..

: , ...

, 2009


, .
.
, ...,
,
.
, ...
. , . , .
. , ... .
. ,
... , . . . ,

. .
,

,
. ,
,
.

1.1
1.2

6
6

2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2 ()
2.3.3
2.3.3.1
2.3.4 ( )
2.3.5
2.4

8
9
9
12
14
14
16
19
22
23
27
29

32

3.1

32

4
T ..

37

4.1
4.2
4.3 (/)
4.3.1 /
4.3.2 /
4.3.3 Recloser Control /
4.4
4.4.1 GW
4.4.2 GN3
4.4.3 GN3VE

37
37
39
39
43
44
47
48
50
51


4.4.4 GH
4.5 -

53
55

57

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
20 / 0,4 kV
5.8.1
5.8.2
5.9 20 / 0,4 kV

5.9.1

67
67

69

6.1
6.2 /
6.3
6.4

6.5 20 / 0,4 kV
( )

57
57
57
58
58
59
61
62
64
65

69
69
70
73
75

76

7.1
7.2
7.2.1 1
7.2.2 2
7.3
7.3.1 1
7.3.2 2

76
76
76
77
77
78
78

8

8.1
8.2 1: ..
630 kVA
8.3 2: ..

8.4 ..
1
8.5 ..

8.6 1: ..
1250 kVA
8.7 2: ..

8.8 ..
2.
8.8.1
..
8.9
8.10 /
1
8.10.1
8.10.2
8.10.3
8.10.4
8.11 ..

8.12
.

82
82
85
86
87
90
91
93
96
99
104
107
108
110
112
113
115
121

127

128

1.1

. , ,
,
, ,
.
,

(..).

() ..

, . ,
,
,
..,
(). ,
.

1.2 - ..

. 1.1: .
(..)
. :
1.
2.
3.

(...).
6

 , ,
.. ,
.
6 30 kV.
()
21 kV.
()
, .

400 kV ( )
() 150 kV ( ).
400 150
kV , ..
. ,
400 kV . ,
150 kV.
400 kV
400/150 V. 150 kV
400/150 kV.
() 150 kV 150 kV.
150 kV 150/20 kV.
150/20 kV 150 kV 150/20 kV
20 kV ( ). 15 kV,
15 kV.
.

(.) 400V. MT
, . 135 kVA. O
, , . 135 kVA.
400 V
20/0,4 kV ...
.. 20/0,4 kV. 1.2
..

. 1.2: ..

 2

2.1
, ,
.

.

.
(, )
, .

, .

,
.

. , :
,

, .
() (
20000V/400V, )

. , .
(. )

..
.
.
,
2 , .

. .
.
(. 0,2
sec).
,
2 .

.

, ,
.
.
8

 ,
.

.
()
.
( . 5 )
.
2 :

1.
2.

2.2

..
:

2.2.1

..

. , ,
, .2.2.
.

. ,
, .
.


.
.

.2.1:

.2.2:

.2.3: .

.2.4:
.

. ,
.5 :
1. . 2 CEF

(. )
CMF, .
2. : ( IN=40A).

.
( . 40 )
3. UN :
4. 3< 3 x IN:
5. 1:
(. 1= 50 kA)

,
Striker Pin. ,
, .
striker pin .
.
,
.
.
.

.
40 (IN=40A ), 2,2 sec
200 (5xI) 2 min 120A (3xI) ,
.2.5.

10

 2.1:

. , (kVA)

. 2.6
( )
, .
, 2 kA
40 .
2,5 kA. ,
4,5 kA.
.

. 2.5:

11

.2.6:

2.2.2

, .
.
.
.
, ,
.
,
, .

,
.
. /
20/0,4 kV ,
...

.
2 :

12

 , ,
, .
, ,

. .

.2.7 .
.

. 2.7 .

.

.

.2.8
) ( )
) ( )

13

2.3

:
:
:

:
:


.

.

2.3.1

.
,

.
,
. .
20 kV ,
.
, .
,
, .
.


.


.
.

:
1. ( )
2.
3.

:
1.
2.
3. ( )

14

.2.9:

.2.10:

.2.11:

2 . 2.10,
. ().
.
OJWM 12/63A 150
OJWM:
12: kV (12kV)
63: (peak)
kA (63 kA).
: (Construction Letter)
150: mm (150 mm)

.
1 s 3 s.
.

2.2: .

15

 2.3: .

2.4: ADNN.

2.3.2 ()
()
,
, , , .
,
. .
..

. :

.
SF6 ( )

16

 .
,
. .

.


.
.

.2.12: ,

.2.13: SF6

.2.14: SF6
1.
6.
2.
.
3.
7.
.
.
4.
8.
.

5. .
.

17

 2.5: SHS2

. :

.2.15:

.2.16.

18

 2.6:

2.3.3


.
()
, .
( , ), (
)
.
.
.
.
.
, .
()
.
.
2 ,
, :
1.
2.

, .
.
,
. , ,
( )
.
( )
12 20 kV.
, .

.
:
-
(.)

.
,
6-10 .
19


(.2.17) (.2.18),
,.


.
- / ( ) / ( ).

,
.
. : )
(.2.19), ) ) (. 2-20).
, ,

.

.

.
. ,
:
(.)
(.)
(.)
3 .
. .
6-10 . ,
, 60 80 .

t (sec)

1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
0

7
/n

.2.17 :

. 2.18: ) :
.
)

20

.2.19:

.2.20:

21

2.3.3.1 ( )

.2.21: ..

,
.
.

. .2.21:
. 0,05 sec
,15 sec ( t1)
O 0,45 sec ( t1 t2)
t2,
t3
t3 5 sec
t4
: O-C-O.( OPEN- CLOSE- OPEN).
.
( 3 ),
, ()
.

, (0,15
sec). ( t2)
,

.
, .
2 :

.

.

( msec sec). ,
.
( 0,2 sec),
,
.

(
).
22


.
.

.

.
.
.

2.3.4 ( )
, ,

.. , ,
. ,
:

SF6

.

. ...

(/) . . .

. 2.22: . .
) )
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ,

5 , 6 , 7 , 8 .
23

 , ,
:
1.
.

2. ,
.

- ,
.

.
.

..
.

, .
.

.

. 2.23:

24

. 2.24: SF6
1 HN
9
2
10
3
11
4
()
5
12
() , ( )
6 SF6

7 ( / )
8

25

Circuit-breaker:

Operation sequence:

Pole centre distance:

Opening time:

Arcing time:

Standards:

Rated voltage:

Rated insulation voltage:

Withstand voltage at 50 Hz:
Impulse withstand voltage:

Closing time:
()

Application of protection
50 Hz
relaywith current sensors:

Rated frequency:

Total breaking time:

Weight:
o
40 C

Rated breaking capacity:

Making capacity:

SF6 gas absolute pressure :

Operating temperature:


3s
Tropicalization:

"

"

Maximum overall dimensions:

Rated normal current (40 C):

Rated short-time withstand

current (3 s):

Electromagnetic compatibility:

2.7:
26

SF6

2.3.5
()
Sectionalizer.
.


.
.

. 1,2,3.
2 2
.
.

(.2.25).
.2.21.

.. ,
.
. T
,
.
. ,
.
.
2
,
3 , .

20 kV

. 2.25: :

.
.
,
,
,
. , 2

.
27

 .
.

.
,
.
,
. ,

.
. 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 .

.
:
. ,
,
.

.
.
:

sec ,
sec,

,

50 Hz
50 .
,
50.
4 ,
.

. 2.26:

GN3VE

28

Sectionalizer:
Rated voltage:
Impulse withstand voltage
(BIL):

27 kV

125 kV

CYRRENT RATING:
Continuous RMS:
Maximum Interrupting
Current:
1 Second RMS :
Momentary (Max.
Asymmetric):
Phase Resistor:
Ground Resistor:

(RMS)


RMS

1
sec


Min. Actuaiting current:

200 A
440
5700 A
9000

16- 640 A
3,5- 320A

2.8:

2.4


,
.

. ,
.
,
kV.

.

.
.
,
500 m.

, .
.

.
29


.
.


.

.

.
.
, 50 100 s.


.

.
( )
-
.

. .

(BIL-Basic Insulation Level), ,
, .
20 kV, 125 kV,
38 kV, 1,2Un 24 kV.
. 2.27 .
POLIM S.
(metal-oxide MO)
. POLIM , POLIMD.
,
, .
POLIM
, , , ,
.
:
Uc:
kV.
Ur: kV.
n: kA
8/20 sec .
hc: kA 4/10 sec.
kJ / kV Uc.
m
.
POLIM H 2.9.

30

. 2.27: POLIM-S

. 2.28:
POLIM .

2.9: POLIM H

31

 3

3.1

. 3.1: .
. , 20/0,4 kV
400 V. .
,
.
.

( ), .
2 .
1 2.
2.

1 2
.
1.
.
2,
2,
2 .
, .

, ,

.

. .

( )
.
,

.

.
32

 ,
0,4 sec.
0,4 sec
.


.
- ,
,
-.
.
-
,
.
, 200
2000 .
. 3.2 .

0,1,2,3.
.. . 0
. ..
( 1)
( 2 3).
20 kV

. 3.2:
0: (20 kV)
HN: 0
1: ...
2:
(20kV).
3:
(400V)
.. (1)
. ,
,
() .

(2 3)
, ...
33

 ..
( ).
..
.
.

. 8

.

. 3.3-3.4 ,
. . 3.3
(0)
.. (1) .
1
. ...

. 3.3: (0) ( / ..)

( 1 ...)
)

)

(2)

. 3.4: .. (1)
.
. 3.4 (2)
.. (1).

34

 ...
...
.. ,
.
.


.



. , ,

60- 80 50 .
.

.
( ) .

.
.
-
.

.
(0)
,
.
16 . 35 .
...

35

. 3.5: 16 . 35 .

36

 4
T ..
4.1
.. .

.
.. ,
. ..

..

4.2

:.

. 4.1:
/: , /: , : ,
: , : , :

20 kV,
/ 150 kV/ 20 kV.
. . 4.1
.
.

.
H ()
, ..
.
/.
.
37

 150 kV
/ 20 kV.
,
(/).
/ ,

.

. /
. / /
.
..
2 Recloser
.
..
.
: / , Recloser /.
..

(/)
..
(T). H
30 .
/ 20 15 ,
/, .

30,20,15 .
...
.
40 .
.. .

.

.. .

38

4.3 (/)
/
Reclose Controls, .
.. Controler Controler
. Controller
, . Controler
,
.

.
Controler .
Controler
, .
/ .

4.3.1 /
/
, .
/ RE, WE
RVE. .
/
/
RE
WE
RVE

400 A
560 A
400 A

14,4 kV
14,4 kV
34,5 kV

4000 A
10000 A
6000 A

378 kg
400 kg
390 kg
4.1: /

/
, , Controller
:


. .

.
/
.
.
4.1 / RE WE
15 kV RVE 15 20 kV,
. /
,
.
39

 4.1
.
.
,
.

.
,
.
.
. 4.2 / Mc-Graw Edison RVE.

3
4

7
. 4.3: / RVE
RVE

38 kV

400 A

6000 A

(BIL)

150 kV
50 Hz (CYCLE)

4.2:
. 4.2 / RVE

5
7

. 4.4:

. 4.5:

. 4.2 (1), - (2),

,
(3). (4)
Controller. . 4.5 . 4.2
40


(7).
/
Controller .
OPEN, CLOSE . 4.4
(5) OPEN, CLOSE (6).

(. ).
/
. Cooper o
KFVME :
FVME

27 kV

500 A

8000 A

(BIL)

125 kV
50 Hz (CYCLE)

4.3:

.4.6: / KFVME

41

/
/ Nova 27 Cooper. O
.
. ,
.
.

, .
Controller .
RVE
.
.

.
2- 3 .
,
.

. 4.7: / NOVA 27

.4.8: / va 27
42

4.3.2 /

2 .
/ , .

2
.

.
/

.
/
(Controller)
. ,

. ,

.
/.

:
-
1,5 sec
.


4.4 /
.:
/

24,9 kV

50 70 A

100 140

2500

4.4 :
/

43

. 4.9: /

4.3.3 Recloser Control /

O Controler / RVE F3 . 4.10
F3 Controler, / .

Controler. :
o
-


/
.
.
/
/.

5
1

6
7
. 4.10: Recloser Control F3.
F3, 2 .
2 . 4.10 .
..

.

...
.
44

 . 4.10 .. :
) (1):
,
. . 4.10
4 (1)
.
140
50 (1).
) (2):

. 2
(2).

.
1 13
R E.
) , (3):


/(LOCKOUT).
(Phase, Ground trip Socket)
,
. (3)
/
.
) (4):
Sec, /

. 45 sec (4).
(5),
/.
/,
. .
, ,

/. TRIP /
CLOSE .


. (6)
/
.
(7)
(Lockout).
/ Controler, .
,
, software Controler.

. ,
, ..
.
45


..
/
. . 4.11 4.12
/ KVFME / NOVA 27 .

. 4.11: Recloser Control 4C / KFVME

. 4.12: Recloser Control F6-P28

NOVA 27
46

 . 4.13 4.14 Cntroler F3 F6-P28

. F3
F6- P28 .

. 4.13 F3

. 4.14: F6-P28
Controler F3 ,
. Controler

.
Controler ...

4.4
Sectionalizer, ..
.


( Recloser).
,

, /
.
.
:
GW
GN3
GH
47

4.4.1 GW
GW

.
, ,
( ).
1000 / 1
, .

.
.

,
.
.
.
.
5
- .
,
.
,
,
, , .

.
20000 V / 100 V.
GW,
.
, ,
.

.
..
GW , ,
, .
GW Cooper GW687 .. ...

. 4.15: GW

48

 GW-687
Rated voltage:

Impulse withstand voltage (BIL):

34,5 kV

150 kV

CYRRENT RATING:

(RMS)

Continuous RMS:

400 A

RMS

1 Second RMS :
1 sec

10 Second RMS :
1O s

Momentary (Max. Asymmetric):

Min. Actuaiting current:

80 , 112 , 160 , 224 , 320 , 448 , 640
Maximum Interrupting Current:

880
10000 A
3500 A
15000

4.5: GW-687

1
6
2

. 4.16: GW-687
:
1 :
0.3 sec, O,7 sec, 1.5 sec, 3sec , 5 sec
2:
: 1,2,4,6,8
3: : 5, 10, 15, 20
4: :
1,2,3
5: sec
0, 15, 30, 60, 120,
6:
7:

49

. 4.17:
.

4.4.2 GN3
/ GN3 Mc Graw Edison
15 kV .

.
.
35, 50,70, 100, 140, 160, 185 200 .
160% .
GN3
.
,

.
GN3
.

.

.
.
GN3 GN3VE,
.

50

Type

GN3

Nominal System Rated Voltage

14.4 kV

Rated Maximum Voltage

15.5 kV

Rated Impulse Withstand

Voltage

110 kV
BIL

Maximum Continuous Current

200 A

Maximum Momentary and

Making Current

9000 A

4.6: G3

4.4.3 GN3VE
/ GN3VE Cooper
.
() GW .
.
: , ,
.

.

. GN3VE
- .

3,5
. GN3VE :

. 4.18: GN3VE

51

. 4.19:

4
2

. 4.20: GN3VE

. 4.21:
GN3VE

:
1 : sec
0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180
2: :
1,2,3
3:
4:

.
GN3VE,
.

. 4.22:
.

52

4.4.4 GH
,
GN3.
- .
: 1,2,3

. 4.24:
GH.

. 4.23: GH

.. 2 . Durabute
General Electric Simpex.
Durabute
.
.

35, 50, 75 . 60 sec

7.5 .
Simplex o, /
.
- .
2
0,75 sec. M
/
0,15 sec.
:

53

. 4.25:

54

4.5 -

. . 4.26
(/), / . P 380
,
.

. 4.27: /
.4.26: / /

/ ,

.

().

.
. 4.28:
.

55

 4.7:

56

5.1
:
() .

,
, .
.

5.2
,
(),
. .
()
.

(), ( )

.
.

.
, ,
. /
.
,

.

5.3

,
.
,
, (), (
) (, ).
. ,
.

, ,
57

 .
.
, , ,
.

5.4

,
, :
) 1/3 3.
) .
0,05% .
) 10%
.
) .
, Dy 11 Dy 5
.

5.5

. /
.
.
,
. ,

. ,
.
,
.

. ,
.
.
, ,

.
,


().

, .

.

,
58

 . , ,

,
.

5.6
,
, :
:
.
,
,
.
. ,
.
Dyn 11 Dyn 5.
:
1. .
. ,
.
2. .
(
).
3.
4.
/ :
1.
, , .
350 MVA 21/ 400 kV.

. 5.1:

2.
( 400/150 kV) 150 / 20 kV
/ .
59

 150 kV 20 kV
. 400/150 kV 250
MVA 150 / 20 kV 75-200 VA.

. 5.2: 250 MVA

3. 20 /0,4 kV
.
15, 25, 50, 75, 150, 250, 400, 500, 630, 750, 800, 1000, 1600 kVA.
:

(100-200V).
2-100VA. ,
,
.
,
.
.
. ,
.
.

(kV)
3.6 - 40.5
(kV)
1-35
(kV)
0.10 - 0.12
(Hz)
50 60

5.1:
. 5.3:

60

 :

. ,
500
5. 1,
,
. .
, . ,
, .
,
, .
,
,
.

(kV)
3.6 - 40.5
()
10- 3200
()
1 5
(Hz)
50 60

5.2:

.5.4:

5.7

. :
:

.
( ),
.
.
:

.
:
,
.

.
61

 :
.
/
(KVA)
25
50
75
100
150
200
250
400
500
630
750
1000
1250
1600

(W)
(W)
115
190
260
320
435
550
650
930
1100
1300
1430
1650
1900
2550

700
1050
1420
1750
2250
2850
3250
4600
5500
6500
7600
10500
13500
18100

(uk)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4,0 (6,0)
4,0 (6,0)
4,0 (6,0)
4,0 (6,0)
6
6
6
6

5.3: , 20 KV
.
2% .

5.8
20 / 0,4 kV
, ,
2 :
1.
2.

. 20/0,4 kV
. . 5.5 3 .
,
.

. 5.5: .
.

. 5.6:

62

 . 5.6 (1)
.

.
6,
.

(20 kV)

. 5.8:

. 5.7: 20/0,4 kV 400 kVA

. 5.9:

. 5.11: Buchholz
. 5.10:

400 kVA
63


(. 5.10) :
1. (. 400 kVA)
2. O (3)
3.

. ( HV 20 kV 2x 5%)
4. ( LV 0.4 kV)
5. : 11,5 577A

6. 0,4 kV
XT :
3 20 kV)
7. 50 Hz
8.
30 :
Dy5: ,
=5
9. (40 oC)
.
.
10.
: 65 oC 60 oC )
11. uk. (uk=3.95%)
12. : LI 125AC50 AC3
13. : 6143 W
14. : 964 W
15. :
16. : 1240 kg, 262 kg,
700 kg

5.8.1

. ,
,
. ,
..

.
.
20/0,4 kV. . 100 VA

.

.
.
.
.
:
64

O: ()
A:
L: Askarel Clophen ( )
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F .
:
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.
.

5.8.2
,
.
.
:
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:

. NH 400
1250 kVA ,
. , ,
,
.

(. 5.12)
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(. 90 oC)
.
:
.
(. 5.7).
.
, ,
.

.

.

.
65

. 5.12:

. 5.13: Buchholz

. 5.14:
.

. 5.15 :

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Buchholz (. 5.13)
, .
Buchholz , ,
. () 1,2
4 3, .
1
1 ().
2 2 ( ).

, 3
4, .
Buchholz 400
kVA .
Buchholz
.
1250 kVA

.
.
, .
Buchholz
66

 .
.

5.9 20 / 0,4 kV

,
( ) ,
( ).
160 kVA 3150 kVA

(AN).
.

.
(
),
F ( 155 oC).
..

. ..
F.
.. , .
,

F.

.
.

.

.
.

5.9.1

.
thermistors (PTC) .
2 (thermistors) PTC
. .

ALARM 1 ALARM 2. ALARM 1
,
.
ALARM 2,
. ALARM 1 ALARM 2
67


.
, ,
ALARM 1 ALARM 2. . 5.16
.

. 5.16:

(,
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400 kV.

68

 6

6.1
..
,
.
230 V 5 %.
8%
5%.
7%
10 %.

5%
. 14250 - 15750 kV
15 kV 20 kV 19000 V 21000V.
...,
,
:
150 kV / 20 kV:

.
:

.
20 / 0,4 kV ( ) :
,
.

6.2 /
, 150 kV 20 kV
150 kV / 20 kV

,
() on load tap changer,
. ,
, .

.
.
.

, ,
. .

69

 ..
,
(150 kV 20 kV)

. .

.

.
: 150000V (-12.5%, +7.5%)
- 15750 V. / 15750 V
131.250 V 161.250 V

. .
. 17550
10% - 15750 V
15750 V 17325 14175 V.

.
, ,
.

.

6.3
. 6.1-6.3 2 CL 2 CL 6A
. CL 2
CL 6A .

(.6.4). CL 6A
, /
.
SCADA.
2 .

(. 6.1).
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.
,
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2
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, .
70


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Neutral Light .

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)
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) CL 6A )
)

(Control Function Switch).


. ..
.
, : Auto Remote, Manual
Off (. 6.2 6.4). OFF .
71


Raise Low.
Raise Low
.

(Internal) (External) 120
220-240V. (Power Switch)
: Internal, external, off (. 6.2 6.4)
.6.2
.

. 6.2: CL 6B

72

. 6.3: CL 2A

. 6.4:
CL 2A

6.4

( )
.

.



.
.
,
.

.

.

.
.

.
,
.
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73


:

.

.

3 %.

.
.

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.
.

.

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2
2

2
. 6.5: .
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.
.
.

.

74

2
1
. 6.6: .
1. , 2: , 3:

6.5 20 / 0,4 kV
( )
,
.
.
20/ 0,4 kV
.
.
XT 400 V

3
. 6.7:

. 6.8: 20 / 0,4 kV

5% ( 2 x 2.5 %). 5
. 3

20000 V ( ) 400 V.
19500 V 4
400 V .
75

 7

7.1

..
.

.
, ,
,
. .
20/0,4 kV
/. 2 :
1,
1000 kVA 2 x 630 kVA.
2,
630 kVA.


. 2

20/0,4 kV .
1 1 1 2 2
2.
.

.

/ 20 kV 150 kV / 20 kV.
2
.

7.2
7.2.1 1
1000
kVA 2 x 630 kVA.
20/0,4 kV 63 .

. 2 630 kV
63
.
76

 / :
1
63 .
/
-
.
. 320
1 sec 2000 0.01 sec .

.
(1 2)
/ .


.
. .

7.2.2 2
630 kVA.
40 .

.

/ :

80 0,7 sec
40 .
160 1 sec. 2, 1,
.

7.3

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,

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77

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7.3.1 1
1 , , 2

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2 .
320 1 sec
63 .

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.
.
160
30
2
.
1.
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. 800 .
. 480

.
1
1
1 .
2 1 .
.
2.

7.3.2 2
2 , 1 2 .
:
2 : .
2 : .
78

 2
1
.

80 -0,7 sec.
30
320 1 sec.
.
:
. 800 .
. 480

.
2
2 2,
.

2 .
.
7.1 7.2

.

79

Y1

Y1 A

Y1 B

Y2

Y2 A

Y2 B

I (A)

120

80

80

80

80

80

t (s)

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

I (A)

320

160

t (s)

I (A)

160

80

80

80

80

80

t (s)

0,2

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

I (A)

120

120

120

120

120

120

t (s)

I (A)

120

80

80

80

80

80

t (s)

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

I (A)

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,4

480

480

480

480

480

480

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

480

480

480

480

480

480

2,5

2,5

2,5

2,5

2,5

2,5

1,5

1,5

1,5

1,5

1,5

1,5

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

800

800

800

800

63

63

63

40

40

40

30

30

HN

FIR - COE - 11
EAW
SIEMENS
7TG - 32/4
CGE - VIT
GCM
MCGG 21
FIR - CO - 9

t (s)
I (A)

EAW

t (s)

SIEMENS
7TG - 3013

I (A)
t (s)
I (A)

ASEA

t (s)
I (A)

CGE - VIT

RSAS
2330

t (s)
I (A)
t (s)

30
(2)

30
(2)

7.1:
.

80

Y / 1000 kVA 2 x 630 kVA

Y / 630 kVA

Y1

1B

Y2

..

2B

480
480
480 480
480 480

800

800

..

K63 A

160
30
(
Dalziel)

160
30 (
Dalziel)

40

K63 A

K63 A

K63 A

K40 A

K40 A

K40 A

30T A

30T A 2

30T A

30T A 2

800
80
0,7 sec

800
80
sec

0,7

7.2: .

81

 8

8.1
135 kVA
.


... :
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)

...
... ()
.
, , ...,
.
...

1 2.
.. :
1
2
1
2
..
630 kVA 1 2.
1 1250 kVA
2. 8.1

8.1:

82

 , ,
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20 kV

. 8.1:
0: (20 kV)
HN: 0
1: ...
2:
(20kV).
3:
(400V)

83

 .. ,
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20 kV / 0,4 kV 20kV 400V,
().

,
...
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:

8.2: .

84

8.2 1: ..
630 kVA

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...
..
.
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30 (30 ) . 8.2.

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.
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,

40 ()
85

 630 kVA,.

40 (40).
.

.
2
2
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2
.

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...
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8.3 2: ..

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86

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50 / 800 kVA,
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20 , ,
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87

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30
2 :

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. 8.5: 1 30

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88

)
. 8.7: .. .

..
400 kVA.
20
..
, . ..
, .

20
..

. 8.8:

89

8.5 ..
.
1

6
3

. 8.9: .. 400 kVA

. 8.9 ..
. 20/0,4 kV
. (1)
(2) .
, (3)
(4). , ,
100 , 125 , 200 .
,
20 . (5)
(6) .
. 8.9 400 kVA
20 . 2 8 ,
7 .
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.

90

8.6 1: ..
1250 kVA

. 8.10: 1.
...
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) ...
.
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.
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. 8.11
8.12 .

91

. 8.11:

. 8.12:
.

, .. .
40 , , 63
.
.
.
,
,
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250 kVA.
400 .
) 63 ( )
1250 kVA.

..
...
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.
.

92

8.7 2: ..

. 8.13: 2.
...
.. , 1.
2 :
)
) .
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,
.
10%
.

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,
.
0,4 sec

93

 .
:
1) ( ):
:
: 400 -0,6 sec
: 160 -1 sec
2) ( ):
:
: 320 k=2
: 80 k=0,7
.
.
, 1,

... -
.
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1.

, Buchholz, ,
. ..
...
Buchholz
...
,
, .

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,
.
8.3 8.4

94

630 kVA

800 kVA

.. ()

30

()

40

50

250 kVA

1250 kVA

&

40

&

63

: -

: -

:
400

< 0,1*

40

8.3:

...

1000 kVA

20 / 30

1 /

40

63

2

1000 kVA

:
16 , 25 , 40 ,
63

63
63

/


/
Bucholz

15 kV


Bucholz

1:
/

1250 kVA

(
.

2 / 630 kVA
:
63 )

1250 kVA

2-1, 2-2

1-1: 1 /
1-2: 2,3 /

2-1: 1 /
2-2: 2,3 /

/
400 315



40

30 20

/
Bucholz. /
10%

8.4: .

95

.
()

(A)

20 kV

/ . /
(kVA)
(A)
(kVA)

63
40
25

400
260
200

250
160
100

430
300
225

300
200
160

16

125

75

160

100

8.8 ..
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.
2 ..
, 1, 2, 1
.

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1250 kVA - ..
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8.18).

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.
.
96

 ..
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:
1.
/ .
/
/
2.
.
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(2):
P
(1)
I =
3 U
I XK = 2 I N
(2)
,
I : ,
U : ,
P : ,
I XK : .
0,4 sec
.
. .
,
0,4 sec.
o
.
.
,

.
, 100 %
. .
,
.
3. 10 :
10 (3):
I 10 = 10 I N
(3)
I 10 : .
0,4 sec
. ,
(. 8.14).
/ ,

97

5 / 1000 kVA.
:
5 x 1000 kV= 5000 kVA
5000 kVA /
= 6 .. / (),
, (3):
I
S
(4)
I = .
3 U

I : .,
S . : ,
U N : ,
I : .,
I : ,

I = 6

5000
3 20

I=866 A ( 20 kV)

(4.1.1)

5000
I=1154,7 A ( 15 kV)
(4.1.2)
3 15
. / ()
866 870 . ( 20 kV).
I = 6

. 8.14: /
4. .. .

.

98

5. :
(4) ,
I MT = I XT

400 2
20000 3
I MT I XT =

( 20 kV)
1
43,33

(5)
(5.1)

I MT = I XT

400 2
15000 3
I MT I XT =

( 15 kV)
1
32, 44

(5.2)
(5.3)

I MT : ,
I XT :
1 43,33 20 kV.
()

T 433 20 kV 325
15 kV T
10 ,
.. . /.
.

8.8.1
...
. 8.15 .
:
- () .
. 1100
kVA, 2 630 kVA 1600 kVA
.. . 2000 kVA
.
- 20 kV 36 /
. 4,39 km
ACSR 95 . 3 km
-LPE 3x240 +25 . 1,39 km.
- /
,
-
1250 kVA
2.
.

.
99

 .. :
1 :

. .. .
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(2) . ,
P
2000
(6)
= 2 58 = 116
I XK = 2 I N = 2 = 2
3 U
3 20
.
200 .
) - :
10 IN (3):
I 10 = 10 I N = 10 58 = 580

900

(7)

/ :
S . = 630 + 1600 = 2230 (. 8.14)
I = 8 (4) :
2230
I
S
(8)
= 8 65 = 520
I = .. = 8
3 U
3 20

200 900 .

.
.
2 :

1
(. , , /)
.
,
. . 8.16.

100

. 8.15:

101

. 8.16: .

102

.
. 8.17: .

36
,
.

103

 8.5:

104

8.9 .
. 8.18 ,
: SF6 (1) , (2) (3).

5
4
6
. 8.18:
1. , 2. , 3 , 4
, 5
6. .

.
.
, .
.
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,
.
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,

.
. .
. 8.20 8.21

.
(7),
.
(7)
105

 2
(8) .
8

8
7

.8.19:
/

.8.20:

. 8.21:

. 8.22:

. 8.22 .
..
. 8.23 .

. ,
.
.
. 8.23 (9)
... (10),
. .
,(. 8.23 (11) ),
. ,
. . 8.23 SF6 (12)
(13), , .
.

106

10

11
13

12
)

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)
) (9) , (10)
) (11)

) SF6 (12), (13)

107

8.10 /
1
O /
2007. 4
. :
( )


( )
.
. 8.24 .
.

.
400 kVA 1
.
TRIP,
.... O TRIP
(. Buchholz) .

.. ,


... .
.. .

1. ..
.
..
.

. 8.24:

108

8.10.1
4

3
)
)
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1. 2.
3. 4. ..
5.
) ) .

.

,
20 kV .
(4),
.., (. 8.25),
(5) .
YHSY 1x50 mm2 .
. 8.25 , (
) .
,
.
109

 .
.
, ,
CO2. CO2

..

. 8.27:

.8.26:

.8.28

.8.29: ,
.

110

8.10.2 .
. 8.30 400 kVA .

. 8.30: 400 kVA .

1 2.

(1) .
, , .
,
.

. 8.31:
3. . 4.

6 ,
, . 240 mm2.
() .

.
. 2
.

111

 .
.

thermistors. . 8.33
, thermistors,
.

. .8.34
, . 8.35
.
.

. .

.

. 8.32:

. 8.34:
.

. 8.33:

. 8.35:

CO2 .
, .
, .

112

. 8.36:

. 8.37:

8.10.3
8.38 - 42 .

. 8.39:

. 8.38:

. .

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,
.

, .
. ,
, UPS, ..
UPS,
.. ,
113

 .
, , ,
.
...

. 8.40:

.8.41: UPS

. 8.42:
.

8.10.4

,
.. cos . 8.44
.. cos,
. .
.

114

. 8.44:

. 8.43:
1 2

. 8.45:

115

8.11 ..
.
..

2 :
1. 20, 30

2. 25 , 40 , 63
1.
, ..
,
...
1) 20, 30
:

. 8.46:

116

. 8.47: 20

117

. 8.48: 30

118

2.) 25 , 40 , 63
1:

. 8.49: 25

119

. 8.50: 40

120

. 8.51: 63

121

8.12
.
..
:
1.

2.
3.
4..
5.
6.
,
, ..
.
,
, . ..

.
, ,
..
.. .
..
.
.
..
-

2.
, ..
.
..
, , .

.
2 ( 1 2 )
. 20
30 1 2.
1 1
2. :
1-1 ( 1
1-2 ( )
2-1 ( ( 1 )
2-2 ( )
.
1 (1) 1. 2
() 2-1 2-2. 8.52-55
.

122

. 8.52: 2-2 ( 1)

123

. 8.53: 2-2 ( 2)

124

. 8.54: 1-1 ( 1)

125

. 8.55: 1-1 ( 2)

126

 9


() ..
,

(..).
, ..
, ,
. ,

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,
.

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/
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,
. ,
-
.
127


[1]

. : ,
2005
[2] . , . , . :
- , 2006
[3] . : -
, 1986
[4] . . : ,
1997
[5] ..: ,
1987
[6] ... : , 34, 1975
[7] ABB: www.abb.com
[7.1] ABB: Fuses Catalogue
[7.2] ABB: Triple pole Isolator Type ADNN and Earthing Switch type ADJ for
indoor installation
[7.3] ABB: HD4/R MV gas circuit-breakers for secondary distribution
[7.4] ABB: SHS2 Gas-insulated switching and isolating apparatus
[7.5] ABB: MV Instrument Transformers and Sensor
[7.6] ABB: Surge Arrester, Product overview
[8] COOPER Power Systems: www.cooperpower.com
[8.1] COOPER: Sectionalizers Type GV and GW Installation Instructions, Service
Information: S270-20-3
[8.2] COOPER: Sectionalizers Type GV and GW Installation Instructions,
S270-15-1
[8.3] COOPER: Voltage Regulators,CL-6 Control Installation, Operation, and
Maintenance Instructions, S225-11-1
[8.4] COOPER: Voltage Regulator, Mc Graw Edison VR-32 Regulators
and CL-5 Series Control Installation, Operation, and
Maintenance Instructions, and Parts Replacement Information,
S225-10-10

128