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1. Thi cng cu thp

1.1. Ch to cu Thp
1. 2. Thi cng KC nhp cu thp
1.3. Tnh ton cc cng trnh tm phc v xy
dng cu thp

1.1. Ch to cu thp

Cc dng thp c bn

Thp tm:
tm: d
di 4,54,5-8m; r
rng 1,51,5-2,2m, thay i
i
chiu r
rng 0,10,1-0,2m; d
dy c th
th ln n 100mm.
Thp tm r
rng v
vn n
nng:
ng: d
di 55-18m, r
rng 1,51,5-2,2m
Cc lo
loi thp h
hnh:
nh: U, I, L..
Cc lo
loi thp tr
trn: inh t
tn, bu l
lng,con l
ln...
...
Tham kh
kho theo c
cc s
sn ph
phm c
ca nh
nh SX.
T c
cc lo
loi thp n
ny Cu thp

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1.1. Ch to cu thp

Cc bn v do c quan thit k c chuyn

n nh my.
Nh my:

Tri
Trin khai c
cc b
bn v
v chi tit, c
cc b
bn v
v cng
ngh
ngh, (tr
(trnh t
t gia c
cng chi tit, c
cc thit b ch t
to
c th
th, thit k c
cc thit b g
g lp v
v trang b cho
vi
vic ch t
to...)
Cc chi tit chu
chun b xong c
c chuy
chuyn sang
cc ph
ng l
phn x
xng
lp r
rp.
Chuy
ng l
Chuyn m
mn ho
ho trong c
cc ph
phn x
xng
lp r
rp:
b ph
phn ly du, h
hn, t
tn, ch t
to c
cc thanh,...
3

Nn thp

Tr
c khi gia c
Trc
cng: thp c
cn c
c n
nn th
thng,
kh
khc phc bin d
dng c
ca thp h
hnh (do qu
qu tr
trnh
ngu
ngui l
lnh kh
khng u sau khi c
cn, va ch
chm trong
qu
qu nng, c
cu, v
vn chuy
chuyn).
Vi
Vic u
un n
nn th
thng tr
trng th
thi ngu
ngui, khi b cong
vnh qu
qu ln m
mi iu ch
chnh b
bng c
cch nung nng.
Un n
nn thp tr
trng th
thi ngu
ngui th
thc cht bt thp
lm vi
vic trong giai on ch
chy d
do, l
lm gi
gim tnh d
do
v do l

m
cho
thp
km
ph

m
cht
h

n.
l
ph
h
bin d
ng i
dng d
dc t
tng
i cho php c
ca thp khi
un n
nn ph
phi nh
nh hn 1%... (tham kh
kho b
bng 1.11.1-Thi
cng c
cu Thp)
4

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Ly du

Cng tc ly du: trc khi gia cng cn v

hnh dng thanh ln thp hoc nh v tm
ca l inh.
Ly du trc tip: trc tip v ln thp ng
bao cn ct, tm cc l inh tn cn khoan...
cng nhn chuyn nghip bc cao
Ly du gin tip: nh du ln thp thng
qua cc bn mu ch to sn nng sut
cao, khng cn cng nhn lnh ngh, nhng
tn vt liu ch to cc bn mu. Nu kt cu
thp c tiu chun ha bn mu c
s dng nhiu ln mang li hiu qu.
5

Ly du

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Ly du

Bn m
c g
mu l
lm b
bng: b
ba, g
g dn, b
bng th
thc
g ho
hoc
bng thp.
ng bao quanh c
ca b
bn m
mu v
v cc chi tit l
lm
bng thp b
bn, t
tm l
l tr
trn b
bn m
mu v
v cc chi tit
ph
phi tr
trng nhau.
Khi ly du (tr
(trc tip, b
bn m
mu) c
cn l
lu n hao
ht kch th
c do co ngt m
thc
mi h
hn v
v do gia c
cng c
c
kh mp tm. Hao ht do co ngt c
ca m
mi h
hn c th
th
ly nh
nh sau:

Cho 1m chiu d
di m
mi h
hn gc 0,050,05-0,1mm
Cho m
mi h
hn i
i u
u 1mm
Cho m
mi c
cp s
sn t
tng c
cng 0.50.5-1mm

Sai s
ng ph
s do gia c
cng mp ph thu
thuc v
vo ph
phng
php
ct thp v
v c th
th ly v
vo kho
khong 2mm khi c
ct b
bng
dao c
ct thp c
c hc, 3mm khi c
ct t
t ng
ng b
bng h
hi
t
t v
v 4mm khi c
ct th
th cng b
bng kh ch
chy
7

Gia cng thp

Gia cng thp: ct thp v gia cng mp.

PP ct thp: ct bng dao, ct bng kh chy
v ct bng ca.
Gia cng mp (bo, phay) khi:

Ct b
bng dao c
ct, kh
khng d
dng li
lin kt h
hn theo
ng
ng
c

mp
b
c

t
ph

i
c
c
b

o
g

c
c ph b
gt s
su 223mm kh
kh b lp thp b ho
ho cng.
Ct h
hi nu li lm c
ca vt c
ct l
ln h
hn 3mm
mp thp ph
phi c
c b
bo nh
nhn
Bo nh
c chnh x
nhn m b
bo kch th
thc
xc.
Cng vi
vic ph
phc t
tp, t
tn thi gian, n
nng sut thp.
gi
ng gia c
gim kh
khi l
lng
cng mp l
l mt vn
quan tr
trng tng chnh x
xc khi c
ct
8

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To l inh

Bng khoan:

Khoan theo l
l thit k
Khoan nh
nh hn thit k.
Khoan m
m rng th
thnh l
l thit k

Bng t
t d
dp:

Di
i p l
lc c
ca con t
t qua m
mt l
l lm khu
khun, thp b bin
dng, r
ri b c
ct theo ng
ng knh c
ca l
l khu
khun: l
l khu
khun dk >
ng
ng knh c
ca t
t d mt ch
cht. Th
Thng c th
th ly: dk=d+0,1
+0,1
( - chiu d
dy thp)
Mp l
ng khi chu ng sut
l thp b ho
ho cng gi
gim cht l
lng
tp trung, c th
th xut hi
hin vt n
nt. V
Vi c
cc c
cng tr
trnh quan
tr
trng to l
l nh
nh hn ng
ng knh. (
( knh ti
tiu chu
chun c
ca l
l
l 23mm knh t
t d
dp kh
khng c
c qu
qu 19mm)
9

Lp ghp to hnh sn phm

Bng Hn:

Sau khi l
lp r
rp c
cn t
tm thi li
lin kt c nh v tr
tng
ng i
i gi
gia c
cc b
b ph
phn thanh, th
thng ch
ch dng
cc m
mi h
hn nh (m
(mi h
hn m
mng): ng
ngn (40(40-50 mm)
ph
phn b
b cch nhau 0,50,5-1m theo chiu d
di v
v ch
ch dng
hn tay.
Cc m
mi h
hn nh th
thng b
b tr ng
ng v tr c
ca m
mi h
hn
chnh sau n
ny c
cc m
mi h
hn nh c
c h
hn l
li
m b
ng.
bo cht l
lng.
Sau khi hn nh th
th thanh c
c th
tho ra kh
khi khu
khun
g lp a
ng h
a n ph
phn x
xng
hn t
t ng
ng
10

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Lp ghp to hnh sn phm

Bng inh tn, bu lng:

Dng khu
khun g
g lp, li
lin kt t
tm th
tho ra kh
khi
khu
khun g
g lp khoan c
cc l
l cn l
li tn inh;
bul
bulng g
g lp c ng
ng knh nh
nh hn l
l kho
khong
3mm p ch

t
c

c
chi
tit
v

i
nhau
sao
cho
khe
ch c
v
h cc b
b gi
gia c
cc b
bn thp kh
khng qu
qu 0,3mm...
Kh
Khng d
dng khu
khun g
g lp, c
cc l
l lp r
rp kh
khng
ph
phi c
c khoan t th rp thanh m
m khoan
tr
c ri
trc
ring r
r tng b
b ph
phn qu
qu tr
trnh gia c
cng
thp.
Dng con li c d
dng h
hnh c
cn nh v
11

Hn lin kt

Hn t
t ng,
ng, b
bn t
t ng,
ng, h
hn tay la ch
chn PP
hn tu
ng, chiu d
tu thu
thuc v tr, h
hnh d
dng, kh
khi l
lng,
di
ng
ng h
hn v
v lo
loi s
sn ph
phm.
Hn t
t ng
ng l PP h
hn c n
nng sut cao nht, cht
lng
ng m
mi h
hn t
tt nht. ch
ch thch h
hp cho nh
nhng
mi h
hn n
nm th
thng v
v di.
Hn b
bn t
t ng
ng kh
khc m
my h
hn t
t ng
ng ch
ch khi l
lm
vi
vic que h
hn kh
khng ph
phi do m
my m
m do ng
ngi iu
khi
khin hn c
cc ng
ng h
hn ng
ngn ho
hoc cong
Hn tay ch
ch dng hn c
cc m
mi h
hn nh, c
cc m
mi
hn ng
ngn t
ti c
cc v tr m
m my h
hn t
t ng
ng v
v bn t
t
ng
ng
kh

ng
th

th

c
hi

n
c.
c.
kh
th th hi
Gia c
m b
ng
cng mp thp chnh...
chnh...
bo cht l
lng
hn
12

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Hn lin kt

Cht l
ng m
lng
mi h
hn ch
ch yu ph thu
thuc v
vo ch
hn (c
(cng ,
, in th v
v tc hn ) v
v lo
loi v
vt
li
liu h
hn (d
(dy d
dn, que h
hn v
v bt ph
ph).
Cn ki
ng m
kim tra cht l
lng
mi h
hn nh
nhm x
xc nh c
cc
khuyt t
tt: c
cc vt n
nt b
bn ngo
ngoi ho
hoc b
bn trong c
th

c
b

t,
c
x

,
h

n
kh

ng
thu

c
m
th
b
x h
kh
mi h
hn i
i
u,
hn thu);
u, m
mi h
hn gc (m
(m theo thit k c
cn h
thp chnh c th
th b khuyt t
tt do qu
qu tr
trnh h
hn g
gy
nn.
Cc lo
loi m
my ph
pht hi
hin khuyt t
tt c
ca m
mi h
hn c th
th
l my chp nh b
bng tia r
rnghen, tia gama ho
hoc
my d
d si
siu m
13

1. 2. thi cng KC nhp cu thp

1.2.1. T chc cng tc lp rp

1.2.2.Thc hin mi ni ti cng trng
1.2.3. Cc PP thi cng cu thp

Lp tr
trn gi
gin gi
gio
Lp h
hng v
v na h
hng
Lp t
t kt cu nhp b
bng c
cn c
cu
Lao d
dc v
v ngang kt cu nhp
Lp t
t b
bng Phao
Thi c
cng c
cu treo
iu ch
chnh NL c
cu d
dm thp LH v
vi BTCT
14

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1.2.1. T chc cng tc lp rp

Bao gm: Chun b v lp rp cc thanh, cc

b phn c ch to trong nh my.
Ch kch thc ca cu kin khi vn chuyn
Tin hnh ng theo T. k t chc thi cng,
trong cn phi c mt s ti liu sau:

Qui ho
hoch t
tng th
th mt b
bng c
cng tr
trng
S kho t
ng ph
tng v
v ph
phng
php xp kho
S chi tit, tr
trnh t
t, thi gian l
lp r
rp kt cu nhp.
Cc b
bn v
v thi c
cng, b
bn tnh c
ca c
cc c
cng tr
trnh
ph nh
nh gi
gin gi
gio, bn s
sng, c
cc thit b...
Cc thuyt minh, b
bn tnh v kinh t, k
k thu
thut
15

1.2.2. Mi ni ti cng trng

Cc lin kt: inh tn, bulng cng cao

v hn. Ngoi ra vi cu qun s, cu tm
cng c th dng bulng hoc cht.
L.K ti cng trng hin nay ch yu bng
BLCC, inh tn c dng nhiu trc y.
Cng ngh hn pht trin rt mnh, c th
hn lin kt ti cng trng: cu Bnh...

16

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Lin kt bng inh tn

VL v
v cu t
to inh: theo thit k
Tn inh c
cn: con li nh v ho
hoc l
lp r
rp v
v bu l
lng
Con li nh v:

m b
bo c
cc l
l ch
chng kht l
ln nhau
Hnh c
cn, b
bng thp mm h
hn thp chnh (CT2 ho
hoc CT3)
ng tr
c v
trc
vo l
l inh ch
chnh l
l m kh
khng l
lm h
h hng.
Sai s
s gi
gia .knh c
ca li v
v l inh: 0 - 0,3mm.

Con li l
lp r
rp:

C nh v tr, kt cu chu c
c c
cc t
ti tr
trng khi thi c
cng
Th
Thng l
lm b
bng thp CT5, CT35 ho
hoc CT40 c c
cng
ln h
hn thp chnh l
lm c
cu
.knh ti
tiu chu
chun c
ca con li l
lp r
rp nh
nh hn 0,2mm so v
vi
.knh ti
tiu chu
chun c
ca l
l.
S lng:
ng: theo N
Ni l
lc tnh to
ton v
v > 10% t
tng s
s l.
17

Lin kt bng inh tn

18

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10

Lin kt bng inh tn

Bu lng lp rp:

p ch
cht c
cc t
tp b
bn thp khe h
h gi
gia c
cc b
bn
thp < 0,3mm
ng knh ti
tiu chu
chun < ng
ng knh l
l t 1 - 3mm,
c th
th xem bul
bulng ho
hon to
ton kh
khng chu c
ct.
S lng
ng ph
phi > 40% s
s con li tnh to
ton v
v > 20%
tng s
s l inh trong b
bn n
nt.

Kim tra cht lng ca inh tn: kch thc,

v tr...

19

Lin kt bng Bu lng C cao

Lm bng thp HK (Nga: 40X), rng en bng

CT3, CT35, CT40.
Chiu di ton b ca bu lng > chiu dy
ca tp bn thp t nht 40mm
.knh tiu chun ca BLCC < .knh l
3mm.
Sai s cho php ca l bulng -0,2 n
+0,5mm

20

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Lin kt bng Bu lng C cao

Cng ngh thi cng BLCC: lm nhm mt

tip xc, lp rp, t v xit bulng.
Lm nhm mt tip xc

Bng: S
Sng phun c
ct, ch
chi l
la ho
hoc b
bn ch
chi s
st.
Mi ph
ng ph
phng
php c m
mt h
h s ma s
st kh
khc nhau,
dng ph
ng ph
phng
php n
no l
l ph
phi do c
c quan thit
k qui nh...
Nu kh
khng c qui nh c th
th ca c
c quan thit k
th
ng ph
th ph
phi d
dng s
sng phun c
ct v
v ph
phng
php n
ny
cho h
h s ma s
st l
ln nht.
21

Lm nhm bng sng phun ct

Dng h
hn h
hp kh p v
v ct kh
kh th
thi v
vo m
mt b
bn
thp, (s
(sch g
g, bi b
bn, l
lm nh
nhm m
mt b
bn thp)
Ct:

L ct th
thch anh ho
hoc c
ct phoi thp.
.knh h
ht l
ln nht kho
khong 2,5mm.
Ph
Phi c
c r
ra s
sch, sy kh
kh v sng qua m
mt 2,5mm lo
loi
b cc h
ht l
ln.

p l
lc kh p u
u v
vi phun l
ln t
ti 0,35 - 0,5MPa.
Lng
ng ti
tiu hao c
ct v
vo kho
khong 0,05 - 0,1m3 tr
trn 1m2
di
din tch c
cn l
lm s
sch.
Dng s
c im l
sng phun c
ct c nh
nhc
l rt bi
bi nh
hng
ng n m
mi tr
trng, s
sc kh
khe CN bi
bin ph
php...
22

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12

Lm nhm phun ct

23

Lm nhm bng Chi la

Dng ng
ngn l
la c
ca h
hn h
hp xy nn v
v axetylen
qut s
sch bi b
bn, s
sn, d
du sau d
dng b
bn ch
chi s
st
ch
chi nh
nh.
p l
lc c
ca kh xy kho
khong 0,5 - 0,6MPa, c
ca kh
axetylen kho
khong 0,04 - 0,05MPa.
Khi th
thi ng
ngn l
la t
to v
vi m
mt nghi
nghing c
ca b
bn thp
0
40 - 45 , t
tc di chuy
chuyn kho
khong 1m/ph
1m/pht.
nng cao n
nng sut ng
ngi ta d
dng ch
chi l
la b
bn
rng.
Ti
Tiu hao v
vt li
liu tnh trung b
bnh cho 1m2 di
din tch
3
3
cn l
lm s
sch kho
khong 1m xy v
v 0,6m axetylen.
24

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Lm nhm bng bn chi st

L phng php to mt nhm n gin nht.

Ch c tc dng lm sch bn, khng to
c mt nhm v khng th chi ht g,
h s ma st ca PP ny ch bng mt thp
cha gia cng dng sch.

25

Ch v Lm nhm b mt

Cn c bo v trnh bn lm gim h s
ma st.
Thi gian t khi lm sch n khi em s
dng khng c qu 3 ngy m. Trng
hp bn bn phi ty li.

26

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14

Xit bu lng C cao

Dng mt c l o
lc: da trn quan h
tuyn tnh gia m
men xon (KNm) vi
lc ko trong bulng
[N(KN)]: M = KNd

d - ng knh c
ca
bul
bulng (mm)
K - H s xo
xon, c th
th
ly b
bng 0,17.
27

Xit bu lng C cao

28

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15

Xit bu lng C cao

BLCC cu to c bit:

29

Xit bu lng C cao

BLCC cu to c bit:

30

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16

Xit bu lng C cao

BLCC cu to c bit:

31

Lin kt hn

Lin kt hn ngoi cng trng trc y

dng rt hn ch trong cc cu dm c,
trong cc cu tit din hnh hp v trong cc
bn thp c sn.
Hin nay c p dng trong vic hn ni
ti cng trng: in hnh cho vic p dng
mi ni hn l ti cu Bnh (Hi phng), dng
cu treo dy vng, dm ch tit din thp
BTCT lin hp.
....
32

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1.2.3. Cc PP thi cng cu thp

Nu chuy
chuyn n c
cng tr
trng c
cc b
b ph
phn ri
ring bi
bit th
th
c th
th:

Lp th
thnh nhp ngay t
ti v tr,
ho
hoc b
bn ngo
ngoi v tr nhp c
cn x
xy d
dng, sau m
mi di chuy
chuyn
n t
t l
ln m
m tr.

Lp r
rp c
cu ngay t
ti v tr nhp c
c th
thc hi
hin sau khi
ho

n
th

nh
m

tr

ko
d

i
thi
gian
x
ho
th
m
d
xy d
dng
nh
nhng tn ph c
cc c
cng tr
trnh t
tm v
v thit b lm
ng
ng l
ln, ng
ng tr
trtt v
v t
t kt cu nhp v
vo v tr.
Lp r
rp kt cu nhp ngo
ngoi v tr c
cu c th
th tin h
hnh
song song v
vi vi
vic x
xy d
dng m
m tr rt ng
ngn thi
gian x
xy d
dng c
cu, nh
nhng trong m
mt s
s tr
trng h
hp gi
gi
th
thnh x
xy d
dng c cao h
hn l
lp c
cu t
ti v tr nhp.
33

1.2.3. Cc PP thi cng cu thp

mt s
s PP thi c
cng c
cu thp chnh:
Lp r
rp t
ti v tr:
Lp tr
1.
trn gi
gin gi
gio
Lp h
2.
hng v
v na h
hng
Lp r
rp ngo
ngoi v tr - PP lao c
cu thp:
Lp t
1.
t kt cu nhp b
bng c
cn c
cu
Lao d
2.
dc v
v ngang kt cu nhp
Lp t
3.
t b
bng Phao
Mt s
s vn thi c
cng kh
khc:
Thi c
1.
cng c
cu treo
iu ch
2.
chnh NL c
cu d
dm thp LH v
vi BTCT

34

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Lp trn Gin gio, na hng, hng

35

1.2.3.1. lp trn gin gio

Cng tc lp rp cu trn gin gio bao gm:

xy d
dng gi
gin gi
gio,
Lp c
cn c
cu.
Lp t
t v
v li
lin kt c
cc thanh c
cc b
b ph
phn kt cu
nhp,
H nhp xu
xung g
gi,
Th
Tho d
d cn c
cu v
v gi
gin gi
gio.

Cc PP lp cu thp trn gin gio:

Lp r
rp theo nhp
Lp r
rp theo on
Lp r
rp li
lin h
hp
36

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1.2.3.1. lp trn gin gio

Lp theo nhp:

Lp c
cc thanh bi
bin d
dii d
dm m
mt c
cu,
Cc thanh li
lin kt d
dii tr
trn to
ton nhp,
sau m
mi l
lp c
cc thanh ng,
ng, thanh xi
xin v
v thanh
bi
bin tr
trn.
Cng c th
th lp ph
phn d
dii th
thnh m
mt h
h cng r
ri ko
dc tr
trn c
cc tr gi
gin gi
gio, sau l
lp ph
phn tr
trn.

Lp theo on

Lp kh
khc n
no xong kh
khc y.
Th
Thng th
thng m
mi kh
khc l
l mt khoang gi
gin nhanh
chng t
to th
thnh m
mt t
t kh
khng bin h
hnh
37

1.2.3.1. lp trn gin gio

38

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20

1.2.3.1. lp trn gin gio

Lp rp Lin hp:

Th
Thng d
dng hai c
cn c
cu, m
mt c
cn c
cu l
lm nhi
nhim
v l
i, c
lp ph
phn d
di,
cu kia l
lp ph
phn tr
trn,
Lp c
c on n
no iu ch
chnh ngay v tr v
v cao
nt gi
gin, ng
ng thi t
tn inh ho
hoc xit bul
bulng li
lin
kt lu
lun on .
Tc lp r
rp n
nng cao.
Tr
Trnh t
t lp th
thng l
lp t u
u n
ny sang u
u kia

39

1.2.3.1. lp trn gin gio

Th
Thng c
c s
s dng c
cn c
cu t ho
hoc c
cn c
cu xch
H dm xu
xung g
gi b
bng kch hai u
u d
dm ngang u
u
dm (m
(mi d
dm ngang t
t hai kch)
Sc n
ng nhp c
nng c
ca kch tnh theo tr
trng l
lng
cu sau
t
tng th
thm 1,5 l
ln.
K cu nhp c
c h
h th
thnh nhiu t
t theo thit k ri
ring.
Khi h
h di
i c
cc n
nt gi
gin, tr
trn m
mt tr ph
phi t
t c
cc
ch
chng n v
v nm b
bo v
v, kho
khong c
cc gi
gia n
nm v
v nt
gi
gin kh
khng v
vtt qu
qu 2 n 3 cm.
H cu xu
xung g
gi c
c nh sau n g
gi di ng
ng
V tr, nghi
nghing c
ca con l
ln ph
phi x
xc nh theo nhi
nhit
h cu tr
trng th
thi nhi
nhit trung b
bnh h
hng n
nm
con l
ln v tr th
thng ng
ng
40

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1.2.3.1. lp trn gin gio

PP n
ny n
n gi
gin, m b
bo c
c chnh x
xc, nh
nhng
vi
vic x
xy d
dng gi
gin gi
gio t
tn nhiu v
vt li
liu v
v cng s
sc,
ch
ch c
c ng dng trong tr
trng h
hp sau:

Lp kt cu nhp gn b
bi s
sng, sau lao ra v tr, nh
nh vy
gi
gin gi
gio c
c s
s dng l
li nhiu l
ln.
Lp r
rp c
cu tr
trn gi
gin gi
gio r
ri d
dng on l
lp tr
trn gi
gin gi
gio
lm i
i tr
trng cho vi
vic l
lp h
hng nhp tip theo.
Lp kt cu nhp c li
lin kt h
hn ngo
ngoi c
cng tr
trng. c th
th
hn n
ni kt cu nhp th
th v tr m
mi n
ni bu
buc ph
phi n
nm tr
trn gi
gin
gi
gio c
c ho
hoc tr t
tm m b
bo m
mi h
hn ho
hon to
ton kh
khng
lm vi
vic trong qu
qu tr
trnh th
thc hi
hin li
lin kt.
kt.

41

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

Tr
c ti
Trc
tin c th
th lp m
mt nhp tr
trn b, ho
hoc m
mt on
nhp u
u ti
tin tr
trn gi
gin gi
gio c
c l
lm i
i tr
trng, sau
dng c
cu c
cu l
lp h
hng c
cc on, c
cc nhp tip theo.
Nu trong qu
qu tr
trnh l
lp h
hng, d
dii t
tc dng c
ca t
ti
tr
trng b
bn th
thn v
v ti tr
trng thi c
cng kt cu nhp b mt
n nh v tr ( b l
lt) ho
hoc g
gy ng sut bin d
dng v
vtt
qua tr s
s di
i h
hn cho php ng th
thm c
cc tr t
tm.
V tr c
ca c
cc tr t
tm c
c x
xc nh t iu ki
kin ch
chng
lt v
v iu ki
kin ng sut, bin d
dng c
ca c
cu trong qu
qu
tr
trnh l
lp.
Ph
ng ph
Phng
php l
lp h
hng c b
b tr th
thm tr t
tm g
gi l
l lp
na h
hng
42

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1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

Phng php lp hng v na hng dng khi

xy dng cu qua cc sng su, sng thng
c thuyn
Phm vi p dng Phng php lp na hng:

Khi l
lp kt cu nhp kh
khng cho php l
lp h
hng.
Khi l
lp nhp u
u ti
tin l
lm i
i tr
trng cho c
cc nhp
sau. Ho
Hoc c
cu 1 nhp nh
nhng gi
gi th
thnh tr kh
khng t.
t.

PP thi cng:

Lp tr
c m
trc
mt on tr
trn gi
gin gi
gio c
c l
lm i
i tr
trng
lp tip c
cc on sau.
Lp tr
c m
trc
mt on tr
trn nn ng
ng l
lm i
i tr
trng
43

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

Khi lp rp cc nhp th hai v tip theo dng

mt s thanh c bit ni nhp th nht v th
hai to thnh h gin lin tc.
Nu chiu di cc nhp bng nhau th sau nhp
th nht vic xy dng cc tr tm khng phi
do yu cu n nh chng lt, m gim ni
lc v bin dng do ti trng thi cng gy ra
trong cc thanh bin trn v di cc v tr gi
ca gin hng.

44

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1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

Ph
ng ph
Phng
php l
lp h
hng:

Nu kt cu nhp kh
khng n nh ch
chng l
lt:

Tin h
hnh t u
u nhp n
ny sang u
u nhp kia.
kia. ni l
lc v
v bin
dng qu

n
trong
c

c
thanh
n

n
th

ng
ph

i
gia
c

th

qu
c
n th
ph
c th m.
Ho
Hoc l
lp t
t hai tr r
ri h
hp long t
ti gi
gia nhp. ph
phc t
tp, sai
s thi c
cng nhiu rt t d
dng
dng ph
ng ph
phng
php cht i
i tr
trng ho
hoc neo gi
gin v
vo tr chnh
bng thanh chu ko.

tng c
cng kh
kh nng chu l
lc v
v gi
gim bin d
dng
ca gi
gin:

Dng ph
ng ph
phng
php m
m rng tr
Dng m
mt d
dy c
cng g
gm d
dy T v
v khung ng
ng P rt c hi
hiu
qu
qu v n co php iu ch
chnh n
ni l
lc v
v bin d
dng c
ca h
h
trong qu
qu tr
trnh l
lp r
rp.
45

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

Tr
Trnh t
t lp: ph thu
thuc v
vo lo
loi kt cu nhp v
v cch
b tr m
mi n
ni.
Cu d
dm c:
c:

Lp r
rp tng on d
dm ch
ch sau m
mi l
lp h
h li
lin kt ngang,
dc
Lp r
rp tng kh
khi d
dm trong g
gm m
mt s
s dm ch
ch ghp
sn v
vi h
h li
lin kt d
dc v
v ngang. th
thng y
yu c
cu c
cn c
cu
c s
sc n
nng l
ln.

Cu gi
gin l
lp ri
ring tng thanh theo hai nguy
nguyn t
tc:

Nhanh chng t
to th
thnh h
h kh
khng bin h
hnh (t
(to th
thnh tam
gi
gic khp kn).
Trong ph
c, c
phm vi m
mt khoang th
th cc thanh di
i l
lp tr
trc,
cc
thanh tr
c kh
trn l
lp sau, ng
ng thi l
lu c
cc thanh l
lp tr
trc
khng
cn tr
tr vi
vic l
lp thanh sau.
46

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24

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

47

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

48

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25

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

Cc PP t
tng c
cng n nh v
v kh
kh nng chu l
lc
49

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

Cu gin lp tng mng (gm nhiu thanh):

Tc lp nhanh.
Li
Lin kt n
ni th
thng n
nm tr
trn thanh (kh
(khng nt)
cu t
to n
nt n
n gi
gin h
hn
Tit ki
kim thp l
lm b
bn n
nt.
...

iu chnh vng ca dm khi lp hng

Thanh li
lin kt gi
gia hai gi
gin ng
ngn h
hn m
mt ch
cht
iu ch
chnh b
bng cao gi t
tm

50

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26

1.2.3.2. lp Hng v na hng

c im lp hng v na hng cu dm c:

Da tr
trn nguy
nguyn t
tc nh
nh cu gi
gin, tuy nhi
nhin c m
mt
s c
c im c
cn ch
ch :
Nu d
ng ph
dng ph
phng
php l
lp h
hng th
th cc tr t
tm b
b
tr v
vo v tr m
mi n
ni d
dm ch
ch.
Dm c
ng l
c c tr
trng l
lng
ln, chiu cao th
thng nh
nh,
gy ng sut l
ln t
ti ch
chn d
dm c
cngx
ngxn khi l
lp
hng, g
gy vng l
ln u
u h
hng. cn c
c c
c
bi
bit l
lu c bi
bin ph
php iu ch
chnh vng v
v
ng sut c
ca d
dm.

51

1.2.3.3. CC pp lAO CU THP

Ph
Phm vi p dng:
dng:

Khi c
cn gi
gim thi gian x
xy d
dng c
cu, trong vi
vic x
xy m
m tr
l lp r
rp kt cu nhp tin h
hnh song song.
Khi c
cn thay nhp c
cu c b
bng nhp m
mi (
(ii h
hi thi gian
phong to
to t nht).
Khi m
mt giao th
thng ng
ng thu
thu ln kh
khng cho php x
xy
dng c
cc c
cng tr
trnh ph lng s
sng.
Khi gi
gi th
thnh c
cc c
cng tr
trnh t
tm phc v cho vi
vic l
lp t
ti ch
ch
t
t
h

n
ph
ng
ng

n
lao
c

u.
h ph
c

lp t
t kt cu nhp ch t
to n
nm v
vo v tr c
cu:

Dng c
cn c
cu, d
dng PP lao d
dc, lao ngang tr
trn c
cc ng
ng l
ln,
ng
ng tr
trtt t
t tr
trn c
cc tr chnh, tr t
tm
Dng phao, x
x lan ch
ch kt cu nhp t
ti v tr r
ri l
lp t
t l
ln m
m
tr, ho
ng n h
hoc c th
th ch
chn ph
phng
hn h
hp.
52

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PP lp t bng cn cu

53

PP lp t bng cn cu

54

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28

PP lp t bng cn cu

Phm vi p dng:

Ph thu
thuc v
vo n
nng l
lc c
cu
Tr
c y
Trc
y th
thng p dng cho nhp nh
nh.
Nay ch t
c bi
to c
c nh
nhng c
cn c
cu l
ln (
(c
bit lo
loi
cn c
cu n
ni) c th
th p dng cho nhp l
ln h
hn.

Cn cu c th di chuyn dc theo tuyn hoc

di chuyn ngang.

55

PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

Phm vi p dng:

Ph
ng ph
Phng
php lao d
dc: Kt cu nhp c
c l
lp r
rp
tr
c tr
trc
trn nn ng
ng d
dn v
vo c
cu. Sau khi m
m tr
cng chu l
lc, ta ko c
cu d
dc theo tuyn a
a
vo v tr thit k m
m kh
khng c
cn di chuy
chuyn ngang.
th
thng c
c p dng khi x
xy d
dng c
cc c
cu m
mi.
Ph
ng ph
Phng
php lao d
dc, ngang: kt cu nhp c
cu m
mi
c
c l
lp r
rp c
cnh tuyn ng
ng v
vo c
cu, sau khi l
lp
xong ko c
cu d
dc tr
trn c
cc tr t
tm ra v tr n
nm song
song v

i
c

u
c.
Khi

i
phong
to

,
t

v c
m
to t ch
chc ko
ngang kt cu nhp c
cu c ra ngo
ngoi, ko ngang nhp
cu m
mi v
vo v tr. thi gian phong t
ta t
t thay
cu c.
56

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PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

57

PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

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PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

59

PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

Gii php k thut:

Lao tr
trc tip tr
trn c
cc tr chnh, th
thng p d
dng cho c
cc
cu nhiu nhp khi c

c
nhp
c
c
n

i
li

n
tc
l

c
n li
l i
i
tr
trng cho nhp h
hng. Lao h
hng c
c nhp th
th vng c
ca
u
u h
hng th
thng qu
qu ln, ng sut cc thanh chu l
lc
c th
ng n
th qu
qu ti. kh
khc phc hi
hin t
tng
ny c th
th p
dng m
mt s
s bi
bin ph
php sau:
1. D
Dng mi d
dn kt h
hp v
vi m
m rng tr
2. D
Dng tr t
tm: S
S lng
ng v
v v tr tr t
tm c
c x
xc nh
t iu ki
kin m b
bo n nh, bn, vng c
ca
kt cu nhp trong qu
qu tr
trnh lao l
lp, c
c d
dng ph
ph bin
trong c
cc c
cu nhiu nhp v
v c
c bi
bit trong c
cu m
mt nhp
khi kh
khng c iu ki
kin n
ni li
lin tc.
60

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PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

Gii php k thut (tip):

3. Tr
c ch
Trng h
hp g
gp c
cc s
sng s
su, n
nc
chy xit, vi
vic l
l
tr t
tm g
gp kh kh
khn ho
hoc qu
qu t
t tin th
th c th
th dng
bi
bin ph
php t
tng c
cng kt cu nhp c mi d
dn b
bng m
mt
dy c

ng.
c
4. Lao d
dc kt cu nhp c
cu thp b
bng xe go
gong ch
chy
tr

n
nn
ng
ng
v

tr

n
gi

n
gi

o
c.
c.
Vi

c
x

y
d
tr

v tr
gi
gi
Vi
x
dng
gi
gin gi
gio c
c rt ph
phc t
tp v
v tn km ch
ch c
c d
dng
trong c
cc tr
trng h
hp c
c bi
bit.
5. Ph
ng ph
Phng
php lao d
dc kt h
hp v
vi phao, x
x lan

61

PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

Cu to ng ln: ng trt hoc ln

Cu dm c th c th dng h trt hoc gi
ln (b tr c nh trn nn ng v trn cc
tr chnh, tr tm m kt cu nhp s ko qua).
Khi nhp nh gi trt c th ch gm mt
thanh ray, mt dm I c bi m.
i vi cc cu nhp ln: dng cc gi ln, bn
ln.
ng trt (ln) lin tc lc tc dng trn
sut chiu di cu dm.
62

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PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

Cu gin: lc tc dng phi vo nt Bn ln

trn gin on, di lin tc hoc gin on.
Bn ln:

Th
Thng l
lm b
bng c
cc on ray li
lin kt v
vi n
nt gi
gin
qua c
cc on g
g ng
ngn v
v bu l
lng.
Cc thanh c
ca b
bn l
ln th
thng c
c u
un cong hai
u
u
m

t
l

n
tr

d
l

p
con
l

n
v

gi
m l tr
l
l v gim l
lc xung
kch khi con l
ln ra kh
khi b
bn.
S lng
ng ray bn l
ln tr
trn c
c x
xc nh theo tr
s ph
phn l
lc l
ln nht khi lao.
Bn l
ln d
dii nhiu h
hn 1 ray, c
c k
k tr
trc tip l
ln
t vt.
63

PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

Bn ln (tip):

Chiu d
di ng
ng l
ln d
dii tr
trn c
cc tr (chnh ho
hoc
tm) ph
phi l
ln h
hn chiu d
di khoang gi
gin t nht l
l
1,25 l
ln.
n. m rng tr
Con l
ln th
thng l
lm b
bng thp tr
trn c
c ho
hoc r
rng,
rng trong b tng. ng knh c
cc con l
ln
th
thng ch
chn t 60 - 140mm. Chiu d
di con l
ln
th
thng ly l
ln h
hn chiu r
rng ng
ng l
ln 20 - 30cm.
Kho
Khong c
cch t
tnh gi
gia c
cc con l
ln t
ti thi
thiu ph
phi l
ln
hn 15cm. xc nh c
c chiu d
di c
ca ng
ng l
ln
tr
trn b tr s
s con l
ln c
cn thit cho m
mi n
nt
gi
cn thit.
thit.
gin, v
v xc nh m rng tr c
64

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Bn ln

65

Bn ln

66

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PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

ng ln khi lao ngang:

ng l
ln tr
trn c
c t
t d
dii hai d
dm ngang u
u
gi
gin nh
nhng b
b tr
trng v tr t
t g
gi c
cu.
ng l
ln d
dii t
t l
ln tr chnh v
v cc tr t
tm.
Dng kch thu
thu lc kch b
bng kt cu nhp, l
lp t
t
gi v

u.
Sau

c
th

thu
d

n
ng
ng
l

n.
v
th
d
l
ph
phn l
lc qua c
cc con l
ln t
tc dng ph
phn b
b u tr
trn
su

t
chiu
d

i
d

m
ngang

th

ng
g

y
ra
m

men
su
d d
th
g
m
un l
ln h
hn khi kch nht thit ph
phi ki
kim tra l
li
kh
kh nng chu l
lc c
ca d
dm ngang u
u gi
gin

67

PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

Lao cu dm c:

vng u
u h
hng th
thng rt l
ln, c khi t
ti 22-3m.
u
u d
dm ho
hoc u
u mi d
dn c th
th k c
c l
ln
tr ph
phi b
b tr m
mt thit b c
c bi
bit iu ch
chnh
vng c

a
u
u
h

ng
cho
b

ng
cao

nh
nh
tr
(chnh
c h
b

ho
hoc t
tm).

68

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PP Lao dc v lao Ngang

69

PP lao dc kt hp vi phao, x lan

Phm vi p dng:

Cu m
mt nhp ho
hoc nhp u
u ti
tin c
ca c
cc c
cu nhiu
nhp, nu g
c l
gp s
sng s
su n
nc
ln, vi
vic x
xy d
dng tr
tm rt kh kh
khn, qu
qu tn km
ho
hoc do t
tu b i l
li qu
qu nhiu, vi
vic x
xy d
dng tr
tm s
s lm t
tc ngh
nghn giao th
thng ng
ng s
sng.

70

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PP lao dc kt hp vi phao, x lan

71

PP lao dc kt hp vi phao, x lan

Phng php:

Kt cu nhp c
c l
lp tr
trn nn ng
ng v
vo c
cu.
Qu
Qu tr
trnh lao c
c chia l
lm hai giai on, giai on u
u
ko d
dc c
cu tr
trn h
h ng
ng l
ln b
b tr tr
trn nn ng,
ng,
trong giai on n

y
b

n
l

n
tr

n
v

c
con
l

n
tr
n b l tr v
l trn ch
ch
b tr v
vo c
cc n
nt gi
gia c
cu, c
cn c
cc n
nt u
u v
v cu
cui gi
gin
th
thng tr
trng.
Giai on u
u kt th
thc khi d
dm c
c ko h
hng ra s
sng
mt on, phao, x
x lan c th
th vo n kt cu
nhp.
V tr c
ca phao, x
x lan c
cn ph
phi m b
bo sau n
ny c
th
th a,
a, h
h kt cu nhp xu
xung m
m tr
72

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PP lao dc kt hp vi phao, x lan

Phng php (tip):

Chu
Chun b Giai on hai: thay to
ton b
b h con l
ln b
bng
mt xe go
gong ... t
t di
i gi
gin.
Di
c
i s
sng ta a
a h
h phao, x
x lan v
vo v tr b
bm n
nc
phao ra cho phao, x
x lan n
ni l
ln kt cu nhp.
Nh
ng c
Nh vy tr
trng l
lng
ca d
dm ch
ch ch
ch truyn l
ln phao
v bn l
ln u
u d
dm nh
nh mt h
h tnh nh n
nn c
cc ph
phn
lc g
gi s
s kh
khng thay i
i trong su
sut qu
qu tr
trnh lao.
Sau th
tho b
b tt c
c cc b
bn l
ln tr
trn t
ti c
cc n
nt gi
gia
gi
gin

73

PP lao dc kt hp vi phao, x lan

Phng php (tip):

Ko d
dc kt cu nhp m
mt u
u tr
trn phao v
v mt u
u l
ln
tr
trn nn ng.
ng.
ui kt cu nhp k
k tr
trn b
bn l
ln qua m
mt kh
khp, m
bo kt cu nhp c th

xoay
t

do
khi
m

c
c s
th
t
m n
nc
sng
ln xu
xung.
ng l
ln d
dii c th
th b tr ngang ho
hoc h
hi d
dc v pha
sng gi
gim l
lc ko. Tuy nhi
nhin dc ph
phi c
c tnh
to
ton lc y
y ra s
sng kh
khng v
vtt qu
qu 50% l
lc ma s
st
ln c
ca h
h.

74

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PP t ln m tr bng phao

c bi
bit kinh t khi c
cng vi
vic c
c l
lp l
li nhiu l
ln, t
tc l
l
khi l
lp t
t c
cu nhiu nhp.
Vi c
cc nhp c
cu l
ln, khi iu ki
kin a cht thu
thu vn kh
khng
cho php l
ng ph
lm gi
gin gi
gio hay tr t
tm ph
phng
php l
lp
t
ng ph
t b
bng tr n
ni l
l ph
phng
php thi c
cng duy nht.
Kt cu nhp c
c l
lp r
rp tr
trn b, th
thng th
thng n
nn b
b tr
pha h
c d
h lu v
v vn chuy
chuyn ng
ngc
dng n nh h
hn v
v nu
xy s
s c tu ko cht m
my, h
h ch
ch ni tr
tri t
t do s
s kh
khng
va v
vo tr.
Sau khi l
t) a
lp xong d
dng h
h th
thng ng
ng l
ln (ho
(hoc tr
trt)
a
kt cu nhp ra bn s
sng, a
a h
h tr n
ni v
vo bn kt
cu nhp, v

n
chuy

n
t

i
v
tr
c

u
v

m
xu
v chuy t
c v
xung g
gi.
75

PP t ln m tr bng phao

76

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PP t ln m tr bng phao

77

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