NGHIN C CCH DCH MNH QUAN H TRONG

CU T TING ANH SANG TING VIT V MT S

PHNG PHP DCH TRNH S KHNG T NHIN
TRONG KHI DCH LOI CU NY
A STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH SENTENCES WITH
RELATIVE CLAUSES AND SOME WAYS TO AVOID
UNNATURALNESS IN THE VIETNAMESE VERSION
Sinh vin thc hin: Mai Lan Phng
Lp: 05CNA10, Khoa ting Anh
Gio vin hng dn: on Thanh c
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this graduation paper has primarily been to investigate the
translation of relative clauses from English into Vietnamese. The study also described
mistakes - unnaturalness in the translation of relative clauses, which were frequently seen
in English - Vietnamese translation. Though this did not completely ruin the whole work
though, it may confuse or puzzle readers of the target language. To further develop the
argument, the study pointed out and analyzes some of the major sign of unnaturalness in
translation of relative clauses from English into Vietnamese. Each type of errors was
presented with typical examples taken out from published materials like newspaper
articles, translated literary works, and students translation exercises as well as
assignments. The research paper then boldly suggests some methods, which were often
used in translation of relative clauses to minimize these common mistakes.

TM TT
Mc ch ca ti nghin cu khoa hc ny l nghin cu v cch dch mnh
quan h trong cu t ting Anh sang ting Vit. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, bi nghin
cu ch ra nhng li sai c bn lm cho cch dch cu cha mnh quan h khng oc
t nhin. Cc v d in hnh minh ho c ly t nhng cu dch ca sinh vin, sch bo
v cc n phm song ng. Trng tm ca bi nghin cu khoa hc ny l ch ra mt s cc
cch dch ph bin, hay v gip ngi dch trnh c cc li khin cch dch ca h
khng c t nhin,
1. M U
1.1. L do chn ti
Mi mt quc gia trn th gii u c ngn ng ring, phong tc tp qun ring ca
mnh. Dch thut chnh l mt qu trnh chuyn ngn ng ny sang ngn ng khc, gip
mi ngi trn th gii hiu c nhau. V th cng d hiu ti sao c rt nhiu cc tc gi
vit v l thuyt dch vi hy vng gip mi ngi hiu oc tm quan trng ca vic hc
dch. Song nhn li hu ht cc n phm ta thy rng a s ch vit v nhng quy tc
dch chung chung ch cha c mt n phm no vit v dch mnh quan h trong cu.

Hn na chng ta u bit mnh quan h trong ng php ting Anh rt phc tp

v c nhiu lut l bt buc. Trong khi Vit Nam, mnh quan h khong h ph
bin, v khng c g c bit, thm ch cha h c khi nim c th v ci gi l mnh
quan h. Theo nh inh Vn c (2001) trong Ng php Ting Vit: mnh quan h
ch l t loi ca cc t c chc nng thay th. Cn Nguyn Ti Cn (1999) th li nh
ngha mnh nh mt t hp gm hai trung tm ni lin vi nhau bng quan h tng
thut...
Chnh v s khc nhau r rt trong mnh quan h gia ting Vit v ting Anh
nn d thy s bi ri ca ngi dch khi phi dch nhng cu cha nhng mnh nh
th ny.
V nhng l do trn ti quyt nh nghin cu v cch dch mnh quan h trong
cu t ting Anh sang ting Vit tm ra nhng cch dch hay gip bn thn ti cng nh
ngi c trnh c nhng kh khn trong qu trnh dch loi cu cha mnh quan h.
1.2 Mc ch nghin cu
ti tp trung nghin cu v cch dch mnh quan h trong cu t ting Anh
sang ting Vit v tm ra nhng phng php dch hay trnh c li khng t nhin
trong qu trnh dch. Qua vic phn tch v tm ra nhng phng php dch loi cu cha
nhng mnh ny, ti hy vng s gip ngi dch c c cch dch hay v trnh
c nhng li khi dch loi cu ny.
1.3 Gii hn phm vi nghin cu
Dch l mt khi nim rng, c th hiu theo hai ngha. Theo ngha rng dch thut l
mt qu trnh chuyn mt vn bn dng vit hoc ni t ngn ng ny sang ngn ng
khc theo ng ca tc gi bn gc (Bi Tin Bo v ng Xun Thu - Interpresting
and Translation Course Book, (1997). Tuy nhin ti ch i vo nghin cu theo khi
nim hp, ngha l ch tp trung vo nghin cu qu trnh dch vn bn dng vit, c
bit l dch nhng cu cha mnh quan h.
1.4 i tng nghin cu
Trong phm vi gii hn ca mt bi nghin cu khoa hc, ti tp trung vo nghin cu
ch yu i vi sinh vin, c bit l sinh vin hc ting anh cng nh nhng ngi yu
thch mn dch
2. NI DUNG
2.1 Phn tng quan
2.1.1 Cc nghin cu trc y
C rt nhiu cc tc gi vit v lnh vc dch. n c ni ting nht l Peter
Newmark vi Approaches To Translation,(1988), Nida vi The Theory and Practice of
Translating, (1974), Wiebke Ramm v Subordination in translation consequence on
discourse structure (2005).
nc ta cng c nhiu cc nh nghin cu vit v l thuyt dch. Chng hn nh
Hong Vn Vn vi Nghin cu Dch Thut, Nguyn Quc Hng vi: Hng dn k
thut dch Anh- Vit, L Vn S vi Dch v Ng Php ...
2.1.2 C s l lun
2.1.2.1. L thuyt dch

Cch y khong 2 ngn nm, ngay t khi mi ra i, dch thut chng t tm

quan trng ca n. V vy c rt nhiu nhng nh nghin cu vit v l thuyt dch vi mc
ch rt cao p l mang n cho ngi hc dch nhng ci nhn ng n v mn khoa
hc ny. Qua nghin cu trong cc cun sch v dch em thy c 6 cch dch ch yu.
l: literal, word-for-word, faithful, free, idiomatic, semantic, v
communicative. Tuy nhin, theo nh l thuyt dch ca Peter Newmark th 2 qu trnh
dch hay, ch yu l semantic, v communicative.
Ngoi ra dch thut cng c mt s quy tc m mi ngi hc dch nn bit. Theo
nh Alan Duff trong cun Translation (1990) th cc quy tc l: Dch phi ng ngha
so vi bn gc, Vic sp xp t v tng trong bn dch khng nn thay i so vi bn
gc, Ngi dch nn c cch dch thot , khng phi t no cng dch (ch cn gi ng
ngha ca bn gc). Cn c cch dch t nhin, ngn ng dch phi ph hp vi ngn ng,
vn ho ca ngi c vn bn dch.
2.1.2.2. L thuyt mnh quan h: khi nim v nhng im cn ch trong
mnh quan h
Khi nim: mnh quan h trong ting Anh l mnh ph trong cu. N xut
hin trong cu vi chc nng ging nh mt tnh t, c mch ch b sung thm ngha
cho danh t, i t... trong cu. V chnh v l do b sung ngha ny m mnh quan h
gip hn nh li vt, vic, ngi... c ni n trong cu.
- C 2 loi mnh quan h l:

Defining clauses (restrictive clause), (mnh quan h hn nh, mnh quan h

thit yu)
Ex: The book which you told me about was sold out

Non-defining clauses (nonrestrictive clause) (mnh quan h khng hn nh,

mnh quan h b tc)

Ex: The third Star Wars film, which has only been in cinemas for a week, has
been very popular.
- C 8 subordinator ca mnh quan h l: who, whom, whose, which, that, where, why
v when.
- Ch : Du phy trong mnh quan h rt quan trng. Du phy c th lm thay i
ngha ca c cu. V vy khi dch mnh quan h, ngi dch cn ch n chi tit ny
(a) The boys who were interested in playing football were disappointed at the
rain.
(b) The boys, who were interesting in playing football, were disappointed at the
rain.
2.2 Cc phng php nghin cu
2.2.1 Cu hi nghin cu

Sinh vin v ngi dch mc phi li khi dch nhng cu cha mnh quan h?

Nhng kin ngh nhm gip sinh vin v ngi dch trnh c nhng li ny?
2.2.2 Phng php nghin cu

 ti c tin hnh vi phng php m t nh tnh v nh lng da trn phn

tch v so snh. Ngoi ra c s dng phng php thng k
ti ch tp trung vo nghin cu nhng cu dch (c cha mnh quan h) t
ting Anh sang ting Vit trong bi dch ca sinh vin cng nh l trong cc n phm song
ng. Cc n phm song ng ch yu c l Special English, Sunflower, Heritage v cc
truyn song ng khc
2.3 Kt qu
2.3.1. Phng php ch yu m ngi dch thng xuyn s dng khi dch
nhng cu cha mnh quan h
Kt qu s liu phn tch cho thy rng 2 phng php ch yu m ngi dch
thng xuyn s dng khi dch nhng cu cha mnh quan h l:

S dng t ...m, lm phng php dch biu hin cho mnh quan h trong
cu

Dch cu cha mnh quan h bng cch khng dch nhng t quan h

2.3.2 Nhng li gy ra s mt t nhin trong cch dch cu cha mnh quan

h ca ngi dch
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy rng nhng li m ngi dch mc phi ch yu v
phng din ngn ng. y chia lm 3 cp : cp t, cp cm t v trong cu.
cp t:
Khi dch 1 t ting Anh sang ting Vit, ngi dch khng chc chn v t v h
c xu hng l ngay lp tc s chn t ting Vit m h cho l tong ng v ngha m
khng n vic ni dung t c ph hp vi hon cnh ca cu hay on vn cha
n hay khng.
a s cc cu m c cc li sai nh vy th thng mc phi li dch l khng gi
c vn phong ca bn gc khi dch sang ting Vit. Khi dch nhng cu c mnh
quan h, nhiu khi ngi dch mi ch qu vo cc mnh trong cu m khng l
mnh ang dch theo kiu t sang t, dch mt cch may mc, rt Ty m khng nghe
khng Vit cht no
cp cm t
R rng, v tr ca t trong ting Anh l rt khc so vi trt t t trong ting Vit.
V d, ngi Vit c xu hng ni trng t ch cch thc trc ng t chnh, hay ni thi
gian bao gi cng u cu...nhng khi dch nhng cu cha mnh quan h, ngi dch
mi dch m qun mt iu ny, v chnh s v ny gy ra s khng t nhin khi dch
cp cu:
2.3.3 Mt s phng php dch trnh nhng li dch khng t nhin trong
qu trnh dch cu c mnh quan h t ting Anh sang ting Vit

o v tr cho ph hp

Tch cu

Chuyn thnh cu ghp

S dng du gch ngang gii thch

Dch mnh quan h vi phong cch vn phong

2.3.4. Kin ngh gip ngi dch hiu thm v nhng li gy ra trong khi dch
Trong phn ny ca bi nghin cu, mt s nhng nguyn nhn gy ra li dch
khng t nhin s c a ra nhm gip ngi dch hiu c nguyn nhn su sa trong
li dch m h mc phi
2.3.4.1. Nguyn nhn ch quan

S thiu nng lc, kh nng ngn ng:

Dich thut lin quan mt thit n lnh vc ngn ng. Mt cch dch ngho nn chnh l do
ngi dch thiu vn t vng, khng c t ting Vit din t hiu cng nh l khng
bit t ting Anh nn khng th dch ra ting Vit

b.Thiu s hiu bit v kin thc vn ho

2.3.4.2. Nguyn nhn khch quan

S khc bit v ngn ng gia ting Vit v ting Anh

S khc bit v vn ho

3. KT LUN
Qua vic phn tch trc tip cch dch nhng cu cha mnh quan h ca cc
bn sinh vin cng nh t cc n phm song ng, ta thy c s kh khn trong cch dch
cu cha mnh quan h. Hy vng rng qua vic phn tch chi tit nhng li sai bng cc
v d in hnh v vic gi nhng phng php dch rt c th cho cch dch cu cha
mnh quan h, ngi dch s hiu su hn v khng b mc li nhng li m h gp
phi khi dich.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Ti Cn (1999), Ng Php Ting Vit, Nxb Bn i Hc Quc Gia H Ni
[2] inh Vn c, (2001), Ng Php Ting Vit, Nxb i Hc Quc Gia H Ni
[3] Nguyn Quc Hng (2005), Hng dn k thut dch Anh - Vit. Hanoi: Social
Sciences Publishing House.
[4] Bi Tin Bo- ng Xun Thu (1997), Interpreting and Translation Course Book, Nxb
Bn Gio Dc
[5] L Vn S (2003), Translation and Grammar. Hanoi: Culture and Information
Publishing House
[6] Hong Vn Vn, (2005), Nghin cu Dch Thut, Nxb i hc S Phm
[7] Nida, E. y Taber Ch, (1974), The Theory and Practice of Translating. Brill, Leiden
[8] Peter Newmark, (October, 1988). A Textbook of Translation New York: Prentice Hall
[9] Duff Alan, (1989), Translation, Oxford University Press, London
[10] Wiebke, Ramm (2005), Dispensing with subordination in translation consequence

on discourse structure, University of Osolo.