CAMEL in GPRS prepaid

service
ghlee@alumni.csie.nctu.edu.t
w

Outline

Evolution of IN
GPRS overview
CAMEL in GPRS
Discussion

Plain Old Telephone Service

Service logic were hardwired in switching systems.

Network operators discuss services customers
required with switch vendors. (no standard)
Once services were implemented, they were not
easily modified.

service
logic
hardwired

Stored Program Control

In the mid-1960s, stored program control

(SPC) switching systems were introduced.
As a result, it was easier to introduce new
services.
Service logic was not modular.

service logic
programmable

Common Channel
Signaling

In the mid-1970s, common channel signaling network

(CCSN) was introduced.
Signaling system number 7 (SS7) is the protocol that runs
over the CCSN.
SS7 network separates the call setup information and talk
path from the common trunk that runs between switching
systems.

SS7 network components

signal switching points (SSPs)SSPs are telephone

switches equipped with SS7-capable software and
terminating signaling links. They generally originate,
terminate, or switch calls.
signal transfer points (STPs)STPs are the packet
switches of the SS7 network. They receive and route
incoming signaling messages to destination.
signal control points (SCPs)SCPs are databases
providing information necessary for advanced callprocessing capabilities

SS7 network

The Introduction of IN

During the mid-1980s, Telcordia Technologies

responded to RBOCss request and developed
the concept of Intelligent Network 1 (IN/1).
Service logic splits from switching system, now
resides in service control points (SCP).
service logic
now here

Call Model

PICs represent switching system states that a call goes

through from origination to termination.
SSPs check TDPs to see if there are any active triggers.
If an active trigger is detected, normal switching system call
processing is suspended until the SSP and SCP complete
communications.

SSP
suspended,and
ask SCP what to 9

GPRS logical architecture

SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
E

SM-SC
C

CAMEL GSMSCF

Gd
MSC/VLR
A

Gs

Iu
Uu

R
TE

HLR

MT

Ge
Gr

Iu
UTRAN

SGSN

Gc
Gi

Gn
Gb
TE

MT
R

BSS
Um
SGSN

Gn

PDN

GGSN
Ga

Ga

Gp
CGF
GGSN

Gf

TE

Billing
System

EIR

Other PLMN
Signalling Interface
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

10

Transmission plane in 2.5G

Application
IP

IP
Relay

SNDCP

Radio
indep
Radio
dep

LLC

SNDCP

Multiplexing
layer

GTP-U

GTP-U

UDP

UDP

IP

IP

LLC
Relay

RLC

RLC

BSSGP

BSSGP

MAC

MAC

Network
Service

Network
Service

L2

L2

GSM RF

GSM RF

L1bis

L1bis

L1

L1

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

Frame
relay

SGSN

Gn

GGSN

11

Gi

Signaling plane in 2.5G

GMM/SM

GMM/SM

LLC

LLC
Relay

RLC

RLC

BSSGP

BSSGP

MAC

MAC

Network
Service

Network
Service

GSM RF

GSM RF

L1bis

L1bis

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

2G-SGSN

12

Multiplexing of network
protocols
IP/X.25

Signalling

Packet Data
Protocol

SMS

Transmission
Signaling plane plane

N-PDU

NSAPI

SNDCP
SNDC Header
NSAPI + Control

Data

LLC Header
Control

LLC Information
Data

SAPI
LLC
TLLI
RLC or BSSGP

13

User plane in 3G
Application

E.g., IP,
PPP

E.g., IP,
PPP
Relay

Relay

PDCP

PDCP

GTP-U

GTP-U

GTP-U

GTP-U

RLC

RLC

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

MAC

MAC

AAL5

AAL5

L2

L2

L1

L1

ATM

ATM

L1

L1

Uu

MS

Iu-PS

UTRAN

Gn

3G-SGSN

ATM

Gi

3G-GGSN

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Control plane in 3G
GMM /
SM / SMS

GMM /
SM / SMS

Relay
RRC

RRC

RANAP

RANAP

RLC

RLC

SCCP

SCCP

MAC

MAC

Signalling
Bearer

Signalling
Bearer

L1

L1

ATM

ATM

AAL5

Uu

MS

AAL5

Iu-Ps

RNS

3G SGSN

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CAMEL architecture
Home Network

HLR

gsmSCF
MAP
CAP

gprsSSF
SGSN

Interrogating Network

MS

Visiting Network

Home/Interrogating/Visiting Network

16

MAP/CAP protocol stack

CAP has the same underlying protocol stack as MAP.

Ge interface is first defined in 3G, but didnt appear
in 2.5G.

MAP

MAP

CAP

CAP

TCAP

TCAP

TCAP

TCAP

SCCP

SCCP

SCCP

SCCP

MTP3

MTP3

MTP3

MTP3

MTP2

MTP2

MTP2

MTP2

L1

L1

L1

L1

HLR

gprsSSF

SGSN

Gr

Ge

gsmSCF

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Overall CAMEL
Architecture
gsmSCF
CAP Interface
GPRS
Dialogue
Handler

Internal CAP Interface

gprsSSF
Internal Interface
MobileStation

SGSN

GTP

GGSN

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Detection Points (DPs)

GPRS events maybe made visible to

gsmSCF. DPs are points at which these
events are detected.
DPs can be armed to notify gsmSCF
GPRS event was encountered, and to
allow gsmSCF to influence subsequent
handling of GPRS session/PDP Context.
If DP isnt armed, processing entity
continues processing without gsmSCF
involvement at the DP.
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Detection Points (DPs)

3 different types of DP:

Trigger Detection Point-Request (TDPR)

Event Detection Point-Request (EDP-R)
Event Detection Point-Notification
(EDP-N)

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Detection Points (DPs)

TDP-R
Statically armed, initiate a CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is
suspended
EDP-R
Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is
suspended and gprsSSF waits for inst from gsmSCF
EDP-N
Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is not
suspended.

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GPRS Attach/Detach State

Model

3 DPs are defined:

DP Attach
DP Change of
Position GPRS
session
DP Detach

Detached

Attach request
AD_Exception

Detach

Attach
User- or network initiated
detach

Attached
Intra SGSN Routeing
area update

Inter SGSNRouteing area

update

Change of Position GPRS Session

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GPRS PDP Context State

Model
Idle

4 DPs are defined:

PDP Context
Setup Req

DP PDP Context
PDP Context Est.
PDP_Context_
Establishment PDP Context
C_Exception
Setup
Disconnection
DP PDP Context
PDP Context
Setup Ack.
Establishment Ack
PDP Context Est. Ack.
User or network
PDP_Context_
DP PDP Context
initiated disc.
Established
Disconnection
Routeing area update
DP Change of
Change of Position Context
Position Context
Routeing area update

Change of
Position context

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GPRS CAMEL Scenarios

2 scenarios for CAMEL control of GPRS

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Allows CAMEL control of GPRS session and of

multiple PDP contexts within 1 GPRS dialogue
Allows CAMEL control of a single PDP contexts
Multiple PDP contexts are controlled via multiple
GPRS dialogues.

Scenario 1 and scenario 2 are mutually

exclusive.
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GPRS CAMEL Scenario 1

Involves Attach/Detach state model

Uses less resource (tcap dialogue)
More complicated when implementation
SGSN / SSP
A/D
SM
PDP#1
SM
PDP#2
SM

GPRS Dialogue

SCP

Information flow related to

the Session
Information flow related to
PDP Context #1
Information flow related to
PDP Context #2

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GPRS CAMEL Scenario 2

Doesnt involves Attach/Detach state model

Uses more resource (tcap dialogue)
Simpler when implementation
SGSN / SSP
PDP#1
SM

PDP#2
SM

GPRS Dialogue #1

SCP

Information flow related to

PDP context #1

Information flow related to

PDP context #2
GPRS Dialogue #2

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GPRS Attach

The message sequence chart is too large to fit in

this slide. Please see the supplementary
document from 3GPP 23060 spec.
Notice the Insert subscriber data procedure, GPRSCSI (CAMEL Subscription Information) is sent
from HLR to SGSN.
2.5G HLR does not keep GPRS-CSI, nor does it
send GPRS-CSI to SGSN.
3G HLR could keep GPRS-CSI, also it sends GPRSCSI when doing Insert subscriber data procedure.

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GPRS-CSI

GPRS-CSI contains following information

gsmSCF Address
Service Key
Default GPRS Handling
TDP List
CAMEL Capability Handling
CSI state
Notification flag
gsmSCF address list for CSI
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PDP Context Activation in

2.5G

C1 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment

C2 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment_Acknowledgement
MS

BSS

2G-SGSN

2G-GGSN

1. Activate PDP Context Request

C1
2. Security Functions
3. Invoke Trace
4. Create PDP Context Request
4. Create PDP Context Response
7. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
C2
9. Activate PDP Context Accept

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PDP Context Activation in

3G

C1 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment.

C2 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment_Acknowledgement
MS

UTRAN

3G-SGSN

3G-GGSN

1. Activate PDP Context Request

C1
4. Create PDP Context Request
4. Create PDP Context Response
5. Radio Access Bearer Setup
6. Invoke Trace
8. Update PDP Context Request
8. Update PDP Context Response
C2
9. Activate PDP Context Accept

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CAMEL procedures for

charging activities
Procedure
ApplyChargingGPRS
ApplyChargingReportG
PRS
InitialDPGPRS
ContinueGPRS
EventReportGPRS
RequestReportGPRSEve

ssf ->
scf

scf
->ssf
-

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Discussion

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