Plant breeding and crop production, both by traditional and biotechnological methods, increasingly rely

on plant tissue culture (in-vitro culture) as a mainstream tool that provides key opportunities for plant
quality enhancement and subsequent economic sustainability. For example, the development of pest- and
disease-resistant plants through biotechnology depends on a tissue-culture growth stage; as a result, these
resistances enable growers to reduce or eliminate the application of crop-protection chemicals. By
propagation in vitro, new and/or elite plants can be mass-propagated with far greater speed than through
traditional methods.