VENETIANS CIVILIZATION (500 A.D. 1500 A.D.

Venetian identity is deeply rooted in very ancient times, prior to roman conquers: the
civilization of ancient Venetians (or Venetkens) which lasted for over 1.000 years. Venetians
used organization design and planning concepts to control the seas. They needed to manage the
sea for their construction. They developed double entry book keeping for the record of their
entry. They were more advanced in planning, organization and controlling. Gradually they
developed the thought of management.

CONCLUSION

Looking at the entire continuum of management thought during this early period of history, we
can conclude that management was strictly on a trial and error basis, with little or no theory and
virtually no exchange of ideas and practices. Perhaps inadequate records, poor communication
and failure to analyze the reasons for non-success lay behind this lack of profiting from the
earlier experience of others. Evidence of managerial practices clearly indicate, however, that
some principles of management were recognized in these early times and communicated at least
locally on a how to do it basis.

In general, it appears that the managerial principles employed were born out of necessities of
having to accomplish goals, and these principles were discovered over and over again by
numerous individuals in history as they went about attempting to reach needed objectives.
Thus, in these early times, management thought existed, but only in a somewhat nebulous and
unsophisticated state. Management as a separate process was not verbalized until Plato and
Socrates. Even then, the principles were not united in a scheme of management thought, nor in
there evidence of any chronological and building of various managerial techniques upon
previously conceived ones.