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a) Salisbury, E.E.: « Muhammadan predestination and free will », in journal of the
American Oriental Society, 8 (1899), p. 106-182.
b) De Vlieger, A. Kitâb al Qadr, Matériaux pour servir à l'étude de la prédestination dans la
théologie musulmane. Leyde 1903.
c) Ringgren, Helmer: Studies in Arabic fatalism. Uppsala, 1955.



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2 C.H. Becker: « Christliche Polemik und islamische Dogmenbildung », in Zeitschrift für
Assyrologie, XXVI (1911), pp. 175-195.


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(1976), pp. 461-466.
2 Morris S. Seale: Muslim Theology. A Study of Origins, with reference to the Church
Fathers. London, 1964, pp. 27-35.


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5 De fide Orthodaxa, Book II, Chap. 29, p. 41; ed. Migne, p. 964.


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b) A. Merx: Bardesanus von Edessa, Halle 1863,
c) A. Hilgenfeld: Bardesanes, der letzte Gnostiker, Leipzig 1864,
d) F. Nau : Une biographie inédite de Bardesane l'astrologue, Paris 1897,
e) idem : Le livre des lois des pays, Paris 1899.
f) idem: Bardesanes, Liber legum regionum in Patrologia Syriaca, I, 2, Paris 1907,
g) G. Levi della Vida: Il dialogo delle leggi dei paesi, Roma 1921; idem, in Riv. Trim. di
Studi filos. I, pp. 399-430,
h) Baumstark: Geschichte der syrischen Literatur, Bonn 1922, pp. 12-14.


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b) W. Mundle: « Die Herkunft der Marcionistischen Prologe zu den Paulinischen Briefen »,
in Zeitsch. d. neutest. Wiss., 1925, pp. 50-77;
c) E. Buonaiuti: « Marcione e il Nuovo Testamento latino », in Ricerche Religiose II
(1926), pp. 336-348.


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a) Jean Pépin: Mythe et allégorie: les origines grecques et les contestations judéo
Chrétiennes, Paris, 1958;
b) H. de Lubac: Exégèse médiévale, les quatre sens de l'Ecriture, Paris, 1959.


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(1) Sch. Baron: A social and Religious History of the Jews, vol. I. p. 206. Columbia
Univ. Press, New York, 1962.
(2) L. Finkelstein: “Is Philo mentioned in Rabbinic Literature?” in Journal of Biblical
Literature, LIII, 142-149.
(3) S. Poynauski: “Philon dans l'ancienne littérature judéo-arab”, in Revue des Etudes
Juives, L. 10-31.
(4) H. Z. Hircheberg: “Messisanic Vestiges in Arabia during the fifth and the sixth
centuries after the fall of Jerusalem” in Vienna Mem. Vol., pp. 112-124; - Israel ba.
Arab, p. 175.


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(1) I. Friedlânder: Zeit. Assyr. 1909, p. 297.
(2) J. Wellhausen: Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, VI, 6.
(3) L. Caetani: Annali dell Islam, VIII, 42 sqq.
(4) Levi della vida: R S O, 1912, p. 495.


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a) D'Herbelot: Biblioteca Orientalis, s. v.
b) De Sacy: Exposé de la religion des druzes, 1838, I, XIV sqq.
c) Weil: Geschichte der Chalifen, I, 1846, h. 175 sqq. 209.
d) Kremer: Geschichte der herrschender Ideen des Islams, 1868, pp. 14, 339, 361,
377.
e) Dozy: Essai l'histoire de l'Islamisme, 1979, h. 221 sqq.
f) Muir: Annals of the early caliphate, 1883, h. 316 sqq.
g) August Muller: Der Islam in Morgen-und abendland, I, 1385, p. 300, 327
h) Van Vloten: Recherches sur la domination Arabe, le Chiisme et les croyances
messianiques sous le Khalifat des Omayyades, p. 40 sqq.
i) Gratz: Geschichte der Juden, 3. éd., V (1895), p. 115
j) Wellhausen: Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, VI (1899), p. 124, 133 sq., Religiôs -
politische Oppositionspartein in alten Islam, 9, sqq. Das arabische Reich, 1902,
h. 43.
k) Hirschfeld: Jewish Encyclopedia, I (1906), p. 43 b.
l) Houtsma: Encyclopedie de l'Islam, I (1908), s. v.

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(1) IV Esra 14, 9.
(2) IV Esra 7, 27.
(3) Henoch 52, 8-9.
(4) Sibyllinen, V 414-415.


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(1) Halévy: Te’ezâza XIV, n. 2, XV, XIX n. 2 et 4, XXIII n. 2; XXXIII sqq.
(2) G. Levi della vida: “Il califfato di ’ali secondo kitâb ’ansab al-Ashraf di Al-
Balâduri”, in RSO, anno. VI, volume VI, p. 495, Roma, 1913.


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a) James Marmesteter: Le Mahdi depuis les origines de l'Islam jusqu'à nos jours, Paris,
1885;
b) Van Vloten: Recherches sur la domination Arabe, Amsterdam, 1864, pp. 54 sqq.;
c) Van Vloten in ZDMG. LII, 218 sqq.;
d) E. Polochet: Le Messianisme dans l'hétérodoxie musulmane, Paris, 1903;
e) I. Friedlânder: Die Messiasidee in Islam (Festschrift für A. Berliner, Frankfurt-am-
Main, 1903, pp. 116-130.


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a) Henri Lammens: « Une visite au Shaikh suprême des Nosairis Haidaris », in Journal
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b) H. Lammens: « Les Nosairis furent-ils Chrétiens », in Revue de l'Orient Chrétien, 1901,
p. 39 et sqq.; « Les Nosairis dans les Liban », Ibidem, 1902.
(2) R. Dussaud: Histoire et religion des Nosairis, p. 64.


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