Polyatomic Ions

H = hydr-

B = bor-

C = carb-

N = nitr-

O = ox-

F = fluor-

Si = silic-

P = phosph-

S = sulf-

Cl = chlor-

As = arsen-

Se =selen-

Br = brom-

Sb = antimony-

BrO3- bromate ion

BrO4-

perbromate

B4O72- tetraborate
C2H3O2- acetate ion (CH3COO-)
C6H5O73- citrate ion
ClO- hypochlorite ion
ClO2- chlorite ion

I = iod-

ClO3- chlorate ion

ClO4- perchlorate ion

S2- sulfide
1-

F
Cl

fluoride

1-

chloride

P3- phosphide
3-

N nitride

Br 1- bromide
H

1-

CN- cyanide ion

hydride

CO32- carbonate ion

I 1- iodide

C2O42- oxalate ion

O2- oxide

CrO42- chromate ion

3-

Se selenide

Cr2O72- dichromate ion

HPO42- hydrogen phosphate ion

mono- one

hexa- six

HSO4- hydrogen sulfate ion

di- two

hepta- seven

HCO3- hydrogen carbonate ion

tri- three

octa- eight

H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate ion

tetra- four

nona- nine

IO3- iodate ion

penta- five

deca- ten

IO4- periodate ion

MnO4- permanganate ion

Cu+ copper (I) (cuprous)

Mn2+ manganese (II)

NH4+ ammonium ion

Cu2+ copper (II) (cupric)

Ni2+ nickel (II)

NO2- nitrite ion

SiO44- silicate ion

Fe2+ iron (II) (ferrous)

Cr2+ chromium (II)

NO3- nitrate ion

S2O32- thiosulfate ion

Fe3+ iron (III) (ferric)

Cr3+ chromium (III)

O22- peroxide ion

SO32- sulfite ion

Hg22+ mercury (I) (mercurious)

Co2+ cobalt (II)

OH- hydroxide ion

SO42- sulfate ion

Hg2+ mercury (II) (mercuric)

PO33- phosphite ion

Pb2+ lead (II) (plumbous)

PO43- phosphate ion

Pb4+ lead (IV) (plumbic)

SCN- thiocyanate ion

Sn2+ tin (II) (stannous)

SeO32- selenite ion

Sn4+ tin (IV) (stannic)

SeO42- selenate ion

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Solubility Rules
Rule #1 All alkali metal compounds are soluble.
Rule #2 All ammonium salts are soluble.

Rule #4 All chloride, bromide and iodide salts

are soluble.
EXCEPT Ag+, Hg22+, Pb22+
Rule #5 All sulfates are soluble.
EXCEPT Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Hg22+, Pb22+
Rule #6 All hydroxides are insoluble.
EXCEPT Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, alkali metals
Rule #7 All sulfides are insoluble.
EXCEPT alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
Rule #8 All sulfites, carbonates, chromates and
phosphates are insoluble.
EXCEPT NH4+, alkali metals

like dissolves like

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Barium
Strontium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Manganese
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Cadmium
Cobalt
Nickel
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Antimony
Bismuth
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Platinum

K+
Na+
Li+
Ba2+
Sr2+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Al3+
Mn2+
Zn2+
Cr2+
Fe2+
Cd2+
Co2+
Ni2+
Sn2+
Pb2+
H+
Sb2+
Bi2+
Cu2+
Hg2+
Ag+
Pt+

INCREASING REACTIVITY

Rule #3 All nitrate, chlorate, acetate and

perchlorate salts are soluble.

Activity Series for Metals

(comparison)

Electron Affinity

Electronegativity

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