Growth:

After the formation of nuclei, growth occurs as atoms are attached

to the solid surface.
It depends on the removal of heat during solidification.
a) Specific heat of the liquid:
- It is the heat required to change the temperature of a unit weight of
the material by one degree.
- It must be removed either by radiation or conduction, until the
liquid cools to the freezing temperature.
b) Latent heat of fusion
It represents the energy that evolved as the disordered liquid
structure transforms to a more stable crystal structure.

Types of growth mechanisms:

The difference between the two types of growth mechanisms arises
because of the different sinks for the latent heat.
1) Planar Growth
It occurs by the movement of smooth solid-liquid interface into the
Liquid, where the container or mold must absorb the heat.

2) Dendritic Growth:
When nucleation is poor, the liquid undercools to a temperature below
the freezing temperature before the solids forms. The undercooled
liquid absorbs the heat.

 Under this condition, a small solid protuberance (dendrite) forms at the

interface.
Secondary and tertiary dendrite arms can also form on the primary
stalks to speed the evolution of the latent heat.
In pure metals, dendritic growth normally represents only a small
fraction of the total growth.

Dendritic .. fraction f

cT
H f

c=specific heat of the liquid, T = heat that the undercooled liquid can absorb
Hf = latent heat represents the total heat that must be given up during
solidification.
As the undercooling T increases, more dendritic growth occurs.

Q76) Calculate the fraction of growth that occurs dendritically in copper

which (a) nucleates homogeneously and (b) nucleates heterogeneously with
100C undercooling. Where latent heat of fusion for copper is
1628x10 6 J/m3, specific heat is 4.4x106 J/m3, undercooling for homogeneous
nucleation is 2360C
:Solution
(a) For homogeneous nucleation

cT (4.4 x10 6 )(236)

f

0.638
6
H f
1628 x10
(b) For 100 C undercooling

cT (4.4 x10 6 )(10)

f

0.027
H f
1628 x10 6