Chng 10

Truyn thng ni tip ca 8051

Cc my tnh truyn d liu theo hai cch: Song song v ni tip. Trong truyn
d liu song song thng cn 8 hoc nhiu ng dy dn truyn d liu n mt
thit b ch cch xa vi bc. V d ca truyn d liu song song l cc my in v cc
cng, mi thit b s dng mt ng cp vi nhiu dy dn. Mc d trong cc
trng hp nh vy th nhiu d liu c truyn i trong mt khong thi gian ngn
bng cch dng nhiu dy dn song song nhng khong cch th khng th ln c.
truyn ddx liu i xa th phi s dng phng php truyn ni tip. Trong truyn
thng ni tip d liu c gi i tng bt mt so vi truyn song song th mt hoc
nhiu byte c truyn i cng mt lc. Truyn thng ni tip ca 8051 l ch ca
chng ny. 8051 c ci sn kh nng truyn thng ni tip, do vy c th
truyn nhnh d liu vi ch mt s t dy dn.
10.1 Cc c s ca truyn thng ni tip.
Khi mt b vi x l truyn thng vi th gii bn ngoi th n cp d liu di
dng tng khc 8 bt (byte) mt. Trong mt s trng hp chng hn nh cc my in
th thng tin n gin c ly t ng bus d liu 8 bt v c gi i ti bus d
liu 8 bt ca my in. iu ny c th lm vic ch khi ng cp bus khng qu di
v cc ng cp di lm suy gim thm ch lm mo tn hiu. Ngoi ra, ng d
liu 8 bt gi thng t. V nhng l do ny, vic truyn thng ni tip c dng
truyn d liu gia hai h thng cch xa nhau hng trm n hng triu dm. Hnh
10.1 l s truyn ni tip so vi s truyn song song.
Serial Transfer

Sender

Parallen Transfer

Receiver

Sender

D0

Receiver

D7

Hnh 10.1: S truyn d liu ni tip so vi s truyn song song.

Thc t l trong truyn thng ni tip l mt ng d liu duy nht c dng
thay cho mt ng d liu 8 bt ca truyn thng song song lm cho n khng ch r
hn rt nhiu m n cn m ra kh nng hai my tnh cch xa nhau c truyn
thng qua ng thoi.
i vi truyn thng ni tip th lm c cc byte d liu phi c
chuyn i thnh cc bt ni tip s dng thanh ghi giao dch vo - song song - ra ni tip. Sau n c th c truyn quan mt ng d liu n. iu ny cng c
ngha l u thu cng phi c mt thanh ghi vo - ni tip - ra - song song nhn
d liu ni tip v sau gi chng thnh tng byte mt. Tt nhin, nu d liu c
truyn qua ng thoi th n phi c chuyn i t cc s 0 v 1 sang m thanh
dng sng hnh sin. Vic chuyn i ny thc thi bi mt thit b c tn gi l
Modem l ch vit tt ca Modulator/ demodulator (iu ch/ gii iu ch).

Khi c ly truyn ngn th tn hiu s c th c truyn nh ni trn, mt dy

dn n gin v khng cn iu ch. y l cch cc bn PC v IBM truyn d liu
n bo mch m. Tuy nhin, truyn d liu i xa dng cc ng truyn chng hn
nh ng thoi th vic truyn thng d liu ni tip yu cu mt modem iu ch
(chuyn cc s 0 v 1 v tn hiu m thanh) v sau gii iu ch (chuyn tn hiu
m thanh v cc s 0 v 1).
Truyn thng d liu ni tip s dng hai phng php ng b v d b.
Phng php ng b truyn mt khi d liu (cc k t) ti cng thi im trong khi
truyn d b ch truyn tng byte mt. C th vit phn mm s dng mt trong
hai phng php ny, nhng chng trnh c th rt di v bun t. V l do ny m
nhiu nh sn xut cho ra th trng nhiu loi IC chuyn dng phc v cho truyn
thng d liu ni tip. Nhng IC ny phc v nh cc b thu - pht d b tng hp
VART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) v cc b thu - pht ng - d
b tng hp UBART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). B vi iu
khin 8051 c mt ci sn mt UART m n s c bn k mc 10.3.
n cng

B pht

B thu

Bn n cng

B pht

B thu

B thu

B pht

B pht

B thu

B thu

B pht

Song cng

Hnh 10.2: Truyn d liu n cng, bn cng v song cng.

10.1.1 Truyn d liu bn cng v song cng.
Trong truyn d liu nu d liu c th c va pht v va c thu th gi
l truyn song cng. iu ny tng phn vi truyn n cng chng hn nh cc
my in ch nhn d liu t my tnh. Truyn song cng c th c hai loi l bn song
cng v song cng hon ton ph thuc vo truyn d liu c th xy ra ng thi
khng? Nu d liu c truyn theo mt ng ti mt thi im th c gi l
truyn bn song cng. Nu d liu c th i theo c hai ng cng mt lc th gi l
song cng ton phn. Tt nhin, truyn song cng i hi hai ng d liu (ngoi
ng m ca tn hiu), mt pht v mt thu d liu cng mt lc.
10.1.2 Truyn thng ni tip d b v ng khung d liu.
D liu i vo u thu ca ng d liu trong truyn d liu ni tip ton l
cc s 0 v 1, n tht l kh lm cho d liu y c ngha l nu bn pht v bn thu
khng cng thng nht v mt tp cc lut, mt th tc, v cch d liu c ng
gi, bao nhiu bt to nn mt k t v khi no d liu bt u v kt thc.
10.1.3 Cc bt bt u v dng.
Truyn thng d liu ni tip d b c s dng rng ri cho cc php truyn
hng k t, cn cc b truyn d liu theo khi th s dng phng pht ng b.
Trong phng php d b, mi k t c b tr gia cc bt bt u (start) v bt dng

(stop). Cng vic ny gi l ng gi d liu. Trong ng gi d liu i vi truyn

thng d b th d liu chng hn l cc k t m ASCII c ng gi gia mt bt
bt u v mt bt dng. Bt bt u lun lun ch l mt bt, cn bt dng c th l
mt hoc hai bt. Bt bt u lun l bt thp (0) v cc bt dng lun l cc bt cao (bt
1). V d, hy xt v d trn hnh 10.3 trong k t A ca m ASCII (8 bt nh
phn l 0100 0001) ng gi khung gia mt bt bt u v mt bt dng. Lu rng
bt thp nht LSB c gi ra u tin.

Space
Goes out last

Stop
bt
d7

d0

Start Mark
bt
Goes out first

Hnh 10.3: ng khung mt k t A ca m ASCII (41H) c tn hiu l 1

(cao) c coi nh l mt du (mark), cn khng c tn hiu tc l 0 (thp) th c
coi l khong trng (space). Lu rng php truyn bt u vi start sau bt D0,
bt thp nht LSB, sau cc bt cn li cho n bt D7, bt cao nht MSB v cui cng l
bt dng stop bo kt thc k t A.
Trong truyn thng ni tip d b th cc chp IC ngoi vi v cc modem c th
c lp trnh cho d liu vi kch thc theo 7 bt hoc 8 bt. y l cha k cc bt
dng stop c th l 1 hoc 2 bt. Trong khi cc h ASCII c hn (trc y) th cc k
t l 7 bt th ngay nay do vic m rng cc k t ASCII nn d liu nhn chung l 8
bt. Trong cc h c hn do tc chm ca cc thit b thu th phi s dng hai bt
dng m bo thi gian t chc truyn byte k tip. Tuy nhin, trong cc my tnh
PC hin ti ch s dng 1 bt stop nh l chun.
Gi s rng chng ta ang truyn mt tp vn bn cc k t ASCII s dng 1
bt stop th ta c tng cng l 10 bt cho mi k t gm: 8 bt cho k t ASCII chun
v 1 bt start cng 1 bt stop. Do vy, i vi mi k t 8 bt th cn thm 2 b v chi l
mt 25% tng ph.
Trong mt s h thng nhm duy tr tnh ton vn ca d liu th ngi ta
cn thm mt bt l (parity bt). iu ny c ngha l i vi mi k t (7 hoc 8 bt
tu tng h) ta c thm mt bt ngoi cc bt start v stop. Bt chn l l bt chn hoc
bt l. Nu l bt l l s bt ca d liu bao gm c bt chn l s l mt s l cc s 1.
Tng t nh vy i vi trng hp bt chn th s bt ca d liu bao gm c bt
chn - l s l mt s chn ca cc s 1. V d, k t A ca m ASCII dng nh
phn l 0100 0001, c bt 0 l bt chn. Cc chp UART u cho php vic lp trnh
bt chn - l v chn, l hoc khng phn bit chn l.
10.1.4 Tc truyn d liu.
Tc truyn d liu trong truyn thng d liu ni tip c gi l bt trong
giy bps (bt per second). Ngoi ra, cn c s dng mt thut ng rng ri na l
tc baud. Tuy nhin, cc tc baud v bps l hon ton khng bng nhau. iu ny
l do tc baud l thut ng ca modem v c nh ngha nh l s ln thay i ca
tn hiu trong mt giy. Trong cc modem c nhng trng hp khi mt s thay i
ca tn hiu th n truyn vi bt d liu. Nhng i vi mt dy dn th tc baud
v bps l nh nhau nn trong cun sch ny chng ta c th dng thay i cc thut
ng ny cho nhau.

Tc truyn d liu ca mt h my tnh cho ph thuc vo cc cng

truyn thng kt ni vo trong h thng o. V d, cc my tnh PC/XT trc y ca
IBM c th truyn d liu vi tc 100 n 9600 bps. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm
gn y th cc my tnh PC da trn Pentium truyn d liu vi tc ln ti
56kbps. Cn phi ni thm rng trong truyn thng d liu ni tip d b th tc
baud nhn chung l b gii hn 100.000 bps.
10.1.5 Cc chun RS232.
cho php tng thch gia cc thit b truyn thng d liu c sn xut
bi cc hng khc nhau th mt chun giao din c gi l RS232 c thit lp
bi hip hi cng nghip in t EIA vo nm 19960. Nm 1963 n c sa chnh
v c gi l RS232A v vo cc nm 1965 v 1969 th c i thnh RS232B v
RS232C. y chng ta n gin ch ni n RS232. Ngy nay RS232 l chun giao
din I/O vo - ra ni tip c s dng rng ri nht. Chun ny c s dng trong
my tnh PC v hng lot cc thit b khc nhau. Tuy nhin, v n c thit lp trc
h l-gc TTL rt lu do vy in p u vo v u ra ca n khng tng thch vi
mc TTL. Trong RS232 th mc 1 c biu din bi - 3v n 25v trong khi mc 0
th ng vi in p + 3v n +25v lm cho in p - 3v n + 3v l khng xc nh.
V l do ny kt ni mt RS232 bt k n mt h vi iu khin th ta phi s dng
cc b bin i in p nh MAX232 chuyn i cc mc l-gc TTL v mc in
p RS232 v ngc li. Cc chp IC MAX232 nhn chung c coi nh c b iu
khin ng truyn. Kt ni RS232 n MAX232 c tho thun phn 10.2.
10.1.6 Cc chn ca RS232.
Bng 10.1 cung cp s chn ca cp RSE232 v cc tn gi ca chng
thng c gi l u ni DB - 25. Trong l hiu th u ni cm vo (u c) gi
l DB - 25p v u ni ci c gi l DB - 25s.
1

13

14

25

Hnh 10.4: u ni DB - 25 ca RS232.

V khng phi tt c mi chn u c s dng trong cp cu my tnh PC,
nn IBM a ra phin bn ca chun vo/ra ni tip ch s dng c 9 chn gi l DB 9 nh trnh by bng 10:2 v hnh 10.5.
Bng 10.1: Cc chn ca RS232, 25 chn (DB - 25).
S chn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9/10

M t
t cch ly (Protective Cround)
D liu c truyn TxD (TrNsmitted data)
D liu c phn RxD (Received data)
Yu cu gi RTS (Request To Send)
Xo gi CIS (Clear To Send)
D liu sn sng DSR (Data Set Ready)
t ca tn hiu GND (Signal Cround)
Tch tn hiu mng d liu DCD (Data Carrier Detect)
Nhn kim tra d liu (Received for data testing)

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Cha dng
Tch tn hiu mng d liu th cp (Secondary data carrier detect)
Xo nhn d liu th cp (Secondary Clear to Send)
D liu c truyn th cp (Secondary Transmit Signal Element Timing)
Truyn phn chia thi gian phn t tn hiu (Transmit Signal Element
Timing)
D liu c nhn th cp (Secondary Received data)
Nhn phn chia thi gian phn t tn hiu (Receiveo Signal Element
Timing)
Cha dng
Yu cu nhn th cp (Secondary Request to Send)
u d liu sn sng (Data Terminal Ready)
Pht hin cht lng tn hiu (Signal Qualyty Detector)
Bo chung (Ring Indicator)
Chn tc tn hiu d liu (Data Signal Rate Select)
Truyn phn chia thi gian tn hiu (Transmit Signal Element Timing)
Cha dng

10.1.7 Phn loi truyn thng d liu.

Thut ng hin nay phn chia thit b truyn thng d liu thnh mt thit b
u cui d liu DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) hoc thit b truyn thng d liu
DCE (Data Communication Equipment). DTE ch yu l cc my tnh v cc thit b
u cui gi v nhn d liu, cn DCE l thit b truyn thng chng hn nh cc
modem chu trch nhim v truyn d liu. Lu rng tt c mi nh ngha v chc
nng cc chn RS232 trong cc bng 10.1 v 10.2 u xut pht t gc ca DTE.
Kt ni n gin nht gia mt PC v b vi iu khin yu cu ti thiu l
nhng chn sau: TxD, RxD v t nh ch ra hnh 10.6. rng trn hnh ny th
cc chn TxD v RxD c i cho nhau.
Hnh 10.5: S u ni DB - 9 ca RS232.
1

Bng 10.2: Cc tn hiu ca cc chn u ni DB - 9 trn my tnh IBM PC.

M t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Da ta carrier detect (DCD)

Received data (RxD)
Transmitted data (TxD)
Data terminal ready (DTR)
Signal ground (GND)
Data set ready (DSR)
Request to send (RTS)
Clear to send (CTS)
Ring indicator (RL)

S chn
Trnh tn hiu mng d liu
D liu c nhn
D liu c gi
u d liu sn sng
t ca tn hiu
D liu sn sng
Yu cu gi
Xo gi
Bo chung

DTE

DTE

TxD

TxD

RxD

RxD

ground
Hnh 10.6: Ni kt khng modem.
10.1.8 Kim tra cc tn hiu bt tay ca RS232.
bo m truyn d liu nhanh v tin cy gia hai thit b th vic truyn d
liu phi c phi hp tt. Chng hn nh trong trng hp ca my in, do mt thc
t l trong truyn thng d liu ni tip thit b thu c th khng c ch cha d
liu, do phi c cch bo cho bn pht dng gi d liu. Rt nhiu chn ca
RS232 c dng cho cc tn hiu bt tay. Di y l m t v chng nh l mt
tham kho v chng c th c b qua v chng khng c h tr bi chp UART
ca 8051.
1. u d liu sn sng DTR: Khi thit b u cui (hoc mt cng COM ca PC)
c bt th sau khi t kim tra n gi mt tn hiu DTR bo rng n sn sng
cho truyn thng. Nu c mt ci g trc trc vi cng COM th tn hiu ny
khng c kch hot. y l tn hiu tch cc mc thp v c th c dng
bo cho modem bit rng my tnh ang hot ng v ang sn sng. y
l chn u ra t DTC (cng COM ca PC) v chn u ra ca modem.
2. D liu sn sng QSR: Khi DCE (chng hn modem) c bt ln v chy
xong chng trnh t kim tra th n i hi DSR bo rng c sn sng
cho truyn thng. Do vy, n l u ra ca modem (DCE) v u vo ca PC
(DTE). y l tn hiu tch cc mc thp. Nu v l do no m modem
khng kch hot bo cho PC bit (hoc thit b u cui) rng n khng th
nhn hoc gi d liu.
3. Yu cu gi RTS: Khi thit b DTE (chng hn mt PC) c mt byte d liu
cn gi th n yu cu RTS bo cho modem bit rng n c mt byte cn
phi gi i. RTS l mt u ra tch cc mc thp t DTE v mt u vo ti
modem.
4. Tn hiu xo gi CTS: p li RTS th khi modem c cha d liu m
n cn nhn th n gi mt tn hiu CTS ti DTE (PC) bo rng by gi n
c th nhn d liu. Tn hiu u vo ny ti DTE dng khi ng vic
truyn d liu.
5. Tch tn hiu mang d liu DCD: Modem yu cu tn hiu DCD bo cho DTE
bit rng tch c mt tn hiu mang d liu hp l v rng kt ni gia n
v modem khc c thit lp. Do vy, DCD l mt u ra ca modem v
u vo ca PC (DTE).
6. Bo chung RI: Mt u ra t modem (DCE) v mt u vo ti my tnh PC
(DTE) bo rng in thoi ang bo chung. N tt v bt ng b vi m
thanh ang chung. Trong 6 tn hiu bt tay th tn hiu ny l t c dng
nht do mt thc t l cc modem chu trch nhim v tr li in thoi.
Tuy nhin, nu trong mt h thng cho m PC phi chu trch nhim tr li
in thoi th tn hiu ny c th c dng.

T m t trn th vic truyn thng PC v modem c th c tm tt nh sau:

Trong khi cc tn hiu DTR v DSR c dng bi PC v modem bo rng chng
ang hot ng tt th cc tn hiu RTS v CTS thc t ang kim tra lung d liu.
Khi PC mun gi d liu th n yu cu RTS v p li, nu modem sn sng (c ch
cha d liu) nhn d liu th n gi li tn hiu CTS. Cn nu khng c ch cho
d liu th modem khng kch hot CTS v PC thi khng yu cu DTR v th li.
Cc tn hiu RTS v CTS cng c ci nh tn hiu lung iu khin phn cng.
n y kt thc s m tt 9 chn quan trng nht ca cc tn hiu bt tay
RS232 v cc tn hiu TxD, RxD v t (Ground). Tn hiu Ground ny cng c coi
nh l tn hiu SG - t ca tn hiu.
10.1.9 Cc cng COM ca IBM PC v tng thch.
Cc my tnh IBM PC v tng thch da trn cc b vi x l 86 (8086, 286,
384, 486 v Pentium) thng c hai cng COM. C hai cng COM u c cc u ni
kiu RS232. Nhiu my tnh PC s dng mi u ni mt kiu cm DB - 25 v DB 9. Trong nhng nm gn y, cng COM1 c dng cho chut v COM2 c dng
cho cc thit b chng hn nh Modem. Chng ta c th ni cng ni tip ca 8051
n cng COM2 ca mt my tnh PC cho cc th nghim v truyn thng ni tip.
Vi nn kin thc v truyn thng ni tip ny chng ta sn sng lm vic
vi 8051.
10.2 Ni ghp 8051 ti RS232.
Nh ni phn 10.1, chun RS232 khng tng thch vi mc l-gc TTL,
do vy n yu cu mt b iu khin ng truyn chng hn nh chp MAX232
chuyn i cc mc in p RS232 v cc mc TTL v ngc li. Ni dung chnh ca
phn ny l bn v ni ghp 8051 vi cc u ni RS232 thng qua chp MAX232.
10.2.1 Cc chn RxD v TxD trong 8051.
8051 c hai chn c dng chuyn cho truyn v nhn d liu ni tip. Hai
chn ny c gi l TxD v RxD v l mt phn ca cng P3 ( l P3.0 v P3.1).
chn 11 ca 8051 l P3.1 c gn cho TxD v chn 10 (P3.0) c dng cho RxD.
Cc chn ny tng thch vi mc l-gch TTL. Do vy chng i hi mt b iu
khin ng truyn chng tng thch vi RS232. Mt b iu khin nh vy l
chp MAX232.
10.2.2 B iu khin ng truyn MAX232.
V RS232 khng tng thch vi cc b vi x l v vi iu khin hin nay nn
ta cn mt b iu khin ng truyn (b chuyn i in p) chuyn i cc tn
hiu RS232 v cc mc in p TTL s c chp nhn bi cc chn TxD v RxD ca
8051. Mt v d ca mt b chuyn i nh vy l chp MAX232 t hng Maxim a
ch Website ca hng www.maxim-ic.com. B MAX232 chuyn i t cc mc in
p RS232 s v mc in p TTL v ngc li. Mt im mnh ca chp MAX232 l
n dng in p ngung +5v cng vi in p ngun ca 8051. Hay nic cch khc
vi ngun in p nui +5 chng ta m c th nui 8051 v MAX232 m khng phi
dng hai ngun nui khc nhau nh ph bin trong cc h thng trc y.
B iu khin MAX232 c hai b iu khin thng nhn v truyn d liu
nh trnh by trn hnh 10.7. Cc b iu khin ng c dng cho TxD c gi
l T1 v T2. Trong nhiu ng dng th ch c mt cp c dng. V d T1 v R1
c dng vi nhau i vi TxD v RxD ca 8051, cn cp R2 v T2 th cha dng
n. rng trong MAX232 b iu khin T1 c gn T1in v T1out trn cc chn s
11 v 1 tng ng. Chn T1in l pha TTL v c ni ti chn RxD ca b vi iu
khin, cn T1out l pha RS232 c ni ti chn RxD ca u ni DB ca RS232.
B iu khin ng R1 cng c gn R1in v R1out trn cc chn s 13 v 12 tng
ng. Chn R1in (chn s 13) l pha RS232 c ni ti chn TxD ca u ni DB

ca RS232 v chn R1out (chn s 12) l pha TTL m n c ni ti chn RxD ca

b vi iu khin, xem hnh 10.7. rng ni ghp modem khng l ni ghp m
chn TxD bn pht c ni vi RxD ca bn thu v ngc li.
Vcc
+
C1
+
C2

16

11
2
12
2
10
9

2
6

T1IIN

T1OUT

R1OUT

R1IIN

T2IIN

T2OUT

R2OUT

R2IIN

TTL side

C3
+

15

8051

C4
+
14

P3.1 11
TxD

10

P3.0
RxD

13

Max232

2 5

4 2
DB - 9

7
8

Rs232 side

Hnh 10.7: a) S bn trong ca MAX232

b) S ni ghp ca MAX232 vi 8051 theo moden khng.
B MAX232 i hi 4 t in gi tr t 1 n 22mF. gi tr ph bin nht cho
cc t ny l 22mF.
10.2.3 B iu khin MAX232.
tit kim khng gian trn bng mch, nhiu nh thit k s dng chp
MAX232 t hng Maxim. B iu khin MAX232 thc hin cng nhng cng vic
nh MAX232 li khng cn n cc t in. Tuy nhin, chp MAX232 li t hn rt
nhiu so vi MAX233 khng c s chn ging nhau (khng tng thch). Chng ta
khng th ly mt chp MAX232 ra khi mt bng mch v thay vo RS233. Hy
xem hnh 10.8 thy MAX233 khng cn n t.
Vcc

13
14
12
17
2
3
1
20

T1IIN

11
15
16
10
T1OUT

R1OUT

R1IIN

T2IIN

T2OUT

R2OUT

R2IIN

TTL side

8051

5
4
18

T1IIN

P3.1 11
TxD

10

P3.0
RxD

Max232

2 5

2
DB - 9

19

Rs232 side

Hnh 10.8: a) S bn trong ca MAX233.

b) S ni ghp ca MAX233 vi 8051 theo modem khng.
10.3 Lp trnh truyn thng ni tip cho 8051.

Trong phn ny chng ta s nghin cu v cc thanh ghi truyn thng ni tip

ca 8051 v cch lp trnh chng truyn v nhn d liu ni tip. V cc my tnh
IBM PC v tng thch c s dng rt rng ri truyn thng vi cc h da trn
8051, do vy ta ch yu tp trung vo truyn thng ni tip ca 8051 vi cng COM
ca PC. cho php truyn d liu gia my tn PC v h thng 8051 m khng c
bt k li no th chng ta phi bit chc rng tc baud ca h 8051 phi ph hp
vi tc baud ca cng COM my tnh PC c cho trong bng 10.3. Chng ta c
th kim tra cc tc baud ny bng cch vo chng trnh Windows Terminal v
bm chut ln tu chn Communication Settings. Chng trnh Terminal.exe ca
Window3.1 cng lm vic tt trn Windows95 v Window98. Trong Window95 v
cao hn ta c th s dng chc nng Hyperterrminal. Hm Hyperterminal h tr cc
tc Baud cao hn nhiu so vi cc tc cho trong bng 10.3.
Bng 10.3: Cc tc Baud ca my tnh PC486 v Pentium cho trong BIOS.
100

150

300

600

1200

2400

4800

9600 19200

V d 10.1:
Vi tn s XTAL l 11.0592MHz. Hy tm gi tr TH1 cn thit c tc
baud sau:
a) 9600
b) 2400
c) 1200
Li gii:
Vi tn s XTAL l 11.0592MHz th ta c tn s chu trnh my ca 8051 l
11.0592MHz : 12 = 921.6kHz v sau ly 921.6kHz/32 = 28.800Hz l tn s c
cp bi UART ti b nh thi Timer1 thit lp tc .
a) 28.800/3 = 9600
trong - 3 = FD c np vo TH1
b) 28.800/12 = 2400
trong - 12 = F4 c np vo TH1
c) 28.800/24 = 1200
trong - 24 = F8 c np vo TH1
Lu rng vic chia 1/12 ca tn s thch anh cho 32 l gi tr mc nh khi
kch hot chn RESET ca 8051. Chng ta c th thay i gi tr ci t mc nh
ny. iu ny s c gii thch cui chng.

XTAL
oscillator

12

921.6kHz

32
by UART

28800Hz

10.3.1 Tc baud trong 8051.

8051 truyn v nhn d liu ni tip theo nhiu tc khc nhau. Tc
truyn ca n c th lp trnh c. iu y thc hin nh s tr gip ca b nh
thi Timer1. Trc khi ta i vo bn cch lm iu nh th no th ta s xt quan
h gia tn s thch anh v tc baud trong 8051.
Nh ta ni chng trc y th 8051 chia so thch anh cho 12 ly tn
s chu trnh my. Trong trng hp XTAL = 11.0592MHz th tn s chu trnh l
921.6kHz (11.0592MHz : 12 = 921.6kHz). Mch in UART truyn thng ni tip
ca 8051 li chia tn s chu trnh my cho 32 mt ln na trc khi n c dng bi
b nh thi gian Timer1 to ra tc baud. Do vy, 921.6kHz : 32 = 28.800Hz.
y l s ta s dng trong c phn ny tm gi tr ca Timer1 t tc baud.
Mun Timer1 t tc baud th n phi c lp trnh v ch lm vic mode2,
l ch thanh ghi 8 bt t ng np li. c tc baud tng thch vi PC ta phi

np TH1 theo cc gi tr cho trong bng 10.3. V d 10.1 trnh by cch kim tra gi
tr d liu cho trong bng 10.3.
Bng 10.3: Cc gi tr ca thanh ghi TH1 trong Timer1 cho cc tc baud
khc nhau.
Tc baud
9600
4800
2400
1200

TH1 (thp phn)

- 3
- 6
- 12
- 24

TH1 (s Hex)
FD
FA
F4
F8

10.3.2 Thanh ghi SBUF.

SBUF l thanh ghi 8 bt c dng ring cho truyn thng ni tip trong 8051.
i vi mt byte d liu cn phi c truyn qua ng TxD th n phi c t
trong thanh ghi SBUF. Tng t nh vy SBUF gi mt byte d liu khi n c nhn
b ng RxD ca 8051. SBUF c th c truy cp bi mi thanh ghi bt k trong
8051. Xt mt v d di y thy SBUF c truy cp nh th no?
MOV
MOV
MOV

SBUF, # D
SBUF, A
A, SBUF

; Np vo SBUF gi tr 44H m ACSII ca k t D.

; Sao thanh ghi A vo SBUF.
; Sao SBUF vo thanh ghi A.

Khi mt byte c ghi vo thanh ghi SBUF n c ng khung vi cc bt

Start v Stop v ng truyn ni tip quan chn TxD. Tng t nh vy, khi cc bt
c nhn ni tip t RxD th 8051 m khung n loi tr cc bt Start v Stop
ly ra mt byte t d liu nhn c v t n vo thanh ghi SBUF.
10.3.3 Thanh ghi iu khin ni tip SCON.
Thanh ghi SCON l thanh ghi 8 bt c dng lp trnh vic ng khung bt
bt u Start, bt dng Stop v cc bt d liu cng vi vic khc.
Di y l m t cc bt khc nhau ca SCON:
SM0

SM0
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
T1

SCON.7
SCON.6
SCON.5
SCON.4
SCON.3
SCON.2
SCON.1

R1

SCON.0

SM1

SM2 REN

TB8

RB8

T1

R1

S xc nh ch lm vic cng ni tip

S xc nh ch lm vic cng ni tip
Dng cho truyn thng gia cc b vi x l (SM2 = 0)
Bt/xo bng phn mm cho php/ khng cho thu
Khng s dng rng ri
Khng s dng rng ri
C ngt truyn t bng phn cng khi bt u bt Stop ch
1.
C ngt thu
Xo bng phn mm.

Ch :
Hnh 10.2: Thanh ghi iu khin cng ni tip SCON.
10.3.3.1 Cc bt SM0, SM1.
y l cc bt D7 v D6 ca thanh ghi SCON. Chng c dng xc nh
ch ng khung d liu bng cch xc nh s bt ca mt k t v cc bt Start v
Stop. Cc t hp ca chng l:

SM0
0
0
1
1

SM1
0
1
0
1

Ch ni tip 0
Ch ni tip 1, 8 bt d liu, Start, Stop
Ch ni tip 2
Ch ni tip 3

Trong bn ch ta ch quan tm n ch 1, cc ch khc c gii

thch Appendisk A3. Trong thanh ghi SCON khi ch 1 c chn th d liu
c ng khung gm 8 bt d liu, 1 bt Start, 1 bt Stop tng thch vi cng
COM ca IBM PC v cc PC tng thch khc. Quan trng hn l ch ni tip 1
cho php tc baud thay i v c thit lp bi Timer1 ca 8051. Trong ch
ni tip 1 th mi k t gm c 10 bt c truyn trong c bt u l bt Start, sau
l 8 bt d liu v cui cng l bt Stop.
10.3.3.2 Bt SM2.
Bt SM2 l bt D5 ca thanh ghi SCON. Bt ny cho php kh nng a x l ca
8051 v n nm ngoi phm vi trnh by ca chng ny. i vi cc ng dng ca
chng ta t SM2 = 0 v ta khng s dng 8051 trong mi trng a x l.
10.3.3.3 Bt REN.
y l bt cho php thu (Receive Enable), bt D4 ca thanh ghi SCON. Bt
REN cng c tham chiu nh l SCON.4 v SCON l thanh ghi c th nh a ch
theo bt. Khi bt REN cao th n cho php 8051 thu d liu trn chn RxD ca n. V
kt qu l nu ta mun 8051 va truyn v nhn d liu th bt REN phi c t ln
1. Khi t REN th b thu b cm. Vic t REN = 1 hay REN = 0 c th t c
bng lnh SETB SCON.4 v CLR SCON.4 tng ng. Lu rng cc lnh ny s
dng c im nh a ch theo bt ca thanh ghi SCON. Bt ny c th c dng
khng ch mi vic nhn d liu ni tip v n l bt cc k quan trng trong thanh
ghi SCON.
10.3.3.4 Bt TB8 v RB8.
Bt TB8 l bt SCON.3 hay l bt D3 ca thanh ghi SCON. N c dng
cho ch ni tip 2 v 3. Ta t TB8 v n khng c s dng trong cc ng dng
ca mnh.
Bt RB8 (bt thu 8) l bt D2 ca thanh ghi SCON. Trong ch ni tip 1 th
bt ny nhn mt bn sao ca bt Stop khi mt d liu 8 bt c nhn. Bt ny cng
nh bt TB8 rt him khi c s dng. Trong cc ng dng ca mnh ta t RB8 = 0
v n c s dng cho ch ni tip 2 v 3.
10.3.3.5 Cc bt TI v RI.
Cc bt ngt truyn TI v ngt thu RI l cc bt D1 v D0 ca thanh ghi SCON.
Cc bt ny l cc k quan trng ca thanh ghi SCON. Khi 8051 kt thc truyn mt
k t 8 bt th n bt TI bo rng n sn sng truyn mt byte khc. Bt TI c bt
ln trc bt Stop. Cn khi 8051 nhn c d liu ni tip qua chn RxD v n tch
cc bt Start v Stop ly ra 8 bt d liu t vo SBUF, sau khi hon tt n bt c
RI bo rng n nhn xong mt byte v cn phi ly i ko n b mt c RI c
bt khi ang tch bt Stop. Trong cc v d di y s ni v vai tr ca cc bt TI v
RI.
10.3.4 Lp trnh 8051 truyn d liu ni tip.
Khi lp trnh 8051 truyn cc byte k t ni tip th cn phi thc hin cc
bc sau y:
1. Np thanh ghi TMOD gi tr 204 bo rng s dng Timer1 ch 2 thit
lp ch baud.

2. Np thanh ghi TH1 cc gi tr cho trong bng 10.4 thit lp ch baud

truyn d liu ni tip (vi gi thit tn s XTAL = 11.0592MHz).
3. Np thanh ghi SCON gi tr 50H bo ch ni tip 1 ng khung 8 bt d
liu, 1 bt Start v 1 bt Stop.
4. Bt TR1 = 1 khi ng Timer1.
5. Xo bt TI bng lnh CLR TI
6. Byte k t cn phi truyn c ghi vo SBUF.
7. Bt c TI c hin th bng lnh JNB TI, xx bo k t c truyn
hon tt cha.
8. truyn k t tip theo quay tr v bc 5.
V d 10.2 trnh by chng trnh truyn ni tip vi tc 4800 baud. V
d 10.3 trnh by cch truyn lin tc ch YES.
V d 10.2:
Hy vit chng trnh cho 8051 truyn ni tip mt k t A vi tc
4800 baud lin tc.
Li gii:

AGAIN:
HERE:

MOV
MOV
MOV
SETB
MOV
JNB
CLR
SJMP

TMOD, #20H
TH1, # - 6
SCON, #A
TR1
SBUF, #A
TI, HERE
TI
AGAIN

; Chn Timer1, ch 2 (t ng np li)

; Chn tc 4800 baud
; Truyn 8 bt d liu, 1 bt Stop cho php thu
; Khi ng Timer1
; Cn truyn k t A
; Ch n bt cui cng
; Xo bt TI cho k t k tip
; Tip tc gi li ch A

V d 10.3:
Hy vit chng trnh truyn ch YES ni tip lin tc vi tc 9600
baud (8 bt d liu, 1 bt Stop).
Li gii:
MOV TMOD, #20H
MOV TH1, # - 3
MOV SCON, #50H
SETB TR1
AGAIN: MOV A, # "Y"
ACALL TRANS
MOV A, # "E"
ACALL TRANS
MOV A, # "S"
ACALL TRANS
SJMP AGAIN
; Chng trnh con truyn d liu ni tip.
TRANS:
MOV SBUF, A
HERE:
JNB
TI, HERE
CLR
TI
RET

; Chn b Timer1, ch 2
; Chn tc 9600 baud
; Truyn 8 bt d liu, 1 bt Stop cho php thu
; Khi ng Timer1
; Truyn k t Y
; Truyn k t E
; Truyn k t S
; Tip tc
; Np SBUF
; Ch cho n khi truyn bt cui cng
; Ch sn cho mt byte k tip

10.3.4.1 Tm quan trng ca c TI.

hiu tm quan trng ca c ngt TI ta hy xt trnh t cc bc di y
m 8051 phi thc hin khi truyn mt k t quan ng TxD:
1. Byte k t cn phi truyn c ghi vo SBUF.
2. Truyn bt Start
3. Truyn k t 8 bt ln lt tng bt mt.
4. Bt Stop c truyn xong, trong qu trnh truyn bt Stop th c TI c bt
(TI = 1) bi 8051 bo sn sng truyn k t k tip.

5. Bng vi hin th c TI ta bit chc rng ta khng np qu vo thanh ghi SBUF.

Nu ta np mt byte vo SBUF trc ghi TI c bt th phn d liu ca byte
trc cha truyn ht s b mt. Hay ni cch khc l 8051 bt c TI khi truyn
xong mt byte v n sn sng truyn byte k tip.
6. Sau khi SBOF c np mt byte mi t c nhm c th truyn byte mi
ny.
T phn trnh by trn y ta kt lun rng bng vic kim tra bt c ngt TI ta
bit c 8051 c sn sng truyn mt byte khc khng. Quan trng hn cn phi
ni y l bt c TI c bt bi t 8051 khi n hon tt vic truyn mt byte d
liu, cn vic xo n th phi c lp trnh vin thc hin bng lnh CLR TI. Cng
cn lu rng, nu ta ghi mt byte vo thanh ghi SBUF trc khi c TI c bt th s
c nguy c mt phn d liu ang truyn. Bt c TI c th kim tra bng lnh JNB
TI hoc c th s dng ngt nh ta s thy trong chng 11.
10.3.5 Lp trnh 8051 nhn d liu.
Trong lp trnh ca 8051 nhn cc byte k t ni tip th phi thc hin cc
bc sau y.
1. Np gi tr 20H vo thanh ghi TMOD bo s dng b Timer1, ch 2 (8
btm, t ng np li) thit lp tc baud.
2. Np TH1 cc gi tr cho trong bng 10.4 to ra tc baud vi gi thit
XTAL = 10.0592MHz.
3. Np gi tr 50H vo thanh ghi SCON bo s dng ch truyn ni tip 1 l
d liu c ng gi bi 8 bt d liu, 1 bt Start v 1 bt Stop.
4. Bt TR1 = 1 khi ng Timer1.
5. Xo c ngt RI bng lnh CLR RI
6. Bt c RI c hin th bng lnh JNB RI, xx xem ton b k t c
nhn cha.
7. Khi RI c thit lp th trong SBUF c 1 byte. Cc ni dung ca n c
ct lu vo mt ni an ton.
8. nhn mt k t tip theo quay tr v bc 5.
V d 10.4:
Hy lp trnh cho 8051 nhn cc byte d liu ni tip v t chng vo cng
P1. t tc baud l 4800, 8 bt d liu v 1 bt Stopl.
Li gii:
MOV
MOV
MOV
SETB
HERE: JNB
MOV
MOV
CLR
SJMP

TMOD, #20H
TH1, # - 6
SCON, #50H
TR1
R1, HERE
A, SBUF
P1, A
RI
HERE

; Chn b Timer1, ch 2 (t ng np li)

; Chn tc 4800 baud
; Chn khung d liu 8 bt Stop, bt.
; Khi ng b Timer1
; i nhn ton b l t vo ht
; Lu ct k t vo thanh A
; Gi ra cng P.1
; Sn sng nhn byte k tip
; Tip tc nhn d liu

V d 10.5:
Gi s cng ni tip ca 8051 c ni vo cng COM ca my tnh IBM CP
v m ang s chng trnh Termina. Exe gi v nhn d liu ni tip. Cng P1 v
P2 ca 8051 c n ti cc LED v cc cng tc chuyn mch tng ng. Hy
vit mt chng trrnh cho 8051.
a) Gi thng bo We Are Ready (chng ti sn sng) ti my tnh PC.

b) Nhn bt k d liu g c PC gi n v chuyn n cc n LED ang ni n

cc chn ca cng P1.
c) Nhn d liu trn cc chuyn mch c ni ti P2 v gi n ti my tnh PC ni
tip. Chng trnh phi thc hin mt ln a), nhng b) v c) chy lin tc vi tc
4800 baud.
Li gii:
ORG
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV

H - 1:

B - 1:

;
SEND:
H- 2:
;
RECV:

;
RECV:

;
MYDATA:

0
P2, #0FFH
TMOD, #20H
TH1, # 0FAH
SCON, #50H

; Ly cng P2 lm cng vo
; Chn b Timer1, ch 2 (t ng np li)
; Chn tc 4800 baud
; To khung d liu 8 bt, 1bt Stop cho php
REN.
; Khi ng b Timer1
; Np con tr n thng bo

SETB TR1
MOV DPTR, #MYDATA
CLR
A
MOVC A, A + DPTR
; Ly k t
JZ
DPTR
; Nu k t cui cng mun gi ra
ACALL SEND
; Nu cha th gi chng trnh con SEND
INC
DPTR
; Chy tip
SJMP H - 1
; Quay li vng lp
MOV A, P2
; c d liu trn cng P2
ACALL RECV
; Truyn n ni tip
ACALL RECV
; Nhn d liu ni tip
MOV F1, A
; Hin th n ra cc n LED
SJMP B - 1
; li vng lp v hn
Truyn d liu ni tip ACC c d liu
MOV SBUF, A
; Np d liu
JNB
TI, H - 2
; li vng lp v hn
CLR
TI
; Truyn d liu ni tip
RET
; Nhn d liu
Truyn d liu ni tip ACC c d liu
JNB
RI, RECV
; Np d liu
MOV A, SBUF
; li y cho n khi gi bt cui cng
CLR
RI
; Sn sng cho k t mi
RET
; Tr v mi gi
Nhn d liu ni tip trong ACC
JNB
RI, RECV
; i y nhn k t
MOV A, SBUF
; Lu n vo trong ACC
CLR
RI
; Sn sng nhn k t m tip theo
RET
; Tr v ni gi
Ngn xp cha thng bo
DB
Chng ti sn sng 0
END
8051
To
PC
COM
port

P1

LED

TxD
RxD

P2

SW

10.3.5.1 Tm quan trng ca c RT.

Khi nhn cc bt quan chn RxD ca n th 8051 phi i quan cc bc sau:
1. N nhn bt Start bo rng bt sau n l bt d liu u tin cn phi nhn.

2. K t 8 bt c nhn ln lt tng bt mt. Khi bt cui cng c nhn th

mt byte c hnh thnh v t vo trong SBUF.
3. Khi bt Stop c nhn th 8051 bt RT = 1 bo rng ton b k t c
nhn v phi ly i trc khi n b byte mi nhn v ghi ln.
4. Bng vic kim tra bt c RI khi n c bt ln chng ta bit rng mt k t
c nhn v ang nm trong SBUF. Ti sao ni dung SBUF vo ni an ton
trong mt thanh ghi hay b nh khc trc khi n b mt.
5. Sau khi SBUF c ghi vo ni an ton th c RI c xo v 0 bng lnh
CLR RI nhm cho cc k t k tip nhn c a vo SBUF. Nu khng lm
c iu ny th gy ra mt k t va nhn c.
T m t trn y ta rt ra kt lun rng bng vic kim tra c RI ta bit 8051
nhn c mt byte k t cha hay ri. Nu ta khng sao c ni dung ca thanh
ghi SBUF vo ni an ton th c nguy c ta b mt k t va nhn c. Quan trng
hn l phi nh rng c RI c 8051 bt ln nh lp trnh vin phi xo n bng lnh
CLR RI. Cng nn nh rng, nu ta sao ni dung SBUF vo ni an ton trc khi
RI c bt ta mo him sao d liu cha y . Bt c RI c th c kim tra
bi lnh JNB RI, xx hoc bng ngt s c bn chng 11.
10.3.6 Nhn i tc baud trong 8051.
C hai cch tng tc baud truyn d liu trong 8051.
1. S dng tn s thch anh cao hn.
2. Thay i mt bt trong thanh ghi iu khin cng sut PCON (Power Control)
nh ch ra di y.
D0

D7
SM0D

GF0

GF0

PD

IDL

Phng n mt l khng thc thi trong nhiu trng hp v tn s thch anh

ca h thng l c nh. Quan trng hn l n khng kh thi v tn s thch anh mi
khng tng thch vi tc baud ca cc cng COM ni tip ca IBM PC. Do vy,
ta s tp trung thm d phng n hai, c mt cch nhn i tn s baud bng phn
mm trong 8051 vi tn s thch anh khng i. iu ny c thc hin nh thanh
ghi PCON, y l thanh ghi 8 bt. Trong 8 bt ny th c mt s bt khng c dng
iu khin cng sut ca 8051. Bt dnh cho truyn thng l D7, bt SMOD (ch
ni tip - serial mode). Khi 8051 c bt ngun th bt SMOD ca thanh ghi PCON
mc thp 0. Chng ta c th t n ln 1 bng phn mm v do vy nhn i c tc
baud. Th t cc lnh c s dng thit lp bt D7 ca PCON ln cao nh sau
(thanh ghi PCON l th nh a ch theo bt).
MOV
SETB
MOV

A, PCON
ACC.7
PCON, A

; t bn sao ca PCON vo ACC

; t D7 ca ACC ln 1.
; By gi SMOD = 1 m khng thay i bt k bt no khc.

bit tc baud c tng ln gp i nh th no bng phng php ny

ta xt vai tr ca bt SMOD trong PCON khi n l 0 v 1.
a) Khi SMOD = 0.
Khi SMOD = 0 th 8051 chia 1/12 tn s thch anh cho 32 v s dng n cho
b Timer1 thit lp tc baud. Trong trng hp XTAL = 11.0592MHz th ta c:
Tn s chu trnh my =
0.

11.0592MHz
921.6kHz
= 921.6 kHz v
= 28.800Hz v SMOD =
12
32

y l tn s c Timer1 s dng t tc baud. y l c s cho tt c

v d t trc n gi v n l gi tr mc nh ca 8051 khi bt ngun. Cc tc
baud i vi SMOD = 0 c cho trong bng 10.4.
b) Khi SMOD = 1.
Vi tn s c nh thch anh ta c th nhn i tc baud bng cch t bt
SMOD = 1. Khi bt D7 ca PCON (bt SMOD) c a ln 1 th 1/12 tn s XTAL
c chia cho 16 (thay v chia cho 32 nh khi SMOD = 0) v y l tn s c
Timer dng thit lp tc baud. Trong trng hp XTAL = 11.0592MHz ta c:
Tn s chu trnh my =

11.0592MHz
921.6kHz
= 921.6kHz v
= 57.600kHz v
12
16

SMOD = 1.
y l tn s m Timer1 dng t tc baud. Bng 10.5 l cc gi tr cn
c np vo TH1 cng vi cc tc baud ca 8051 khi SMOD = 0 v 1.
Bng 10.5: So snh tc baud khi SMOD thay i.
TH1 (thp phn)

TH1 (Hex)

-3
-6
-12
-24

FD
DA
F4
E8

Tc baud
SMOD = 0
SMOD = 1
9600
19200
4800
9600
2400
4800
1200
2400

V d 10.6:
gi s tn s XTAL = 11.0592MHz cho chng trnh di y, hy pht biu
a) chng trnh ny lm g? b) hy tnh ton tn s c Timer1 s dng t tc
baud? v c) hy tm tc baud truyn d liu.

A-1:
H-1:

MOV
SETB
MOV

A, PCON
ACC.7
PCON, A

MOV
MOV

TMOD, #20H
TH1, - 3

MOV
SETB
MOV
CLR
MOV
JNB
SJMP

SCON, #50H
TR1
A, #B
TI
SBUF, A
TI, H-1
A-1

; Sao ni dung thanh ghi PCON vo thanh ghi ACC

; t D7 = 0
; t SMOD = 1 tng gp i tn s baud vi tn s XTAL c nh
;
; Chn b Timer1, ch 2, t ng np li
; Chn tc baud 19200 (57600/3=19200) v SMOD = 1
;
; ng khung d liu gm 8 bt d liu, 1 Stop v cho php RI.
; Khi ng Timer1
; Truyn k t B
; Khng nh TI = 0
; Truyn n
; Ch y cho n khi bt cui c gi i
; Tip tc gi B

Li gii:
a) Chng trnh ny truyn lin tc m ASCII ca ch B ( dng nh phn l 0100
0010)
b) Vi tn s XTAL = 11.0592MHz v SMOD = 1 trong chng trnh trn ta c:
11.0592MHz/12 = 921.6kHz l tn s chu trnh my
921.6kHz/16 = 57.6kHz l tn s c Timer1 s dng t tc baud
c) 57.6kHz/3 = 19.200 l tc cn tm
V d 10.7:
Tm gi tr TH1 ( dng thp phn v hex) t tc baud cho cc trng
hp sau.

a) 9600
b) 4800 nu SMOD = 1 v tn s XTAL = 11.0592MHz
Li gii:
Vi tn s XTAL = 11.0592MHz v SMOD = 1 ta c tn s cp cho Timer1 l
57.6kHz.
a) 57.600/9600 = 6 do vy TH1 = - 6 hay TH1 = FAH
b) 57.600/4800 = 12 do vy TH1 = - 12 hay TH1 = F4H
SMOD=1

11.0592MHz
28800Hz
XTAL
oscillator

12

921.6kHz

16
32

57600Hz
28800Hz

To
timer1
to set
baud
rate

SMOD=0

V d 10.8:
Hy tm tc baud nu TH1 = -2, SMOD = 1 v tn s XTAL =
11.0592MHz. Tc ny c c h tr bi cc my tnh IBM PC v tng thch
khng?
Li gii:
Vi tn s XTAL = 11.0592MHz v SMOD = 1 ta c tn s cp cho Timer1 l
57.6kHz. Tc baud l 57.600kHz/2 = 28.800. Tc ny khng c h tr bi
cc my tnh IBM PC v tng thch. Tuy nhin, PC c th c lp trnh truyn
d liu vi tc nh vy. Phn mm ca nhiu modem c th lm cho iu ny v
Hyperterminal ca Windows 95 cng c th h tr tc ny v cc tc khc na.
10.3.7 Truyn d liuda trn cc ngt.
Ta phi thy rng tht lng ph cc b vi iu khin phi bt ln xung cc
c TI v RI. Do vy, tng hiu sut ca 8051 ta c th lp trnh cc cng truyn
thng ni tip ca n bng cc ngt. y chnh l ni dung chnh s bn lun
chng 11 di y.