in] Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
Lecture on Teaching and Learning
and Answer to Renan
Sar Jamal aD Agha (ha, 1236-1897 was pertaps the mst amous propo
rent of modems Hy ad ht enayd he stables popu of a modems nthe
Conny ance fs eth Born Asda nrtwestem Irae adopted the rene
Agen order to dance Nr em hie Si ongas He was educated at seminar
ies ran anda then sued moder sceees in nda beorecomng to prominence |
[faroyl aise frst thee 1260s, Upon he expen, anal aDin then
sparta decade associated wih academic reform Beeb ie arb then fr aost a
cade in Caro, teore beng expelled yet agan. He sport much ofthe BOs fu
rope—inPars where he pushed the enous ual Utes awutga (The Sones
TI with Matarered ASU (ne chapter 3) and ter ssa, i fl years were
pert at suite nicer to the rls fan and afer yet ane Dui the
‘Gtosman Ene, rough bath nar weresupeus a oy ad pty AS with
his ame ama aD ener hi ote postions wen necesary—suppoing aed
‘ppony bole moray, enanpe at denouncing ard aPenrg oat the Brtih
Eneire Hs consistent an however a 0 ree the ower and mage of temic
‘sri through modemyle reforms The tos presnted here—addesed to Hinds
inthe fist section and Chests inthe secondo ana ates ew that Maser
Can and must adopt mde scence ata meus of cileaterl sia f
Lecture on Teaching and Learing ows that te determination ofthese 40 circles is
impossible unl perfection in geometry is achieved
“Ths we can sy tha the nin Were the invents
ofantmetic and geometry. Note how nian gum
ls were transfer from bere tothe Arabs, apd ron
‘On Thursay, Novernber & [1882], i Abou Ha
(Cleat, he sid [1
Allow me to express my please that so many
an youths ae here, ll domed with wre ae at
{ainmets and all making great efforts acquire
Aowledge. Certainly I mst be happs to see such
offspring of Idi, since they are the ofshoots of that
India that was the cradle of hans. Human va
es spread oat ren ia tothe whole work, These
‘youths ate fom the very land where the meridian
‘Sle was ist determined. They ae fom the same
"eal that first understood the zodiac. Everyone
Inrnon: Poa and Rela Wry of Sad
tit pa ie om Pen ech
ty th Raley Une of Cao Pros,
"agp 11-108 1-17. Te fist sto m3
tae dled in 18 he eon pce wa st ose
there wo Europe,
“Tse youths ae also the sone of a that wis
he source of all he Las and ules ofthe wor.
‘one observes closely, be wil see that the "Cove
Romain." the nother ofall Wester codes, was taken
from the four vedas andthe shasras, The Gneehs
were the pupils of the ian in iterary ideas im
id postr, and Toty thoughts. One ofthese pupil.
Pythagoras [Greck mathematician, circa 569-475
fC spread sciences and wisdom in Greece and
feached such height that bis word was accepted
‘without proof as an inspiration from eave.
1, NMI RE Kedle, Sip Jama a Di a-ha’
Fhe 172) Ee Reon afta an A An se
ftw UnlendPltca Acs Me san
103(0% Sayyid Juma a-Dn aAfphan
[The Indians each the highest ve in phil
soph though The soi of adi isthe same sel the
tir of Inia isthe same ai: these youths who re
present her are fits ofthe sae earth an imate
SoLam very happy that they having awakened ater
4 Tong seep are reclaiming their inheitance and
suhering the fats oftheir om te,
Now I would like wo speak of since, teaching
and Jearing. How ificl itit speak about se
‘nce. Thee sno end or limi to sieve, Te bene
fis of science are immeasurable; and these finite
‘houphscannoc encompass whats infinite Bess,
‘howsands of eloquent speakers and ses have a
ready expressed thir thoughts to explain science and
its nobility, Despite his ate doesnot permit he
oto explain its vires
‘Thus say: someone looks deeply int the ques
tion. he will see tha scence reste word There
was is and wll eno erin the word ut science.
‘amis {Sammu-ramat Asysan queen ith century
2]. who reached the bordets of Tatary and Init
the nie conquerors weee nat the Chaldeans bt
ce and knowledge,
‘The Egyptians who increased their realm, and
Ramses 1 (Egyptian king, ved 1279-1213 mc)
called Sosestrs, who reached Mesopotamia acco
ing to some and India according wo teri was not
‘he Epysians but cence hat dit The Phneniians
‘wo. with thir ships, gradually made colons of the
rsh ses. Spin, Pou. and Gresee—in vay
its scene, otto Phoenicians, which soexpanded
their power. Alexander [Macedonian king, 336-323
1c] never came to Init or conquered the Indians
‘ater wat conquered the Indians was ence
‘The Europeans have now pat ther ands on every
satof the word. The Eaglish have eached Afshans.
‘sn the French have seized Tunisia, elit this
usurpation, aggression, and congue have not ee
tom the Freach or the English Rather is sience
that everywhere manifests greatness and power,
Ignorance had no alternative to protating seit
humbly before science and acknowledging its sub
Iason. Tn realty, sovereignty has never let the
hode of scence. However, this tac ruler, which
seieneis continually changing capitals. Sometimes
ithas move fom Eastto Wes. and oer tines fr
‘West to East Move thin this, i we stay the nehes
ofthe word, we fern hat wealth isthe result of
commerce, industry, and agecuure,Agrcutre is
chine oly wih agricul sae, ha
Shee. od set. polo
‘th hoses ebony, chan fem
sty
Tht cident al wean a
resutof scene. Te are mice nth a
Witt ccc, andthe 0 wea he
thr ha sciences. th we wel eg
tani nan indus work meaning a
i on ofc ee vere
in the world, —
suchen ewe slo
shown pens. The agus meno ae
scesand rover pep oe
Seen Thich vee fre el
toarsemiate kg Jost an iil
hasan oun ovn pt werk lee
the pond and inpaoe is tesa pls seen
ing the lw of com, st sees oa
sven refit ma eft dsninton i
siete st th oer fan ocr aeglen
toteniaccning tbe sso armen. Beas
vill ever thin, far else dens
baton of the sens ng sujet ha
will ese tot gvenment Wha advanage
thre a Zalaigo ing ely pot ad
bac anh enone al sch overt
AS the nobility of cence has Ben somewhat
life ens who sy some wor tnt
Ilion wen sec. teatng nd erg
You mst kw tht each cn a pst
jest deals ih ug thence ad
scoenfthrspcl bet Far camper
ise the spec ef cst cs
the eters wr abd with ts omn specl gu
tn seas ofthe pci fetes ots with
‘znd analysis an compost, Plan eee
“aon ites oly lana te sae a se
cost Arnett quis td
lytic Nee hse secede
He we tre wel we wl eam tht cach ae
ps sees whose ahs a spec mate
ete ny face Nata he
Fanaa is existence individually and sepa
an re be the cause of benefit for the human
fy exten ofeach ne of hese et
oa rate io aoterscience, ike the relation
SPerhmetic wo geometry.
edo ne ccs fr te sins can
erect fom th one sence el. Thos
pe Gort sec were ulated progress woul
i ved int nr woul reat. Tos
mires mee oe the copehensie sol
{rio Senos so th can proce ire
Pn cash thm ins poe lace,
SEER Sit pmeesfechone orto
Since tht has te poston comprehen
peta he ak ose Tne
Se for iso Resne t b
Snel spo ta oss an
emu pees, lsh the ec ht
‘etna Temploys cach of th sees
PF Cama dd ane pio an al
dint hatcommanty wee ese ithe
Sener wth pct jet hove sens
{San cat ith nay fo a etry. hat
se hundred year Tat cmon witb ie
‘fir piksophy ould dee conelsions
om tse scenes:
“he Oman Gaver an the Kha of
rapytane been pening sco ore ech
tomo sence rape ya nt
tow cy have at eee ny beef om hse
‘sciences. The reason is that teaching the philosophi-
‘SToccnces warns a hoe schoo. ad
fecamc of henoetne of psy 0 fi
Sram om hse us ha a bs
Crombie pt of noha en in
the nots gis pe ty eas ey
theme npn fhe European Sumi
toute sven to efor ir hgdons in
Sond wi scene Also ty woul! at sen hei
Sin ach yea Earp conti for eda,
“ue weld orn eae fom re tah