Tespt: |, 5-6 1. Statte- ERectem magneter Feels (20-4 07>) sate Cn ee Per 3 vt weves (rvansem cssion Genes) Teepe ty gor — Hd ted soeves (Feangomertal 1s feo sepberorussiove.} 5. Fundamentals oF entennas (Radcated, Waves) _®& STATIC “ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS: eR 5 J cavee ae a FRastcle, wave’ - ke ae aus waves - mass Bre Lf ~ E-ReaWh-y 34's an enexgy Feomat that ¢s ath acmund a chawge and cofluences others chacyes: u -Feetd -> Bris an enrexqy Format that cs ahh arsetind a, _ meveng change and cofhuences othes meveng changes, ~ [Ea ae < cofcumbs Baws] = mas Renee pat (AcceRewt”) — = : SS. TKS) & tewenta’s Caaf: F 1 deeptacenent-s(v.6) a PE as 1a) eerie a ede =-0§ = woraedone(Pefled) t0 monmexee Fed shenues is Hee Ace cy) Sphewrcal Pecty to moe F-AS=o0. se athe wood ePluence etamt\e Foo Léneas foste - Se ae-= mea em eect Frets. The paxwcce cs acceQe-smAed A hence Areacriveg enemy 69 eoote'c Feetds. >.HThe wesk dnfRuence co magnetec Pees cs a force, erty when the chawge cs mong usét, oo ~etecs Niach thet Fee CV as). mvt the, cmse Product means the foste cs \F es) etocety Ze hence Ate dcsblacemenp oo WeskRone ¢s Newso. & Enengy acqyucwed co Rew —wesutteng cy a Céscekaw Path. we ot CePA Ne ae Cotarre'c) Teme Srdefedent BP eo Stattonesy ——7E~teekd Enewgy) cherage Accumuaten Dec. Vettrage sees es 5) Grates) Teme dndebamlent Q Meveng ———_ Heald CEneng 4) wetheay Acceleseicion wet Constant Vekocdty (a>) ch Aceplacicg benexely woth tem. aw nape cause e+ Kt 2ae = K+ T= const. (qptee eh De cecemenh (canis) De ! . ‘ Sor 3 a3 —_ Benen CSSA) Sy Tne aying Feels Weth Accelero = 1D Analogces Between E@ectsre BR Magnetic Feedas E — > Eectsre Freed Sateeasta ta Pome tee ae Stength of he Fce@ at Seg) Peet CB the Tlgdon ot study (space). onet —F voRs/n, 3 Vector BW 5 Magnetcc Feeds Sntensetg vned -y Ambefm » verre B Magnetce Phucc pensety y Venton, vney y Weber /,a D> Ehectare Fluse, Densdty » vectors ener ape nloromte) O wf t- € oF P eamencteety oF Ne eden Recher ie! Bemm eh Metactees -Peekel erie the: eatin, Gee. a7 4: €, = The east posed ble valve oF peometevcty tos any medcum en the wks = Pe~emetevety of Fwee pera, = G6 8S X10 Fads /er, = '[serxr0% a> Pesmeatoelety of the medeum Abetery 4o pert mogne tee Beeld cote the medeum a, = The east posscble Vakue oF en the wos): pesrncabekety Fox any enedeurny = Pewmcalocte+y Oo twee Shace =+ = umxio Henery fin Ww wets eee a x= a = \ AW se ease nro) jwebes = Hea X Aimbs ee met ee = \ a Ps mM © | ear { — Feauses of Ehecter'c Feetds- vartous charge Despe! ie Peat choage — & ealpairlogi(éj— els “eRect rer), \ ~— ch pe Ay Toreansmecescan Le. Lene chawye — TL ry = ne. — — ¥ __ & Wwevequcdes” Breer creme — Ta Ter oa ee As hate Vohume charge —= to Sn? — = : P__ Pefplertin Reg et LES a : Deore! a One kphe we. . 2 Aa : wy av = -Causes of H-feetds - Vawtous cusvent Deshributvons Pocat Curren: Pitwievead ds ae) Lene oe Ambs ses Co cater’) «Sh SOHN TY toe OPS ie t ; = v Sheet coment — k — Crecter) whan oemy — 5 — MY (PEs Tog Crvectod) SEVECTOR CALCULUS VOR ee te sy Ar * EB seipaniy ain veaz [ess ewectdorph cumutative oo Total Smteyoa tes Ettects of © bhenomenen es Ss cn a spectFee Heresies En & geven ~regce: DPexsaeriol M2. SAwtantnedhs Etecdls OF wale oF change Dewiwatves. Gnakys’s of & Phenomenon, en a Shecctce Acweckon, en a Geven owegren YY? Pek ceewatos - Vector pewivative opewntoy of a, yz 3 3 ay d * 3% —y Rate of change oF a qmantdty en the three Acmenseons En the three olersecteongs . => used +o anakyse the wete oF change oF Spenieiy akong urdty she Acvectton oF change .| a Solas Canes vectr Fu, —? sea et nettor Scalarss st Vv YA Devesgence of Vectors: Scales Necro a, a ~FReaion - XK — cok oF vectors —7 vectors Feanck’on, Ofe-watos Vo oo — Beata Laplacean wr RTE = COR (OPH Seohad) = Khe waje CF Change anahyses oF O seakrn aeieg cherstons JY wesatss the Seahors - one ay. cn a Vector Panction cathad 29 ” Srec\cent "of S4'g AerweetdoneQ Aewtvateve excs4s cy onky . eo) the wate oF Change analyscs CF Vectos tn the Soe ek the Vector cs 7. ho Deveugerce oF A whech results ea ° a scaQers Funct’on. Scmclasly wate oF change analysis +0 the Acweciton Of the vectow wesuhs cy A Vector {* +0 tre oer Fencteon VY XA > Caw oF A- a yentor SAankitg '> 4. Vx = caret (Gad oF Seallas) = 0 ge ye CP RA) DON (euwk of vectes) =O BY XCIKADS vA) - AW) VTA“ VA out F009 = steer sth, x Aveo = Can Stor},4 The +tetak octet lous Thvemgh any enclosing Suace oy Ave, owreund the Cause es always Constant & thes Constant depends on the cause at the centre. 7 Conscdes a Cause whose effects Are ota two) & Beveno\ Sut Asom the cause. 35 ath Sth Setuakons the effect cneveases c's avea of Puesence Steergt, Aecveases ¢m the psocese such that Stet Flow = Sista | X Avreatp = Constant Constant Cause —__.~ elentste> cause CSaesce) _ = Ye Electve te Fax/ Coat E¢fects — Ctctward) trom Sousce/eause ra Syrengtny —) .Cenetenk Aensety Flex Fines Ae Densety Sean chap me accesses “retal dosed <— Gauss Law cn sntegval Ferm DAs = | bas = de Net Gauss Law NoTE !- SR the cause €s a change -then the effects rem ste ehavge wehech awe webulscve Fovres on any chowge , these effects awe Sethe as “ERectere Flix’ - LAre Stoengt, cs cafled as FReex Denséty" ~y The eyol, Flux ow the tot effects ovew Pe SuwPace ercLoscag the Cause cs Gras =H Ka Chesed Poth st Paopetrde net Coast. cs 4 then Om Comets fe Syauss's flow -ov LR the Sueface ry dF 4he euwface ¢s Set enc Rowcng es cen then -the effects om the Plo coweseeing. defends en Ahe Swetace asea & the Stwengiy such that > As = De SThes's not Spesss Law aA 5 ie ; ds & Every choced| Suwtace cs cllente teed wads, a Fencte Nrelume enclosed: - SPhese 4927 —— 113 mgt 3 ewe ea> —— a (ects) Geases) A supa c's a vectos has & Uncae dewectron bet wiohame cf atways a Sealer M CemeeRation & Cero im SW eee eee he ee © CéweRotton = Steengit x Legtht = Conss %K CArse The cemtufation €9 20y4 cCQese! ene awound the Cause on the centsat cs always cometant & oF Aehends Cause - ERtecis (arms) the cae — Magnetéc Feetd egnete Eceta 2 ; constant Srcengih ary — Intenséty— eae ii nce \B). Xl oscucperst (nbs) Souste oe conse “ ’ Je Thes cs Ambewe's Lao en Suteqvak a Fesey. Nore = 7 Every Bose Une has a Fencte owen encheced.eg cesrRe alo Ts> Sqeorse Ya am HH StAmonawy te Ay Qik change. D - Steength aserd the change — As ie 25 fle Guyer _ as. aa (4s =v.> “Welume AV aids : Lathe tame. \ cera Be ea arg at = ty a Lage~se the change, ; < Serre Giese nish rat tee Se endesoh wocher, DY Seatog (on rae 3. “7 the Obematron VD SAncFres -the wate eroeye analyses o-8 lewtvative cy —the Aersecteros oP vectes Ber SegncPees, the ste+PRow Pes Unct hgdkatna Vie hence a ScaWas wesuttant Pancites, ° gs ogre Ho Strength acound cucsvent — AD. Al, AL 4 Gee Ane G #- AAP) 2 oen-7 ane Ane. aula re Ampese’s Law es eae |e Dewectrorad co [Ves = Je Peeat Roory Pew ateve Yas enckulles auekae Deters aS SRS a Vector,2) Devewgence & speke's Theesem :— boas = a= (nav = SG. dav Gans, Devewgence “pheewery/ A845" Osteo goals hy Tresreny Baan Bee gaat (s. as = S@xHas Mee ee, StoKe's Thesrem a cotourhs | HT: Amps Gauss Law Ampewe's haw Cc sreccrd 7 mare Shad. ‘Stoength —“— a r CeQoembs Ans Levenbis aw ue Amierstty- Ni 26 Yew E B- Weber res | Peer Kee Oe oe Bhy causes “y Ellectsce Feet ov Magnertce Reel, have physeral meosuses oF BeewA Stwengty éo tewms of Fouce end also mathemattcatL measures cn tevms Sf Aerwtvateves B& ~ causes /sountes - toweves the Acrecty cen Cheetre - Reetds cs tesed Foo mathematical measuwe @ entenccry én magnetic Peetas cs eased Fou Mathemafcal measure - vy Viascwel’’s Eeyuattons ou Stet’c lectro- -Magnetee Feekdsr 7 Teme Snclepersient Not ot Ran oF tome, > Bret py be Space ~: rE) (4, % onky 25F We cs ‘coaerend® (42) then “Un ttoen Freel”See © Srteqrar Roent @ Erect ona) Desaivay ye Lae 1 dpoas-a ened Sa VeD=h, * gear =o dn Hi eee, © Ervotateons Necten > wid ae tes Pls . bB.ae =0 : *§ vb vo Carte, 4 GHALST 4.x HoT Noter- IH Ekectoer Peels cs Acvergent 2 changes cy lewed” OF Vectos cts eha ~~ 4 ee she oewec™ oF este ais ches, Devewpgen: Hence Wee 5 4 Teer dh froverg + ene eck an totes a WKE vo & St Ssoreapes meh ‘ sthematcentty ae Yxe=o v*G>-° () )ev.e-s ord po =O For Mealeum | dF © és consh Ae Ho deveppnce gu Homogeneous 7" ow Scher vcd (Rotator > KD = chy) aR age ||ee ee 4 A way of addvessing pocnis en a pie couaiena Be demenstomal Shame Foom a knowy “yB en Fendte: asthagonal planes CSheet) %Y, YE,RK Planes Cawtesean. CoccRsnate Systems y 2:9: UNMForm Plane waves Rechangutarr Wwarvegucile, Sheet chaoges (Phaoae Syprmety) wwexenence - Pasametews t- 4,7 uney vectous + A, Ay Pa, at entencte Cene (4 2ecall) A-axce co-ewalcnovle Systems —? eg + T cocmryeng were, Co-acceark cable Cylendociest Sarid test “i/o Pavamerews'- T,$, 7% pack Ve Crows *— es Age Lene chawge » ss menage (aseg Lene symmetry) Siphesten co-codicnate Systems 7 a> pees chowge SS 7 Antennas Pacametens'— T, 9%, ¢ (Pocnk 54 >) vnc vectots - oe M0, EAU Comowelenate systems awe cunst osthogenal, n° Jard\y systems: pe osthonosrmal ea er, SY! ee % @ presthogona® (Ber Poed\ucts) aoe aa é ; 7 ge NS/ Bin) By = Ag BRO ee = a oN 8) Oy Oe = Ay By = AR AD 4 J OPthenowmas (eves Poeducts) pes et ORAL 2 Rant tae) % eee 7 emeg. epee Tn Hy SS gira ToAe Kalo ay Ry =o er ae Creotesdan co-cwlcnate Systems a ee eee Y x 4 coe | a=: 5 x ; Zz Y ze x ys Angle AnfecQocueg, a Ceabare at Move RE hand x = The Sheotest Aestance ow Lf of the enetlene, bocst Bepm YZ Plane y Renge © © 0) $ The @ocus OF aRR —+he boents wet, 2c Constant cs an enPencte Sheet pecatteQ to o the Y2 Pane - peers The Qoeus OF atk-the Poents wen % constant bY constant cs an co Gine parwatted to the A- axes 4, K Constant ~y pont Pec Saree ee ess % Cylendwtcak Co-cwrenale systems Ta The wadcal Acstance ow Shewtest destance ot the beck he wefevence Lene. Regge = (5, &) y The. Cocos OF Ath ~the Peente weth P= constant c's a qgkintes Arwen the wefemence ine. Yon. Lere wean ot, Concentpcc= The heegnh of the pees Glog) the weference Ronge = Co, 8) phe Qoeus oF a2 the beets wcth F constant & Z corstan &S & concenterc céwrle aspund the weRewence Qene- be Thay serisahetes: angle SPINS oder Grows) the wemesence Qene- Renge (0, at) Pocat Transtesmation (- Agent mica feremsetienys -\ toes FEO ae ephewtink comwle ie Soaiene i Waethe wradeo@ Acstarce ot the Pocnt “som the eP. pocat Rorge fo L®)$270 Ra 2ueRous eA praca Hired out go MBro Lospolsesa.o @4L Le 242220 Leojsves 79 so havin so 2yra7o BGL ~B Baoydg amp Yo B27? Ne 52 4224m agwq wv Sey \eeurrIAo BYOD Bh SO Reauslows sup pase svewhes yooloes ayy Pete Panyen 9 Geer S9x0 fdvvabows HE Gigeo \pevgoue Heubss yeron 0 Drop B asaude ep FO selvoo MH CBr sox Raribous vo aelpasuen @ Urey © sed ~) Bpeaye Feejsues =O 20 Lopterskspueee ~ aren aseyds PP TSLOD +2 OM Go Byaaas Sp 250qG eea0Ym %WeD “© Jo aYWo wuLLo Siw Revsaom SS = Hered s2uaeedae 24} lume. sasyde 228|seV009 F +reisven 2 4AM Mer0Gq By, ayo tO Gn70z 247 Penh Vesunstoomateen += ode reaeegnats Se 2 CyhendasticaR “a Spherical Sn et Assume emagdnery aruy EN Sphestea’ cto be Z-axcs ee axcs ez const Cece p> &, >, 2) 207,89) 3st ket Amagenesy aoee's ek Spheedcah Ce-emdcnate System ceenecdes wOrh Ar ancs OF cylenduresl chajes Bice Ge eS POEs, tn beth the Co-evalchates- Pa Bsene sez feos ¢ =- ¢ y= PoP) z= ocVese 72S Ca-stescan <> sphericad eer Oa ac = ow scene. cosh we Seno. Sen f cose 4 = mye walt ayeMe LNct Vectows & ore hegenatety aes uney Nectow of 2 pavametes ~ a4 has a unct magnettasle. ZB a Acwectdon en tohech the Pavametew cotweases , Casstescay Co-crchaje Systems 1 - * ee at Ayla, Lax - ., ay Ay = The dewec? along the 2 - axes. The Acvec? wheal, &5 newmat to the x= cone} Suwface. CYZ Plans) Pap a Aq AU og we not powalleh buat Redcakly upward . a Rageatly metwars teem A~arces se Vengentealty AsTUnd the A- cvs a Lenenrhy atony Ar axccs xz a Oy + age hy> — & one Nectos Transformatdon t- a: ae = cos¢ ¥; é ay. Oe = Seng % oP Reng = coop 2 -$oe = 1O < ay age —senp = ca(terd) | z z x Epenable re gdentcfy Ap, ag on the fotewsg Aragon ae AZ Bye 5 Aewms of castescan endt Vectors: Ager oat, Spe aids % SPhewreal @o-osd\inate Systemes aie ay \ = Vesttcally %om tole to + bottom of MPhewe“g = Heer ncn tally Srvetand “the sphewe ee toast apt Pos % Lene, Gustace 2 Volume ant. us 7 cine as a Vector 1- St has a dewection en wheer the Leng, \Pawametes encreaces. % (cawlescan’) a =4axa, + dy ay f . +e Ay x A Lene can Proiect en & poseedhe Advectdons beet has Senghe Acmenséon. (qtersreet) Fiz spay rPapayr dey y’ “4 = * NOTE |- ie eee Sn angqulas devections the = Pax hd Rengt, calculation a $ f es not a Stead ht Qine caleufatees, ays O euwvatuse , hence Pengty st cusvehor = Radios Be Ange Sreblended :NOTE !- Sq the P deweetess The Length whee depen on the Tadteus OF Curwvatuse depends o5 the hecght on she SPheve Ce: On Aye O . The vTaddous of cuciatowe, Pos any G constant edscle do wEscene. go ahs FEC IP Ay, [ae 4a ae | % Sucface 25 A ~ectos (— St has a A&ectdon en eonech the vectow ayttarbety Con eet theough the susface . L Sthas a Adwectean wheeh eS Newrma’ -to the ehane wh the suwface 2 ct's Oncapre » (Hence tone os tre — dere? ct-susPacd), X =o ane Yu Plane cs) is Noewmoalk +o susface » Dowee of susbace. A, tangentcad to surface = Crowmtges)Ae srceface (oe as = Andaz a, 4 dzde ay + decdy «| guscFace Has A Acmenscone wWheeh C% Pwaiect ete 3B poesseble Acwectcons . [Eqtenroreeat) ds = Papas ay t ADAP A + Faraga,| “Raconctant suwRace z ae — Newmat -to sterPace Ap — Dewectrer SF Sresface = az a Tae “Pp a ag 8,— Tangentea{ te ste Fare (sheen) Js = co Bine d0ag a ¥ TSO AP AT Ay + wards 6g SR % ioc nha AY Aw OF hyd ay + Wh aedea,, Burner jo eusicte Aig ag- WE Ae SePFoce== kD, Yann, 9 2 Ser face COM tent Nove Present "Toes Bangi 2 tony gh $0 dowd coud be. Shee ay Nobiee’ ae Ne ontiant hence Raditve,” POs i Bie heme VoQumy's Scales, ¥* Volume as a Scokas *- ST has an the yee. eae ee eee Acmensions Varcable a here Oe Rergtte craks +h % Acimen: | AV = Andy Az = TAA Tas 0 Bcn Aas de4q $ Sealers toephe. Peodwct- SLMS . RK = Auda Ay ey + Aw aw le Garshy) 4 2 Cini) + Br “| Soy a POL ov R- Dae | Bay 4 DAL (conte) mie? eee ers phe to BON) Boe 4 ee Se eg” Yee | = BRAD Ohy Bia YAS per Tear t ee a \ 3 (6 3én9 Aa) oe 2 _(rsén0 Ae) Sry | ae Aa eg OO Vise OP Tsing 2% ;PVA = Sine 3 Gene Ag) BA oe av +a + ooh seg, y Beyer a9 eectsecc Fears, vectors whoce D= B Pecos y a, Cf me Fend Volume cha, Aensety Ry ot iG hs, » “SS FAB = st a PB z cog 2 fee = [Ozeesp- \ 4,0 teecethorael sn. 2 rte a = Leos PO AR Biss Vid) o/2 Repeat the Sacre)’ a Sssheuwn BD = 5 feces $2 yD Note °- oe aed Geven an etecture Peetd whose BD = Uxpea.t Bagay + \oayn a, Cf vot Fen the Fax Pera Saerr: she Suwkace Gee wet, Ore eS XZ Pry ORY be y Bas =h OC AKD ‘ : Sasori dad 2 ox : sot be BO) ie © ingen ; a S= Gmsco eb eat ne Feo a Re Hee Boureey Ge 5(¥-3) Xs “fn ge ks Nate : Poy OCG KP = ((s Creag eee ies as - B2ro TK 10s Peo CKolourh, . Pa Cust oF aANeCtos * VRA = 1 thO, he, bw | hyhibs] 2 3 3 ae SSG SLES TM PEERS: Gauss Law i Statewenty > fie net eLecterc Plux Leaveng any closed Suwtace CS Bkways equat to the change enclosed, én the volume ” ko go. 4s <@ eee [Bide sys Ths see pe tm a FRase ¢ wesse, We Feperds on Avessr dee UD) awean s. ob eg ete fetq.The wood ERectree Flux stands Fes the fect Ren te trom a Ne Charge On Gry tve & tes¢ choage. whieh cs Tebulsive Pooce moarkcanty oe Rooen the. chorgge Hence eRectwee Ferd dewectian of Khan Aiwectéon c the Acvettcon oF Fowce on a qe test chomge - As Seen eo the Ateqzom @ chavge c's akways ea ot eRectsre Flux CF cts a 4ve change. ae Soucsce ‘ i eres : 2 Ser, 8F eta @ ve he bs anata eck 45 ei ganar” = ee [etl Gauss Law eq Retat From ach Gaugs's Law Apphecatéeg 4! ehigs: domed A Feit ea Cree o suePace of Some a ey Soe T A Bien. “Aremy Recht cherye ene D> constant. Coneecdes a choses Sphestcak Symmetere ee amwund the pomp chawge, The es “the. sume ay MOTE \- Mote waussdan Seo Fae any where eon the SPhewe siwengh exewy Roem ce eyucdcetant Foon “the charge, hence, p-As P =o = constent sure pas = id consy “§ x Ag Acceey”™ eg SH p= a— eee ee eae) oruqwared Pull Poke NOTE | coleumb ak a dcHPesent mescwe oF Peared young whee, cs Cathed as ertensety eohe'el's “the Rexce: expesdenced ONO test chasge &. he wekared +hcs Perce FH shame weltknship by raseng the ses E€ as Shown. = G2, ae & RR SS ee ‘a, €& “wes. é ae nrenstt'y @y 8a Oe le co fscarnlas Rass UTE so” WWowk@oe atS Pha, oe ean Axa -. RO ute a> area yy t ae id . 1x 2 4. 4 BU 3 nS x sine op a6 -o re bh 2 FE od 4 sie e ’ rs ‘ e or pe - (u8s)x Peete a Ca3) cube “SCA SE ARC < (Cue) FECES & eee Peseay > a ALND = PBR, i eee Per ee 2c wy De'stence oe outse Sha at ra = 6 oe gf (aoe eS en af oe:centee (A, - 3,2) ce ae Rea 7eK* (ereest <6 NES Jeaear ye % Refeatthe dome af OF chasye's a Gre charge, ot erate \5 94] Qo cages OF HH YER Foo nh a. e es & Crbe As Sheudy. “SS HSE - eeu) we 4SKkio OCR ROT Be SuvFac ap ar : © — ¢ ae ooF i 6a 2 eg tconsddes A Lose Sehertcal Sy mmerpce Gneeres BxcPace Cascade the chavge as D cs Same evegwhese . (becomes rere Lie Rceate’o > & a a D.$ =@ tely STs 7 we rk > Oey fa PHS: Sei GBs he > ft ore se & a2 : & wv Ry & a 3 yg a a oe D= Ws e ‘ > E= tus L eo é geD E KH SGiaree Magnetcc Peeks '— ay Beot Savant Lew i- 3's alse catted as Ambene's Law ——— a Fes Cureserrt eremnents, . Grad +5 4 Artpets céeusrt Cav At —y peer cussent etement ~y Basce cause When \ki}7 0 — : = Redee! x Reedontey Fos eS nt Ao pocn} Taerection Ot any echt =Ae DAK as eee ee Brave gs qs” Lat eR Bie Lowent2is equation geves a Physteal measure OF ° Peete Stsength en . magnetde Peeks as Flux dense che + Newton weber/pn - Aa Seen evs Feste/s see Paceeds inp) a ee ee oe - - = Basvecaye TAL A Dense Imense a wr Cause pees ee ¢ u “4 i oe eee ‘GS Aven 4 (8, Tae Note t- AN ee ‘ ¢ Newte er ce: oe eee eee Bs Fees, ot m e res ees ) A derail « Mesos og AE a SREP on prem — Amp = oo, my — RX Geuss's Law Apphecatdon Ai ELectore Peed steergty ete Lene change fe aratyses arceurch a enter Cheese a Qarsscon SusFace cone cis Kymmetmbal F0 apd ict From omuse: 2 NOTE Consedles A concentrerc Symmetor'e eylendoren Gusface acount the Rene cheaqe when then DB cs constant evesywheve , hence $ most. Das =& Pe const = re Gis Devi iz . > D: PWC NL ee are | NT:-o rh analyses awound an dnFindte Se Magness Feet Sirens qz-axts considers a smath Length avbetoudhy at % hesght ge catcufate the cnevementah Strength dae te “he Ene-semmentat Length & “the total Strength can be cadeudtoded aogiy Extegvat con aks TAZ A,X % AL ~Az A a — an(a+t) = Zz s +f = tae 4x (Tp 24) Pg Pee AT ety Pia. IAr(T Agle br(maryhies cy = ZT At oO, Ze Prev te Q an fem ? dz = P sects oO “oo Tr ae ec ey - op = J ue Psetoe gaan (5. Asiehaane’ Pe E- Peers W Feetaey 1 Ec nde Ls [Te > eae a ° me to Cconsddew & ain Qengin Orstibeteree' hy On the Sere g aatendete the SHoength ue te thes chavae Qengtnh assumes cp +e be & Pernt Charge. ae TxA S FUAx -5 = Qa Aye Be 5 re Car (hae ee) a Are 2* 4 ats aS .. are =: et ‘fo. - Oasjne 406 et ee ) te Peel ore ee ATE a Ke 9 = (Ut 1) + _ om. _. 4 AT oe =) = oe adds BtQ Repest the question CF the Cassemt was FRoweng on emtese Y-axes beet met on the 2 -axcuy oe: oe ¥ LABte Re ome te = Pete RTE Fou a Symen etse’e Carmen Acbtetbuededa, meognetec Feet at the geemertte centre cs aways Maxémum, Foo O Symmeters Chocege Acerpe breton ~e leche Feel4 at “the geometere center c's ours Aewe. he rat xox 2th % 4 ene, ane Pad Cr) Ah -= - TAP Sg C tet iow Ate 72 pata) = erie i" wT ey Ae e f eee ees) aa, 3) es ZL f R (48) 7 avoiot (0-0, 3648) Coe ae aL 7 ' n wien ee 60 d y Or" eeeSS SSS Se mice se ee ade 2,2) Any Pecat SS ae tear Line > Casa, 2) Any bein —9 CX, 457) TfEnr ey Ye cleced -stevtace cotegvat OF Be Marwetts Shapu pas H Heeld Cenes awe always eResed c's catune fos ony chose Stetace - Jas rehA Uenes cannot stast/end et ery pecnt, ce. ~/ egnestc eed Lines have ne Sorwste OF Senk podots . » wag netce Feetd has no Aevesgence ov cenvengence af Ry BS ent < vy-B=o C Awotand, the cause ) Wp [Mogneter Feta es solenocida i], Ty pve ea = 8 | 68.45 =0 * ty. aro 7 Monopote| Always J vi HQ ~ 4-7 PEpote ! ; Magnetic Lcerd has 7° eqyervatent OF csolated change as én E-tealde, ces Magneree Menelrotes Aest exest. Ge 2vET cause oh mag netic Feetd cs A Acpole - ee : 5) Evewy cause of H- Feels os a depohe ony - : Bas mognet ) Roses corset Crrye eres. - nee cs Based Seo cds Reet B also cased , - Cais GY B cQeseq Cueeeent carmeycey eve és a mognercc = Agpole wet engeporebte N ES pokes: Fai the CE ee ne 2 Endecteg cucent 2 Leaveng cucvent at any Jeeneteon “ T needs 2 Poloattres +o -F Row.He Potentead Geadcent & closed Lene Solegqual of B .- Pokenteak ~) A scalas measuve of eRectrre Feel ta +e0ms of eneray at any peest cm the Feekd + Ty He. SP seg & E, Bp Ferqzeoue. : VA Enemypfenuse 7 MOKA agus. Ayia Seliets aie eek bgt ehenme Ae meee ete Change oe = ML. Seles eee eo (Co bumlo , Work = Fowce- Desplacemesst awe Fak C scalar) Aw =-@E.ak work cs dene by the charge only when c+ moves opposcte te Feek Acrvecteoy enstead’ ca the “Fret Acwectton Hoek cs alone OF the chawge by the Feld. we -& (e.an WN os {E- Ql acee A Mee le = Potenteal aettewence ay ceRerence B! hos Vaso “they \,'e called os “absolute bojenteat’ Ct t bgwent (1,0) Bry ty, 7m (Seay). Cdr ag day) oiler i pope So I “f po ye | - 6 Bd ae = tafnade (ae qeonsfeom yh 2 ente cx tewms usicy bath oF cotegenten oe. the Kaew eet abet bo 2.4 2- g (2): Ax Cans? Note y se 4s { (eG aaty ay Plana means Za const aay R= aT tesgse ¥ 6 a.at = DB + open (aa a @ ®B ars Ata a ue Spat = Sega : ee ee Me ~@ ats TAd% » GD Ale -Atas 7 faay= 0 ep $= Fe"+ feat ers (39. Sphereeol : wre s™ coverneie) oes (- =) Joke ume S/~ Tes Ny Seales Pet ——— = -decweases = et 1 7 x —E —— veces Fan ——— Ta Aeeseoses - &, Aivected , concentetc Sphexns Ne Constont - Boyer otenteal Sterfaces Fos a poco choos ee Concentrr’c_Sphe wes 5 — consent + The Foamety of eayttpoterstdad, susPaces, way oF tarclewstan\eng othe senQas ectentcal, Functroy - ethereal AcStecbtetion Bots NoTE 'y oOPresentS grebrecak os en perenteah OF gts a way oF srudgea P nrartadeons +% Petentra of a Bene checege | - Ne ~ (Edt = - Te Syn alt a a ae awregt aed ue es \ Seolars Fane — LoGe) decrease. E — vector Pay —— — deeweose - :. Acwected ae P= comet, concentere Cytendes Nc conet, Eoyurpotenten surmface * Eajusbotenteo’ susfaces Pos 2 Une Ceege ave Soncrre > Cy Uindews + Ypotenteat oF A Unto Feeth -— Space /4estance Inde penshent HPorenteak Gradeect s- ee id [EK Conehant gow every 2, 4,7. Bz Ve HER 1a / £- Bocuny go Conttany — Unetorm oe NOS wy Vy Leneaty Aeermenses oe —% : ~ Ya7%7%e ee rm Scalas SeesFoce Fes) TBE 5 pewectoen ot tre suvbace (Momma Nec SQ. Levene Surface f Mon Qcneas Senttae ” ceeies) Heo yee ty -82 HIG] Pe Uy - xe NTS. MOH Sq" 64, ‘VF= Gay -32)% | Tuotay “Ota, BSVe ate av =. Sak % eb ee AY = - Ecos8 At ° : ay = ag © =90° Vc const os dveo. Ge AF E Feet) Accection cs aways po) ces o ways howmal +o 5 GrawPaces. Sess seme ane a4 O-e/\ee, ee = \Fl SD ails max™ volee Se, a4 =|e| mone > Tre magnetade oF edectore FeeQ4 cotensety cs tHe, maccmum ele cE change oF bolenical Pew Unt Geng . e Do e:6) Fr ah “the Aerecteen of electece Beeld entensety ¢s the ctcvec? en wheed potenteak decreases by MACEMUM - a change ot Seolaw Vo CS ear? co & parkoat age ety GreA(7) Ca ave deree's - <—l00v——— m7 ered es +) > |- eg Re jo be te Note \- +) ——- CM est) ——— + “The oresmttons deewrcbesl groove Acscuse the wRte ee change of o Ssealawr by Maretmum otengseah the. Acwecteds ot charge. Thay ofewmtvon cs ied ars “Gyeaicont oF S Qa” ence pesusts en B Vector oom te the Seohas . Hence Prenteok gmacent CS Ehectsce Acete entensity : (Es ewP Scala Fun” - volts N Ay —— Petenteat detpewence ~ Seales — Volts Vv ——_Potenteak gendcecrt = NOUS my OE Mathematecal Feomula Fos Geadcent | - eee ‘ _ Scose = at(a 9 T PO Sa! eee Cy %,T) = 1B 4080 ay oS 8s a ae Pe eS 7. a~« 6 De z “ weKe oi = ee cote ey gS wseng OF > ea a Seno) & eS; ne a = as (a ag. ao fs a Se a sealas vettage Peencteion ~ A(x yt ays Pead- thes equator of the ohm Steeface passegq thowugh The. pecat passeny through (3, 1-1). Ny ye const \ =e se, % u(4-147) +B Ge. ‘ Unr—-4y + ASR = 6D