Physics 370 _Soluctions te Practice Probleme fir First Exam (chr 1-2) oO mea, 1h ‘Three inertial reference frames A, B and C are in motion ina straight line (along their x-axes) with respect to each other. C moves to the right at 0.8c relative to A, and C moves to the right at 0.6c relative to B. (a) An observer in B sends a light signal of wavelength J, towards c. The signal is reflected from a mirror at rest in C and is transmitted back to B. What wavelength X (in terms of 2, ) does B measure for the reflected light? (b) What is the speed of B relative to A? Give your answer as a decimal number, to three significant figures, times c. (c) A rod of proper length L, lies at rest in B along the x-axis. What is the length, L,°of the rod as measured in A? Give your answer as a decimal number, to three significant figures, times L,. @ Here the mirror in C First acts as a receiver fe the source in B; ther it acts «5 a Source for the receiver in B, In each case Source avd recewer are moving apart, se we mulbiply twice, ” the Doppler shift Factor ZB , where fim Hae case is Tig J ~ 8G) (tas) + 65)- §. = [r= #3] t6 7 oF RF : (W) Use the velocity addition Rrmule ue = GES + Here tet Abe S’, Che S md Bho the Fertil ia termineley, of pager 24-25, Then Up = —-O6e od ve —OBe, so Us (C8-66) Go.8e) 1-048 Gree — (a) Calculate the Y factors for each of the three particles: Id, Ym, Yam. (Give an algebraic expression for the first one and numerical values for the latter two.) (») Write down equations for: (1) the conservation of momentum and (2) the conservation of total energy for this process. (c) Solve equation (2) from part (b) for M in terms of m, u and c, and call the result equation (3). (a) Use (3) and (1) to solve for u, leaving your answer as a fraction times c. a (e) Use (3) and (2) to calculate the total energy of the original particle in terms of m and c, (£) Use (3) and (1), together with the answer to (d), to calculate the momentum of the original particle in terms of m and c. (g) Calculate M in terms of m, expressing your answer as a decimal number (given correct to four significant figures) times m. (h) Can the break-up described in this problem occur spontaneously, or must energy be added from the outside in order for it to take place? Explain your answer in light of the result of part (g). [ecm] C2) eG eee Ne ee ee ener oxPhysics 37%. -3- First Practice Exam Solations @ (cont) B2emfl-& @ © Solving (2) for M = Me 7 (A) Substituting (2) inte (1) gives (Hm me Ee)" as _ (F) Using @) and the anewer te A) in (4) yields a = Tm = Mu nee Ex once = om ie TIS @ 8) 1 alene. 2 (g) Using the answer to (d), ua Be, in G) gives (i) [ Yes, this break-up can occur spontaneously, since orginal parti ‘total of the two (mase of orginal particle) > Case the split)” thet is, M* f16Bm > 2mtm = 3m,Physier 370 ~t- First Exan, Practica Solating @ A spaceship of proper length L, travels past the earth with a speed v = 0.8c. (a) What is the value of f in this case? (b) At the instant in the earth's reference frame when all the earth clocks read t = 0, and the Clock at the tail of the spaceship reads t' = 0 in the ship's reference frame, a light signal is sent from the tail towards the front of the spaceship. Determine the time (in terms of L, /c) at which the signal reaches the front end of the ship (GQ). according to the spaceship clocks; (ii) according to the earth clocks. = a ot f fae ate + @ t= Ir” fey ay” [OR tame 00> ee wa (b) G) Em the rocket Frame the light travels a distance Le at th speed c, se 2 (i) Use the Lerests Eranrteomation eguaticy t= ¥(t's 22/) The reception of the Signal at the Front of the speech, taker lace ab t's lp ad x= Le, 5 -$[% + G2). gfe +44] - £[2 Se] = 3k © Note that we cannot simply use the time dilation Formula im part li), since the tue events of emission and recegtion of the light signal do not cceur at the same lecation in erther of the reference frames under consideraPhysics 3740 -Ss- First Exam Practice Soltine (a) What must be the speed of an object in order that its kinetic energy be equal to twice its rest energy? Express your answer as a decimal number (given correct to three significant figures) times the speed of light c. (b) Consider a particle of rest energy 2174.904 Mev. Suppose that by means of some very energetic decay process this particle splits, while at rest, into two identical particles, each of rest energy 505.312 MeV. The two identical decay particles fly off with equal speeds in opposite directions. In the frame in which the original particle was at rest, calculate: (i) the kinetic energy, in MeV, of one of the decay particles; (4i) the magnitude of the 3-momentum, in MeV/c, of one of the decay particles. @ The kinetic energy, Ex, i gwen by Eye E-me, where Ec Yoct is the total eneggy and meh is the rest energy, This Ey = Vc — meh = Ca) mel TF the Kinetic energy, ix tuice the vest energy we the, have E, Amer, or (fet) met = 2mct =p Pts 2 >GQ=>. Be te G-,)¢ se 32 0-p7* > 45 ee as t-e = 4 > eH Ft nee & () ( Conservatin oF energy telle us thet mycé = 2me™ +26, here myc i Be vet energy of the original particle, met i Be vert energy af one of tHe decay particles, and Ex # the kinetic energy of one F the decay pertides, Thus, EB, = Mee = Zed 2178, 90H MeV - 2 (505.312 MeV)_ NG 28 Mey z _ SEER Mey = [a= tr my. . qi) ising the “aay Ete pets wtc® we have -/fe “= fey (, omef =Gne)™ 5 sine Es Ee mck (582.14 MeN + 505-312 MeV) ~ (505.312 Mey) 312 MeV) (582.14 MeN + 505-312 MeV) ~ (505.312 Mey)™ ~/%2-712 & aa),Thysies 3740 -6- First Exam Practiie. Solutions © ¥ 5 fos fv —|__—_»> x: a x 3 x S and S' are two inertial reference frames whose origins coincide at t = 0 = t', S* moves in the positive x-direction with speed v relative to S. An observer in frame S notes,that two particular events are sep- arated by 3000 m and 6.00 x 10° s. In S' these same two events areg simultaneous. Taking the speed of light in vacuum to be 3.00 x 10°m/s, calculate: (a) the speed v; (b) the spatial separation of the events in S'. @ Use the ‘differences’ form of te Lore trans format At’ = (at Since the evedts are Simbbancous in S’, Gta 0, and the equation above gives =} (at va: vax. J o=t(4t 9) => 4% = dt foal < oa we een eee > 3 x fo? m 05x 101 Be Exot ? Grits " - —s fue Be are x pts ow ONS £Gx0*3) Ge [yrds rex eta] (B) By the Lerente tran Format Ax’ = ¥(ax - vAt), Thee Ye peer te et te A- 3 & ® *° * bx! = £foaon ~ (ar et Nlorw'y] - bosom] = = (1920) = [ae] " ain + 3Physics 3790 = First Exan Practice Solstins © ¥ s x ol A rocket-ship R moves in the positive x-direction with speed u as measured in the inertial frame S. A second inertial frame S' is mov- ing in the positive x-direction with speed v as measured in S, Calculate, in terms of u and c, the value of v such that the speeds (not the velocities!) of S and R, as measured in S', are equal. (You will end up needing to use the quadratic formula. If either root must be rejected on physical grounds, give a reason.) Let Up = the x-componeat of the velocity of R as mearured in S. Let UL = the x-component of the velocity of R as measured in s! Then by the results of Section £-3 in Tipler Leguation 4-24] on page at] we have 7 UW, v * L- (MMs ae We were given the fat tat in De statement af Ue problem. Notice thet to satirfy the Condlitvon of the problem Cie. that S/ chserves S ond R moving ith the same speeds Levdedtly with epual but opporite velocities |) we must have OSV Su. Tn fad, a little thought should convince you Hh there veletive speeds of Sand R with recpect te S’ are each v. thas (a= Y). Wing these resutts in the “velocity addition” equstion above we have (WV = =>v-YS i 7 Using the a Formula to selve thir equation, we Find ve £JF= FE - 222-8 =. 41: /t-8 & =e efis it fee "] - [Fe aa vost mast be a discarded, in order to have VE