UBND TNH BC NINH

S GIO DC V O TO
CHNH THC

THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TNH

NM HC 2012 2013
MN THI : HA HC-LP 12-THPT
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Ngy thi: 29 thng 3 nm 2013
===========

Bi 1 (3,0 im): Da vo c im cu to ca cc phn t NH3, H2S v H2O. Hy cho bit.

a) Ti sao gc ha tr ca cc phn t li khc nhau: Gc (HNH) = 107 0, gc (HSH)=920, gc
(HOH) = 104,50. Gii thch.
b) Ti sao iu kin thng H2S v NH3 l cht kh cn H2O l cht lng.
c) Ti sao H2O c khi lng ring ln nht 40C v P = 1 atm.
Bi 2 (3,0 im): Mt dung dch cha 4 ion ca 2 mui v c, trong c mt ion l SO 42-, khi tc
dng va vi Ba(OH)2 t nng cho 1 cht kh, kt ta X, dung dch Y. Dung dch Y sau khi axit
ha bng HNO3 to vi AgNO3 kt ta trng ha en ngoi nh sng. Kt ta X em nung n khi
lng khng i thu c a gam cht rn Z. Gi tr a thay i ty theo lng Ba(OH) 2 dng: nu va
a t cc i, cn nu ly d th a gim dn n cc tiu. Khi cho cht rn Z vi gi tr cc i
a=8,51g thy Z ch phn ng ht vi 50 ml dung dch HCl 1,2M v cn li mt b rn nng 6,99 gam.
Hy lp lun xc nh hai mui trong dung dch.
Bi 3 (4,0 im): Cho hn hp A gm ba oxit ca st Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 v FeO vi s mol bng nhau. Ly
m1 gam A cho vo mt ng s chu nhit, nung nng ri cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng, CO phn
ng ht, ton b kh CO2 ra khi ng c hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 thu
c m2 gam kt ta trng. Cht cn li trong ng s sau phn ng c khi lng l 19,20 gam gm
Fe, FeO v Fe3O4, cho hn hp ny tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 d un nng c 2,24 lt kh
NO duy nht ( ktc).
a) Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng.
b) Tnh khi lng m1, m2 v s mol HNO3 phn ng .
Bi 4 (4,0 im): Chia 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm hai anken (phn t khi hn km nhau 28u)
thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: em t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm chy qua dung dch cha 0,1 mol Ca(OH) 2
thu c 7,5 gam kt ta.
Phn 2: cho tc dng hon ton vi nc c xc tc thu c hn hp 2 ancol . un nng hn
hp 2 ancol vi H2SO4 c 1400C mt thi gian thu c 1,63 gam hn hp 3 ete. Ho hi lng ete
thu c 0,532lt 136,50C v 1,2atm.
a) Xc nh CTCT hai anken v tnh phn trm theo khi lng mi cht.
b) Xc nh hiu sut mi ancol thnh ete.
Bi 5 (3,0 im): Hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O thuc loi hp cht no, mch h v cha hai loi nhm
chc. Khi thy phn A trong mi trng axit v c long, thu c ba cht hu c B, D, E.
Bit B, D u thuc loi hp cht n chc, c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t v u
tc dng vi Na gii phng H2. Khi t chy hon ton B thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc c th tch
bng nhau. Mt khc, t chy hon ton mt t D th thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol bng 2:3.
Khi cho 1,56 gam E tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 d (hay [Ag(NH3)2]OH) th
thu c 3,24 gam Ag v cht hu c F. Bit phn t khi ca F ln hn phn t khi ca E l 50 (u).
Cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit v p sut.
a) Xc nh CTCT ca B, D, E, t suy ra cu to ca A.
b) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra?
Bi 6 (3,0 im): Khi thy phn khng hon ton mt loi lng th, ngi ta thu c mt oligopeptit
X. Kt qu thc nghim cho thy phn t khi ca X khng vt qu 500 (u). Khi thy phn hon ton
814 mg X th thu c 450mg Gly, 178mg Ala v 330mg Phe (axit 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic).
a) Xc nh CTPT ca oligopeptit .
b) Khi thy phn khng hon ton X th trong hn hp sn phm thy c cc ipeptit Gly-Ala,
Ala-Gly m khng thy c Phe-Gly. Xc nh CTCT c th c ca X.
============== Ht ==============
( thi gm 02 trang)
Th sinh c s dng bng HTTH v my tnh cm tay thng thng.

HNG DN CHM
THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TNH NM HC 2012 2013
MN THI : HA HC-LP 12
Bi 1 (3,0 im): Da vo c im cu to ca cc phn t NH3, H2S v H2O. Hy cho bit.
a) Ti sao gc ha tr ca cc phn t li khc nhau: Gc (HNH) = 107 0, gc (HSH) = 920, gc
(HOH) = 104,50. Gii thch.
b) Ti sao iu kin thng H2S v NH3 l cht kh cn H2O l cht lng.
c) Ti sao H2O c khi lng ring ln nht 40C v P = 1 atm.

NI DUNG
IM
3
a
Trong phn t NH3 v H2O. Nguyn t N v O u trng thi lai ha sp . nn
0,25
gc ha tr gn vi gc 109028.
Nhng do cp electron t do khng tham gia lin kt trn obitan lai ha khuch
tn kh rng trong khng gian so vi cp electron lin kt, nn n c tc dng y my
electron lin kt v do gc lin kt thc t li thua gc lai ha sp 3. Trong phn t
0,25
NH3 nguyn t N c mt cp electron khng lin kt, cn trong phn t H2O nguyn t
O cn 2 cp electron khng lin kt. V vy gc lin kt (HOH) nh hn gc lin kt
(HNH) v nh hn 109028.
Trong phn t H2S. S chu k 3 kh nng to lai ho km nn trong H 2S mc
0,25
3
d c cu to tng t H2O nhng S khng lai ho sp .
Nguyn t S b ra 2 electron c thn trn 2 obitan p (p x, py) xen ph vi 2
obitan 1s c electron c thn ca nguyn t H to 2 lin kt S H. Gc to bi trc
ca 2 obitan px v py l 900. Nhng do to 2 lin kt S H lm tng mt electron
0,25
khu vc gia nhn hai nguyn t S, H. Hai cp electron lin kt ny y nhau lm cho
gc lin kt HSH ln hn 900 v thc t l 920.
b
iu kin thng NH3, H2S l cht kh; H2O l cht lng. H2O v NH3 cng
to c lin kt hidro lin phn t nhng H 2O c kh nng to lin kt hiro mnh
0,5
hn so vi NH3 do hidro linh ng hn.
H2S khng to c lin kt hidro lin phn t, phn t phn cc km nn c
0,5
nhit si thp.
c C hai l do:
Th nht, khi nc nng chy lin kt hiro b t i to thnh nhng lin hp phn
t n gin hn. Suy ra, th tch nc gim nn khi lng ring tng dn t 0 40C.
0,5
Th hai, t 4 0C tr i do nh hng ca nhit, khong cch gia cc phn t
tng dn lm cho th tch nc tng ln v lm khi lng ring gim dn. Do lin
quan gia hai cch bin i th tch ngc chiu nhau, nn nc c khi lng ring
0,5
0
ln nht 4 C.
Bi 2 (3,0 im): Mt dung dch cha 4 ion ca 2 mui v c, trong c mt ion l SO 42-, khi tc
dng va vi Ba(OH)2 t nng cho 1 cht kh, 1 kt ta X, 1 dung dch Y. Dung dch Y sau khi
axit ha bng HNO3 to vi AgNO3 kt ta trng ha en ngoi nh sng. Kt ta X em nung c a
gam cht rn Z. Gi tr a thay i ty theo lng Ba(OH) 2 dng: nu va a t cc i, cn nu ly
d th a gim dn n cc tiu. Khi cho cht rn Z vi gi tr cc i a = 8,51g thy Z ch phn ng ht
vi 50 ml dung dch HCl 1,2M v cn li mt b rn nng 6,99 gam.
Hy lp lut xc nh 2 mui trong dung dch.

NI DUNG
IM
*) Mt dung dch mui khi tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 un nng cho kh bay ra
th kh l NH3. Vy trong dung dch mui c ion NH4+.
0,5
NH4+ + OH
NH3 + H2O

Kt ta X ti thiu c BaSO4 do:

Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Dung dch Y sau khi axit ha bng HNO3 to vi AgNO3 kt ta trng ngoi
nh sng ha en l AgCl nn trong dung dch Y c ion Cl- do:
Ag+ + Cl-
AgCl ; 2AgCl as 2Ag + Cl2
0,5
*) Dung dch u cha 4 ion ca 2 mui v c l: NH4+, Cl-, SO42-, An+.
Nu kt ta X ch c BaSO4 thi khi nung Z cng ch l BaSO4 khng phn ng
c vi HCl, nh vy X phi c thm mt kt ta na do An+ to ra. l
0,5
An+ + n OH
A(OH)n

Nung X gm BaSO4 v A(OH)n.

2A(OH)n t
A2On + n H2O
*) Khi dung dch u tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 c 2 trng hp:
- Nu va th Z c khi lng cc i.
- Nu Ba(OH)2 dng d th Z c khi lng cc tiu iu ny chng t trong X
0,5
cht A(OH)n phi tip tc tan bi Ba(OH)2 nh th A(OH)n l hiroxit lng tnh.
2A(OH)n + (4- n)Ba(OH)2 Ba4-n[A(OH)4]2
Khi Z c khi lng cc i tc Z gm BaSO4 v A2On, phn ng vi HCl.
A2On + 2nHCl
2ACln + n H2O
0,03/n 0,06
B rn cn li l BaSO4.
Khi lng A2On = (2A + 16n).0,03/n = 8,51 6,99 = 1,52 (g)
52
0,5
.n n = 3; A = 52 (tha mn). A l Cr, A2On l Cr2O3.
A=
3
Vy dung dch ban u gm cc ion: NH4+, Cl-, SO42-, Cr3+.
0,25
Hai mui ban u l NH4Cl v Cr2(SO4)3 hoc (NH4)2SO4 v CrCl3
0,25
Bi 3 (4,0 im): Cho hn hp A gm ba oxit ca st Fe 2O3 , Fe3O4 v FeO vi s mol bng nhau. Ly
m1 gam A cho vo mt ng s chu nhit, nung nng n ri cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng, CO
phn ng ht, ton b kh CO 2 ra khi ng c hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch
Ba(OH)2 thu c m2 gam kt ta trng. Cht cn li trong ng s sau phn ng c khi lng l 19,20
gam gm Fe, FeO v Fe3O4, cho hn hp ny tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 un nng c 2,24 lt
kh NO duy nht (ktc).
a) Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng.
b) Tnh khi lng m1, m2 v s mol HNO3 phn ng .

NI DUNG
IM
t0
a
CO + 3Fe2O3
2Fe3O4 + CO2 (1)
t0
CO + Fe3O4
3FeO + CO2 (2)
0,5
0
CO + FeO t
Fe + CO2 (3)
Sau phn ng (1, 2, 3) thu c hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4
CO2 + Ba(OH)
BaCO3 + H2O (4)
2
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO
9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O (5)
3
0,5
3FeO + 10HNO3
3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O (6)
Fe + 4HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O (7)
b Ta c s phn ng sau:
CO
2
FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O
4

CO

Ba(OH )2

BaCO3(m2 gam)

HNO3
19,2g(Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 )

Fe(NO3)3

NO

S dng phng php qui i: Coi hn hp (Fe, FeO, Fe 3O4) l hn hp ch c

(Fe, Fe2O3). Ta c:
S mol Fe = s mol NO = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 mol
19,2 56.0,1
0,085 (mol)
S mol Fe2O3 =
160
t s mol FeO = s mol Fe2O3 = s mol Fe3O4 = a mol
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t cho Fe ta c:
0,75
a + 2a + 3a = 0,1 + 0,085.2 a = 0,045 (mol)
0,75
m1 = 0,045. (72 + 232 + 160) = 20,88 gam
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
20,88 + 28.nCO = 19,2 + 44.nCO2 nCO2 = nBaCO3 = 0,105 mol (v nCO=nCO2)
0,75
m2= mBaCO3 = 0,105.197 = 20,685 gam
0,75
S mol HNO3 p = 3.nFe(NO3)3 + nNO = 3. (0,1 + 0,085.2) + 0,1 = 0,91 (mol)
Bi 4 (4,0 im): Chia 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm hai anken (phn t khi hn km nhau 28u)
thnh hai phn bng nhau.

Phn 1: em t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm chy qua dung dch cha 0,1 mol Ca(OH) 2 thu
c 7,5 gam kt ta.
Phn 2: cho tc dng hon ton vi nc c xc tc thu c hn hp 2 ancol . un nng hn
hp 2 ancol vi H2SO4 c 1400C mt thi gian thu c 1,63 gam hn hp 3 ete. Ho hi lng ete
thu c 0,532lt 136,50C v 1,2atm.
a) Xc nh CTCT hai anken v tnh phn trm theo khi lng mi cht.
b) Xc nh hiu sut mi ancol thnh ete.

NI DUNG
IM
Cng thc chung ca hn hp hai anken l CnH2n vi n l s nguyn t C trung
bnh.
0
3n
CnH2n + O2 t
nCO2 +nH2O (1)
Phn 1:
2
S mol CO2 = 0,05.n > 0,05.2 = 0,1 (mol). Vy khi cho CO2 tc dng vi
Ca(OH)2 to ra 2 mui.
CO2 + Ca(OH)
CaCO3 + H2O
(1)
2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,25
CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O
2Ca(HCO3)2 (2)
0,025 (0,1 0,075)
S mol CO2 = 0,05.n = (0,1 + 0,025) n = 2,5. Vy hai anken l C2H4 v C4H8.
0,25
V n = 2,5 s mol C2H4 = 0,0375; s mol C4H8 = 0,0125 (mol).
Do 2 anken ch to 2 ancol nn chng l
0,5
CH2=CH2 v cis-but-2-en
hoc
0,5
CH2=CH2 v trans-but-2-en
0,25
0,25

% mC2H4 60%
% mC4H8 40%

Phn 2:

C2H4 + H2O
CH3CH2OH (3)
H

C4H8 + H2O
C4H9OH
(4)
H
S mol C2H5OH = s mol C2H4 = 0,0375 (mol);
S mol C4H9OH = s mol C4H8 = 0,0125 (mol).

c
4
H2SO
2C2H5OH
C2H5OC2H5 + H2O (5)
1400

2C4H9OH

H2SO4
c
1400

C4H9OC4H9 + H2O (6)

c
4
H2SO
C2H5OH + C4H9OH
C2H5OC4H9 + H2O (7)
1400
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol C2H5OH v C4H9OH tham gia phn ng ete ha.
Theo bi, theo (5), (6), (7) ta c.
P.V
0,532.1,2

0,019
S mol ete = s mol H2O = R.T 22,4
(mol)
.(136,5 273)
273
S mol ancol phn ng = 2.s mol ete = 2.0,019 = 0,038 (mol).
Khi lng hn hp ancol phn ng = mete + mH2O = 1,63 + 0,019.18 = 1,972 (gam).
a b 0,038
a 0,03

Ta c:
46a 74b 1,972 b 0,008
Hiu sut chuyn ha C2H5OH thnh ete = 0,03.100%/0,0375 = 80%
Hiu sut chuyn ha C4H9OH thnh ete = 0,008.100%/0,0125 = 64%

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25
0,5
0,25
0,25

Bi 5 (3,0 im):
Hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O thuc loi hp cht no, mch h v cha hai loi nhm chc. Khi
thy phn A trong mi trng axit v c long, thu c ba cht hu c B, D, E.

Bit B, D u thuc loi hp cht n chc, c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t v u tc
dng vi Na gii phng H2. Khi t chy hon ton B thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc c th tch bng
nhau. Mt khc, t chy hon ton mt t D th thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol bng 2 : 3.
Khi cho 1,56 gam E tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 d (hay [Ag(NH3)2]OH) th
thu c 3,24 gam Ag v cht hu c F. Bit phn t khi ca F ln hn phn t khi ca E l 50 (u).
Cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit v p sut.
a) Xc nh CTCT ca B, D, E, t suy ra cu to ca A.
b) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra?

NI DUNG
IM
a T p thy phn suy ra A cha chc este; B l axit no mch h hoc ancol mch h
c mt lin kt i n chc : CnH2nO2 hoc CnH2nO.
t D thu c s mol H 2O ln hn CO2 v D p vi Na to H 2 nn D l ancol no,
0,5
mch h, n chc c s C trong phn t bng : n = 2/(3-2) = 2. Vy D l C2H5OH
=> B c CTPT C2H4O2 (Loi C2H4O v khng tn ti CH2=CH-OH v A no).
CTCT l CH3-COOH.
0,5
V khi 1 nhm CHO COONH4 th phn t khi tng 33u, m 33 < 50 < 33.2
Nn trong E ngoi 1 nhm CHO cn c 1 nhm COOH(v COOH COONH4 c
tng phn t khi l 17u)
0,5
+ V A c chc este m khi thy phn to ra CH 3-COOH v C2H5OH nn E phi c
1,56
nhm COOH v OH. C nE = nAg/2 = 0,015 mol ME =
=104u. Gi cng
0,015
thc E (HO)aR(CHO)-COOH 17a + R = 30 a= 1, R = 13(CH)
Vy E c CTCT : HOOCCH(OH)CHO.
0,5
CTCT ca A l : C2H5OOCCH(OOC-CH3)CHO
0,5
b C2H5OOCCH(OCOCH3)CHO +2H2OOHC-CH(OH)COOH+CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOH + Na CH3COONa + 1/2H2
0,5
C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa + 1/2H2
C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
HOOC-CH(OH)-CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH HO-CH(COONH4)2 + 2Ag +2NH3 + H2O
Bi 6 (3,0 im):
Khi thy phn khng hon ton mt loi lng th, ngi ta thu c mt oligopeptit X. Kt qu
thc nghim cho thy phn t khi ca X khng vt qu 500 (vC). Khi thy phn hon ton 814 mg
X th thu c 450mg Gly, 178mg Ala v 330mg Phe (axit 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic).
a) Xc nh CTPT ca oligopeptit .
b) Khi thy phn khng hon ton X th trong hn hp sn phm thy c cc ipeptit Gly-Ala,
Ala-Gly m khng thy c Phe-Gly. Xc nh CTCT c th c ca X.

NI DUNG
IM
a
T s mol cc amino axit thu c khi thy phn chnh l t s cc mt xch
amino axit trong phn t oligopeptit X. Ta c:
0,5
450 178 330
Gly : Ala : Phe
:
:
3:1:1
75 89 165
Cng thc n gin nht ca oligopeptit X l (Gly) 3(Ala)(Phe).
Cng thc phn t l [(Gly)3(Ala)(Phe)]n vi M 500u
V 5 phn t aminoaxit tch i 4 phn t nc.
0,5
(3.75 + 89 + 165 4.18).n 500 n = 1.
Cng thc phn t ca oligopeptit l (Gly) 3(Ala)(Phe) hay C18H25O6N5 l
0,5
mt pentapeptit gm 3 mt xch glyxin, mt mt xch alanin v mt mt xch
phenylalanin.
b
Khi thy phn tng phn thy c Gly-Ala v Ala-Gly chng t mt xch ala
0,5
gia 2 mt xch Gly: .. Gly- Ala Gly
Khng thy c Phe-Gly chng t Phe khng ng trc Gly. Nh vy Phe ch
c th ng cui mch (amino axit ui). Vy oligopeptit c th l
Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-Phe
0,5
Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Phe
0,5

Ch : Nu th sinh c cch gii khc, kt qu ng th vn cho im ti a tng ng.