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DinhNghiaThongSo
DinhNghiaThongSo
ANTEN VI DI
Trn Bo Chu
Bin Ngc Duy
Trn Vn Dng
Nguyn Khc Duy Khnh
Nguyn Vn Bnh
Nguyn Minh Hong
Phan Thanh Minh
Phm Nguyn Phc
Trn Trung Tn
L Bo Trung
0920008
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Content
S lc
truyn thng
khng dy
Kt lun
Thit k v
m phng
C bn v
anten
Anten vi di
S LC V TRUYN
THNG KHNG DY
1
H thng di ng (Cellular
System) Thi k u
H thng di ng (Cellular
System) Hin ti v tng lai
Cu to in thoi di ng
(Cellular phone)
Thi k u
Dch v in thoi cng cng u tin bt
u M vo nm 1946.
Dch v ny ch cung cp ch b bn song
cng (half duplex) vi bng thng truyn
120kHz.
n gia thp nin 1960, vi s pht trin
ca cng ngh, bng thng cho vic truyn
ging ni gim xung cn 30kHz v c th
cung cp dch v song cng (Full duplex).
Tuy nhin vic c qu t knh v nhu cu
s dng ngy cng tng lm cho dch v
ny nhanh chng b bo ha.
Thi k u
Vo thp nin 1960, phng th nghim
AT&T Bell v mt s cng ty vin thng
khc pht trin cng ngh in thoi radio
di ng/t bo (cellular radiotelephony)
khi nim ca vic chia nhng vng chung
thnh nhng t bo nh, mi t bo li s
dng li nhng phn d ca ph tng
ph s dng trong nhng h thng c s
h tng.
Hnh 1.1 th hin vic ti s dng tn s.
Thi k u
Thi k u
Knh c th c s dng li ch khi
khong cch gia cc b truyn gim can
nhiu.
Nm 1983, FFC (Federal Communications
Commission - y ban truyn thng lin bang)
phn phi cc knh cho AMPS (Advanced
Mobile Phone System h thng in thoi
di ng ci tin) trong khong 824 894
MHz.
AMPS s dng iu ch tn s tng t
cng vi FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple
Access a truy cp phn chia tn s).
Thi k u
Thi k u
Thi k u
Thi k u
Nm
1995,
dch
v
PCS
(Personal
Communication Services Dch v truyn thng
c nhn) ra i.
Mt v d ca h thng PCS l DCS-1900 s
dng di 1850-1900 MHz v vn c s dng
ngy nay.
H thng ny da trn TDMA v c s sp t
knh 200 kHz v 8 khe. H thng cng cung cp
nhng dch v nh nh s, gi ID v email.
Trong mt h thng PCS, t bo c chia hn
na thnh nhng macrocell, microcell v picocell
c th kt hp mt cch linh hot hn nh
trong hnh 1.2.
Thi k u
Cu to in thoi di ng
(Cellular phone)
Board mch vi
cc vi x l
Mn hnh tinh th
lng (LCD)
Anten
Cellular
phone
Bn phm
Pin
Loa
Microphone
Cu to in thoi di ng
Hnh 1.6 (Motorola Inc) l in thoi cm
tay s dng vi h thng AMPS vo nm
1983.
Cu to in thoi di ng
Hnh 1.7 l cc loi thit b cm tay trc
y, qua cc giai on thi gian, thit b tr
nn nh v nh hn.
Cu to in thoi di ng
t c nhng thit k nh hn nh
vy, mi thnh phn trong in thoi di ng
cn lm nh hn. Nhng iu kin thun li
ca cng ngh VLSI m bo cho nhng
microchip tr nn nh hn c th s dng
cho vic x l nhng tn hiu cn thit.
Cu to in thoi di ng
Anten l mt trong cc b phn cn tr nn
nh v mng hn. iu ny s gip cho mt
chic in thoi tr nn thon gn.
Thit k nhng anten gn v mng, dng
trong nhng thit b di ng/PCS, l mc ch
ca ti ny.
C BN V ANTEN
1
S pht x ca Anten
Vng trng gn v xa
Pht x trng xa t dy dn
Gii thiu
Anten l vt c cu trc kim loi c
dng pht v nhn nng lng in
t.
Mt anten hot ng nh mt thit b
chuyn tip gia cc thit b dn ng
(ng dn, ng truyn) v khng gian.
IEEE nh ngha theo Stutzman v
Thiele: l mt phn ca h thng
truyn hay nhn c thit k pht
hay nhn sng in t.
S pht x ca Anten
Trong pht x ca anten, pht x dy dn
l yu t chnh v dng bin i theo thi gian
hay gia tc (gim tc ) ca in tch.
Nu khng c s chuyn ng ca in
tch trong dy dn, s khng c pht x xy
ra, dn n khng xut hin dng in.
Pht x s khng xy ra ngay c khi in
tch chuyn ng vi vn tc u dc theo
dy dn thng.
S pht x ca Anten
Tuy nhin in tch chuyn ng vi
vn tc u theo ng cong hay dy b
b cong s xut hin pht x.
Nu in tch thay i theo thi gian
pht x s xy ra sau thm ch cn
xut hin trong dy dn thng nh c
gii thch bi Balais.
S pht x ca Anten
S pht x ca Anten
S pht x t mt anten c gii thch
bi hnh 2.1 cho thy ngun in p kt ni
vi hai dy truyn.
Khi c mt in p hnh sin i qua ng
truyn, mt in trng s c hnh thnh,
l hnh sin v tip tuyn vi ng truyn.
ln ca in trng c tnh bi
cng dng in. Cc electron t do trn
dy dn nh hng n cng dng in
v chuyn ng ca cc in tch ny l
nguyn nhn dn n vic hnh thnh mt t
trng.
S pht x ca Anten
V in trng v t trng thay i
theo thi gian, sng in t c hnh
thnh v c s dch chuyn qua li
cc sng in t ny gia cc dy
dn.
Khi cc sng in t ny i vo khng
gian, cc sng khng gian t do c
hnh thnh bi s ng tt dng in.
S pht x ca Anten
V ngun hnh sin lin tc to ra s
nhiu lon in, cc sng in t cng
c tao ra lin tc v c s chuyn dch
cc sng ny xuyn qua ng truyn,
qua anten v c pht x vo khng
gian.
Trong ng truyn v anten sng in
t c duy tr lin tc bi cc in tch,
nhng nhanh chng c y vo khng
gian, to thnh nhng vng kn v c
pht x.
Vng trng gn v xa
C nhiu kiu trng, kt hp vi mt
anten, thay i theo v tng thch vi hai
loi nng lng: nng lng pht x v nng
lng phn x. Khng gian xung quanh mt
anten chia lm ba vng.
Reactive
Near
Field
Region
Far
Field
Region
Radiating
Near
Field
Region
Vng trng gn v xa
Vng phn x trng gn: trong vng ny
trng phn x chim u th. Nng lng
phn x dao ng hng ti v i t anten,
do xut hin nh l in khng.
Trong vng ny nng lng ch c lu
m khng c tiu tn. Ranh gii ngoi
cng ca khu vc ny l khong cch
R1 0.62 D3 / vi R1 l khong cch tnh t
b mt anten, D l kch thc ln nht ca
anten v l bc sng.
Vng trng gn v xa
Vng pht x trng gn (cn gi l vng
Fresnel): l khu vc nm gia vng phn x
trng gn v trng xa.
Cc trng phn x trong vng xa chim
u th. Trong vng ny, s phn b trng
gc l hm ca khong cch t anten. Ranh
gii ln nht ca vng c khong cch
R2 2D 2 / vi R2 l khong cch tnh t b
mt anten.
Vng trng gn v xa
Vng trng xa (cn gi l vng
Fraunhofer): khu vc ngoi R2 2D 2 / l vng
trng xa.
Trong vng ny cc trng phn x khng
cn v ch tn ti cc trng pht x. Trong
vng ny s phn b trng gc khng ph
thuc vo khong cch t anten v mt
cng sut bin i theo nghch o bnh
phng khong cch.
Vng trng gn v xa
Far Field
Region
Reactive
Near Field
Region
Radiating
Near Field
Region
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Pht x trng xa ca mt lng cc
Hertzian c th c gii thch vi h thng
ta hnh cu nh hnh 2.3.
Trc z l trc thng ng v mt phng xy
l mt nm ngang, l gc nng v l
gc phng v . Mt phng xz l mt phng
nng ( =0) (hay mt phng E) l mt
phng cha vector in trng v c pht
x ln nht. Mt phng xy l mt phng
gc phng v ( =/2) (hay mt phng H)
l mt phng cha vector ln trng v
c pht x ln nht.
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Pht x trng xa c th c gii
thch nh vo lng cc Hertzian hoc
lng cc vi phn l mt phn ca dy
dn thng c chiu di L v ng knh
rt nh so vi mt bc sng (Gi s
mt dng in u chy qua chiu di
dy ).
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Nu lng cc dng ny n trc z, ta c
th vit:
kI (0) Le jkr sin
E j
4 r
1
1
1 jkr (kr ) 2
2
2 r
jkr
1
1 jkr
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Trong pht x trng xa, r2 v r3 c th b
qua, nn ta c th rt gn phng trnh:
kI (0) Le jkr
E j
sin
4 r
kI (0) Le jkr
H j
sin
4 r
Er 0
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Trong tt c phng trnh trn, pha c
truyn i v gi nh tt c trng l hnh sin
bin thin theo thi gian. Trong cc phng
trnh trn ch c trng khng v khng v
chng nh hng ln nhau.
Ta c E / H , nh vy tr khng sng
l 120 v cc trng c pha t l nghch vi
r. Cc thnh phn E, H v r hnh thnh mt
quay phi nh vector Poynting trong hng r
v n cho bit hng truyn ca sng in
t.
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Trung bnh vector Poynting c th vit:
1
*
2
Wav Re E H (Watts / m )
2
y E v H biu din gi tr nh ca in
trng v t trng.
Cng sut pht trung bnh ca mt anten :
Pht x trng xa
t dy dn
Cng pht l cng sut pht t
anten trn n v gc:
U r Wrad
2
Cc h s hiu sut
ca Anten
Hiu sut ca mt anten c th c hiu
chnh bi cc thng s:
1. M hnh pht x.
2. S nh hng.
3. Tr khng li vo.
4. T l in th sng dng.
5. Suy hao phn x (Return Loss).
6. Hiu sut.
7. li.
8. S phn cc.
9. Bng thng.
M hnh pht x
L mt th v nhng c tnh pht x
trng xa ca anten v l mt hm ta
khng gian c trng bi gc nng v gc
phng v.
Xt trng hp ca mt anten ng hng
(Anten pht x nh nhau ti mi hng):
Nu tng cng sut pht x ca anten ng
hng l P, do cng sut s tri khp
hnh cu bn knh r, v vy mt cng sut
S ti khong cch ny bt k hng no
l:
P
P
area
4 2
M hnh pht x
Mt pht x ca anten ng hng:
P
Ui r S
4
2
M hnh pht x
HPBW: rng chm na cng sut.
Main lobe: L bu sng pht x theo hng
c pht x ln nht.
Minor lobe: Tt c nhng bu sng khc
main lobe c gi l minor lobes (bu sng
ph), i din cho s pht x theo nhng
hng khng mong mun.
Back lobe: l minor lobe i din vi main
lobe.
Side lobe: L nhng minor lobes ngay cnh
main lobe v phn cch bi nhng khong
trng. Thng ln nht trong s minor lobe.
S nh hng
(Directivity)
S nh hng ca mt anten c nh
ngha l t s cng pht x theo mt
hng cho trc t mt anten trn cng
pht x trung bnh theo mi hng.
Ni cch khc, s nh hng ca mt
ngun khng ng hng l t s cng
pht x ca n theo hng cho trc trn
cng pht x ca mt ngun ng
hng .
D l s nh hng ca mt anten.
U 4 U
U l cng pht x ca anten.
D
S nh hng
i khi, khng th xc nh c hng ca
s nh hng. Trong trng hp ny,
hng ca cng pht x ln nht c
chn:
U max 4U max
Dmax
Ui
P
Dmax l nh hng ln nht.
Umax l cng pht x ln nht.
nh hng l mt i lng khng c chiu.
N c biu din theo dBi. nh hng ca
mt anten c th c lng t mu pht x
ca anten. Mt anten mun nh hng tt
phi c main lobe rng.
Tr khng li vo
L tr khng ca mt anten ti u cui
ca n hay l t s gia in p v dng
cc cp u cui hoc l t s cc thnh
phn in t v t trng ti mt im.
Tr khng ca mt anten c th vit :
Z in Rin jX in
Trong :
Zin l tr khng anten ti cc u cui.
Rin l in tr anten ti cc u cui.
Xin l in khng anten ti cc u cui.
Tr khng li vo
Thnh phn o ca tr khng li vo biu
din cng sut cha trong trng nng
lng ca anten.
Thnh phn ca tr khng li vo gm 2
phn, tr pht x v tr ti. Cng sut ca
tr pht x l cng sut pht x thc t bi
anten, trong khi cng sut b tiu tn b
mt v nhit trong chnh anten do cht in
mi hay dy dn.
T l in th sng dng
T l in th sng dng
anten hot ng hiu qu, cng sut
truyn ti a phi xy ra gia b truyn v
anten.
Cng sut truyn ti a ch c th xy ra khi
tr khng ca anten (Zin) iu hp vi b
truyn (Zs).
Theo l thuyt truyn cng sut ti a, cng
sut ti a ch c th c truyn khi tr
khng ca b truyn l lin hp phc vi
tr khng ca anten v ngc li.
T l in th sng dng
Do , iu kin cho iu hp l:
Zin Z
*
s
Vi: Z in Rin jX in
Z s Rs jX s
T l in th sng dng
Nu iu kin iu hp khng c tha
mn, cng sut c th b phn x tr li v
to ra sng dng, c trng bi h s
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR).
Trong :
1 | |
VSWR
1 | |
Vr Z n Z s
Vi Z in Z s
: H s phn x.
Vr: Bin sng phn x.
Vi: Bin sng ti.
T l in th sng dng
VSWR v c bn l s o lng tr
khng khng iu gia b truyn v
anten.
VSWR cng cao, khng iu hp cng
ln. VSWR nh nht tng ng vi iu
hp hon ho. Mt thit k anten thc t
nn c tr khng vo l 50 hoc 75 .
RL 20log10 | | (dB)
Vi iu hp hon ho gia my pht v
anten, =0, RL= khng c phn x, trong
khi =1, RL=0 dB phn x l hon ton.
Trong ng dng thc t, VSWR bng 2 l
mc cho php, bi v tng ng vi RL
= -9.54 dB.
et er ec ed
Trong :
et: tng hiu sut anten.
er: (1-|2|) hiu sut phn x.
ec: hiu sut dn.
ed: hiu sut in mi.
Rr
ecd eced
Rr RL
ecd: hiu sut pht x anten (anten radiation
efficiency) v c nh ngha nh t s
cng sut phn phi trn in tr pht x
Rr, Rr v RL.
li
C quan h mt thit vi nh hng
ca anten.
Nu anten t 100% hiu sut, li s
bng nh hng v anten s l pht x
ng hng.
li l lng nng lng nhn c
trn 1 hng v c cho bi:
G , ecd D ,
n v dBi.
S phn cc
L c tnh th hin s thay i hng
theo thi gian v mi quan h vi bin
ca vector trng in.
S phn cc ca anten l s phn cc
ca vector trng in ca sng pht x.
Thng gm tuyn tnh (ngang v ng)
v vng (phn cc bn tay tri hay phi).
S phn cc
S phn cc
Nu ng i ca vector trng in
ti v lui trn mt ng thng ta c
phn cc tuyn tnh.
Trong sng phn cc vng vector
trng in l mt hng s v di
nhng xoay quanh mt ng i vng
trn.
S phn cc
Bng thng
L di tn s c th s dng c cho s
hot ng ca anten.
i vi anten di rng th l t l gia tn
s trn v di c th hot ng.
i vi anten di hp l phn trm ca s
sai khc tn s so vi tn s trung tm.
BWbroadband
fH
fL
fH fL
BWnarrowband (%)
100
fC
Bng thng
Mt anten c gi l di rng nu
FH/FL=2.
Mt phng php nh gi hiu
sut hot ng ca mt anten trn di
tn yu cu l o h s VSWR ca n.
Vi VSWR 2 (RL - 9.5bB) m
bo hiu sut tt.
Bng thng
ANTEN VI DI
1
2
3
Gii thiu
u im v khuyt im
Gii thiu
Gii thiu
Hu ht khi dng c bn, anten vi di
bao gm mt di (patch) kim loi rt mng
(b dy t << 0 vi 0 l bc sng trong
chn khng) t cch mt phng t mt
khong rt nh (h << 0, thng th
0.0030 <h<0.05 0).
Di thng c lm vt liu dn in nh
ng, vng v c nhiu hnh dng.
i vi di hnh ch nht, chiu di L ca
di thng trong khong 0.33330<L<0.50.
Gii thiu
Di v mt phng t c tch bit bi
mt lp in mi nn (substrate). Hng s
in mi ca cht nn (r) nm trong
khong 2.2 r 12.
Anten vi di c th c rt nhiu dng, gm
cc loi di hnh ch nht, hnh vung,
trn, tam gic, elip, hnh vnh khn, v.v....
Tuy nhin loi ph bin nht l anten hnh
ch nht v hnh vung do d phn tch v
ch to.
Gii thiu
Gii thiu
i vi anten c hiu sut tt, mt cht nn
in mi dy c hng s in mi thp l
iu cn thit v s lm anten hot ng
hiu qu hn, bng thng ln hn v pht
x tt hn.
Tuy nhin nhng yu cu s lm cho
anten c kch thc ln. Khi s dng cht
nn vi hng s in mi cao hn th anten
vi di s c kch thc nh hn song li
km hiu qu v bng thng hp hn.
Do , vn l phi cn bng 2 yu t
kch thc v hiu sut anten.
u v nhc im
Anten vi di ngy cng c s dng
rng ri trong cc ng dng khng
dy do cu trc n nh ca n.
V vy, cc anten vi di ny s v
cng thch hp khi nhng vo cc
thit b cm tay nh in thoi di
ng, my nhn tin, v.v...
u v nhc im
Mt s u im ca anten vi di:
- Khi lng v kch thc nh, mng, d
sn xut .
- Gi thnh thp nn c th sn xut vi s
lng ln.
- C th cho phn cc tuyn tnh hay vng.
- Cng ngh ch to hon ton ph hp vi
cc mch tch hp vi sng
- ng truyn cung cp v ghp ni mng
anten c th c thc hin ng thi vi
vic ch to anten .
u v nhc im
Bn cnh u im, anten vi di
cng c mt s nhc im:
- Bng thng hp.
- li thp .
- Hiu sut nng lng c th s dng
c thp.
Cc k thut cp ngun
Cc phng php cp ngun c th c
phn lm hai loi: tip xc v khng tip
xc.
Trong loi tip xc, nng lng RF c
cp trc tip vo di pht x bng mt
phn t ni nh mt dng vi di.
Vi loi khng tip xc, khp ni trng
in t c thc hin chuyn nng
lng gia dng vi di v di pht x.
Cc k thut cp ngun
Phng php
tip xc
Microstrip Line Feed
(cp ngun bng ng
truyn vi di)
Phng php
khng tip xc
Coaxial Feed
Dy dn bn trong ca cc kt ni ng
trc c xuyn qua lp in mi v c
hn vo di pht x, trong khi dy dn bn
ngoi c ni vi mt phng t.
u im chnh ca phng php ny l c
th c t bt c v tr mong mun no
bn trong di ph hp vi tr khng
u vo ca n.
Phng php ny cng d thc hin v c
lng pht x tp nhiu thp.
Coaxial Feed
Hn ch chnh ca phng php ny l
cp ng trc ni t t n di c bng
thng hp v s gy kh khn trong vic
xy dng m hnh cho anten v 1 l c
khoan trong cht nn v nh ra ngoi mt
phng t s lm cho cht nn dy hn
(h>0.02 0).
Khi cht nn dy hn, chiu di u d
tng v lm cho tr khng u vo tng
cm ng.
Coaxial Feed
Khp ni gia di v ng cp ngun
c thc hin thng qua mt khe cm hay
khu trong mt phng t.
Khi mt phng t tch di v dng cp
ngun th ngun pht x tp nhiu c
gim thiu.
Mt bt li ln ca k thut cp ngun ny
chnh l n kh khn ch to v c nhiu
lp v chnh iu lm cho anten dy
thm. V k thut ny cng s cung cp
bng thng hp.
Cp ngun
bng probe
ng trc
Cp ngun
dng ghp
gn
Cp ngun
dng ghp
khe
Nhiu
Nhiu
t hn
t nht
Tt hn
Thp do hn
Cn hn v
khoan
Tt
Yu cu s
lin kt
Tt
Yu cu s
lin kt
Ch to
iu hp
tr khng
2-5 %
2-5 %
2-5 %
13 %
Bng thng
THIT K V M PHNG
ANTEN VI DI
1
2
3
Cc bc thit k
Cc bc thit k
Bc 1: Tnh ton rng (W): rng
ca anten vi di c cho bi cng thc
sau:
c
W
2 f0
( r 1)
2
Cc bc thit k
Bc 2: Tnh ton hng s in thm
tng ng (reff):
reff
r 1 r 1
2
h
1 12
2
W
1
2
Cc bc thit k
Bc 3: Tnh di hiu dng ca anten
(Leff):
c
Leff
2 f 0 reff
Cc bc thit k
Bc 4: Tnh chiu di m rng (L):
L 0.412h
W
Cc bc thit k
Bc 5: Tnh chiu di thc t ca di
(patch) (L): Chiu di thc t thu c qua
phng trnh sau:
L Leff 2L
Vi Leff = 22.4mm, L = 6.3455e-4 mm
Ta tnh c: L = 0.0228m = 22.8mm
Cc bc thit k
Bc 6: Tnh ton kch thc mt phng
t (Lg v Wg): ln mt phng t c
tnh bi:
Lg = 6h + L = 6(1.5) + 22.8 = 31.8mm
Wg = 6h + W = 6(1.5) + 31.1 = 40.1mm
Cc bc thit k
Bc 7: Xc nh im cp ngun(Xf,
Yf):
- Ly trung tm ca di l im gc v v tr
im cp ngun l ta (Xf, Yf) tnh t
gc.
- im cp ngun phi c t im
trn di, ni m tr khng vo l 50 Ohm
cho tn s cng hng.
- Do , phng php th v li c s
dng xc nh v tr im cp ngun. Vi
thit k ny Yf = 0 v Xf thay i tm
im cp ngun ti u.
M phng v kt qu
Phn mm c s dng xy dng m
hnh v m phng anten vi di l Zeland Incs
IE3D.
N c s dng rng ri trong thit kt MICs,
RFICs, anten di, anten dy v cc loi anten
RF/khng dy khc. N c th c s dng
tnh ton v v th cc thng s S11,
VSWR, phn phi dng cng nh pht x m
hnh.
n gin, cc gi tr chiu di, chiu rng
ca di v mt phng t c lm trn nh
sau L = 22 mm, W = 31 mm, Lg = 31 mm, Wg
= 40 mm.
th pht x mu
(Pattern)
M hnh mt chiu vi = 0 v = 90
th pht x mu
(Pattern)
khuych i ti a t c theo hng
ngang ( bn - broadside) v o c l
1.87 dBi cho c 2, = 0 v = 90 .
Pht x bu sng ph sau nh v o
c l -5.3 dBi cho th trn. Pht x
bu sng ph sau thp thun li cho vic
s dng anten ny vo trong in thoi di
ng, v n gim lng pht x in t ti
ngi s dng.
th pht x mu
(Pattern)
th pht x mu
(Pattern)
Khi anten vi di c thit k cho in
thoi di ng, n s c nh hng
trc Z song song vi b mt ca tri t.
Mt s thng s khc
Mt s tnh ton cc thng s khc nh
li, s nh hng, hiu sut anten,
rng bu sng anten 3dB ti 1.912 GHz
c a ra di y:
li = 1.8717 dBi
Hng tnh = 5.56 dBi
Hiu sut anten = 42.77 %
rng bu sng 3 dB = (106.85, 110.24)
.
KT LUN
Mc ch ca ti ny l thit k mt
anten vi di thu gn s dng trong cc thit
b khng dy/di ng.
Mt chic in thoi di ng in hnh c
kch thc khong 14.5cm v 4.5cm. Do
vic thit k anten phi lm cho ph hp
vi nhng chic in thoi .
Nh trnh by, mt anten vi di c
thit k vi tn s trung tm 1.91 Ghz.
KT LUN
Mt phng y c thit k khong 30
n 40mm v ln di l 22mm n
31mm. Do gn t trong mt in
thoi di ng thng thng.
th mu pht x t c nh yu
cu.
Gim pht x cng t c gip hn
ch pht x nng lng in t i vi
ngi s dng.
KT LUN
li 1.87 dBi v tin ti 5.56 dBi cng
t c.
Bng thng cho anten ny l 23.28 MHz
cho thit b cm tay trong di PCS bi v h
thng TDMA v GSM s dng knh 30
KHz.
KT LUN
V mt s hn ch v kin thc cng nh
thi gian nn phm vi ca ti cha c
m rng cng nh hin i. Mc tiu trong
tng lai l m rng cho thit k a di.
Mt s thit b hin i (smartphone,
tablet,) c ph cung cp nhiu ng dng
cho ngi dng. lm c iu ny
anten trong thit b phi c kh nng hot
ng nhiu tn s ring bit. V y cng
l iu m nhng nh thit k anten ang
thc hin.