BI TP AMRSTRONG

Bi tp:
Cu 1: Cho lc quan h R ( A, B, C, D, E, F, G ) v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh
trn R:
F ={ A B, D F, BF E, EF G, A C, BC D }
Chng minh: AF G c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong.
Gii:
Ta c:
A C (f5)
A B (f1)
AF BF (tng trng)
BF E (f3)
AF E (bc cu 3,4)
D F (f2)
BF F (phn x)
BF EF (4, 7 hp)
EF G (f4)
BF G (bc cu 8,9)
AF G (bc cu 3, 10 )
Cu 2: Cho lc quan h R ( A, B, E, I, G, H ) v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh trn
R:
F = { AB E, AG I, E G, GI H }
Chng minh: AB GH c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin
Armstrong.
Gii:
Ta c:
AB E (f1)
E G (f3)
AB G (bc cu 1,2)

AG I (f2)
AB I( ta bc cu)
GI H (f4)
AB H
AB GH (hp 3,7)
Cu 3: Cho lc quan h R (A, B, C, D, E, G, H} v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh
trn R:
F={ AB C, B D, DC GH, HC E }
Chng minh: BC G v AB E c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin
Armstrong.
Gii:
Ta c:
B D (f2)
BC DC (lut tng trng)
DC GH (f3)
DC G (phn r)
BC G (2,4 bc cu)

AB E

Ta c:
AB C (f1)
AB B (phn x)
B D (f2)
AB D (2,3 bc cu)
AB DC (hp 1,3)
DC GH (f3)
AB GH (bc cu 5,6)
AB H (phn r 6)
AB HC (1, 8 hp)
HC E (f4)
AB E (bc cu 9,10)

Cu 4: Cho lc quan h: Q(ABCDEGH) vi:

F= { AB C, B D, CD E, CE GH, G A }
Chng minh: AB E v AB G c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin
Armstrong.
Gii:
Ta c:
AB C (f1)
AB B (phn x)
B D (f2)
AB D (bc cu 2,3)
CD E (f3)
AB CD (hp 1,4)
AB E (bc cu 4,5)
* AB G
Ta c:
AB E (cmt)
AB C (f1)
AB CE (hp 1,2)
CE GH (f4)
AB GH (bc cu 3,4)
AB G ( phn r)
Cu 5: Cho ph thuc hm F= { A B, BC D, AB E, CE G}. Dng lut suy
din Armstrong chng minh: AC DG, AC E thuc F.
Gii:
AC DG
Ta c:
A B (f1)
AC BC (tng trng)
BC D (f3)
AC D (2, 3 bc cu)

AC C (phn x)
CE G (f4)
AE G (5,6 ta bc cu)
Cu 6: Cho G={ AB C, B DE, CD EK, CE GH, G AC}.
Chng minh: AB EG bng lut tin Armstrong.
Gii: Ta c:
B DE (f2)
B E ( 1 phn x)
AB C (f1)
AB CE (3,4 ta bc cu)
CE GH (f4)
AB GH (bc cu 4,5)
AB G (phn r)
AB B (phn x)
B DE (f2)
AB DE (Bc cu 8,9)
AB E (phn r)
AB EG (hp 7,11)
Cu 7: Cho lc quan h R (A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I,J) v tp cc ph thuc hm:
F = {AB E, AG J, BE I, E G, GI H }.
Tm chui suy din AB GH bng h tin Armstrong.
Gii: Ta c:
AB E (f1)
E G (f4)
AB G (Bc cu 1,2)
AB B (phn x)
AB BE (1,4 hp)
BE I (f3)
BE E (phn x)

BE G ( bc cu 2, 7)
BE GI ( 6,8 hp)
GI H (f5)
BE H (9, 10 bc cu)
AB H (5, 11 bc cu)
AB GH (3,12 hp)
Cu 8: Vi F = { X Y, X Z, Y T }
Th ta c cc ph thuc hm X YZ v X T.
Gii:
Ta c:
X Y (f1)
X Z (f2)
X YZ (1,2 hp)
Y

T (f3)

X T (1,3 suy ra)

Cu 9: Cho R = { A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I}
F= { A B, BH I, B D , D BE}. Chng minh: A E.
Gii:
Ta c:
A B (f1)
B D ( f3)
A D ( bc cu 1,2)
D BE (f4)
D E ( f4 phn r)
A E (dpcm) {bc cu 1,3)
Cu 10: Cho lc quan h p= (U,F) vi U= ABCDEGH, F= { B AC, HD E,
ACBE, E H, A D, G E}. Kim tra tnh ng n ca cc suy din ca h tin
Armstrong: F|= CG EH.
Gii: Tnh ng n ca h tin Armstrong lun ng: F|= CG EH: ng, v
(CG) = CGEH cha EH.
+

Cu 11: Cho lc quan h LQH) P= (U,F), trong U= ABCDE, F= { A B, B

E, D CE). Chng minh: AD BE bng lut suy dn Armstrong.
Gii:
Ta c:
A B (f1)
AD BD (tng trng)
B E (f2)
A E ( 1,3 bc cu)
AD DE (tng trng)
AD BDE (hp 2,5)
AD BE (phn r)
Cu 12: Cho R = { A, B, C, D, E, G } v
F= { AB C , D EG , BE C , BC D , CG BD, CE AG}. Chng
minh: AB CG da vo tin Armstrong.
Gii:
Ta c:
AB C (f1)
AB B (phn x)
AB BC (hp 1,2)
BC D (f4)
D EG (f2)
BC EG (bc cu 4,5)
AB EG (3, 6 bc cu)
AB G (phn r)
AB CG (hp 1,8)
Cu 13: Cho F={AB, CD} vi C B, hy chng minh AD suy dn c t F.
Gii:
Ta c:
B C (v C B )
A B (f1)
A C (bc cu 1,2)
C D (f2)
A D (bc cu 3,4)

Cu 14: Cho lc quan h R(ABCD) v F={AB, BCD}

hy cho bit cc ph thuc hm no di y c th suy dn c t F:
a. ACD
b. BD
c. ADB
Gii:
Cu a.
A B (f1)
AC BC (tng trng)
BC D (f2)
AC D (bc cu 2,3)
Cu b:
Khng th suy dn t F
Cu c:
Gii:
A B (f1)
AD BD (tng trng)
AD B (phn x)
Cu 15: F={XYW, YZ, WZP, WPQR }
Chng minh rng XYP suy dn c t F.
Gii:
Ta c:
XY W (f1)
XY Y (phn x)
XY WY (hp 1,2)
WY Y (phn x)
Y Z (f2)
WY Z (bc cu 4,5)
XY Z (bc cu 3,6)
XY WZ (hp 1,7)
WZ P (f3)
XY P
Cu 16: Cho lc quan h (=(U, F) vi U=ABCDEGHIJ v tp ph thc hm
F={AB E, AGJ, BEI, EG, GI H}
f=ABGH, Chng minh rng f suy dn c t F
Gii:
Ta c:
AB E (f1)
E G (f4)
AB G (Bc cu 1,2)
AB B (phn x)
AB BE (1,4 hp)

BE I (f3)
BE E (phn x)
BE G ( bc cu 2, 7)
BE GI ( 6,8 hp)
GI H (f5)
BE H (bc cu)
AB H (5, 11 bc cu)
AB GH (3,12 hp)
Cu 17: Cho lc quan h (=(u, F) vi U=ABCDEGH v tp ph thc hm
F={ABC, B D, CDE, CEGH, GA}
Hy chng minh:
a. ABE
b. BGC
c. ABG
Gii:
Cu a
Gii:
Ta c:
AB C (f1)
AB B (phn x)
B D (f2)
AB D (bc cu 2,3)
CD E (f3)
AB CD (hp 1,4)
AB E (bc cu 4,5)
Cu b:
Gii:
Ta c:
G A (f5)
BG AB (tng trng)
AB C (f1)
BG C (bc cu 2,3)
Cu c: AB G
Ta c:

AB E (cmt)
AB C (f1)
AB CE (hp 1,2)
CE GH (f4)
AB GH (bc cu 3,4)
AB G ( phn x)
Cu 18: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCDEG v F={BC, ACD, DG,
AGE} hy cho bit:
a. ABG
b. BDAD
( t cc lut suy dn ca tin Armstrong).
Gii:
a. Ta c:
B C (f1)
AB AC (tng trng)
AC D (f2)
AB D (2, 3 bc cu)
D G (f3)
AB G
b. Ta c:
B C (f1)
Cu 19: Gia s ta co lc o quan he Q(C,D,E,G,H,K) va tap
phu thuoc ham F nh sau;
F = {CK H; C D; EC; E G; CK E}
T tap F, hay chng minh EK DH
Gii:
Ta c:
E C (f3)
EK CK (Tng trng)
CK H (f1)
EK H (2,3 bc cu)
E C (f4)
C D (f2)
E D (bc cu 5,6)
EK DH (4,7 hp)
Cu 20: Cho lc o quan he Q(A,B,C,D,E,G,H,K) va tap phu thuoc
ham F nh sau;
F = {C AD; E BH; B K; CE G}
hy cho bit cc ph thuc hm no di y c th suy dn c t F khong?
a. E K
b. EG

a. Gii:
Ta c:
E BH (f2)
E B (1 phn r)
B K (f3)
E K (2,3 bc cu)
b. Gii:
E G khng suy dn t F
Cu 21: Cho lc quan h = (U, F) vi U = ABCDEGH v
F = { B AEG , ABE CH , ACD BEG } .
Bng cc lut ca h tin Armstrong hy chng t ph thuc hm f = BD CGH
suy
dn c t tp cc ph thuc hm F.
Gii:
Ta c:
B AEG (f1)
ABE CH (f2)
ACD BEG (f3)
Cu 22: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi U = ABCDEGH v
F = { AE BEG , CEH BD , DG BCD, ABC DE}
v mt ph thuc hm f = ACE DEG. Hy ch ra rng f c th dn c t tp F
theo
cc lut ca h tin Armstrong.
Cu 23: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi U = ABCDEGH v
F = { AE BEG , CEH BD , DG BCD, ABC DE} v mt ph thuc hm f =
ACE DEG. Hy ch ra rng f dn c t tp F bng vic
ng dng cc lut ca h tin Armstrong.