7 OpAmp Khuyech Dai Va Ung Dung

Chng 7:
Page 1 of 34
MCH IN T
Chng 7
OP-AMP-KHUCH I V NG DNG
*********
1. Mc tiu
2. Kin thc c bn cn c khi hc chng ny.
3. Ti liu tham kho lin quan n chng.
4. Ni dung:
7.1 Vi sai tng hp.

7.2 Mch khuch i OP-AMP cn bn.
7.3 Mt s ng dng ca OP-AMP.
Bi tp cui chng.
5.
Vn nghin cu ca chng k tip.
7.1 VI SAI TNG HP:

7.1.1 Cc tng gia.
7.1.2 Tng cui.
7.1.3 Mt th d.
Mch vi sai trong thc t thng gm c nhiu tng (v c gi l mch vi sai
tng hp) vi mc ch.
- Tng khuch i AVS
- Gim khuch i tn hiu chung AC
Do tng h s l1.
- To ng ra n cc thun tin cho vic s dng cng nh ch to mch
khuch i cng sut. Thng ngi ta ch to mch vi sai tng hp di dng IC gi l IC
thut ton (op-amp _operational amplifier).
Ngi ta chia mt mch vi sai tng hp ra thnh 3 phn: Tng u, cc tng gia
v tng cui. Tng u l mch vi sai cn bn m ta kho st chng trc.
7.1.1 Cc tng gia:
Cc tng gia c th l vi sai hay n cc.
a/Mc ni tip vi sai vi vi sai:
file://D:\My Documents\My eBooks\Study\Cac bai giang ve KT mach dien tu-Viet Nam\C... 1/23/2000
Chng 7:
Page 2 of 34
l tng tr vo ca tng vi sai sau c th lm mt cn bng tng tr ra ca

tng vi sai trc. Tng sau khng cn dng ngun dng in.
b/ Mc vi sai ni tip vi n cc:
Ngi ta thng dng tng n cc :
- D s dng.
- D to mch cng sut.
Nhng mch n cc s lm pht sinh mt s vn mi:
- Lm mt cn bng tng vi sai, nn hai in tr RC ca tng vi sai i khi phi
c tr s khc nhau b tr cho s mt cn bng.
- Lm tng c AVS v AC nn (1 c th thay i, do ch nn dng tng n
cc ni c thnh phn chung tht nh (sau hai hoc ba tng vi sai)
Chng 7:
Page 3 of 34
7.1.2 Tng cui:

Phi tha mn cc iu kin:
- Cho mt tng tr ra tht nh.
- in th phn cc ti ng ra bng 0 volt khi hai ng vo 0 volt.
a/ iu kin v tng tr ra:
c tng tr ra nh, ngi ta thngdng mch cc thu chung.
tnh tng tr ra ta dng mch tng ng hnh 7.3b; Trong RS l tng tr

ra ca tng (n cc) ng trc.
b/ iu kin v in th phn cc:

V cc tng c mc trc tip vi nhau nn in th phn cc ng ra ca tng
cui c th khng 0 volt khi ng vo 0 volt. gii quyt ngi ta dng mch di chuyn
in th (Level shifting network) gm c: mt ngun dng in I v mt in tr R sao cho: E =
Chng 7:
Page 4 of 34
RI.
7.1.3 Mt v d:
Op-amp mpc 709 ca hng Fairchild.
T1, T2: Mch vi sai cn bn ng vo.
T3: Ngun dng in cho T1 v T2. in th phn cc ti cc nn ca T3 c
xc nh bi cu phn th gm T6 (mc thnh diode), in tr 480W v 2.4kW.
T4, T5: khng phi l vi sai v 2 chn E ni mass. T4 c nhim v n nh in
th ti im A cho T1 v T2.
Chng 7:
3.4k.
Page 5 of 34
T5: L tng n cc chuyn tip gia vi sai v tng cui.

T7: L mch cc thu chung u tin v T8 l mch di chuyn in th vi in tr
T9: L mch cc thu chung cng l tng cui t c tng tr ra nh.
7.2 MCH KHUCH I OP-AMP CN BN:

7.2.1 Mch khuch i o.
7.2.2 Mch khuch i khng o.
7.2.3 OP-AMP phn cc bng ngun n.
Trong chng ny, ta kho st op-amp trng thi l tng. Sau y l cc c
tnh ca mt op-amp l tng:
- li vng h A (open loop gain) bng v cc.
- Bng tn rng t 0Hz n v cc.
- Tng tr vo bng v cc.
- Tng tr ra bng 0.
- Cc h s l bng v cc.
Chng 7:
Page 6 of 34
- Khi ng vo 0 volt, ng ra lun 0 volt.

ng nhin mt op-amp thc t khng th t c cc trng thi l tng nh
trn.
T cc c tnh trn ta thy:

.
- Zi nn khng c dng in chy vo op-amp t cc ng vo.
- Z0 0W nn ng ra v0 khng b nh hng khi mc ti.
- V A rt ln nn phi dng op-amp vi hi tip m. Vi hi tip m, ta c hai
dng mch khuch i cn bn sau:
7.2.1 Mch khuch i o: (Inverting Amplifier)
Dng mch cn bn.
(7.2)
Chng 7:
Page 7 of 34
Nhn xt:
- Khi Zf v Zi l in tr thun th v0 v vi s lch pha 1800 (nn c gi l
mch khuch i o v ng vo ( - ) c gi l ng vo o).
- Zf ng vai tr mch hi tip m. Zf cng ln (hi tip m cng nh) khuch
i ca mch cng ln.
- Khi Zf v Zi l in tr thun th op-amp c tnh khuch i c in th mt
chiu.
7.2.2 Mch khuch i khng o: (Non_inverting Amplifier)
Dng mch cn bn.
Suy ra:
Nhn xt:
- Zf, Zi c th c bt k dng no.
- v0 v vi cng c th c bt k dng no.
- Khi Zf, Zi l in tr thun th ng ra v0 s c cng pha vi ng vo vi (nn
mch c gi l mch khuch i khng o v ng vo ( + ) c gi l ng vo khng o).
- Zf cng ng vai tr hi tip m. tng khuch i AV, ta c th tng Zf
hoc gim Zi.
- Mch khuch i c tn hiu mt chiu khi Zf v Zi l in tr thun. Mch
cng gi nguyn tnh cht khng o v c cng cng thc vi trng hp ca tn hiu xoay
chiu.
- Khi Zf=0, ta c: AV=1 v0=vi hoc Zi= ta cng c AV=1 v v0=vi (hnh
7.10). Lc ny mch c gi l mch voltage follower thng c dng lm mch m
(buffer) v c tng tr vo ln v tng tr ra nh nh mch cc thu chung BJT.
Chng 7:
Page 8 of 34
7.2.3 Op-amp phn cc bng ngun n:

Phn trn l cc c tnh v 2 mch khuch i cn bn c kho st khi op-amp
c phn cc bng ngun i xng. Thc t, tin trong thit k mch v s dng, khi khng
cn thit th op-amp c phn cc bng ngun n; Lc by gi chn ni vi ngun m -VCC
c ni mass.
Hai dng mch khuch i cn bn nh sau:
Ngi ta phi phn cc mt ng vo (thng l ng vo +) in th phn cc hai

ng vo lc ny l VCC /2 v in th phn cc ng ra cng l VCC /2. Hai in tr R phi
c chn kh ln trnh lm gim tng tr vo ca op-amp. Khi a tn hiu vo phi qua t
lin lc (C2 trong mch) khng lm lch in th phn cc. Nh vy, khi phn cc bng
ngun n, op-amp mt tnh cht khuch i tn hiu mt chiu. Trong hnh a, mch khuch i
o, C1 l t lc in th phn cc ng vo (+). Trong hnh b, mch khuch i khng o, C1
dng to hi tip xoay chiu cho mch v gi in th phn cc ng vo (-) l VCC /2.
khuch i ca mch vn khng i.
7.3 MT S NG DNG CA OP-AMP:
7.3.1 Mch lm ton.
7.3.2 Mch so snh.
7.3.3 Mch lc tch cc.
7.3.1Mch lm ton:
Chng 7:
Page 9 of 34
y l cc mch in t c bit trong s lin h gia in th ng vo v ng

ra l cc phng trnh ton hc n gin.
a/ Mch cng:
Tn hiu ng ra bng tng cc tn hiu ng vo nhng ngc pha.

Ta ch l vi l mt in th bt k c th l mt chiu hoc xoay chiu.
b/ Mch tr:
Ta c 2 cch to mch tr.
* Tr bng phng php i du:
tr mt s, ta cng vi s i ca s .
v2 u tin c lm o ri cng vi v1. Do theo mch ta c:
Nh vy tn hiu ng ra l hiu ca 2 tn hiu ng vo nhng i du.
Chng 7:
Page 10 of 34
* Tr bng mch vi sai:

Dng c bn
Thay tr s ca vm vo biu thc trn ta tm c:
c/ Mch tch phn:

Dng mch
Dng in ng vo:
* Hai vn thc t:
- iu kin ban u hay hng s tch phn:
Chng 7:
Page 11 of 34
Dng mch cn bn
s thp. Nh vy khi c Rf, mch ch c tnh tch phn khi tn s ca tn hiu f tha:
, Rf khng c qu ln v s hI tip m s yu.
d/ Mch vi phn:
Dng mch
Vn thc t: gim tp m.
Mch n gin nh trn t c dng trong thc t v c c tnh khuch i tp
m tn s cao, y l do li ca ton mchtng theo tn s. khc phc mt phn no,
ngi ta mc thm mt in tr ni tip vi t C ng vo nh hnh 7.19.
Chng 7:
Page 12 of 34
7.3.2 Mch so snh:

a/ in th ng ra bo ha:
Ta xem mch hnh 7.20
Trong A l li vng h ca op-amp. V A rt ln nn theo cng thc trn

v0 rt ln.
Khi Ed nh, v0 c xc nh. Khi Ed vt qu mt tr s no th v0 t n tr
s bo ha v c gi l VSat.. Tr s ca Ed ty thuc vo mi op-amp v c tr s vo khong
vi chc mV.
- Khi Ed m, mch o pha nn v0=-VSat
- Khi Ed dng, tc v1>v2 th v0=+VSat.
in th ng ra bo ha thng nh hn in th ngun t 1 volt n 2 volt.
l |+VSat| c th khc |-VSat|.
Nh vy ta thy in th Ed ti a l:
b/ Mch so snh mc 0: (tch mc zro)

* So snh mc zro khng o
Chng 7:
Page 13 of 34
* Mch so snh mc zro o:
Chng 7:
Page 14 of 34
c/Mch so snh vi 2 ng vo c in th bt k:
* So snh mc dng o v khng o:
- So snh mc dng khng o:
- So snh mc dng o:
* So snh mc m o v khng o:
Chng 7:
Page 15 of 34
- So snh mc m o:
d/ Mch s snh vi hi tip dng:

* Mch o:
Chng 7:
Page 16 of 34
tip dng nn v0 lun lun trng thi bo ha. Ty theo mc tn hiu vo m v0 giao hon
mt trong hai trng thi +VSat v -VSat.
Nu ta tng Ei t t, ta nhn thy:

Khi Ei<Vref th v0=+VSat
Khi Ei>Vref th v0=-VSat
Tr s ca Ei=Vref =b.(+VSat) lm cho mch bt u i trng thi c gi l im ny
trn (upper trigger point) hay im thm trn (upper threshold point).
VUTP=b.(+VSat)
(7.12)
By gi nu ta gim Ei t t, ch l lc ny v0=-VSat v Vref=(-VSat), ta thy khi
Ei<(-VSat) th v0 chuyn sang trng thi +VSat. Tr s ca Ei lc ny: Ei= Vref = (-VSat) c
gi l im ny di hay im thm di (lower trigger point-lower threshold point-VLTP). Nh
vy chu trnh trng thi ca mch nh hnh 7.34.
Ngi ta nh ngha:
VH=(Hysteresis)=VUTP-VLTP
VH=b{(+VSat)-(-VSat)]
(7.13)
Nu |+VSat|=|-VSat|VH=|2b.VSat|
Chng 7:
Page 17 of 34
* Mch khng o:
Dng mch
- By gi nu ta gim Ei (v0 ang l +VSat), khi VA bt u nh hn Vref=0v th

v0 i trng thi v bng -VSat. Tr s ca Ei lc ny gi l im ny di VLTP.
Tnh VUTP v VLTP
Chng 7:
Page 18 of 34
- Khi gim Ei t tr s dng dn xung, lc ny v0=+VSat nn:
e/ Mch so snh trong trng hp 2 ng vo c in th bt k vi hi tip

dng:
*Dng mch khng o:
Dng mch
Chng 7:
Page 19 of 34
Khi VA=Vref th mch i trng thi (v0 i thnh +VSat), tr s ca Ei lc ny gi l

im ny trn VUTP. T (7.17) ta tm c:
bng Vref th mch s i trng thi, tr s ca Ei lc ny gi l im ny di

VLTP. Tng t nh trn ta tm c:
nu |+Vsat|=|-VSat|
* Dng mch o:
Dng mch cn bn nh hnh 7.38
Chng 7:
Page 20 of 34
, cng l tr s ca VA, gi l im ny trn VUTP.
Nu ta gim Ei t t, n khi Ei=VA mch s i trng thi (v0= -VSat) v Ei=VA

lc c tr s l VLTP (im ny di).
7.3.3 Mch lc tch cc: (Active filter)

C 4 loi mch chnh:
- Mch lc h thng.
- Mch lc thng thng.
- Mch lc di thng.
- Mch lc loi tr (di trit).
a/ Mch lc h thng(Low pass Filter-LPF)
Chng 7:
Page 21 of 34
* Mch lc h thng cn bn:

Dng mch
Nu ta chn R2=R1 th |AV0|=1

p tuyn tn s dc -20dB/dec v khi tn s tng ln 10 ln th khuch i
gim i 10 ln tc -20dB. Ngi ta hay dng mch voltage follower lm mch lc nh hnh
7.41. y l mch khuch i khng o, nhng do khng c in tr ni mass ng vo (-)
nn li bng +1.
Chng 7:
Page 22 of 34
Ngi ta thng chn Rf=R gim dng offset.
* Mch lc h thng -40dB/dec:

Trong nhiu ng dng, ta cn phi gim nhanh li ca mch khi tn s vt
qu tn s ct, c ngha l dc ca bng tn phi ln hn na. l mc ch ca cc mch
lc bc cao.
Dng mch
Nu chn C2=2C1, ta c:
Chng 7:
Page 23 of 34
mch ny khuch i s gim i 40dB khi tn s tng ln 10 ln ( li gim i 100

ln khi tn s tng ln 10 ln).
* Mch lc h thng -60dB/dec:

t c dc hn na-gn vi l tng-ngi ta dng mch lc -20dB/dec
mc ni tip vi mch lc -40dB/dec c dc -60dB/dec ( li gim i 60dB khi tn s
tng ln 10 ln-gc pha ti tn s ct l -1350).
Dng mch cn bn nh hnh 7.44
Chng 7:
Page 24 of 34
Chng 7:
Page 25 of 34
b/ Mch lc thng thng (high-pass filter)

y l mt mch m li ca mch rt nh tn s thp cho n mt tn s
no (gi l tn s ct) th tn hiu mi qua c ht. Nh vy tc dng ca mch lc thng
thng ngc vi mch lc h thng.
* Mch lc thng thng 20dB/dec:
Dng mch nh hnh 7.46
y l mch voltage follower nn AV=1. Do in th ng ra v0 bng vi in th
2 u in tr R nn:
Chng 7:
Page 26 of 34
Khi tn s cao, tng tr ca t in khng ng k nn AV0=v0/vi=1. Khi tn s

gim dn, n lc no li bt u gim. Tn s m ti li gim cn 0.707 AV0 gi l
tn s ct. Lc ta c:
Ta cng c th dng mch nh hnh 7.48
Chng 7:
Page 27 of 34
* Mch lc thng thng 40dB/dec:

Dng mch
Do l mch voltage follower nn in th 2 u R1 chnh l v0. Ta c:
Chng 7:
Page 28 of 34
* Mch lc thng thng 60dB/dec

Ngi ta dng 2 mch 40dB/dec v 20dB/dec ni tip nhau t c dc
60dB/dec.
Chng 7:
Page 29 of 34
Chn C1=C2=C3=C;
Ti tn s ct:
c/ Mch lc di thng: (band pass filter)

Chng 7:
Page 30 of 34
y l mt mch m ng ra ch c mt di tn gii hn no trong ton b

di tn ca tn hiu a vo ng vo.
Vi mch ny in th ng ra v0max t n tr s ti a mt tn s no gi
l tn s cng hng wr. Khi tn s khc vi tn s cng hng, khuch i gim dn. Tn s
thp hn wr lm li gim i cn 0.707v0max gi l tn s ngt thp wL v tn s cao hn wr
lm li gim cn 0.707v0max gi l tn s ngt cao wh.
Bng thng c nh ngha:
B=wH - wL
Khi B<0.1wr mch c gi l lc di thng bng tn hp hay mch lc cng
hng. Khi B>0.1wr c gi l mch lc di thng bng tn rng.
* Mch lc di thng bng tn hp

Dng mch
Chng 7:
Page 31 of 34
Ti tn s cng hng wr:
T phng trnh (a) ta tm c:
Chng 7:
Page 32 of 34
* Mch lc di thng bng tn rng

Thng thng c mt mch di thng bng tn rng, ngi ta dng hai
mch lc h thng v thng thng mc ni tip nhau nhng phi tha mn iu kin tn s ct
w2 ca mch lc h thng phi ln hn tn s ct w1 ca mch lc thng thng.
Chng 7:
Page 33 of 34
Ta tm c 2 tn s ct l:
Phi chn R1, R2, C1, C2 sao cho w1 < w2.

d/Mch lc loi tr: (di trit-Notch Filter)
y l mch dng lc b mt di tn s no trong ton b di tn. Mch
thng c dng lc b cc nhiu do mt b phn no trong mch to ra th d nh tn
s 50Hz, 60Hz hay 400Hz ca mt.
C rt nhiu dng mch lc di trit, thng dng nht l mc 2 mch h thng v
thng thng song song vi nhau hoc c th dng mch nh hnh 7.58.
Chng 7:
Page 34 of 34
Ging vin: Trng Vn Tm

7 OpAmp Khuyech Dai Va Ung Dung

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

7 OpAmp Khuyech Dai Va Ung Dung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chng 7:

7.1 Vi sai tng hp.

Vn nghin cu ca chng k tip.

7.1 VI SAI TNG HP:

l tng tr vo ca tng vi sai sau c th lm mt cn bng tng tr ra ca

7.1.2 Tng cui:

tnh tng tr ra ta dng mch tng ng hnh 7.3b; Trong RS l tng tr

b/ iu kin v in th phn cc:

T5: L tng n cc chuyn tip gia vi sai v tng cui.

7.2 MCH KHUCH I OP-AMP CN BN:

- Khi ng vo 0 volt, ng ra lun 0 volt.

T cc c tnh trn ta thy:

7.2.3 Op-amp phn cc bng ngun n:

Ngi ta phi phn cc mt ng vo (thng l ng vo +) in th phn cc hai

y l cc mch in t c bit trong s lin h gia in th ng vo v ng

Tn hiu ng ra bng tng cc tn hiu ng vo nhng ngc pha.

v2 u tin c lm o ri cng vi v1. Do theo mch ta c:

Nh vy tn hiu ng ra l hiu ca 2 tn hiu ng vo nhng i du.

* Tr bng mch vi sai:

Thay tr s ca vm vo biu thc trn ta tm c:

c/ Mch tch phn:

7.3.2 Mch so snh:

Trong A l li vng h ca op-amp. V A rt ln nn theo cng thc trn

b/ Mch so snh mc 0: (tch mc zro)

* Mch so snh mc zro o:

d/ Mch s snh vi hi tip dng:

Nu ta tng Ei t t, ta nhn thy:

- By gi nu ta gim Ei (v0 ang l +VSat), khi VA bt u nh hn Vref=0v th

Tnh VUTP v VLTP

- Khi gim Ei t tr s dng dn xung, lc ny v0=+VSat nn:

e/ Mch so snh trong trng hp 2 ng vo c in th bt k vi hi tip

Khi VA=Vref th mch i trng thi (v0 i thnh +VSat), tr s ca Ei lc ny gi l

bng Vref th mch s i trng thi, tr s ca Ei lc ny gi l im ny di

, cng l tr s ca VA, gi l im ny trn VUTP.

Nu ta gim Ei t t, n khi Ei=VA mch s i trng thi (v0= -VSat) v Ei=VA

7.3.3 Mch lc tch cc: (Active filter)

* Mch lc h thng cn bn:

Nu ta chn R2=R1 th |AV0|=1

Ngi ta thng chn Rf=R gim dng offset.

* Mch lc h thng -40dB/dec:

mch ny khuch i s gim i 40dB khi tn s tng ln 10 ln ( li gim i 100

* Mch lc h thng -60dB/dec:

b/ Mch lc thng thng (high-pass filter)

Khi tn s cao, tng tr ca t in khng ng k nn AV0=v0/vi=1. Khi tn s

Ta cng c th dng mch nh hnh 7.48

* Mch lc thng thng 40dB/dec:

Do l mch voltage follower nn in th 2 u R1 chnh l v0. Ta c:

* Mch lc thng thng 60dB/dec

c/ Mch lc di thng: (band pass filter)

y l mt mch m ng ra ch c mt di tn gii hn no trong ton b

* Mch lc di thng bng tn hp

Ti tn s cng hng wr:

T phng trnh (a) ta tm c:

* Mch lc di thng bng tn rng

Phi chn R1, R2, C1, C2 sao cho w1 < w2.

Ging vin: Trng Vn Tm

You might also like