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30 .
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1-
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%1.3 Temperature .
360 %7.7 2670
%91 360 2670 .
. 1660
30
1750 100 1941
. .
Kinetic energy
.
. Heat .
.
.

. .


.
:
.

)( .
Thermosphere .
. 300 700
1700 ) (89
.
0.2
.


.
Satellites
.
) (
) .(90
. .
.
.

.
Calories.
)( .
30 35 .
30 31 .
35 30
. 35 34

Kilocalorie.
.
.
.
) ( .
Latent heat of Vaborization .
20-
!

( Latent heat of melting .
). 91
) (91 40- .
40- .
.
100 )( .
80 .
.
40- 100
.
. 100 100
. 450 .
. 450

.
.
80

. )( )(
.
100
. 600 .
.
2-

.
. .

.
. :
) . (3 )
. . (92
-

Lord Kelvin
)(1824 - 1907

.
.
Vibrations
Zero point vibrations. .
. Zero Point Energy.

1967 1968
K. K K
273.16 . 373.16 .
.
-
.1714
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit.
32 212 .
. 180
. F . .
. 96
.
. 98.6

-
1742
. Anders Celsius
100 100 .
Centigrade Scale
. Celsius Scale
.
100
. 40-
.

.
) . (19

).
3-
-
: :
100 180
180/100 .1.8 F C
. .
32
): .(92
:

-
. 100
. 273.16
) 373.16 . (92 : .
: 273.16
:

-
.
: 1.8
100 180
: 1.8 .

4-
: ) ( )
.(
Conduction -
. Conduction
. .
.

. .


. . ) (20
.
.
.

. ) (20
. ) (
.
.
-
Convection.
. )
(
.
) (93 .
)( )( .
.
) ( .

Convective Circulation.


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.
. . ....
Convection
Thermals.
Wind. Advection .

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)(
.
Cumulus Clouds.
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