TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9486:2013
PHN BN - PHNG PHP LY MU
Fertilizers - Methods for sampling
Li ni u
TCVN 9486:2013 c chuyn i t 10TCN 301-2005 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP
ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 9486:2013 do Vin Quy hoch v Thit k Nng nghip bin son, B Nng nghip v
Pht trin Nng thn ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa
hc v Cng ngh cng b.
PHN BN - PHNG PHP LY MU
Fertilizers - Methods for sampling
1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php ly mu phn bn dng rn v dng lng.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho ly mu phn tch vi sinh vt.
2 Thut ng, nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny p dng mt s thut ng, nh ngha sau.
2.1
L phn bn (lot)
Lng phn bn ca cng mt n v c sn xut hoc nhp khu cng mt thi gian, c
cng mt mc cht lng, cng mt loi bao b, giao nhn cng mt lc, cng mt giy chng
nhn cht lng v khi lng khng ln hn 500 tn.
2.2
n v bao gi (packaged unit)
n v ng gi nh nht trong mt l hng.
2.3
Mu ban u (single sample)
Mu n
Mu ly trn mt n v bao gi hay mt v tr ca sn phm ng bao gi hoc ri, thuc
phm vi mt l phn bn (2.1).
2.4
Mu chung (bulk sample)
Lng phn bn thu c bng cch gp li v trn u cc mu ban u (2.3) thuc phm vi
mt l phn bn xc nh (2.1).
2.5
Mu th nghim (laboratory sample)

Lng phn bn c ly t mu chung (2.3), a n phng th nghim phn tch.

3 Yu cu chung
3.1 Vic ly mu phi c thc hin bi ngi ly mu phi c chng ch o to v c i
din ca bn c ly mu. Khi cn thit c s gim st ca bn th ba.
3.2 Mu c ly phi i din cho c l phn bn.
3.3 Khng ly mu cc bao gi b rch, b t, b bin dng. Trong qu trnh ly mu v vn
chuyn mu, phi m bo trnh b tc ng ca cc tc nhn t bn ngoi, gi mu c
nguyn trng nh lc ban u cho ti khi em n phng th nghim.
4 Dng c ly mu, ng mu
4.1 Yu cu chung
Ty thuc vo loi phn bn, s dng cc loi dng c ly mu, ng mu khc nhau cho ph
hp.
Cc dng c ly mu phi c lm bng vt liu khng nh hng n cht lng phn bn
(thng c lm bng polyme, thy tinh hoc kim loi khng g, inox, compozit ).
4.2 Cc dng c ly mu, chia mu, ng mu thng dng (xem ti Ph lc A)
4.2.1 ng xm
ng xm l ng hnh tr c cc kch c khc nhau ty thuc vo kch thc n v bao gi ca l
phn bn, dng ly cc loi phn bn dng rn (ht, vin, bt) c ng trong bao hoc
trong ng ng xm phi c di xuyn ht ng knh bao phn bn hoc su
ca ng sn phm. ng knh rnh ng thm t nht phi ln hn 3 ln ng knh ht hoc
vin sn phm. ng ly mu lm bng hp kim khng g nh inox, compozit
4.2.2 L ly mu
L ly mu s dng khi tin hnh ly mu nhng l phn bn dng lng cha ng chai hoc
trong tc, thng phuy L ly mu c dung tch 500 mL. L c ming gang nng 700 g khi
th l ly mu t chm xung theo chiu dc ca thng ng phn bn. L ly mu thng c
cht liu bng thy tinh, compozit, hp kim khng g
4.2.3 Dng c chia mu
Xng, dng c chia mu c hc hoc dng c chia mu ngu nhin loi t ng.
4.2.4 Dng c ng mu
4.2.4.1 i vi cc loi phn bn dng rn: ng mu trong bao b lm bng nylon, giy chng
m
4.2.4.2 i vi phn bn dng lng: ng mu trong chai nha, chai thy tinh
5 Phng php ly mu
5.1 Xc nh s mu ban u ti thiu
5.1.1 i vi l phn bn dng rn
5.1.1.1 Trng hp phn bn c cha trong bao gi c khi lng khng vt qu 50 kg: S
bao gi cn ly c tnh theo cng thc:
A=3x

trong N l tng s bao gi trong mt l phn bn v c phn nhm theo qui nh Bng 1.
Mi bao gi c ly mt mu ban u.
Bng 1 - S bao phn bn cn ly
Tng s bao gi trong

S bao gi c

Tng s bao gi trong

S bao gi

mt l phn bn (N)

ly mu

mt l phn bn (N)

c ly mu

1 - 10

Ly tng bao

182 - 216

18

11 - 49

11

217 - 254

19

50 - 64

12

254 - 296

20

65 - 81

13

297 - 343

21

82 - 101

14

344 - 394

22

102 - 125

15

394 - 450

23

126 - 151

16

451 - 512

24

152 - 181

17

5.1.1.2 Trng hp phn bn c cha trong cc n v bao gi v xp trong cc bao, thng

hoc hp carton: p dng qui trnh ly mu cc bao gi theo quy nh ti 5.1.1.1 xc nh s
lng bao, thng hoc hp carton c ly. Nu tng s bao, thng hoc hp carton ca l phn
bn khng vt qu 1000 th mi bao, thng, hp carton c ly mu ch ly ra mt n v bao
gi lm mu ban u.
5.1.1.3 Trng hp phn bn ri
S mu ban u ti thiu ca l phn bn c ly tnh theo cng thc:
A=

M
[ lm trn v s nguyn]
2

trong
A S mu ban u cn ly;
M Khi lng ca l phn bn, tnh bng tn.
Xem v d Bng 2.
Trng hp nu cn nhiu s mu ban u hn c c mu trung bnh ca l phn bn, th
phi ly nhiu hn. Cc mu ban u phi c ly ngu nhin t cc v tr khc nhau trong l
phn bn.
Bng 2 - S mu ban u i vi l phn bn dng rn ri
Khi lng (Tn)

Cn bc hai

S lng mu ban u

100

10

200

14.2

300

17.3

400

20

10

500

22.4

12

5.1.2 i vi l phn bn dng lng

5.1.2.1 Trng hp phn bn c cha trong thng, can, phuy c khi lng khng vt qu
50 L hoc 50 kg: p dng nh 5.1.1.1.
5.1.2.2 Trng hp phn bn c cha trong n v bao gi (chai, bao trng km) v c
cha trong thng hoc hp carton: p dng nh 5.1.1.2.
5.1.2.3 Trng hp phn bn c cha thng, phuy c khi lng ln hn 50 L
S mu ban u c ly tnh theo cng thc:

V
[ lm trn v s nguyn]
2

A=

trong
A s mu ban u cn ly;
V Th tch dung dch ca thng phn bn, tnh bng mt khi.
Xem v d Bng 3.
Bng 3 - S mu ban u i vi l phn bn dng lng
Th tch l phn bn, m3

Cn bc hai

S lng mu ban u

100

10

200

14.2

300

17.3

400

20

10

500

22.4

12

5.2 Xc nh v tr ly mu ban u
5.2.1 Phn bn cha trong bao, thng, hp carton: Cc mu ban u c ly phn b ngu
nhin cc v tr trn, gia, di, trong v ngoi ca l phn bn.
5.2.2 Phn bn ri: San phng b mt ng, ly cc mu ban u theo phng thng ng
ti 3 v tr gia v 4 gc, khp su ca ng phn bn.
5.2.3 Phn bn lng cha trong can, thng phuy: Mu ban u phi c ly dc theo chiu su
ca thng phn bn, ly ba v tr gia v xung quanh ca thng.
5.2.4 V tr ly mu ban u ph thuc vo din tch, hnh dng l phn bn, xem ti Ph lc B.
5.3 Xc nh c mu th nghim ti thiu
C mu th nghim ti thiu khng nh hn 500 g hoc 500 mL.
5.4 Xc nh c mu ban u ti thiu
Khi lng mi mu ban u ti thiu ty thuc vo c mu th nghim ti thiu, s mu ban
u cn ly v s ln gin lc c tnh theo cng thc:

A
2k 3
a

trong
m l c mu ban u ti thiu cn ly (n v gam hoc mililit);
A l c mu th nghim ti thiu (n v gam hoc mililit);
a l s mu ban u cn ly;
k l s ln gin lc mu;
3 l h s (trong trng hp mu chung c chia lm 3 mu gm mu th nghim, mu lu ti
c s v mu ngi ly mu hoc c quan qun l lu).
CH THCH 1: Khi lng mu ban u ti thiu khng c nh hn 100 g i vi dng rn v
khng nh hn 100 mL i vi dng lng (trng hp n v bao gi c khi lng sn phm
nh hn 100 g hoc 100 mL th ly nguyn bao gi sn phm lm mu ban u).
5.5 Xc nh mu chung

c gp, trn hoc lc u tt c cc mu ban u ca mt l phn bn.

5.6 Xc nh mu th nghim
5.6.1 i vi phn bn dng rn: Trn u mu chung, dn thnh lp phng, chia cho thnh
bn phn, ly hai phn i din, lm nhiu ln n khi mu trung bnh c khong trn 1,5 kg
(xem ti Ph lc C), mu trung bnh chia u lm ba phn, cho mi phn vo mt ti ng mu,
buc kn ghi nhn mc, m s v nim phong. Mt ti lu ti c s ly mu, mt ti ngi ly
mu hoc c quan qun l lu, mt ti chuyn n phng th nghim.
5.6.2 i vi phn bn dng lng: mu chung c lc u, ly khong 1,5 L, chia lm ba phn
cho vo ba bnh ng mu, y kn, ghi nhn mc, m s v nim phong. Mt bnh lm mu lu
ti c s ly mu, mt bnh ngi ly mu lu li, mt bnh chuyn n phng th nghim.
CH THCH 2: Trng hp mu ban u l cc n v bao gi c khi lng sn phm nh hn
100 g hoc 100 mL th ly ngu nhin s lng n v bao gi bo m khi lng mu th
nghim theo quy nh ti 5.3.
6 Bao gi, ghi nhn, bin bn ly mu, bin bn bn giao mu v bo qun mu
6.1 Bao gi mu
Mu th nghim phi c ng trong bao gi ph hp, khng c lm sai lch kt qu ca
php th nghim.
Mu dng xc nh m hoc cc th nghim khc cn trnh s hao ht ca cc cht bay
hi, phi c ng trong bao gi cch m v c bo qun trong iu kin thch hp, chng
hao ht do bay hi.
Bao gi ng mu v cc dng c cha mu khc phi c ngi ly mu ng du hoc
dng k hiu nim phong.
6.2 Nhn ca mu
Thng tin vit trn nhn hoc vit trc tip trn bao ng mu phi khng ty xa c; du s
dng khng c thi nhim vo mu v lm thay i bn cht ca mu.
Thng tin trn nhn phi c ghi y cc ni dung bt buc sau: M s mu, tn c s ly
mu, tn phn bn, s hiu l hng, ngy thng nm sn xut, a im ly mu v ngy thng
nm ly mu, h tn v ch k ngi ly mu.
6.3 Bin bn ly mu (xem ti Ph lc D)
6.4 Bin bn bn giao mu (xem ti Ph lc E)
6.5 Bo qun mu
Khng c lm thay i thnh phn v hm lng cc cht cn phn tch trong qu trnh ly
mu, vn chuyn, bo qun v lu gi mu.
Bo qun, lu gi mu ni kh, thong, mt v sch s.
Thi gian, nhit bo qun lu gi mu ty thuc loi mu v yu cu phn tch cht lng.
Nhn mc ghi trn bao ti ng mu khng c phai m trong qu trnh vn chuyn cng nh
trong thi gian bo qun, lu gi mu.
7 Bo co ly mu
Bo co ly mu bao gm nhng thng tin sau:
a) Vin dn tiu chun ny
b) c im nhn dng mu
c) Mi thao tc khng quy nh trong tiu chun ny, hoc c coi l ty chn v cc yu t c
th nh hng n kt qu th nghim.

Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Mt s hnh nh dng c ly mu
A.1 ng xm mu phn bn

A.2 L ly mu phn bn lng (L missouri)

Ph lc B
(Tham kho)
V tr ly mu phn bn
B.1 Chn v tr ly mu trong toa xe

B.2 Chn v tr ly mu trong ng

B.3 Chn v tr ly mu trong b

B.4 Chn v tr ly mu trong bao ng phn bn

Ph lc C
(Tham kho)
Cch chia mu theo phng php ng cho
- Trn u mu.
- Ri mu thnh mt lp mng hnh vung trn tm nha.
- Vch 2 ng cho ca hnh vung, chia thnh 4 hnh tam gic.
- Ly mu 2 tam gic i nh, loi b mu hai tam gic kia.
- Trn u phn mu ly c.
- Tip tc lm nh trn nhiu ln cho n khi khi lng mu ly c bng khi lng mu cn
thit theo quy nh.
Phng php chia u ly mu trung bnh

Ph lc D
(Tham kho)
Bin bn ly mu phn bn

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
--------------, ngy

thng

nm 20

BIN BN LY MU PHN BN
1. H v tn ngi ly mu:
M s ch nh hoc chng ch o to:
n v ch qun:
2. i din on kim tra (nu c):
H v tn Chc v: .
H v tn . Chc v: .
3. i din c s ly mu:
H v tn Chc v: .
H v tn . Chc v: .
4. a im ly mu:
5. Thi gian ly mu:

Hi . gi Ngy . thng . nm 20

6. L do ly mu: .
7. Phng php ly mu:

(TCVN, AOAC )

(Thng tin v tiu chun cng b p dng i vi ly mu phn bn, ghi r tn tng phn bn
c ly mu v cc ch tiu cht lng c cng b p dng)
8. Thng tin v cc mu:
STT

Tn phn
bn

n v
sn xut

M hiu
l

Khi
lng l
(tn, m3)

S
lng
bao gi

Khi
lng
mu
(kg/mL)

M s
hoc k
hiu
mu

Ghi
ch

9. S mu gi phng phn tch v ch tiu phn tch (ghi r s lng, m s v ch tiu phn tch
ca tng mu):
10. S mu lu ti c s ly mu (ghi r s lng v m s tng mu lu):
Bin bn c thng qua trc khi k. Bin bn ny lp thnh 02 bn, mi bn gi mt 01
bn, c gi tr nh nhau./.
i din on

Ch c s ly mu

Ngi ly mu

(k, ghi r h tn, ng du)

(k, ghi r h tn, ng du)

(k, ghi r h tn)

Ph lc E
(Tham kho)
Bin bn giao nhn mu phn bn

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
--------------, ngy

thng

nm

BIN BN GIAO NHN MU PHN BN

Hm nay, ngy . thng nm ..
ti
Bn giao mu phn bn: .
i din:
Bn nhn mu phn bn: ..
tin hnh giao nhn mu phn bn phn tch cht lng, vi s lng, m s cc loi
phn bn v yu cu phn tch nh sau:
Tng s mu phn tch l: . mu. K hiu mu do bn a mu lp.
Loi mu: Mu phn bn dng (lng, rn):
Ch tiu phn tch
S
Mu

K
hiu
mu

VSV
C
nh
N

VSV
phn
gii
ln

VSV
phn
gii
cellulos

Tng
s ch
tiu

P2O5
hh

K2O
hh

NA1

NA2

PP
phn
tch

TC
VN

TC
VN

TC
VN

TC
VN

TCN

i din bn nhn mu

TC
VN

TC
VN

TCVN

i din bn giao mu
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] TCVN 5451: 2008 (ISO 13690: 1999) Ng cc, u v sn phm nghin - Ly mu t khi
hng tnh.
[2] TCVN 6663 - 13 : 2000 (ISO 5667-13:1997) Cht lng nc - Ly mu - Phn 13: Hng
dn ly mu bn nc, bn nc thi v bn lin quan.
[3] GB 10205 - 2001 Monoammonium phosphate and diammonium photphate.