Presenters: Linhai He, George Cherian

m2m is at the cusp of a major growth

spurtlike wireless data in 1997 and
Smartphones in 2006

6/19/2013

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Slide 2

How is cdma2000 (1x, HRPD) being used for

m2m today ?

m2m what really matters ?

How do we enable explosive growth in m2m

with 3GPP2 technology ?

Air-Interface Enhancements

Network Evolution

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Slide 3

Remote Patient Monitoring and

Health Care
The success of CardioNets solution has driven a host
of other remote patient monitoring solution providers
into the market

Digital Payment Technologies

Many parking operators report a very short cycle for
return on their investment typically 12-15 months

Consumer Telematics
DriveCam has helped save lives & reduce teen
driving collisions by 70%
Reduced Truck Rolls
On average, the SmartTrash system saves
customers between 25 to 70% on waste
management costs

Sea transport & shipping

Companies need costal coverage with an
increasing demand for high data speed
Fishing, Passenger, Leisure, Freight

Remotely Monitor Dispersed Assets

Re-moving the need to send personnel to checkup on
distant assets and infrastructure
Logging, Mining, Oil & Gas Reporting

HRPD/1x

E-Readers
Eliminate ~50% of publishers
operational expenditures.
Smart Grid
Tatas CDMA2000 solution downloads data
in 6-8 hours, previous solution took 4-5 days
to make the same data available

People and Asset Monitoring

800k children go missing in the US each year, over 5M elderly
adults are suffering from Alzheimers/dementia
Track high-value mobile assets including bank bags, laptops,
vehicles & retail goods whether they are indoors, outdoors,
traveling or at a fixed location.
Source: www.cdg.org

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Slide 4

Lower power consumption + excellent coverage

Increases in total addressable market (TAM)
Reduces cost for a target battery life

Higher connection capacity

Enables operators to support more direct cellular

m2m nodes with a given amount of network resource

Solution cost
Module cost is just a component;
Network + Service + Maintenance cost are critical
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Slide 5

Promote use of existing technologies (and

leverage coverage + network)

Enhance the air-interface to improve battery

life and connection capacity

Evolve network architecture

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Slide 6

Battery Life
Congestion and Overload Control
Efficient handling of infrequent data transfers
m2m server and network control of m2m client
Fast re-authentication

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Slide 7

Communication w/ m2m devices without an IP address

An external m2m device identifier
Group addressing, communication, and billing
Efficient test and certification processes

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Slide 8

6/19/2013

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1x air-interface is optimized for low-rate

(voice, data) communications and 1x
deployments (at 800MHz or below) have
excellent coverage

Most m2m apps are characterized by

low-rate data and require good link
budget

1x offers a cost-effective solution to meet

the needs of a large portion of m2m
applications

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Slide 10

Lower network cost + Higher network

capacity + Improved module battery
life enables 3GPP2 operators to
aggressively promote use of m2m AND
target new market segments

Operators can leverage existing

networks and maximize ROI by using
1x for m2m

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Slide 11

6/19/2013

Excellent
coverage
No interference
from unlicensed
usage

3GPP2 Technology Webinar

Limitations

Benefits

Characteristics

450, 800900MHz bands

Licensed
spectrum
Widely
deployed for
voice
communications
Mature
Networks

Not designed
for m2m

Slide 12

Simple app: 1x, m2m module uploads report (200

bytes) daily

Power
UP

1.28
sec

1-1.5
sec

2
sec

0.2
sec

10
sec

Overhead
Read

Call Setup

PPP Setup

Data
Transfer

Wait for Network Dormancy

6 msgs

15 msgs
900B

200
B

Device
OFF

Power
UP

0.8
sec

0.06
sec

Call
Setup

Data
Xfer

2
msgs

Device
OFF

6/19/2013

0.5
sec

Data-driven
dormancy

Power
DOWN
Device
OFF

0.5
sec
Idle
State

Power
Power
Down
DOWN
Registration
Device
OFF

Using Traffic Channel

(Baseline)

Using Traffic Channel

(1x Rev. F)
Figure not to scale

3GPP2 Technology Webinar

Slide 13

Simple app: 1x, m2m module uploads report

(200 bytes) daily
Power
UP

1.28
sec

1-1.5
sec

2
sec

0.2
sec

10
sec

Overhead
Read

Call Setup

PPP Setup

Data
Transfer

Wait for Network Dormancy

6 msgs

15 msgs
900B

200
B

Device
OFF

0.5
sec
Idle
State

Power
Power
Down
DOWN
Registration
Device
OFF

Using Traffic Channel

(Baseline)

0.06
sec
Power
UP
Device
OFF

Data
Xfer

Power
DOWN
Device
OFF

6/19/2013

Using Access Channel

(1x Rev. F)

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Figure not to scale

Slide 14

The 1x air-interface is amenable to simple

changes that enable an extremely
efficient air-interface for m2m

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Slide 15

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16

Enhancement

Primary Benefit

Set Network Dormancy Timer for Data Service

Options to a smaller value (e.g., 4 seconds)

i.
ii.

Device Battery Life

Network Capacity

Increase # of RACH channels (up to 6)

i.

Access Capacity

6/19/2013

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Slide 17

Enhancement

Primary Benefit

Device-Driven Dormancy

i.
ii.

Battery Life
Network Capacity

Network-friendly application development

i. Minimize data transferred (e.g., update location for a
tracking application only when the location changes)
ii. Avoid application layer ACKs (where possible)

i.
ii.

Battery Life
Network Capacity

6/19/2013

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Slide 18

Enhancement

Spec

Primary Benefit

Increase PPP inactivity timer (for m2m devices)

Ignore power down registration (from powersensitive m2m devices)

i.
ii.

Device Battery Life

Network Signaling
Load

Hierarchical Paging (1st page to last active set) +

Direct Channel Assignment (over F-PCH)

i.
ii.

Paging Capacity
Device Battery Life

Joint R-FCH and R-SCH request + assignment at

connection setup

i.
ii.

Device Battery Life

Network Signaling
Load

Smart Blanking for data service option

i.
ii.

Device Battery Life

RL capacity

6/19/2013

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Slide 19

m2m solutions have a much longer life-span

than the typical voice/data devices and the
proposed solutions will open new market
opportunities in the m2m space

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Slide 20

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21

Battery Life Improvement

0dBm Tx

20dBm Tx

Implementation only
uses shorter preamble
with R-ACH (reverse
access channel)

Implementation + Stds

13
11
9
7
5
3

Data over signaling w/

38.4k R-EACH (enhanced

R-ACH) @ 0dBm
Connection w/ R-FCH
(reverse fundamental
channel) @ 20dBm
6/19/2013

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Slide 22

Connection Capacity Increase

7
6
5
4

Device-Driven
Dormancy gains
require application
developers to use the
available modem API

3
2
1
Device-only
6/19/2013

Complete
Proposal
3GPP2 Technology Webinar

Slide 23

# of nodes/sector/1.25MHz

60000

40000

RL Capacity defined at
RoT(rise over thermal)
> 10dB, 1% of the time

30000

Similar relative gains are

48000

50000

20000
10000

16000

observed at RoT > 7dB,

1% of the time

4800

6/19/2013

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Slide 24

6/19/2013

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25

M2M
Application

M2M
Application

M2M
Application

M2M
Server
3GPP2 Operator
Boundary

3GPP2
Network

( A)
Direct Communication
Under 3GPP2 Operator Control

6/19/2013

M2M
Server

3GPP2
Network

Direct Model
M2M
Device

3GPP2 Operator
Boundary

3GPP2 Operator
Boundary

3GPP2
Network
Indirect Model

Indirect Model
M2M
Device

M2M
Device

( C)

( B)
M2M Service Provider
Controlled Communicaiton

3GPP2 Operator Controlled

Communication

3GPP2 Technology Webinar

Slide 26

Can support 1x-RevF air-interface without any

network architecture changes

Required Configurations
Disable PPP session timer
Configure a long PPP session inactivity timer
Maintain PPP session through power-down

registration

Device and RAN keep radio session

RAN keeps A10 so that PPP is maintained in the PDSN
6/19/2013

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Slide 27

USSD-GW

1xCS USSD
1xCS SMS

MSC/
MSCe

MC

USSD
SMS
USSD

M3

M2

HLR/AC

2
SMS

AAA

M2M-IWF
M2Msp

M1
IP

M2M
Application

RAN

UE

Control plane
User plane

6/19/2013

IP

M2M
Server

HA/LMA

PDSN
HRPD
or 1x

IP

IP

A10/A11

M2M
Application

API

M2M
User

2
Indirect Model

IP

Direct Model

IP

Hybrid Model

2
3GPP2 Technology Webinar

Slide 28

M2M-IWF, the interface to the M2M operators system, hides

3GPP2 network topology and details
Shares common interface between IWF and M2M/MTC server

Allow both CS and PS device trigger for handling infrequent Data

Transmissions
CS trigger via SMS, USSD, etc.
PS trigger via IP interface
AAA/HLR may store mapping between external ID and internal ID

IETF ERP (EAP Extensions for EAP-Re-authentication Protocol)

based Fast Re-authentication
Speed up the data connection without requiring the PDSN to keep

MSs state

6/19/2013

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Slide 29

Thank You!

For more information, please visit http://www.3gpp2.org.

LINKS
About 3GPP2
Partners
Members
Committees
Specifications
Procedures
News/Events
Contact us
How to join
Related Links
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Slide 30

cdma2000 is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain

specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2.
Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000 is a
registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIAUSA) in the United States.

6/19/2013

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Slide 32

m2m numbering
recommendations
(SC.R4005)

Enhanced m2m
network
specifications

m2m study
report
6/19/2013

1x-RevF
(Enhanced AirInterface for m2m)

m2m system
requirements
3GPP2 Technology Webinar

Slide 33