3as Maths Livre Prof Solutions Exercices

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2,9 < f ( x ) < 3,1 (1 1 ) 2,9 ( x + 1) < 3x 2 < 3,1( x + 1 x + 1 > 0
2,9 ( x + 1) + 2 < 3x < 3,1( x + 1) + 2
2,9 x + 4,9 < 3 x < 3,1x + 5,1
( 2,9 x + 4,9 3x < 0 )

A = 49
4, 9
5,1
x > 0,1 x > 0,1
( 3x 3,1x 5,1 < 0 )
( 0,1x < 4,9 ) ( 0,1x < 5,1)
lim f ( x ) = 3 (2
x +
3x 2
5
3 =
(3
x +1
x +1
. C f f ( x ) 3 < 0
f ( x) 3 =
f ( x ) y lim f ( x ) y lim f ( x ) y 11
x +
x
.10 9 8 :
. .& $ $ % " + 4 % " + %- 2
lim f ( x ) = 3 13
x4
2,95 ( x 2 ) 2 x 3, 05 ( x 2 ) 2 2,95
x+2
3, 05
x2
2,95 f ( x ) 3, 05
7, 9
8,1
3, 951219512... x 4, 051282051... x
x
1,95
2, 05
I = ] 3,95; 4, 05[
1000 x 2 4003 x + 3996 < 0
3 x + 4 > 103 ( x 2 ) f ( x ) > 103 lim f ( x ) = + 14

x2
2
. 1,901488751 < x < 2,101511249
lim f ( x ) =
> 1
x
4003 40009
4003 + 40009
<x<

2000
2000
a = 0,1
-
9:$ 2" 3
18
+
lim
f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = 1 lim f ( x ) = 1 ( 19
<
x +
x 1
lim f ( x ) = + lim
f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = (
<
> 2
x
x +
x 2
lim f ( x ) = + lim
f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = 4 lim f ( x ) = 4 (
<
> 3
x
x +
x 3
lim f ( x ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = 0 (
x +
20
lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = 0 (

x2
x +
. lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = (

x 0
x +
lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = (
x 0+
x 0
x +
21
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = 3 lim f ( x ) = 3 (
x 1
x +
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + (
x 3+
x +
x 3
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = 0 ( 22

x +
x 1
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim+ f ( x ) = +
x 4+
x 4
x 1
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = (
x 1
x +
lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = +
x 3+
x 3
x 1
. lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + (

x 2
x +
lim f ( x ) = + (
x +
26
2
x 1 +
x+2
x : x > 0 (
lim f ( x ) = lim
= lim
x +
x + 3
x x + 3 1
x
x
x
2
1+
x =1
lim f ( x ) = lim
x +
x + 3
1
3
x
x
lim f ( x ) = lim
= lim
x +1 x 1
)(
x +1 + x 1
x +1 + x 1
x +
lim x = + lim
x +
= lim
x +
x +
x +1 x +1
2
= lim
=0
x +
x +1 + x 1
x +1 + x 1
x 2 x + 1 = + lim f ( x ) = lim
x
x +
x +
x 2 x + 1 x = + (
x 1 +
x x +1 x
x
= lim
= lim
x +
x +
1 1
x2 x + 1 + x
x 1 + 2 + 1
x x
x2 x + 1 x
x2 x + 1 + x
1 +
1
x
= lim
=
2
x +
2
x x +1 + x
1 1
1 + 2 + 1
x x
lim f ( x ) = lim
x + 1 x 1 ( 28
)(
D = {0; 2} :(1) 29
lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = 0
x 2
x 0
x 0
x +
lim f ( x ) = +
x 2+
D = {0} :(2)
lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = +
x 0+
x +
x 0
lim+ f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = D = {1;1} :(3)

x 1
x +
x 1
lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) =
x 1+
x 1
%.2
-
%/+ %
%- 4
3x + 4
3x + 4
lim X = + lim
= + (1 30
>
X +
x 3 x 3
x 3
lim
>
x 3
x 2 + x + 1 = + lim
lim
x +
lim
lim
X 0 +
2 x + x 3 = + lim
X = 0 lim 4 x
x2
X +
)=0
X +
lim 4 x
x 2
)=0
lim
x2
X = + lim x 2 + x + 1 = + (3
x +
X = + lim 2 x3 + x 3 = + (4
x
4 x > 0 ] 2; 2 [ : : 31
2
3
4 x2
= lim
x 2
3
4 x2
x+4
1
= lim = 0 :( 1 32
2
x
+
x 3
x
x+4
cos X = 1
lim cos 2
= 1 lim
X 0
x +
x 3
x 1
x
x 1
= lim
=
(2
lim cos
= 0 lim cos X = 0 lim
x +
x + 2 x
x +
2x
2
X
2x
2
lim
x +

lim sin x = 1 lim sin X = 1 lim x = (3
1
X
2
2 2
2
x 1

lim sin
x 1
2
sin x
lim cos
= 1
x 0
x
1
1
x +
= + : lim
= +
2
2
x 1
( x + 1)
( x + 1)
sin x
sin x
lim
= lim
= 1 (4
x 0
x
0
x
x
1
lim f ( x ) = 3 lim f ( x ) 3 = 0 lim 2
= 0 35
x +
x +
x + x + 1
lim f ( x ) = f ( x ) 2 x3 lim 2 x3 = 36
lim cos X = 1
x +
x +
1 4
1
x + x lim x 4 + x = + 37
x +
x + 2
2
1 3 + 2 cos x 5 2 2 cos x 2 1 cos x 1 ( 1 38

1
1
1 1 3 + 2 cos x 5 . x 1 + x + : ( 2
5 3 + 2 cos x
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
lim
= + lim
= lim x 1 = + : .
x 1
x + 3 + 2 cos x
x + 5
x +
5
3 + 2 cos x
lim f ( x ) = + f ( x )
x 2 3sin x ( x 2 3) = 3sin x + 3 = 3 (1 sin x ) (1 39 1 sin x 1 1 sin x 1
0 1 sin x 2 x 2 3sin x x 2 3 0
x 2 3sin x x 2 3 :
lim x 2 3 = + (2 x 2 3sin x x 2 3 lim x 2 3sin x = +
x +
x +
40 1 sin x 1 : ( x > 0 ) + 2 x 2 x sin x 2 x

x 2 2 x x 2 + 2 x sin x x 2 + 2 x
lim x 2 2 x = lim x 2 + 2 x = + . lim f ( x ) = +
x +
x +
x +
1 sin x 1 : ( x < 0 ) 2 x 2 x sin x 2 x

x 2 + 2 x x 2 + 2 x sin x x 2 2 x
lim x 2 2 x = lim x 2 + 2 x = + . lim f ( x ) = +
x
x 1 x + sin x x + 1
(1 41 1 sin x 1 : : x 1 x + sin x x + 1
2x +1
2x +1
2x + 1
1
x 1
x +1 1
lim = ) lim f ( x
= lim
(2 = :
x +
x + 2 x + 1
x + 2 x + 1
2
2
5 2"DE%-
43 f :
lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 2 x + 1 = 1 (1
<
<
x 2
x 2
lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 + x 5 = 1
>
x 2
>
x 2
x2
x>2
; f ( x ) = x 2 2 x + 1
2
; f ( x ) = x + x 5
. f ( 2 ) = 1 f 2
. f ( 2 ) = 1 f 2
f . 2
(2 f [) ]; 2 ( [) ]2; + ( .2
6 /+ %
F .
%0D"2
5
1
3
1 3
f = f ( 0 ) = f (1) = (1 52
4
4
4
2 8
1
1
(2 ;0 1; ]. [ 0;1
2
2
f ( 1) =
56 f ] ]3; 0 [ [ 2; + [ 0 [ 2; +
f ( x ) = 0 ]]3; 0
f ] [ 0; 2 ] [ 2; 4 ] 0 [ 2; 4
f ( x ) = 0 ] [0; 2
f ( x ) = 0 x0 x1 3 < x0 < 0 0 < x1 < 2
7

2"I2
+2 %/
64
lim f ( x ) = + (1 lim f ( x ) =
x +
(2 f f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 + 6 x x
( f ' ( x ) = 0 ) ( x = 0 ) ( x = 2
f ' ( x ) > 0
f ' ( x ) < 0 ) ( x < 0 ) ( x > 2
)( 0 < x < 2
0
2
3
-1
(3
-
+
x
)f ( x
][ 2;3] [0;1] [ 1; 0
7 3
67 ) h : x f ( x ) g ( x 8 ; 4
2.J2!":
-
2 % " + %- $ $ % " + 4 &. .
c = 1 b = 3 a = 2 71 d = 1
c = 3 b = 1 a = 1 (1 72 d = 1
3
1
3
1
(2
lim f ( x ) ( x + 1) = lim
= 0 f ( x) = x +1+
2
x
x x + 1
x + 1 ( x + 1)2
)( x + 1
=0
3
lim f ( x ) ( x + 1) = lim
x +
x + x + 1
)( x + 1
) ( C
2
f + y = x + 1
3
1
3x + 2
=
(3 ): f ( x ) ( x + 1
2
2
)x + 1 ( x + 1
)( x + 1
= )f ( x ) ( x + 1
2
2
f ( x ) ( x + 1) = 0 f ( x ) ( x + 1) < 0 x =
3
3
2
f ( x ) ( x + 1) > 0 x >
3
2
) ( C ; + ) ( C [ ]; 1 . 1;
3
lim f ( x ) = + (1 73 lim f ( x ) ( x + 2 ) = 0
x<
x +
x +
: y = x + 2 (2 ) ( C . +
(3( lim f ( x ) = +
4 5
4 5
x 2 1 + + 2
x 1 + + 2
x x
x x
= lim
( = 1
x
x
x
x + 4x + 5
= lim
x
x
2
= lim
)f ( x
x
lim
x4+
4x + 5
x
= lim
= 2
2
x
4 5
x + 4x + 5 x
x 1 + + 2 + 1
x x
lim f ( x ) + x = lim x + 4 x + 5 + x = lim

x
x
2
. y = x 2 ( ' C ) (
lim g ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + (1 74
x +
1 3
1
lim g ( x ) x + =
lim f ( x ) x + = 0 (2
x +
x +
2 2
2
1
( C g ) + y = x + ( C f ) :
2
+
1
3
1
3
lim g ( x ) ( x + 2 ) = 0 lim g ( x ) x + = 0 lim g ( x ) x + =

x +
x +
x +
2 2
2 2
. + ( C g ) y = x + 2 '
-
9:$ 2" 3
x +
x +1
(1 82
x + 2x 3
x +1
x
1
lim f ( x ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = lim 2
= lim 2 = lim = 0
x +
x
x x + 2 x 3
x x
x x
x
+
1
lim
x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0+ lim
x + 1 = 2 lim
f x = lim
= +
> 1
> 1
> 1 ( )
> 1 2
x
x
x
x
x + 2x 3
lim
f ( x ) = + lim
f ( x ) = lim
f ( x ) = :
>
<
<
D f = {3;1} f ( x ) =
x 3
x 3
x 1
Df = f ( x)
lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim (

x +
x
x
lim f ( x )
x 0
( x + 2)
= lim
x 0
= lim
f ( x) =
g ( x)
h ( x)
= lim
x + 2) 8
3
x x 2 + 6 x + 12
x
x3
= lim x 2 = +
x x
x
) = lim
x 0
+ 2 ( x + 2) + 4
sin 3 x 0
sin 3 x
3 =
f ( x) =
=
2 cos x 1 2 cos x 1
(x

2cos x 2 cos
3
x

g ( x) g
3
3

h ( x) h
3
x
x
2
+ 6 x + 12 = 12
h ( x ) = 2 cos x 1 g ( x ) = sin 3x : x

sin 3x sin 3
3
(6
= lim
( x + 2 2) (( x + 2)
x 0
x 0
( x + 2)
=
88

g '
3

h g lim f ( x ) =
h ' 0
3

x
3
3
h '
3
h ' ( x ) = 2sin x g ' ( x ) = 3cos 3 x :

lim f ( x ) = 3 h ' = 3 g ' = 3
x
3
3
3
0
lim 1 cos x = 0 lim sin 2 x = 0 (1 90
x 0
x 0
0
sin 2 x
sin 2 x
1 + cos x
sin 2 x 1 + cos x
= lim
lim
= lim
x 0 1 cos x
x 0 1 cos x
x
0
sin x
1 + cos x
sin 2 x
1 + cos x
sin 2 x 1 + cos x
l1 = lim+
= lim 2 2 x
= 2 2 : x > 0
x 0
x 0
sin x
sin x
+
. 0 l2 = lim ( 2 x ) tan x (2
x
X 0 x
X = x
:
2
2 X
2
l2 = lim ( 2 x ) tan x = lim ( 2 X ) tan + X = lim

=
lim
=2
X 0
X 0 tan X
X 0 tan X
2
x
2
X
2
. x = X +
%.2
-
%/+ %
%- 4
:( 1 101
1
x x +1
2
1
x x +1
2
+ 2x =
< 2 x
(x +
(x
x x 2 + 1 < 0 : x D f =
x2 + 1
)(
x2 + 1 x + x2 + 1
1
x x +1
2
+ 2x = x +
x 2 + 1 + 2 x = x x 2 + 1 :
+ 2 x < 0 x x 2 + 1 < 0 : x
0 1 + sin x 2 1 sin x 1 ( 2
x (1 + sin x )
x x +1
2
< 4 x 2
x (1 + sin x )
x x +1
2
x > 0 : 0 x (1 + sin x ) 2 x
< 2 x x (1 + sin x )
< 2 x :
x x2 + 1
f ( x ) < 4 x 2
. lim f ( x ) = : . lim 4 x 2 = :
x +
x +

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f 2 . f ( x ) = x
)f ( x ) f ( 0
x
x
lim = 1
= lim
= 1
<
<
x
0 x
x
0
x
0 x
x 0
= lim
>
)f ( x ) f (0
lim f . 0
>
x 0
3
6 A 2 T = ) f ' ( 2
2
3
f ( 2 ) = 3 T . y = ( x + 2 ) + 3
2
x
0
2
."2
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12 f .
. f ' ( x ) = 5x 4 + 4x 3 9x 2 + 2x + 4
6x 2 + 2x 4
4
4 . f ' ( x ) = 6mx 2 + 6m 3 x m 2
= ) . f '(x
. f ( m ) = 2x 3 + 9m 2 x 2 2mx + 1
14 f ( x ) = x + x cos x f ' ( x ) = 1 + cos x x sin x . D =

f ( x ) = sin x cos x . f ' ( x ) = cos 2 x sin 2 x = cos 2x . D =
x cos x sin x
sin x
= ) f ( x . D =
4
2
x
x
= ) . f '(x
3 S T,
%
25 f ( x ) = 2x 4 27x + 7 ) f ' ( x ) = 8x 3 27 = ( 2x 3) ( 4x 2 + 6x + 9
3
4x 2 + 6x + 9 > 0 x
2
3
3
; + x f ' ( x ) 0 f . ;
2
2
4 f ' ( x ) = 1 sin x . f ( x ) = x + cos x 1 sin x x f ' ( x ) 0
x f ' ( x ) 0 f
f .
1 2 x
1
1
+
f ( x ) = f + +

2
x
x
x
x
f ' ( x ) > 0 f . +
27 C f f
4
3
2
1
}. {2; 2
' f
f ' ( x ) =
1 2 3 4 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0
-1
2
1 2 3 4 x
y
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-1
-2
-3
4 ."Q
+ %%/
34 ( ). f ' ( x ) = 3 ( 2x + 2 ) ( x 2 + 2x 3
2
( ). g ' ( x ) = 4 ( 4x + 1) ( 2x 2 + x 1
3
( ). h ' (t ) = 5 ( 3t 2 1)(t 3 t + 1
4
16u
)(u 2 + 3
. t ' (u ) =
39 y = x 2 x + 1
1
1
. y = x 2 +x +
4
4
(1 . 1
(2 g .
u : x x 2 x + 1 f : x u .
1
1
f ' (1) = g (1) = 1 f (1) = 1 = ). g ' (1
2
2
1
f y = ( x 1) + 1 : . g
2
5
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W
41 0 :
( . (1 + x ) 1 + 3x (1 + x ) = x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 1 x 0
3
x 3x
2
.
) x (1 + x 0 . y = 1 + 3x
3
2.J2!" :
-
1 % P."QE
46
C f f
. D f = [ 5; 2] .1
1
C
) 0 ( 4
0
B
1
f ' ( 3) = 0 f ' = 0 .2 = 2
2 0
2
9
.4 y = 1 A y = B . y = 2 ( x + 2 ) C
4
.5 C f C . C f
53
= ) . f ' ( 2
f ] [ 0; 2 C
.
(1 .
(2 ) (1;0 ) M ( x ; y C M = 1 y 0 ( x 1) + y 2 = 1 y 0
2
) y = 1 ( x 1
2
(3
)f ( x ) f (0
x
)f ( x ) = 1 ( x 1
lim .
>
x
0
2
."2
! :2 :$
f 58 :
f ( x ) = x3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 3
C f T A . 0
. y = 3x + 3 .1
5
.2 x ; + .
2
2
.3 . f ( x ) ( 3x + 3) = x ( x + 3) : x
.4 [ x [ 3; + f ( x ) ( 3x + 3) 0 ]x ] ; 3
f ( x ) ( 3x + 3) 0 .

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1
)
)
(
(
2 x
1 e 2 x e 1 e
e2 x 1
(1 3
=
=
1 + e 2 x e 2 x 1 + e2 x
e2 x + 1
2x
1
1
ex 1
=
(2
e x e2 x
e2 x
(3(e x + e x )2 = (e x ) 2 + 2e x e x + (e x )2 :
= e x e 2 x
(e x + e x ) 2 = e 2 x + e 2 x + 2
1
e4 x + 1
+
2
=
+2
e2 x
e2 x
)
)
(e x + e x ) 2 = e 2 x +
(
(
x
x
x
e x e x e e e
e2 x 1
(4
=
=
e x + e x e x e x + e x
e2 x + 1
2 x e kx
15f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) f ( y ) :
(1( x = y = 0 f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 ) f ( 0 ) : f ( 0 ) f ( 0 ) = 0
f ( 0 ) 1 f ( 0 ) = 0 f ( 0 ) = 1 f .
2
( f ( x ) f ( x ) = f ( x x ) : x
) f ( x ) f ( x ) = f ( 0 f ( x ) f ( x ) = 1
x
x x
.2 - f = f + = f ( x ) x
2
2 2
( f .
x
f
2
3
f [ [ 0; + :
1
x + 1 e x
2
1
.1( f ' ( x ) = + e x f [. [ 0; +
2
( . lim f ( x ) = +
= )f ( x
3
2
x +
.2( lim f ( x ) x + 1 = lim e x = 0

x +
2
x +
1
D. y = x + 1 :
2
( ) ( C . D
.3 ) (
51
.1
) g ( x) f ( x) = e x (1 sin x
sin x = 1 ] [ 0;
= . x
g '( x) = e x
f '( x) = e x ( sin x + cos x ) .2

A ;e 2
2

f ' = g ' = e 2 A .
2
2
4
P ( x ) = 2 x3 + 3 x 2 + 11x 6 61
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x e 2 ; e ; e (3
x ln ;ln 3 (4
2
5
x + 2 y = 16
73
x
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ln y = ln 3
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ln x + ln y = ln 60
}) S = {( 8; 24 ) , ( 2; 6
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1
2t 2 5t + 2 = 0 (1 74 t ; 2
2
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f ( x ) = 3ln ( 2 + x ) + x 2 3 x 91
3
2 x2 + x 3
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x
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x
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5 5
x
x
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5
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0
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x +
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x +
1 ex
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x +
x +
x
x
ex x
ex x
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2 = + (2
x +
x + x 2
x2
x
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x +
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x +
x +
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x +
x
e
2x
47
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3x
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x
x x
3x
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x 0
x 0 x
x ln 3
3x e x ln 3 e [ ln 3]
e x ln 3
2
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=
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2
2
2
x
x
x [ ln 3]
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2
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x +
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1
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0,35
0,3
0,25
0,2
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( f (0, 3573) 0, 2499 f (0, 3574) 0, 25001
1
( f ( x) = 0 x = 0 = ) f ( x x = 1
e
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( un +1 un = un e un 1
un > 0 e un < 1 un +1 un < 0 ) ( un

( ) ( un 0 . .
= e = 0
un +1 = un e un . wn = ln un .2 ln un +1 = ln un + ln e un = ln un un
wn +1 = wn un un = wn wn+1
( S n = u0 + u1 + ..... + un = (w0 w1) + (w1 w2 ) + (wn1 wn ) + (wn wn+1) = w0 wn+1
( un wn 0 S n . +
1
1
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4
4
(1 62 D ) J (0;1 ) K (1; 0 y = x + 1
= ) f ( v0 = 1 . un = vn
lim ( x ) = 0 (2 lim f ( x ) ( mx + p ) = 0
x +
x +
y = mx + p + . D . m = p = 1
( J .
( )f ( x ) = x + 1 + ( x) f ( x ) = x + 1 + ( x
) f ( x ) + f ( x) = 2 + ( x) + ( x f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2 ( x) + ( x) = 0
) ( x) = ( x
( f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2 f ' ( x ) f ' ( x ) = 0 ) . f ' ( x ) = f ' ( x ' f.
(3( ( x ) = (ax + b)e x ( x ) = ( ax + b)e x
2
ax + b = ax b b = 0
( f ( x ) = x + 1 + ( x) = x + 1 + axe x f ' ( x ) = 1 + '( x) = 1 + a 1 2 x 2 e x

2
( T ) 0 (J f '(0) = 1 e
f '(0) = 1 + a 1 e = 1 + a a = e
( f ( x ) = x + 1 + axe x = x + 1 exe x
2
x
64:1
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g '( x) . g '( x) = e x 1 (1 x 0 x 0
= )f ( x
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:2
(1( lim f ( x) = 1 lim f ( x) = 0
x +
( ) ( C y = 1 + ) ( C
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(1 x)e x
2
(e
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( ) f '( x )(1 x
1
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0
1
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x
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f
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= . f ( x) x
[ ( C ) ];0 T [ ( C ) ]0; + . T
(4
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
-1
f ' ( x ) = ( x + 1)(1 x)e x .1 66

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f ' ( x ) < 0 x < 1 x > 1
f ' ( x ) = 0 x = 1 x = 1
f ] [ 1;1 ] ]; 1
x2
1
2 x
= lim x = 0 lim f ( x) = lim x e = + .2
x
x
x + e
x + e
x2
y = 0 +
[[1; +
lim f ( x) = lim x 2e x = lim ) ( C
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x +
5
4
3
2
1
5 x
.4( k < 0 .
-
k = 0 x = 1
4
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4
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e
4
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e
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x +
4
( - x > 1
e
[[ 1; +
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- x < 1 f [. ]0; + 2
[ ]0; + x f ( x ) = 2
f (2) 7,39 f (1) = 0

0 < 2 < 7,39 2 < < 1
( f ( ) = 2 ( + 1) 2 e = 2 ( + 1)2 = 2e
( )
+ 1 = 2e 2e
( + 1 =
< 1 = 1 2e 2
2 ln x
(1 68(
2x x
( lim f ( x) = 0 lim f ( x) =
= )f '( x
x 0
x +
e
0
2
e
x
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f
0
f (1) = 0 (2 f '(1) = 1 T y = x 1
g ( x ) = x 1 f ( x ) (3
1
( ln x + 2 x x 1
2x x
= )g '( x) = 1 f '( x
( g '(1) = 0 ) g ' ( x ln x + 2 x x 1
[ ln x < 0 : ]0;1 x x 1 < 0 g ' ( x ) < 0
[ ln x > 0 : ]1; + x x 1 > 0 . g ' ( x ) < 0
( g (1) = 0
1
+
0
-
0
-1
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-2
0
x [g ( x ) 0 : ]0; +
( x [ ( C ) ]0; + .T
(4) (
-3
-4

ex 1
73 :
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h '( x) = e x ( x + 1) .1
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1
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h
1
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e
.2 g ( x) : )h( x
h( x) > 0 x .
h( x) 1
g ( x) = -
= xlim
( g '( x) = 1 e x
+
-
2 ex
lim g ( x) = lim x 1 +
x +
x +
x x
0
1
)g '( x
[ x ] ; g ( x) > 0
( [ x ]; [ ] ; + g ( x) < 0
: f : C
lim f ( x) = 0 lim f ( x) = 1 .1
x
( )
.2( ) ()
)( xe + 1
)e (2 e + x
)e g ( x
=
=
)( xe + 1
)( xe + 1
x +
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x
= )f '( x
2e x e 2 x + xe x
+1
( xe
= )f '( x
+
-
0 +
) f (
x
)f '( x
-1
f
) f (
0
(3( g ( ) = 0 e = + 2
e 1
+ 2 1
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1
=
=
=
2
e + 1 ( + 2 ) + 1 ( + 1) + 1
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1
1
1
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<
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1,14 < < 1,15 2,14 < + 1 < 2,15
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e x 1 x 2e x x e x 1 x 2e x x + xe x xe x
=
x
=
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xe x + 1
xe x + 1
xe x + 1
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xe x + 1
) = (e
( )
x e x xe x 1 + e x xe x 1
xe x + 1
= f ( x) x
= f ( x) x
( u '( x) = xe x
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0
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0
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1
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1
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2
2
3
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1
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f ( x ) = sin x ( a cos2 x + b cos 4 x )
44
f ( x ) = sin x ( sin 2 x cos 2x )
f ( x ) = sin x (1 cos 2 x ) cos2 x
f ( x ) = sin x ( cos 2 x cos 4 x )
1
1
F ( x ) = cos3 x + cos5 x
3
5
4
cos x + 3sin 2 x cos 2 x
u '(x ) =
(1
cos6 x
cos2 x + 3 1 cos 2 x sin 2 x
3
2
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=
4
4
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cos x cos 2 x
1
2
(2
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3
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1

k x u ( x ) + 2 tan x + k 0; v
3
4
1 sin x
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1
1
1 1
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3
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48
37
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1
1
1
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2
4 ( x 1) 4 ( x + 1)2
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1
1
1
1

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2
2
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1
1
1
1
3
F ( x) =

+
2
2
4 ( x 1) 4 ( x + 1) 2
f ( x ) = sin x + sin 3 x = sin x (1 + sin 2 x ) = sin x ( 2 cos 2 x ) = 2sin x sin x cos 2 x .1 43

1
F ( x ) = 2 cos x + cos3 x .2
3
3
2
2
2
f ( x ) = sin x cos x = sin x ( sin x cos x ) .1 44
f ( x ) = sin x (1 cos 2 x ) cos 2 x
f ( x ) = sin x ( cos 2 x cos 4 x )
1
1
F ( x ) = cos3 x + cos5 x .2
3
5
4
5
4
4
f ( x ) = sin x cos x = cos x ( sin x cos x ) .1 45
f ( x ) = cos x sin 4 x (1 sin 2 x ) = cos x ( sin 4 x 2sin 6 x + sin 8 x )

2
1
2
1
F ( x ) = sin 5 x sin 7 x + sin 9 x .2
5
7
9
f '' ( x ) = 4sin 4 x + 12 cos 2 x sin 2 x f ' ( x ) = 4 cos x sin 3 x .1 46
f '' ( x ) = 4 f ( x ) + 12 1 sin 2 x sin 2 x .2
f '' ( x ) = 4 f ( x ) + 12sin x 12sin 4 x

2
1 cos 2 x
f '' ( x ) = 16 f ( x ) + 12
1
3
3
f '' ( x ) cos 2 x + f '' ( x ) = 16 f ( x ) 6cos 2 x + 6
16
8
8
1
3
3
. f F : x
f ' ( x ) sin 2 x + x .3
16
16
8
1
3
3
F ( x ) = cos x sin 3 x sin 2 x + x
4
16
8
2004
2006
f ( x ) = tan x + tan x :
f ( x) =
47
u ( x ) = tan x u ' u n f ( x ) = (1 + tan 2 x ) tan 2004 x f ( x )

1

F ( x ) = tan 2005 x ; ;
5
2 2
2 2
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57
x
x
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1
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1
f ( x ) = f " ( x ) + f ' ( x )
2
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2
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1 x
1
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2
2
2
F ( x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d e 2 x 58
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)
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3
3
3
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y
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13
8
.1 4 . C
=I
I =1
y
.2 f ][ 1;1
.3
1
0
2 xdx + x dx I = 1 + 3 = 3
2
=I
1 x
-1
.1
2
1
3 x
-1
-3
-2
.2 f ]. [ 3;3
2
(0.5 x + 1.5)dx + ( x + 2)dx + ( 3 x + 2)dx .3

6
=I
( ) ....... y = 1 + 2 ( x 1)2 .1
) ( ( x 1) 2 + ( y 1) 2 = 2 : y 1 0
C ) (1;1 2
. y 1
.2 f ) I = 2 ( + 2
y = 4 x 2 .1 x 2 + y 2 = 4 : y 0
C O 2 . y 0
.2 f . I = 2
3
f ( x) dx = 8
f ( x) dx = 7
. f ( x) dx = 4
(1 10
3
1 2
1 2 x x 1 dx = 2 x 1 = 2
1
10 1 (2
dt
=2
t
10
5x
ln 3
5
ln 2 e dx = 1 (4 3 x 2 2 3 dx = 56 (3
(
)
3
4
(3 x 6) ( x 2 4 x + 1 ) dx = 3 ( x 2 4 x + 1 ) 11
8
0
0
3
dt
= 2 1 + t = 4 2 = 2
0
1+ t
2
0
2
1 17
1
4
dt = ln ( t 4 + 1) = ln
t +1
4
1 4 2
1
1
e2 x
1 2
1
2x
)0 e2 x + 1 dx = 2 ln ( e + 1) 0 = 2 ( e 1
2 c
"+X
32
1
1
I = f ( x) dx = x dx + dx = + ln 3
x
2
0
0
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
J = f ( x) dx = dx + x dx = ln 2
x
8
2
2
1
3
%2 .
%0D"2
36
= 3 f ( x) = 2 x + 3
= 0 f ( x) = x
1
1
1
(1 37 x 2 ;1 ln x > ln 2 : 1 ln x dx ln 21 dx
2
1
1
(2 x ] [1; 2 :
3
1+ x
2
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ln x dx
1
2
1
1
1
1
1 1 + x3 dx 2 1 dx 1 1 + x3 dx 2

(3 x ; 1 sin( x 2 + 1) 1 :
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2
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(1 44 x ] [ 0;1:
1
1
1
1
1
dx 1
1
3
2 0 1+ x
2 1 + x3
1
f : x x ]: [ 0;9
(2 ] [ 0;9:
1+ x
9
9
1
) f (9) f ( x ) f (0 1 f ( x ) 1dx 9 :
4 0 1+ x
4
(1 45 ] [1; 2 f : x x3 + 1 :
x ] f (1) f ( x ) f (2) : [1; 2 2 f ( x ) 3
2 x3 + 1 dx 3 :
1
(2 x ] e4 e x 1 : [ 0; 2
2
2e 4 e x dx 2
2
0
4
(3 x ] ln 3 ln( x 2 1) ln15 : [ 2; 4 2 ln 3 ln( x 2 1) dx 2 ln 3 + 2 ln 5
46
1 2
1
.1 : x + 2 x 5 f ( x ) x + 2 :
10
2
C f P ] [ 4;12
1
1
x 2 + 2x 5 f ( x ) x + 2 :
10
2
12
.2 ] [ 4;12 C f A = f ( x ) dx :
4
12
12
12
1 2
1
1 2
10 x + 2x 5 f ( x ) 2 x + 24 10 x + 2x 5 dx 4 f ( x ) dx 4 2 x + 2 dx :
1 3
1
g g ( x ) = x 2 + 2x 5 G x + x 2 5x :
30
10
1 2
1
h h ( x ) = x + 2 H H ( x ) = x + 2x :
4
2
12
792 184 976
1 2
4 10 x + 2x 5 dx = G (12 ) G ( 4 ) = 30 30 = 30
1
12
2 x + 2 dx = H (12 ) H ( 4 ) = 60 12 = 48
4
976
A 48 :
30
4
(1 49
f ( x) dx = 3 = 6
(2
f ( x) dx = 2 = 2 ln 2
1
1
f ( x) dx = = (3
2 2
2
74
1
2
= f ( x) dx
1
1
1
1 1
I n
(1 51 x ] : [ n ; n + 1
n +1
n
n +1 x n
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4
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9
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59
y
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1
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0
1
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1
1
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A1 =

2
4
2( x + 1) 0
(2 - T ) ( C y = x :
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1
- A2 T D . A2 = u.a
2
1 1 1
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1
2x
1
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dx =
(4 -
2
2
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G (x ) =
A2 ( A2 )
1
1
1
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=
2
2
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1
. lim I ( ) = -
+
2
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. OAB
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I
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8
cos 2 x sin 2 x = cos(2 x) -.2
1
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2
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1
1
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2
2
0 2 0
12 1
11 2
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2 8 2
22 8
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73
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2
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v =
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4
1
3
5
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2
4 0
2
1
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2
0 2
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2
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x
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0
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1
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0
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r
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r2
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1
1
1
.1 97 x ] : [ 0;1
x
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2
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e nx
e nx
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en 1
en 1
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n +
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n
u
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112
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2
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0
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x
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1
-
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0
0
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2
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0
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1
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2
1
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2
2
1
1
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2
2
2
2
1
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x +
x + x
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x +
x +
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2
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t e
t 2
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2 t 2
t e
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2 t2
t e
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0
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0
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2
t 2
(e
0
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lim F ( x) = = ) lim G ( x = lim F ( x) G ( x) =

x +
x +
2 2
2 x+
) N lim F ( x) G ( x . N
x +
2
x
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1
0
x
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f ( x) < g ( x) : x 1
0
x
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1
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2 0
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0
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625
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p 3 = p (D R ) + p (R D ) = p 2 + p1 =
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6
P (F )
P (F )
PF (B )
PF (B )
PF (B )
PF (B )
1
2
1
2
4
7
3
7
2
7
5
7
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1
E (X ) = = 12,5 (2

Y3' j !3 T i !3 T *< 4 '7 1@ 6 j( ;1 A j O : - 25
C 42 = 6 <(
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6< ^F

6 i !3 *< 5 - 4 = 1 *<4 '7 1@ 6 j( ;1 C( 5 ; 6 ) j B( 4 ; 3 ) :
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( CD @ 3 U(
1
2
3
4
5
qI
2
3
5
2
3
2
1
I2
$
C4 = 6
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13
(1
60
2
P (X 2 6X + 8 0) = p [ (X 4)(X 2) 0] = p (2 X 4) = (4
3
12
88
p F (L ) = 0,08 p F (L ) = 0, 2 p (F ) = 1
=
= 0,88 (1
100 100
p (F L ) = p (F ) p (L ) = 0.2 0.12 = 0.024 (( 2
P (X 1) = p (X = 1) =
1
(3
3
5
5
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2
12
a=
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p F (L ) =
p (F L ) 0, 024
0, 25 (3
=
0, 0944
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p (F L ) = 1 (0, 024 + 0, 0704 + 0, 0964) = 0,8096 (( 4

p = 1 (0,8096) 20 0, 985 (
37
65

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1 979 '.A4
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:
(1
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2
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= n (4
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(4 n = 5 . u n > 25000
(1 .B
(2 n v n +1 = v n + 1500 ) (v n 1500 .v 1 = 15000
(3 .v n = 1500n + 15000 n
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= + (2
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x
6
x
6
x +6
x +6

f 6 ) (C f j . 6
lim
>
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x +
1
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2 x +6
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(5
6
+
x
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x + 6 = x (6
0
2
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y
3
2
1
4x
-1
-2
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-4
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-6
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3
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2
3
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3x + 2
= ) f (x
f g [ [ 0; +:
x +2
x +1
1
= ) f ' ( x f [ [ 0; + ) (u n .
(1
2
)( x + 1
= ) . g (x
(2
4
2
)( x + 2
= ) g ' ( x g [ [ 0; + ) (v n .
3n + 2 3n + 10
(3
n + n + 1
n +2
. lim (u n v n ) = 3 3 = 0
lim (u n v n ) = lim
n +
n +
(4 lim u n = lim v n = 3
n +
n +
u n +1 = f (u n ) X
%
""+ %D! + %
:
7 ';3 !3 3
. u n +1 = au n + b )@-
#3 @ : )@2 )6 @ 'R U.X Y4
:
(1 .1 ) (u n . 2
y
3
(2
2
1
x + 3 = x (3 . x = 2 . = 2
2
1
v n +1 = u n +1 2 = u n + 1 n :
2
1
1
(v n + 2 ) + 1 = v n
2
2
u1
u2 u4 u3
u0
v n +1 = ) (v n.
1
1 < < 1 lim v n = 0 . lim u n = lim v n + 2 = 2
n +
n +
n +
2
(1 .2 a = 0 . u n +1 = b n
u 0 = b ) (u n u 0 b ) (u n .
(2 a = 1 . u n +1 = u n + b n ) (u n . b
a 0 (3 . a 1
) ( D ) ( . ( a 1) x + b
[ a ];0[ ]0;1 :
b
; x
) ( ) ( D
a 1
.x
) ( ) ( D ; +
a 1
[ a ]1; + :
b
; x
) ( ) ( D
a 1
.x
) ( ) ( D ; +
a 1
b
= .
a 1
b
b
b ba
v n +1 = au n + b +
v n +1 = u n +1 +
n
= a v n
+
a 1
a 1
a 1 a 1
) (v n . a
v n +1 = av n
u n +1 = u n + b (4 u 0 = u 0 u 1 = u 0 + b u 2 = u 0 u 3 = u 0 + b u 4 = u 0 u 5 = u 0 + b . u 6 = u 0
u 2 p = u 0 : p u 2 p +1 = u 0 + b
b b
n
. u n = ( 1) u 0 + : n
2 2
b
b
n
(3 u n = v n + = v n + = v 0 ( 1) +
2
2
b
b
n
. u n = u 0 ( 1) +
2
2
."+ %
""+ %
! e
/ :
>?3 :
^
7 .
#3 @ : )@2 )6 @ 'R U.X Y4
:
e
1+ x
. lim f ( x ) = lim x
f ( x ) = lim e x (1 + x ) = + (1 .1
xlim = +
x +
x +
x
x
x
f ' ( x ) = e x 1 :
x
0
+
x
) f '(x
) f (x
+
0
(2 .1 f ( x ) 0 x x
ex
(1) ... 1 + x
1
(3 .1 (1) x = X 1 X e X X < 1 1 X > 0
1 X
1
1
. e X x < 1
( 2 ) ... e x
1 x
1 X
1
X
1
1
1
1
(1 .2 = (1) x 1 + e n . 1 + e
n
n
n
1
(2 .2 ) x = ( n + 1 ( n + 1) < 1 ) ( 2
n +2
1
1 1
+1
n +2 n n
n +1
(1 .3
)( n +1
n +1
)( n +1
1
e + 1
n
1
1
1 + e 1 + u n
n
n
n +1
1
1
1 + u n e u n 1 +
n
n
3
1 1 3
1
1 1
1 +
0 e u n 1 + 1 + e 3
n
n n n
n
n n
3
(2 .3 lim = 0 lim e u n = 0 . lim u n = e
n +
n +
n + n
(3 . 3
1
(1
! )( n + 1
= u n +1 u n u n +1 u n > 0
1
1
1
(2
+
!)( n + 1) ( n + 1)! n ( n !) ( n + 1
1 1
( n !) n ( n + 1)2
= v n +1 v n
= v n +1 v n .v n +1 v n < 0
1
= 0 (3
)! n + n ( n
. lim (v n u n ) = lim
n +
) (u n ) (v n .
&I %&I+
/ :
>?3 : !.3

: - .
./ :
."+ %
""+ %
! )ln(2
/ :
>?3 :
(_
.
#3 @ : )@2 )6 @ 'R U.X Y4
. 0 e un
:

n ( 1
(2

1
ln x g ( x ) = 1 x + ln x h g ( 1
x
1 x ln x
. lim g ( x ) = lim x
g ( x ) =
+
= x lim
>
x +
x +
0
x
x
1 1 x
g ' ( x ) = 1 + =
x
x
0
1
+
x
+
0
g '( x )
. h (x ) = 1
g (x )
. ln x x 1 1 x + ln x 0 g ( x ) 0 x ]0; +[
lim
h ( x ) = lim
1
>
>
x
0
h '(x ) =
x
h '(x )
h (x )
x
0
1
(1 + x ln x ) =
x
1 1 1 x
= 2 . lim h ( x ) =
x +
x2 x
x
0
1
+
+
0
0
1
1
. 1 ln x 1 ln x 0 h ( x ) 0 x ]0; +[
x
x
1
. 1 ln x x 1
x
. p ( 2
p
p +1 p +1
p +1
1
ln
1 : x =
p +1
p
p
p
1
p +1 1
.
ln
p +1
p
p
1
2n
1
1
n +2
1
1
n +1 1
.
ln
...
ln
ln
(a (3
2n
2n 1 2 n 1
n +2
n +1 n +1 n +1
n
n
1
1
1
2n
n +1 n + 2
. ln
+
+
= u n : 1 ( b
...
= ln 2 : 2 .
n + 1 n + 2 2n
n +1
2n 1
n
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
= un +
+
:3
+
+
= +un
n n + 1 n + 2 2n 1
2n
n n + 1 n + 2 2n 1 n
2n
2n
. u n ln 2 u n +
1
1
0 ln 2 u n = 0
(4
n + 2n
2n
lim lim ( ln 2 u n ) = 0 . lim u n = ln 2

n +
n +

1 r

""2
!.%-
u0 = 2
1
u n +1 = 2 u n 3
.
. u 17 = u 3 + 14r = 97
y
1
u0
-2
-1
-3
u1
-1
-6
-4
-5
u2
u4 u3
-2
-3
-4
-5
u0 = 1
1
u
=
u
n
n +1
2
.
-6
y
1
u0
-1
u1 u3 u2
-1
y
6
5
4
u1 = 1
.

u n +1 = u n + 2
1
.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7x
u
u
u
-1
3
v n +1 v n = r 2
5
.w n +1 w n = u 3n +3 u 3 n = u 3n + 3r u 3n = 3r
3
2
3 ( 90 2r ) + ( 90 r ) + 90 = 180
. u n = u1 + 3 ( n 1) = 3n 5 (1 6
20
u 1 + u 2 + ... + u 20 = (u 1 + u 20 ) (2
2
u 20 = 55 . u 1 + u 2 + ... + u 20 = 530
1
3
5
. S = + 1 + + 2 + + ... + 10 7
2
2
2
1
S
2
1
1 1
= a1 an = a1 + ( n 1) = n
2
2 2
20 1
an = 10 n = 20 S = + 10
2 2
. S = 105
n +1
5
5 5
5
5
5
= n +1
= n +1 = u n
8
n +2
7
7 7 7
7
7
n
= . u n +1
u
18
18
q 3 = 10 = 9
11
u 7 11
27 1820
= u 30
1123
. u n = 2 3n 1 (1 10
= q u 30 = u10 q 20
37 1
) . u 1 + u 2 + ... + u 7 = ( 2
= 2186 (2
3 1
.v n +1 = u 2 n + 2 = u 2 n 32 = 9v n (3
3r = 90 r = 30 60 30 . 90
) (v n 9 v 1 = u 2 = 6
(1 4 .
1
v +1
1
= u n +1
= n
= 1+
(2 = 1 + u n
v n +1
vn
vn
9n 1
3
)= ( 9n 1
9 1
4
2
2
u 3 = 9 u 1 (1 11 u 1 q = 9u 1 q = 9
) (u n . 1
u7 u3
u 7 = u 3 + 4r
4
) .v 1 + v 2 + ... + v n = ( 6
u 1 > 0 q = 3 q = 3
= r r = 6
. q = 3
. u n = u 0 q n = 2 3n (2
q n +1 1 n +1
= 3 1 (3
q 1
9
9
3
u k +1 u k +1
4
4
2
3
u k +1 > 1 . u k + 2
2
p ( n ) 16 " " u n = 3
. sn = u0
2 E"DE
" .
p ( 0 ) 12

)k ( k + 1
)2 ( k + 1
)0 ( 0 + 1
2
2
) ( k + 1)( k + 2
2
) p ( 0 . u 0 = 3
= .0
= 1 + 2 + ... + k
2
)k ( k + 1
= )1 + 2 + ... + k + ( k + 1
= ). 1 + 2 + ... + k + ( k + 1
)0 ( 0 + 1)( 2 0 + 1
p ( 0 ) 13
6
)k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1
= 12 + 22 + ... + k 2

6
2
= )12 + 22 + ... + k 2 + ( k + 1
= . 02
)k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1) + 6 ( k + 1
6
) ( k + 1) ( 2k 2 + 7k + 6
=
6
)( k + 1)( k + 2 )( 2k + 3
=
6
2
p ( 0 ) 14
2
)02 ( 0 + 1
)k 2 ( k + 1
4
u n +1 u n = u n (u n 1) (2 0 0 u n 1 < 0 . u n +1 u n < 0
p ( 0 ) 18 20 1 . 7
23k 1 = 7 . 23k = 7 + 1
23( k +1) 1 = 8 23k 1 = 8 ( 7 + 1) 1
). 23( k +1) 1 = 7 ( 8 + 1
p ( 0 ) 19 30 1 . 8
( .3
)2 k +1
p ( n ) 20 " 3 2n 2n " 7
) p ( 0 30 20 . 7
32 n 2n = 7 . 32 n 2 n = 7 + 2n
3
)k 2 ( k + 1) + 4 ( k + 1
4
2
) ( k + 1) ( k 2 + 4k + 4
=
4
15( ) p (1 u 1 > 1 . 2 > 1
2
. u k +1 > 1
3
3
( ) p ' (1 u 2
2
2
0 1 u k > 1
p ( 0 ) (1 17 0 < u 0 < 1
32( k +1) 1 = 9 32 k 1 = 9 ( 8 + 1) 1
= )13 + 23 + ... + k 3 + ( k + 1
3
u k = 3 . u k +1 = 6 + u k = 9 = 3
32 k 1 = 8 . 32 k = 8 + 1
= .0
u k +1
. 2
32( n +1) 2n +1 = 9 32 n 2 2n
) 2n +1 = 9 ( 7 + 2n ) 2 2n = 7 ( 9 + 2n
(3
)2 n +1
) p ( n " 32 n +1 + 2n + 2
." 7
p ( 0 ) 21 03 2 0 . 3
n 3 + 2n = 3
( n + 1) + 2 ( n + 1) = n 3 + 3n 2 + 3n + 2n + 3
3
. ( n + 1) + 2 ( n + 1) = 3 + 3n 2 + 3n + 3
3
(1 22 10n + 1 = 9 10 n = 9 1
10 n +1 = 90 10 . 10n +1 = 9 (10 1) 1
(2 100 + 1 = 2 n = 0 2 . 9
1
1
1
n
u n . u n = cos
(3
n
n
n
17
1
1
. lim u n = 0 lim = lim = 0
n +
n + n
n + n
. A (1;1) O ( 0;0 ) C ( 1 31
. %-$ %
""+ . 3
.( u n ) [ 0; +[ f (2
.( u n ) lim u n = lim f ( x ) = +
n +
x +
} : v 0 = 0,8
(3
y
1
3
mR (v n )

0 a 3
} : v 0 = 1,1

0
u3 u2 u1 u0
3 X (v n )

1 x
lim v n = +
n +
3 X (v n )
} : v 0 = 1,1

0<
1
n n
n 3 > 1012
. n > 10 4
3
2n > 3 105 u n < 105 u n = n 25
2
3 105
. 432809 n >
ln 2
3n > 1012 u n > 1012 u n = 3n 26
. 910239226627 n >
. lim
n +
lim v n = +
103
n n > 106 u n > 106 24
. n > 10 2 n 3 > 106 n n >
n +
y
< 10 3 103 < u n < 103 23
5n 2 5
3n + 2 3
= (2 . lim
= (1 27
n
+
4n 3 4
2n 1 2
2
. lim 2n
= + (3
n +
n +1
n
n +2
. lim 4 + 2
= + (4
n + 3
n +1
7 n 2 3n + 2
. lim
= 7 (1 28
n + n 2 n + 1
. lim
-1
u0
u1u2
u3
uu01u2
u3
.
T (v n ) @v 0 = 1
. lim
n +
10
= 5 107 = 4, 9999999 32
8
10
{ 4,99999 0 6 u 104 > 4,99999 U
u 104 = 5
. lim
n +
. (u n )
( j(^' m
10
< 0 , n 6 '_ 61Z ) ) 4
n2
' m 6 5 u n < 5 U
.
( j(^
n
1 sin
1 n 33
7
. 1 1 ( u n )
( n + 2)
= 1 (2
n 2 + 2n
3n + 12
. lim
= + (4 . lim
= 0 (3
n + 4 n + 3
n + n 2 + 1
. 2
""
2
4
n 2 + 4n + 2
n +
v 0 = 0 *f (1) = 1 f ( 0 ) = 0 (4
1012
ln 3
3n + 2
3
=
(1 29
2n + 1
2
n2 + 2
= lim n = + (2
n + 3 n +
. lim
n +
n +2
= 0 (3
2n + 1
n n +n
n
= lim
n + 1 = + (4
n +
n + n + 1
n +1
3
3 n + 2
. lim sin
= 1 (1 30
= sin
n +
2
2n +
. lim
3 n + 2
. lim cos
= cos ( 3 ) = 1 (2
n +
n + 2
1
2 n
2
n
) (u n 1 . 2
1 < 1 +
1
< 2 n
n +2
) (u n 1 . 2
1 < 1 +
1
1 n
1+ n 2
) (u n 0 . 1
< 0
34
n 2 +1
1
+ 1) x 2 + 1
= un
(x
x
x +1
2
n +
n +
u n = n 2 + n 1 f ( x ) = x + x 1
2
f ' ( x ) = 2x + 1
+
1
0
x
) f '(x
) f (x
. 0 u n < 1 n
x
) f '(x
) f (x
1
) (u n u 0 = 1.
1
36 + n 2
n +1
u n > n 2 0 ) (u n
= u n n
= ) f (x
= ) . f '(x
u n = n + cos n f ( x ) = x + cos x
1
x
) f '(x
) f (x
1
0
. 0 u n < 1 n
3
3
= ) f (x
= un

3x + 2
3n + 2
9
= ) f '(x
2 ( 3x + 2 ) 3x + 2
u 0 = 2
u n = n 3 2 ) (u n
lim u n = + .
= ) f (x
4x
x 2 +1
2
2 ( x 2 + 1) x 1
u 0 = 1
lim u n = + .
= ) f '(x
x 2 1
n 2 1
u
=
n
x 2 +1
n 2 +1
3 2
u n < 0 n
2
35 u n = 2 n ) (u n
+
0
3 2
2
x
) f '(x
) f (x
f ' ( x ) = 1 sin x . 1 sin x 0

x 1 x + cos x . lim f ( x ) = +
x +
0
+
x
) f '(x
) f (x
+
1
) (u n u 0 = 1.
u n = ( 1) n 2 n
n
u n = n 2 ) (u n
n u n = n 2 ) (u n
.
6
= 0 .( v n )
n + n + 1
. ( v n ) ( u n )
n +
( 1) ( 2n + 1) u
=
( 1)
= 3+
n +1
u n +1 u n
n
n +1
n
( v n ) ( u n ) ( u n )
.
1
1
1
un =
+
+ ... +
41
n +1 n + 2
2n
1
1
1
u n +1 u n =
+
2 n + 1 2n + 2 n + 1
1
.( u n ) u n +1 u n =
2 ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
3n 2
1
v n +1 v n =
v n = un +
2n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
n
1
. lim (v n u n ) = lim = 0 .( v n )
n +
n + n
1
1
1
un =
+
+ ... +
42
n +1 n + 2
2n
1
.( u n ) u n +1 u n =
2 ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
1
1
1
vn = +
+ ... +
n n +1
2n 1
1
.( v n ) v n +1 v n =
2n ( 2n + 1)
1
. lim (u n v n ) = lim = 0
n +
n + n
1 1
1
u n = 1 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2 43
2 3
n
1
.( u n ) u n +1 u n =
2
( n + 1)
(v n )
v n +1 v n =
1
n ( n + 1)
. lim (u n v n ) = lim
n +
un = 1+
u n +1 u n =
n +
v n = un +
1
n
1
= 0 .
n
1
1
+ ... +
2 n + 1 44
2
n
1
n + 1 2n + 3 + 2
( n + 2 )( n + 1) )
. f ' ( x ) = 2x 5 f ( x ) = x 2 5x + 6 (1 37
5
x
+
2
0
+
f '(x )
f (x )
+
1
4
[ 4; +[ f ( 2
. x 2 5x + 6 2 f ( x ) f ( 4 ) x 4
4 n
1
1
. 2
n 2 5n + 6 2
n 5n + 6 2
. ,"2
""
" 2
5
1
1
un =
38
n +1
2n + 4
1
u n +1 u n =
: n
2 ( n + 2 )( n + 3)
v n =
( u n ) v n +1 v n =
( n + 1)( n + 2 )
3n 5
( v n )
2 n 2 + 6n + 4
.( v n ) ( u n ) lim (u n v n ) = 0
u n v n =
n +
lim u n = lim v n = 0
n +
n +
1
n 1
1
un =
= 1 39
2
n
n
n
1
.( u n ) u n +1 u n =
n ( n + 1)
v n = 1+
.( v n ) v n +1 v n =
( 2n + 1)
n 2 ( n + 1)
1 1
. lim (u n v n ) = lim 2 = 0
n +
n +
n n
. lim u n = lim v n = 1
n +
n +
2n 3
u n +1 u n =
un =
40
n +1
( n + 1)( n + 2 )
.( u n )
v n +1 v n =
1
2n + 3
vn =
n +1
( n + 2 )( n + 1)
) (u n.
1
1
+ ... +
2 n
2
n
v n = 1+
2 n 2 2 n 1
)n + 1 2 n ( n + 1) + ( 2n + 1
) (v n.
2
=0
n + n +1
= v n +1 v n
n +
n +

1 r

""2
!. %-
n . 2008
ln n 45
n
1 ln x
ln x
= ) f '(x
= ) f (x
2
x
x
= u n n
(d 3) n d + 2u1 7 = 0 d = 3 . u 1 = 5
f ' ( x ) 0 x e f
[ [e ; + ) (u n . 3
5n
46
!n
5
=
n +1
u : n u
5
u
u
n +1 n +1 < 1 < 1
n +1
un
un
n > 4
u 5
.
u n +1
u
n +1
!n
= n +1 > 1
u : n n 47
un
un
7
7
n > 6 u 7
.
1 1
1
48
+ + ... +
!1! 2
!n
1
= u n +1 u n . u n +1 u n > 0
! )( n + 1
un = 1+
1
2
)( n !) n ( n + 1
2 S n = n ( 3 n + 7 ) (2 ) n (u 1 + u n ) = n ( 3n + 7
= v n +1 v n .v n +1 v n < 0
v + v + v = 24
1 2 3
(1 49
v 4 + v 5 + v 6 + v 7 = 74
v + r = 8
v = 5
. 1
1
r =3
2v 1 + 9r = 37
v n = 3n + 2 v n > 6023 n > 2007
(u n ) 50 5 . u 0 = 4
. u n = 5n 4 ( 1
S = u 26 + u 27 + ... + u125 = 50 (u 26 + u125 ) (2
S = 50 ( 5 26 4 5 125 4 ) = 38150
v n = 2 u n 9 4 u n +1 2 u n = 9 u 0 = 2 51
u 2 = 3,875 u 1 = 3, 25 . u 3 = 4,1875
v 2 = 1, 25 v 1 = 2, 5 v 0 = 5 .v 3 = 0, 625
9 1
= vn
2 2
v n +1 = 2 u n +1 9 = u n
n +1
9
1
4 v n = 5
2
2
1
. u n = 5
2
1 n +1
v 0 + v 1 + ... + v n = 10 1
2
1 n +1 9
). u 0 + u 1 + ... + u n = 5 1 ( n + 1
2
2
.v n = u n + 1 u n +1 = 4 u n + 3 u 0 = 14 52
v n +1 = u n +1 + 1 = 4 (u n + 1) = 4v n (1
) (v n
4 .v 0 = u 0 + 1 = 15
v n = 15 4n (2 . u n = 15 4n 1
5 1
5 1
= u n + = v n (2
3 2
12 4
1 5
2
1
. u n = n v n = n .
4
6
4
4
S n = u 0 2 + u 12 + ... + u n 2 (3
(v n ) v n +1 = 2 u n +1 +
u n 2 = 225 42 n 30 4n + 1
S n = 225 ( 40 + 42 + ... + 4 2 n )
30 ( 40 + 41 + ... + 4n ) + n + 1
: t n s n n ( 3
n +1
1
1
2
8
s n = v 0 + v 1 + ... + v n = 2 4
=
+
n
1
3 4
3
1
4
1
5
1
1
5
.t n =
n + u n = v n
n
3 4
6
2
2
6
u = 2 , u1 = 4
. 0
58
u n +1 = 4u n u n 1 : n 1 )) 4
a + b = 4
b a
(1
ab = 1
( a ; b ) = 2 3 ; 2 + 3 x 4x + 1 = 0
2
. (a ;b ) = 2 + 3 ; 2 3
61Z n @ v n = u n +1 au n (2

v n +1 = u n + 2 au n +1 = 4u n +1 u n au n +1
v n +1 = ( 4 a ) u n +1 u n = bu n +1 abu n
. b 77
7 (
v n ) v n +1 = bv n
61Z n @ w n = u n +1 bu n (3
w n +1 = u n + 2 bu n +1 = 4u n +1 u n bu n +1
w n +1 = ( 4 b ) u n +1 u n = au n +1 abu n
. a 77
7 (
w n ) w n +1 = aw n
v 0 = u 1 au 0 = 4 2a = b a (4
w 0 = u 1 bu 0 = 4 2b = a b
w n = w 0a n = ( a b ) a n v n = v 0b n = (b a ) b n
w n = u n +1 bu n v n = u n +1 au n :
U w n v n = bu n + au n = ( a b ) u n
.u n =
n
n
w n v n
= an + b n = 2 + 3 + 2 3
a b
. c b a 59
) (
( a + b + c )( a b + c ) = a 2 + 2ca b 2 + c 2
(1
U 2b 2 = 2ac v b 2 = ac
( a + b + c )( a b + c ) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2
. S n = 15 4
2( n +1)
10 4n +1 + n 4
2
3 ( u n ) 53
9
38 1 2 3 38 1
S = u 3 + u 4 + ... + u 10 = u 3
= 3
2
9
2
u0 =
. S = 19680
S = 0, 02 0,1 + 0, 5 2, 5 + ... + 312,5 54
5
u n = 0, 02 ( 5 )
. n = 7 ( 5 )
n 1
.S
n 1
u 1 = 0, 02
= 15625 u n = 312, 5
( 5 )
= 0, 02
= 52,08
s n = u 0 + u 1 + ... + u n . u n = 2 3n + 3 4n 55
3n +1 1
4 n +1 1 n +1 n +1
. sn = 2
+3
=3 +4 2
2
3
v n = u n + 3 u n +1 = 2 u n + 3 u 1 = 1 56
( v n ) v n +1 = u n +1 + 3 = 2u n + 6 = 2v n (1
. 2
. u n = 2 n +1 3 v n = 4 2n 1 = 2 n +1
. sn =v1
2n 1
= 2 n + 2 4 (2
2 1
u 1 + u 2 + ... + u n + 3n = v 1 + v 2 + ... + v n
. u 1 + u 2 + ... + u n + 3n = 2n + 2 4 = 4 ( 2n 4 )
5
1
5
1
.v n = 2 u n + u n +1 = u n u 0 =
57
3
4
8
6
157
37
7
v 0 = 2 . u 3 =
u 2 = u1 =
(1
192
48
12
1
1
. v 2 = v1 =
8
2
v 1 q n 1 4n
+
13 q 1 13
n
4n
10
4 3
s n = a 1 +
13 13 10
13
15
. 3 + 5 =
1 = 3 63
16
1
. q = (1
2
sn =
q n 1
1
= 6 + 6 (2
q 1
2
6 '_ 61Z n @
1
n +1 n = ln ( n +1 ) ln ( n ) = ln = ln 2
2
ln 2 77
/
( n )
n
s n = 1
n
n
( 1 + n ) = ( 21 ( n 1) ln 2 )
2
2
n
n
9
t n = ( 2 ln 3 ln 2n 1 ) = ln n 1
2
2 2
n 6 '_ 61Z ) ) 4 64
U 9A n = 99...9
A n = 11...1
tn =
#Rn
#Rn
n
9A n + 1 = 100...0
= 10
#Rn
7 u n = 10 j(
'6( u n )

n
1 n
1
10 1) = (u n 1) : . 10 77
(
9
9
1
1
1
s n = (u 1 1) + (u 2 1) + ... + (u n 1) U
9
9
9
10
1
. s n = (10n 1) n
81
9
1
A n = (u n 1) u n = 10n 65
3
1
s n = (u1 + u 2 + ... + u n ) n U(
3
1 10n 1 10
1
s n = u1
n =
10n 1 n
3
9
3
27
An =
u n +1 = 5u n 7 n u 0 = 5 66
7
7
. v n = un n
4
16
a + b + c = 78
6 2
(2
2
2
a + b + c = 3276
a + b + c = 78

( a + b + c )( a b + c ) = 3276
a + b + c = 78
. b = 18 2b = 78 42 = 36
a b + c = 42
a + c = 60

6 : c a
2
ac = 18 = 324
. x 2 60x + 324 = 0 :
x !
. ( a ; b ; c ) = ( 54;18;6 ) ( a ; b ; c ) = ( 6;18;54 )
. c b a 60
. b = 7 b 3 = 343
a + c = 29, 75
x 2 29, 75x + 49 = 0 .
ac = 49
7
7
. ( a; b ; c ) = ; 7; 28 ( a; b ; c ) = 28; 7;
4
4
3a + c = 4b c = q 2a b = qa 61
q 2 4q + 3 = 0 a 0 3a + q 2a = 4qa
. q = 3 q = 1
6 v n +1 = 13u n +1 4 n @ (1 62
12 39 v + 4
4 3
v n +1 = 13 u n 4 = n
10 10
13
10 10
12 3
12
3
v n +1 = v n + = v n :
10 10
13
10
3
. q =
77
7 (
v n )
10
n 1
3
v n = (13a 4 ) U v n = v 1 q n 1 (2
10
n 1
v +4 1
3
un = n
= (13a 4 ) + 4
13
13
10
(13a 4 ) 3 n 1 + 4
. un =
13 10
13
6 s n = u 1 + u 2 + ... + u n (3
1
6 s n = (v 1 + 4 + v 2 + 4 + ... + v n + 4 )
13
1
s n = (v 1 + v 2 + ... + v n + 4n )
13

a =
R:6 = 1 = 2 , = 3
^ = 3 77
7 ( v n )
3 1
3 1
= + U v 0 = 1
3 1
2 2
U u n = v n 1 6 v n = u n + 1
. sn =v 0
t n = (v 0 1) + (v 1 1) + ... + (v n 1) = s n ( n + 1)
. tn =
3n
1
n
2
2
.
"E"DE 2
. s 4 = 30 s 3 = 14 s 2 = 5 s1 = 1 ( 1 68
. s n +1 = s n + ( n + 1)
2
s1 =
1(1 + 1)( 2 1 + 1)
6
s k =
s k +1 =
n
un
vn
v n +1
/ A ( )ma CD ( 1
vn
0
5
4.5625
5
5
14267
14257,81
5
1
2
3
4
25
118
576
2859
22.81 114.06 570.31 2851.56
5
5
5
5
6
71300
71289,1
5
k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1)
7
7
( n + 1) 61Z n @ (2
4
16
. 5 7^
7 ( v n )
v n +1 = 5v n
73 n
5 U v n = v 0 5n
16
73
7
7
. u n = 5n + n +
16
4
16
s n = u 0 + u 1 + ... + u n (3
7
7
un =v n + n +
4
16
vn =
6
( k + 1)( k + 2 )( 2k + 3)
6
t 2 = t 1 + 2 3 = 8 t 1 = 1 2 = 2 (1 69
. t 4 = t 3 + 4 5 = 40 t 3 = t 2 + 3 4 = 20
. t n +1 = t n + ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
1
. t 1 = 1(1 + 1)(1 + 2 ) p (1) (2
3
1
t k = k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )
3
1
t k +1 = k ( k + 1)( k + 2 ) + ( k + 1)( k + 2 )
3
1
t k +1 = k + 1 ( k + 1)( k + 2 )
3
1
. t k +1 = ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
3
1
. s 2 = 1 + 2 1 22 . p ( 2 ) s 2 = 1 70
2
8
1782241
1782226,56
5
v n +1 = u n +1
+ ( k + 1)
7
356458
356445,313
5
. 5 7^
7 ( v n )
1
p (1) (2
6
k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1)
. s k +1 =
7
7 7
7
7
s n = v 0 + + v 1 + + + ... + v n + n +
16
4
16
4
16
7
7
s n = (v 0 + v 1 + ... + v n ) + (1 + 2 + ... + n ) + ( n + 1)
4
16
5n +1 1 7 n ( n + 1) 7
+
+ ( n + 1)
4
8
16
73
7
. s n = ( 5n +1 1) + ( 2n 2 + 3n + 1)
64
16
u n +1 = u n + u 0 = 2 67
sn =v 0
. 1
U u n = u 0 = 2 n 61Z ) ) 4( 1
: 2 = 2 + l1m3 u n +1 = u n +
R:6
. = 2 2
. v n +1 = u n +1 + 61Z n @ ( 2
v n +1 = u n + + = (v n ) + +
v n +1 = v n + + = v n ( 1) +
@Y!
7 ( v n )
@ 3 @
. =
: ( 1) + = 0
s k = 1 + k 1 2k
2
s k +1 = 1 + k 1 2 k + k 2k 1
2
k + 1 k +1
. s k +1 = 1 +
1 2
2
1
( n 1) 2n n 2n 1 + 1 = n 2n 2n n 2n + 1
2
1
1
= 2 n + n 2 n + 1 = 1 + n 1 2 n = s n
2
2
)1(1 + 1)(1 + 2 )(1 + 3

= . 1 2 3
p (1) 71
4
) n = 1 2 3 + 2 3 4 + ... + n ( n + 1)( n + 2
)k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3
4
) k +1 = k + ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3
+
)4 ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3
4
k
+
1
k
+
2
k
+
3
(
()
()
) )( k + 4
4
p (1) 72 . 1 = (1 + 1) ! 1
2k k 2 2k > 2k + 1
2k k 2 2k > 2k + 1
2k + 2 k > k 2 + 2k + 1
2
) 2 2 k > ( k + 1 )2 k +1 > ( k + 1
2
). 2 k +1 ( k + 1
2
P ( 2 ) 75 . 52 4 2 + 32
5k 4k + 3k 5k +1 5 4 k + 5 3k
5 4k 4 4k 5 3k 3 3k
5 4k + 5 3k 4k +1 + 3k +1 . 5k +1 4k +1 + 3k +1
76 ) ( Bernoulli
p (1) (1 . 1 + a 1 + a
= k
)k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3
k 2 > 2k + 1
(1 + a ) 1 + k a
k
= k +1
1 + ( k + 1) a + ka 2 1 + ( k + 1) a
k +1
) . (1 + a
(2 q > 1 q = 1 + a a > 0
q n 1 + an n
lim 1 + an = + a > 0 lim q n = +
= k +1
n +
n +
p ( 2 ) (1 77 . 12 9 )3k 2 ( k + 1
2
3k 2 + 6k + 3 ( k + 1) + 6k + 3
2
)! n = 1 + 2 2! + 3 3! + ... + n ( n
. k = ( k + 1) ! 1
3 ( k + 1) k 2 + 8k + 4 8k 4k
2
3 ( k + 1) k 2 + 4k + 4 ) . 3 ( k + 1) ( k + 2
2
k +1 = k + ( k + 1) ( k + 1) !
(2 Pn . " 3n 2n + 5n 2 " :
k +1 = ( k + 1) ! 1 + ( k + 1) ( k + 1) !
P1 3 7 P2 9 24 P3
k +1 = ( k + 1)! ( k + 2 ) 1 = ( k + 2 )! 1
27 53 P4 81 96 P5 243 157
p (1) 73 . 1! 211
k + 1 2 k
P5 .
k ! 2k 1 + 1) 2k 1 2
3k 2 k + 5k 2 k 5
( k !)( k
)3k +1 3 2 k + 5 3k 2 2 2k + 5 ( k + 1
. ( k + 1) ! 2k
3 2 (1 ). 3k 2 ( k + 1
P ( 4 ) 74 . 24 42
78 Pn n " ) ." 3n ( n + 2
k k 4 . 2k k 2
P0 (1 P1 1 4 P2 3 9 9 16
k 4 k 2 4k k 4
P3 27 25 .
2k 8 2k > 1 2k + 2k > 1 + 2k
s k = k 2 . s 1 = 12 p (1) (2
. s k +1 = s k + ( 2k + 1) = k 2 + 2k + 1 = ( k + 1)
n s n (3
n
. s n = (1 + 2n 1) = n 2 1 2
2
. u n +1 = n + u n u 0 = 1 84
. u 5 = 11 u 4 = 7 u 3 = 4 u 2 = 2 u 1 = 1 (1
. un =
.u 0 =
n ( n 1)
0 ( 0 1)
2
uk =
. u k +1 = k +
k ( k 1)
2
3k +1 3k 2 + 12k + 12 3k +1 3 ( k + 2 )
k ( k 1)
2
+1 =
+ 1
k ( k + 1)
2
+1
k +2
k +1
. v n +1 = v n + u n v 0 = 1
2 u n (1
. u n = 2n + 1
v k = 1 + k 2 .v 0 = 1 + 02 p ( 0 ) (2
.v k +1 = v k + u k = 1 + k 2 + 2k + 1 = 1 + ( k + 1)
. u n +1 = u n + 2n + 3 u 0 = 1 87
n u n +1 u n = 2n + 3 (1
.( u n ) u n +1 u n > 0
u k > k 2 u 0 > 0 p ( 0 ) (2
. 3k +1 ( k + 3) 3k +1 k 2 + 6k + 9
2
. u n +1 =
u 3 =
un
un 2 +1
u 0 = 1 79
1
1
3
2
= , u2 =
u1 =
(1
3
2
4 2
n +1
n +1
. u 0 = 1 p ( 0 ) (2
.u n =
+ 1 p ( 0 ) (2
2 1
1
/ k +1 = k + 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
. u n +1 = u n + 2 u 0 = 1 86
1
+ 1
un
. u n +1 =
u 0 = 1 85
un + 2
1
1
1
1
1
. u5 =
u 4 = u 3 = u 2 = u 1 = (1
63
31
15
7
3
1
. u n = n +1
2 1
1
1
u k = k +1 . u 0 =
p ( 0 ) (2
2 1
2 1
uk
1
1
u k +1 =
= k +1 / k +1 + 2
u k + 2 2 1 2 1
. u k +1 =
k 3 3k ( k + 2 ) ( 2
. u k +1 =
uk
uk 2 +1
1
1
uk =
k +2
k +1
. u n +1 = 10u n 18 u 0 = 7 80
u 4 50002 u 3 = 5002 u 2 = 502 u 1 = 52 (1
( n 1) u n . u 5 = 500002
. u n = 5 10n + 2 (2
. u 0 = 5 100 + 2 = 7 p ( 0 )
u k +1 = 10 u k 18 u k = 5 10 k + 2
. u k +1 = 10 ( 5 10n + 2 ) 18 = 5 10n +1 + 2
. u n +1 = 2u n 3 u 0 = 2 81
u 4 = 13 u 3 = 5 u 2 = 1 u 1 = 1 (1
. 3 u n = 2 n . u 5 = 29
3 u k = 2k . 3 u 0 = 20 p ( 0 ) (2
. 3 u k +1 = 6 2u k = 6 2 ( 3 2 k ) = 2k +1
. u n +1 = 4 u n u 0 = 3 82
. u 5 = 1 u 4 = 3 u 3 = 1 u 2 = 3 u 1 = 1 (1
. u 2 n = 3 u 2 n +1 = 1
. u 1 = 1 u 0 = 3 p ( 0 ) (2
. u 2 k +1 = 1 u 2 k = 3
. u 2( k +1) +1 = 4 u 2( k +1) = 1 u 2( k +1) = 4 u 2 k +1 = 3
. s n = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + ( 2n 1) 83
. s n = n 2 . s 4 = 16 s 3 = 9 s 2 = 4 s 1 = 1 (1
u k +1 = u k + 2k + 3 u k +1 > k 2 + 2k + 3
. u k +1 > k 2 + 2k + 1
u k +1 > u k 12 + u k +1 > 12 + u k
12 + u k +1 > 12 + u k
u 0 ]0 ;1[ 88 . u n +1 = u n 2 + 2u n
. u k + 2 > u k +1
) p ( 0 . 0 < u 0 < 1 . 0 < u k < 1
u 0 = 2 91 . u n +1 = 0, 6 u n 1, 2
f : x x 2 + 2x f ' ( x ) = 2x + 2
' f [ ]0;1 f
[ ]0;1 ) f ( 0 ) < f (u k ) < f (1
(1 P ( n ) n . u n +1 < u n
) P ( 0 u 1 < u 0
u 0 = 2 u 1 = 0 u 1 < u 0 ) P ( 0 .
. 0 < u k +1 < 1
k u k +1 < u k
. u n +1 = 2 + u n u 0 = 1 89
0, 6 u k +1 < 0, 6 u k 0, 6 u k +1 1, 2 < 0, 6 u k 1, 2
* ) p ( 0 . 0 u 0 2 f
. u k + 2 3
) P ' ( 0 u 0 > 3 . u 0 = 2
k u k > 3
0 u k 2 ) f ( 0 ) f (u k ) f ( 2
0, 6 u k > 1,8 0, 6 u k 1, 2 > 1,8 1, 2
* ) p ( n . u n +1 > u n
. u k +1 > 3
u +1
. u n +1 = n
u 0 = 1 92
un + 3
2 u k +1 2
0 u k +1 2
) p ( 0 u 1 > u 0 . 3 > 1 u k +1 > u k

u k +1 + 2 > u k + 2 u n 0 u k + 2 > u k +1
. u n +1 = 12 + u n u 0 = 0 90
(2 . 0 u n < 4 , n
(3 ) . (u n
, u 2 = 12 + 12 3.93 u1 = 12 3.464 (1
u 3 = 12 + 12 + 12 3,991
[. [ 0; 4
(2 ) P ( 0 0 u 0 < 4
k 0 u k < 4
12 12 + u k < 16 12 12 + u k < 4
0 12 + u k < 4 . 0 u k +1 < 4
(3 u 0 u n n
) P ( 0 u 1 > u 0 u 0 = 0
. u1 = 12 k
p ( 0 ) (1 0 u 0 1 .
u +1
u k +1 = k . u k +1 0
0 u k 1
uk + 3
2
= u k +1 1 u k +1 1 0 . 0 u k +1 1
uk + 3
p ' ( n ) (2 . u n +1 0
f :x
x +3
)( x + 3
f ] [ 0;1
u k +1 0 2 cos > 0

. 0; u k > 0 2 + u k > 2
2
2 + u k > 2 u k +1 > 2 . u k +1 > 0
p ' ( n ) (2
) p ' ( 0 = 2 cos
2n
20
u n = 2 cos
. u 0 = 2 cos
u k +1 = 2 1 + cos k u k = 2 cos k
2
2
2k +1
= 2 cos
2 2
k
u k +1 = 4 cos 2
1
2
u 0 = 5 94 . u n +1 = u n +
2
un
Mode
2nd
=Y
GRAPH
(2 ) (u n .
1
2
f : x x +
2
x
2
1x 2
f '(x ) =
[ x ]0; +
2 x 2
x 2 ; + f ' ( x ) 0
f . 2 ; +
1
2
2 un2
= u n +1 u n = u n + u n
2
un
2u n
P ( n ) n " ." u n > 2
) P ( 0 u 0 > 2 . u 0 = 5
k u k > 2
2
= )( 2
f f (u k ) = u k +1
u k > 2 f 2 ; +
) ( 2
f (u k ) > f . u k +1 > 2
2 un 2
2 u n 2 < 0 u n > 0 < 0
2u n
u n +1 u n < 0 ) (u n .
95 . u n = n 2n 1 : n
) p (1 . u1 = 1 + (1 1) 2
1
u1 + u 2 + ... + u k = 1 + ( k 1) 2k
u1 + u 2 + ... + u k + u k +1 = 1 + ( k 1) 2k + ( k + 1) 2k
k +1
. u1 + u 2 + ... + u k + u k +1 = 1 + k 2
1
= . un
96 : n
)n ( n + 1
1
1
(1 = u 1 ) p (1
1+1
2
k
= u 1 + u 2 + ... + u k
k +1
k
1
= u1 + u 2 + ... + u k + u k +1
+
) k + 1 ( k + 1)( k + 2
= . u1
k 2 + 2k + 1
k +1
= . u 1 + u 2 + ... + u k +1
=
( k + 1)( k + 2 ) k + 2
(2 S
1
1
1
.
+
+ ... +
1427 1428 1428 1429
2007 2008
1
1
1
= T
+
+ ... +
1 2 2 3
2007 2008
1
1
1
=t
+
+ ... +
1 2 2 3
1426 1427
2007 1426
581
= S =T t
2008 1427 2865416

97 = p 0 + q 0 3
)(2 + 3
p 0 = 1 . q 0 = 0
k p k
q k = p k + q k 3
. 2+ 3
2 3
1 4+3 2 3
42 3 =
=
2
2
2
k
+
1
k
+
1
1

. u k +1 = 2 + 3
+ 2 3
2
. u n +1 = u n + 1 u 0 = 2 100
. u 0 > 1
u k + 1 > 0 u k + 1 > 0 u k > 1
. u k +1 > 1 u k +1 > 0
. u 1 < u 0 u1 = 3 u 0 = 2
0 < u k +1 + 1 < u k + 1 u k +1 < u k
. u k + 2 < u k +1 u k +1 + 1 < u k + 1
1+ 5
1+ 5
4
u 0
2
2
3+ 5
1+ 5
u k + 1
u k
2
2
.2
. u k +1
1+ 5
uk +1
3+ 5
2
1+ 5
3+ 5
6+2 5
1+ 5
=
=
=
2
4
2
2
u +1
u +4
. vn = n
u n +1 = n
u 0 = 1 101
un 4
un 2
u k 4 . u 0 4 u 0 = 1 (1
u +4
u k = 4 k
= 4 u k +1 = 4
uk 2
. u n 4 n u k +1 4
u + 1 2u n + 2
u 2
v n +1 = n +1
=
n
u n +1 4 u n 2 3u n + 12
2 u +1
2
. v n +1 = n
= vn
3 un 4
3
n
n +1
2 2
. v n = v 0 = (2
3 3
u +1
u n (v n 1) = 4v n + 1 v n = n
un 4
v n 1 n
(
3)
2 + 3
(2 +
k +1
k +1
= 2+ 3
)( p
+ qk 3
= ( 2 p k + 3q k ) + ( p k + 2q k
q k +1 = p k + 2q k p k +1 = 2 p k + 3q k
. 2+ 3
k +1
= p k +1 + q k +1 3
. u n + 2 = 2u n +1 u n u 2 = 3 u 1 = 1 (1 98
. u n = 2n 1 . u 5 = 9 u 4 = 7 , u 3 = 5
. u 1 = 2 1 1 = 1
u k = 2k 1
u k +1 = 2u k u k 1 = 4k 2 2k + 3 = 2k + 1
2
. v n + 2 = 5 v n +1 6 v n v 1 = 1 v 0 = (2
5
0
0
2 +3
2
.v 0 =
=
5
5
2k + 3k
v k +1 = 5 v k 6 v k 1 v k =
5
6
v k +1 = 2 k + 3k ( 2k 1 + 3k 1 )
5
3
2
1
1
.v k +1 = 2 k + 3k 2k 3k = 2 k +1 + 3k +1
5
5
5
5
. u n +1 + u n 1 = 4 u n u 1 = 2 u 0 = 1 99
0
0
1
. u 0 = 2 + 3 + 2 3
2
k
k
1
u k = 2 + 3 + 2 3
2
u k +1 = 4 u k u k 1
) (
)
(
) (
u k +1 = 2 2 + 3
) + ( 2 3 )
(2 + 3) + (2 3)
k 1
k 1
u k +1 = 2 + 3
k 1
4+ 2 3 +
2
(2 3)
k 1
42 3
2
2+ 3
1 4+3+ 2 3
4+2 3 =
=
2
2
2
: a 4 k = 5a + 7 b = 1
. k + 1 = 5a 20 + 28 = 5 ( a 4 ) + 7 4
k + 1 = 5a + 7b + 15 14 b 2
. k + 1 = 5 ( a + 3) + 7 (b 2 )
1
n +1
. u n +1 =
u n u 1 = (1 105
2
2n
5
4 1
3
1
. u5 =
u4 =
= u3 = u2 =
32
16 4
8
2
k
1
u k = k . u 1 = 1
2
2
k
+
1
k +1
k +1 k
. u k +1 =
u k =
k = k +1
2
2k
2k 2
1
n +1
. v n +1 =
k (2
v n v 1 =
k
kn
n
3
2
1
.v n = n ... v 3 = 3 v 2 = 2 v 1 =
k
k
k
k
r
1
v r = r . v 1 = 1
k
k
r +1
r +1
r +1 r
.v r +1 =
v n =
r = r +1
k
kr
kr k
. %-$ %
""+ . 3
1
. lim ln 1 +
e 1 n = 0 (1 106
= 0 (2. nlim
+
n +
2n + 3
n
. lim ( n + 2 ) e n = lim n + 2e n = 0 (3
n +
n + e
. lim ln ( 3 + e 2 n ) = ln 3 (4
n +
e 1
en 6 1
. lim n
= 1 (6 . lim n
= (5
n + 2e
n + 2e + 1
+1
2
n
e 3
. lim ln n
= ln1 = 0 (7
n +
e +1
en +2
. lim ln 2 n
= 0 (8
n +
e +1
2
. u n = n 2 3 +
3 (1 107
n +1
2
n
lim u n = lim
= + u n = 2n
n +
n +
3
n +1
1
2
3+
+ 3
n +1
. v 0 =
2
v 0 1
3
v k +1 1 2
3
.u n =
n +2
2
1
3
n +1
1 v k 1
n +1
2 n +1
4v n + 1 2
= 4 + 1 / 1
v n 1 3
3
x3 x2 x
+
102
3
2 6
x3
1 x2
p ( x + 1) p ( x ) =
+x 2 +x +
3 2
3
(1
1 x +1 x 3 x 2 x
x +
+ =x2
2
6 3
2 6
. p (x ) =
. p ( 0 ) p ( 0 ) = 0 ( 2
p ( k + 1) = p ( k ) + k 2 p ( k )
. p ( k + 1)
p (1) = 02 ( 3
13 12 1 2 3 + 1
+ =
=0
3 2 6
6
p ( k + 1) = 12 + 22 + ... + k 2
. p (1) =
p ( n + 2 ) = p ( n + 1) + ( n + 1)
2
. p ( n + 2 ) = 12 + 2 2 + ... + n 2 + ( n + 1)
1
u 1 = 0 103
un 2
n 1
3
2
1
un =
u 4 = u 3 = u 2 =
n
4
3
2
.
1 1
. u 1 =
= 0
1
k 1
1
1
k
u k =
u k +1 =
=
=
k
u k 2 k 1 2 k +1
k
2005
. u 2006 =
2006
n = 5 2 + 7 2 n = 24 104
. u n +1 =
k = 5a + 7b k 24
: a 5 k = 5a b = 0
. k + 1 = 5a 20 + 21 = 5 ( a 4 ) + 7 3
. ( v n ) v n +1 =
1
1
(v n 3) + 1 = v n
3
3
. lim u n = 0
n +
. un =
1
. lim u n = 3 lim = 0
n +
n + 3

n
3
15
3 1
. lim s n = v 0 =
s n = v 0 1
n +
2
2
2 3
lim t n = t n = s n 3 ( n + 1)
un =
n 2 + 3n + 2
n +
n +
n +1
111
n +1
n2
un n 2 +1
. lim v n = lim 2 = 1 v n =
=
n +
n + n
n n2 + n
n
1 n
. lim w n = lim
= 1 w n = u n n =
n +
n + n
n +1
1
v 1 n 1
. lim t n = lim
= 0 tn = n
=
n +
n + 2 n
w n 1 2n 2
3n 2 4
= + 112
n +
n + n + 1
u
. lim v n = lim n = 3
n +
n + n
3n 4
. lim w n = lim (u n 3n ) = lim
= 3
n +
n +
n + n + 1
1
. u n = n 113
n!
1
1
1
u4 =
u 3 = u 2 = u 1 = 1 (1
24
6
2
1
1
. u6 =
u5 =
720
120
. lim u n = lim
n ! n n ( 2
1
1
= 0 0 < u n
n + n
n
. lim u n = 0 lim
n +
. un =
cos ( 3n )
n
n 114
n
n
(3
n +2
n +1
n +1 n + 2
lim u n = 0 u n =
n +
1+
n +
(2
3n 1 + 3n
2
1
1
u n = v n 3 = 5 3 v n = 5 (2
3
3
. lim u n = lim n = + u n =
. u n = 3n 2 1 3n =
2
u n = 3n 9n + 1 =
2
n +5
3 2
+
n n2
n +1 + n + 2
1
n 2 + 5 3n + 9n 2 + 1
(4
. lim u n = 0
n +
. 1 <
2n
2
2
< 1 lim n = lim = 0
n
+
n
+
5
5
5
108
3, 01
3, 01
. 3,01 > 1 lim n = lim
= +
n + 3
n +
3
3
n
1 1
1
u n = 1 + + 2 + ... + n
5 5
5
n +1
5
5 1
. lim u n = u n = 1
n +
4
4 5
1
un
. v n = u n +1 =
u 0 = 2 109
un
3u n + 1
. u 0 > 0 p ( 0 ) ( 1
. u k +1 > 0 3u k + 1 > 0 u k > 0
. v n +1 =
1
u n +1
3u n + 1
= 3 + v n n ( 2
un
2
1
v n = 3n + (3
n +
6n + 1
2
1
. v n = u n + 3 u n +1 = u n 2 u 0 = 2 110
3
. lim u n = 0 u n =
. t n = u 0 + u 1 + ... + u n s n = v 0 + v 1 + ... + v n
1
v n +1 = u n +1 + 3 = u n + 1 n ( 1
3
116 . u n = 1 n
10
(1 ) . (u n
n
(2 n n 30 1 2
10
n
1 2n u n 2
10
n
2 > 1 lim 2n = + . lim u n = +

n +

u n > 0 n
1+ 5
lim u n > 0
n +
2
1
u 1 = 0, 57 = 57
118
100
1
u 2 = 0,57 + 0, 0057 = 0, 57 + 0, 57
100
1
1
. u 2 = 57
+
2
100 100
1
1
1
u k = 57
+
+ ... +

2
100 k
100 100
u k +1 = 0, 57...57
k .
=l
n +
(1 117 . TI 83

+ 0, 00...0057

n +
n +
1 5
1+ 5

=' l
2
2
u 0 = 1 u 0 > 0 u k > 0 k
1
1 + u k +1 > 0
, > 0
uk
=" l
2k +2
lim n = lim n + 2 = + lim u n = +
n +
n +
7
5
.
.
.
7
5
,
0
1
1
un
n 0
n
n
1
1
lim . lim u n = 0
= lim
=0
n +
n +
n n + n
n
. u n = n + 1 cos
115 n
5
n
1 cos n u n n + 2
1
5
n +
1 cos ( 3n ) 1 n
1
1
= 1 +
un
l
1
1 + = l l 2 l 1 = 0 . l 0
l
2
l l 1 = 0 5
lim u n +1 = lim 1 +
2k +2
= u k +1
2k
57
102 k + 2
1
1
1
1
u k +1 = 57
+
+ ... +
+ 57
k
2
100
100k +1
100 100
1
1
1
1
. u k +1 = 57
+
+ ... +
+
k
2
100 100k +1
100 100

u k +1 = u k +
u 23 23
. 1, 618033989

. 1, 618033989
u l
lim u n = l lim u n +1 = l
n +
n +
1
1
1
u n = 57
+
+ ... +
n
2
100n
100 100
1
1
1

+
+ ... +
2
100 n
100 100
1
.

100
1
1
n
1
57 100 1
100
u n = 57

=

1
100
100 99 100
1
100
n
1
57 1
< 1
= u n < 1
1

100
99 100
n
57
1
= . lim u n
lim
= 0
n + 100
n +
99
(u n ) 119 . u n = n 2 + n n :
u10 n
n
(1
1
0.4880884817015
.
n
n
1
2
3
4
n
0.4142135623731
0.4494897427832
0.4641016151378
0.4721359549996
(2 n
un = n 2 + n n
n2 + n + n
1
1
1+ +1
n
()
n2 + n n
n2 + n + n
=
0.4987562112089
0.4998750624610
0.4999875006251
0.4999987500050
0.4999998749699
0.4999999869615
0.5000000000000
0.5000000000000
0.5000000000000
0.5000000000000
0.5000000000000
0.5000000000000
0.5000000000000
0.0000000000000
(
=
=
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
un
n
= un
1
n 1 + + 1
n
1
1
lim = 0 = lim u n
n +
n + n
2
n
1
+n
n
n 1+
n n 2 n 2 n 2 + n
n 2 + n n .0
1
14
. u n +1 = u n +
(u n ) 120 u 0 = 1
3
3
(1 . u n +1 > u n n
1
14
u 0 = 1 u 1 = u 0 + = 5 . u 1 > u 0
3
3
u k +1 u k k
1
14
f : x x +
.
3
3
) f (u k +1 ) > f (u k u k + 2 > u k +1
n
u n +1 > u n ) (u n .
1
14
x = x + 3x = x + 14
(2
3
3
2x = 14 . x = 7
(3 ) (u n
l lim u n = l lim u n +1 = l
n +
n +
1
14
u n +1 = u n +
3
3
14 1 14
1
lim u n +1 = lim u n + = l +
n +
n + 3
3 3
3
1 14
l + = l . l = 7
3
3
(4 v n = u n 7 n
1
14
1
7
v n +1 = u n +1 7 v n +1 = u n + 7 = u n
3
3
3
3
1
7 1
u n = v n + 7 v n +1 = (v n + 7 ) = v n
3
3 3
1

) (v n
3
n
1
1
v n = v 0 = 6 . v 0 = 6
3
3
v n = u n 7 u n = v n + 7
n
1
1
. u n = 6 + 7 < 1
3
3
n
< 1
1
lim = 0 lim u n = 7
n +
n + 3

) (u n.
121
(1 !) 2n ( n 1 . n = 6
! ) 2k ( k 1 k
. 6 ! ) 2k ( k 1 2 k
2n
! ) 2 2k k ( k 1 ! 2k +1 k
2n ( n 1) ! n 6
2n
1
2n 1
lim
0 lim = 0 = 0
! n + n
n + n
n! n
2n
.

!n
a 122 ) (u n :
un
u 0 = a :
2 +un2
= . u n +1
un
20
un
u n +1
a
0
u0
2k
u k k
1
1 a
u k k
2
2
2
2 2
a
u
u k +1 k u k +1 k +1
2
2
n
2n
. un
k +1
n +
un + 2
(u n ) 123 u 0 = 2
2u n + 1
= . u n +1
(1 u 0 > 0 : u k > 0 k
u k + 2 > 0 2u k + 1 > 0
u +2
k u k +1 > 0
>0
2u k + 1
n +
. u n +1
1
1
lim a = lim a = 0
n +
n +
2
2
. lim u n = 0
uk
lim u n = l l lim u n +1 = l
: n
1
1
a un a
2
2
) (u n
2 +un
2
un
un
un
u
=
=
=
+
1
n
2
2 +un2
2 +un2 2 +un
(2 u 0 = a = a
n . u n > 0
(1 n 2 + u n 2 2
1
1
2
2 +un
2
2n
2n
! )n ( n 1
2n 1
!n
2n
2n
n! n
n
n
n n 6
u n
un
1
1
1 < < 1 lim = 0
n + 2
2

(2 2n ( n 1) ! n 6
un
(3 n
n +
.
l +2
u +2 l +2
lim u n +1 = lim n = l
=
n
+
n
+
2l + 1
2u n + 1 2l + 1
2l = 2 l = 1 . l = 1
x +2
f : x
C (2
2x + 1
1
1

f ; 2 2 ; +
( 2x + 1) 2 ( x + 2 ) = 3 :
= ) f '(x
2
2
)( 2x + 1
)( 2x + 1
2
x ]f ' ( x ) < 0 [ 0 ; 2, 2
f
2, 2
][ 0 ; 2, 2
2
1
0, 77
x
) f (x
) (u n
2x
2 u k +1 u k 4 2 + u k +1 2 + u k
. 1
[ [ 0; +
4 2 + u k +1 2 + u k 2 u k + 2 u k +1

. 2 u n +1 u n n
u n 1
(3 n
un +1
u 1
v n +1 = n +1
n
u n +1 + 1
= . vn
un + 2
1
2u n + 1
u + 1
1 u 1
1
= v n +1
= n
= n
= vn
un + 2
3 un +1
3
+ 1 3u n + 3
2u n + 1
1
u 1 1
v0 = 0
) (v n =
3
u0 +1 3
1
1 < < 1 ) (v n .
3
n +1
n
1
1
. v n = v 0 = ( 1)
3
3
u 1
n
vn = n
un +1
u 1
n u n 1 = u n + 1
v n = 1 = 1
un +1
1 = 1 .v n 1
u 1
v n = n v nu n + v n = u n 1
un +1
v nu n u n = v n 1
v n 1
v n 1
(v n 1)u n = v n 1
= . un
(2 ) (u n
2
. l 2
lim u n = l (3 lim u n +1 = l
n +
n +
2 + u n = 2 + l
lim u n +1 = lim
n +
n +
.l = 2+l
l 2 l = 2 + l l 2 = 2 + l
l 2 l 2 = 0 ( l + 1)( l 2 ) = 0
l = 2 . l = 1 l 2 . l = 2
125 u
n
1 1
1
1
= . u n = 1 + + + ... +
n k =1 k
2 3
(1 f : x ln ( x + 1) x
1
x
= 1
[ ]1; +
x +1
x +1
lim
f ( x ) =
>
= ) . f '(x
x
1
) ln ( x + 1
x
lim f ( x ) = lim ( x + 1)
=
x +
x +
x + 1
x +1
0
0
x
) f '(x
) f (x
1
lim v n = lim v 0 = 0 lim u n = 1
n +
n +
n +
3
) (u n.
(u n ) 124 u 0 = 5 . u n +1 = 2 + u n
(1 u1 = 7 u 0 = 5 2 7 5
. 2 u1 u 0
(2 [ f ( x ) 0 x ]1; +
1
ln ( x + 1) x
k
1 1
ln + 1
[ x ]1; +
k
k
1
1+ k
ln + 1 = ln
= ln (1 + k ) ln k
k
= x k
1
k
k
n :
1
1
ln 4 ln 3 ln 3 ln 2 ln 2 ln1 1
3
2
1
ln ( n + 1) ln n
...
n
n . ln ( n + 1) u n
. ln ( k + 1) ln k
lim ln ( n + 1) = + ln ( n + 1) u n
n +
. lim u n = +
n +
1
1
>1
ln 1 +
1 + > 0
n +1
n +1
.
) (u n
3
n +1
u n = ln ( 2 ) + ln + ... + ln
(2
2
n
n +1
3
u n = ln 2 ...
) = ln ( n + 1
n
2
(u n ) (3 +
u 0 = ln 2 .
1 1
1
(u n ) 128 u n = 1 + + 2 + ... + n :
3 3
3
.
(3 n:
. u n 10
1
3n = 3 1
= u n
(1
1 2 2 3n 1
1
3
3
3
3
1
u n = u n < 0 < . u n
2
2
2
2 3n 1
3
) . (u n

2
1
u n +1 u n = n +1 (2 u n +1 u n > 0
3
1
n u n 10 . n = 12367
4

""2
2 .
126 ) (u n ) (v n
1
1
= un
:
n
n 2 +1
.
= vn
(1 n 2 + 1 > 1 n n 2 + 1 > 1
1
1
< 1
n 2 +1
) . (u n
(2 n 2 + 1 > n 2 n
1
1
<
n 2 + 1 > n
2
n +1 n
. 0 0 u 0
(u n ) 127
u 1 > 0 x e x
1
1
. u n = ln (1 + 1) + ln 1 + + ... + ln 1 + :
2
n
0 < e u1 < e 0 0 < e u1 < 1
u n +1 u n = ln 1 +
(1 n
n
+
1
. 0 < u2 < 1
k 0 e u k > e 1 :
1
< e u k < 1 u k +1 = e u k
e
1
 0 ) (u n .
u n (2
1
1
4
n +1
1
n +1
1
4 1
4
= u n
= 1
1
3 4
1
4
n
4 11
=
3 3 4
n +1
4 41
. u n =
3 34
n
4
1
1
1 < < 1 lim = 0
n +
n + 4
3
4

(3 ) (u n
= . lim u n
. u 0
4
4

3
3
4
. 1 u n < , n
3
n
4 11
u n > 1,333333 > 1,333333
3 3 4
n
11
4
< 1, 333333
3 4
3
n
1
< 4 3, 999999
4
ln106
) n ln 0, 25 < ln ( 0, 000001
ln 0, 25
> n
n 10 1,333333 ) . (u n
(u n ) 131 u 0
. u n +1 = u n 2 3u n + 5 n
u n +1 u n 1 = u n 2 4u n + 4 = (u n + 2 ) (1
2
u n +1 u n 1 n
) (u n.
(2 ) (u n l
l = l 2 3l + 5 . l 2 4l + 5 = 0
(3 l 2 4l + 5 = 0 1
l l 2 4l + 5 = 0
) (u n.
) (u n
) (u n .
lim u n = +
n +
132 ) (u n u 0 = 11
4
. u n +1 = 3u n 4 n
35
17
= u1
(1
4
4
= . u2
(2
. u n +1 u n
(v n ) (3 v n = 4u n + :
.
v n +1 = 4u n +1 + = 4 ( 3u n 4 ) +
v
v n +1 = 12u n 16 + = 12 n
16 +
4
v n +1 = 3v n 16 2
) (v n . = 8
v n = 4u n 8 v 0 = 4u 0 8 = 3
v n + 8 3n +1 + 8
=
v n = 3n +1
4
4
1
1
1
+
! ( n + 1)! ( n + 1) ( n + 1) ! n n
1
1
1
=
+
! ( n + 1) n ! ( n + 1) ( n + 1) n ! n n
=
= .u n
11
) (u n
4
= u0
lim u n = + ) (u n
n +
! n ( n + 1) n
n
u1 u 2
u
+ 2 + ... + nn
4 4
4
! n ( n + 1) n
2
. w n = u0 +
3 + 8 32 + 8 33 + 8
3n +1 + 8
+ 2 + 3 + ... + n +1
4
4
4
4
n +1
1
1
8 4
+
4 1 1
4
= w n
3
1
3 4
= w n
4 1 3
4
3 n +1 8 1 n +1
w n = 3 1 + 1
4 3 4
8 17
= lim w n = 3 + ) (w n .
n +
3 3
5
"
""2
,"2 .
133 ) (u n ) (v n
1
1 1
1
.v n = u n +
u n = 1 + + + ... + :
!n n
!1! 2
!n
1
u n +1 = u n +
(1 n
!)( n + 1
1
! )( n + 1
n 2 + n + n n 2 2n 1
! n ( n + 1) n
2
v n +1 v n < 0 ) (v n .
n +1
3 3 2
3
w n = + + ... + +
4 4
4
1
1 1
8 + 2 + ... + n +1
4
4 4
n +1
)n ( n + 1) + n ( n + 1
= u n +1 u n u n +1 u n > 0
1
1
v n = u n +
!n n
!n n
1
. lim (v n u n ) = lim
=0
n +
! n + n n
(u n ) : ) (v n .
= v n u n
(2 ) (u n ) (v n
u n l v n n
1
un l un +
!n n
3
u n 10 l
1
n n ! 1000
103
!n n
5 5! = 600 6 6! = 4320 u 6
103 . l
1957
= u6
, u 6 2, 718055556
720
v 0 = 2 u 0 = 0 134 : n
3v + 1
3u + 1
. v n +1 = n
u n +1 = n
4
4
) (u n .
(1 u 0 1 v 0 u k 1 v k
n
1
1
v n +1 v n = u n +1 u n +
! ( n + 1) ( n + 1)! n n
3u k 3 3v k 3u k + 1 4 3v k + 1
3u + 1
3v + 1
. k
1 k
4
4
3u n + 1
1un
= un
(2
4
4
u n +1 u n 0 ) (u n.
= u n +1 u n u n 1
3v n + 1
1 v n
= v n
4
4
v n +1 v n 0 ) (v n.
= v n +1 v n 1 v n
3u n + 1 3v n + 1 3
) = (u n v n
4
4
4
) (w n w n = u n v n
= u n +1 v n +1
3
u n v n = (u 0 v 0 )
4
3
lim (u n v n ) = lim 2 = 0
n +
n +
4
) (v n .
) (u n
3u n + 1
4
lim ( 4u n +1 3u n ) = 1 . l = 1
= u n +1 4u n +1 3u n = 1
: n
u + 4v n
u + 4v n
v n +1 v n = n
v n +1 = n v n
5
5
u n v n w n
= . v n +1 v n
=
5
5
w n < 0 : n
u n +1 u n > 0 v n +1 v n < 0 ) (u n
) (v n .
) (u n (v n )
lim (u n v n ) = lim w n = 0
n +
n +
) (u n ) (v n
. l
(4 t n = 3u n + 10v n n
t n +1 t n = 3u n +1 + 10v n +1 3u n 10v n
= 3 (u n +1 u n ) + 10 (v n +1 v n ) = 2w n + 2w n = 0
) (t n .
t n = t 0 , n
n +
v 0 = 2 u 0 = 1 135 : n
u + 4v n
u + 2v n
. v n +1 = n
u n +1 = n
5
3
w n +1 = u n +1 v n +1
(1 n
u + 2v n u n + 4v n 2u n 2v n
= n
=
3
5
15
2
2
w n +1 = (u n v n ) = w n ) (w n
15
15
2
w 0 = u 0 v 0 = 1
15
n
2
2
1 < < 1 . w n = . lim w n = 0
n
+
15
15
u + 2v n
u n +1 = n
(2 : n
3
u + 2v n
2u n + 2v n
u n +1 u n = n
= un
3
3
2
2
. u n +1 u n = (u n v n ) = w n
3
3
3u n + 10v n = 3u 0 + 10v 0 = 23
lim ( 3u n + 10v n ) = 23 .
n +
lim ( 3u n + 10v n ) = 3l + 10l = 13l

n +
23
13l = 23
13
v 0 = 4 u 0 = 3 136 n
u +v
u +v n
u n +1 = n . v n +1 = n +1 n
2
2
59
29
15
7
= . v2
= u2
= v1
u 1 = (1
16
8
4
2
=. l
(2 n . w n = v n u n :
u n +1 + v n
v u n +1
u n +1 = n
2
2
v un 1
w n +1 = n ) (w n .
= wn
4
4
= w n +1 = v n +1 u n +1
1
1
lim w n = lim w 0 = lim = 0
n +
n +
n + 4
4

u +v n
v un w n
u n +1 u n = n
un = n
=
(3
2
2
2
u n +1 + v n
u v
u v n
v n = n +1 n = n
2
2
4
w
v n +1 v n = n w n > 0 ) (u n
4
) (v n .
= v n +1 v n
lim (v n u n ) = lim w n = 0
n +
n +
) (u n
) (v n .
1
1
) (u n +1 + 2v n +1 ) = ( 2u n +1 + v n
3
3
1
t n +1 = (u n + 2v n ) = t n ) (t n .
3
1
11
= ) lim t n = t 0 = (u 0 + 2v 0
n +
3
3
11
1
= .l
lim t n = ( l + 2l ) = l
n +
3
3
2x + 1
= ) f (x
f 137 ] [ 0; 2 :
x +1
.
= t n +1
(1
1
2
)( x + 1
. 1 u k +1 2
* " " 1 v n 2 .
3
* " " u n u n +1 u 0 = 1
2
= u 1 . u 0 u 1
u k u k +1 ) f (u k ) f (u k +1 f
. u k +1 u k + 2
(4 ) ( .
= ) f ' ( x f
1 u k 2 1 f (u k ) 2
][ 0; 2
1 x 2
3
5
) f (1) f ( x ) f ( 2 ) f ( x
2
3
]. f ( x ) [1; 2
v 0 = 2 u 0 = 1 (2 n
) u n +1 = f (u n ) . v n +1 = f (v n
) (u n
) (v n

.
(3 :
* " " 1 u n 2 u 0 = 1 1 u 0 2
* " " v n v n +1 .
(4 n :
2v + 1 2u n + 1
v n un
.v n +1 u n +1 = n
=
)v n + 1 u n + 1 (v n + 1)(u n + 1
1 u n 2 1 v n 2 2 u n + 1 3
2 v n + 1 3 4 (u n + 1)(v n + 1) 9
v n u n v n +1 u n +1
v 0 u 0 = 1 : v 0 u 0 0
v k u k 0 .v k +1 u k +1 0
4 (u n + 1)(v n + 1) 9
1
< 0 v n u n 0
(u n + 1)(v n + 1) 4
v n un
1
) (v n u n
(u n + 1)(v n + 1) 4
1
) (v n u n
4
. v n +1 u n +1
n
n
1
. v n un
4
0
1
1
v 0 u 0 = 1 = 1 v 0 u 0
4
4
k
1
. v k u k
4
k
1
11
.v k +1 u k +1 (v k u k )
4
44
1
1
0 v n u n lim = 0
n + 4

4
lim (v n u n ) = 0 (3 u n u n +1
n +
v n v n +1 ) (u n ) (v n
) (u n ) (v n . l
2u n + 1
un +1
= u n +1 u n +1u n + u n +1 2u n 1 = 0
lim (u n +1u n + u n +1 2u n 1) = 0
n +
1+ 5
1 5
= l
l 2 l 1 = 0
2
2
1+ 5
1 u n 2 1 v n 2
2
=l
= .l
a 138 b . 0 < a 0 u k v k > 0
= 4u k v k
4u k v k
v k
) (u k
2
. 0 0 u k + v k 2 u k v k
u k +v k
u kv k
2
0 < u k +1 v k +1
v k +1 u k +1 :
p k +1 .
n
p n . 0 < u n v n
(2 n
v n un
2
u n + v n 2 u nv n
2
2
= v n +1 u n +1
2
u + v n 2 un v n
= n
=
2
) )( v u )( v + u
) 2( v + u
) 1( v u
=
) (v u
) 2( v + u
n
v n un
(
=
u n < u n v n u n < v n + u n
< 1
v n un
v n + un
v un 1
1
) < (v n u n
(v n u n ) n
2
v n + un 2
1
) (v n u n
2
< . v n +1 u n +1
1
) (b a
20
) v 0 u 0 (b a .
v 0 u0
1
) v k u k k (b a
2
1
) v k ++ u k +1 k +1 (b a
2
1
) v k +1 u k +1 < (v k u k
2
1
) v k u k k (b a
2
1
1
) (v k u k ) k +1 (b a
2
2
1
) v k +1 u k +1 k +1 (b a
2
1
.v n u n n (b a ) n
2
(3 ) (u n
u n +1
un
uv
v
u
n +1 = n 2n = n
un
un
un
0 < u n v n 1
) (u n .
vn
un
0 < u n v n
u n +1
1
un
u n +v n
u v n
v n = n
2
2
0 < u n v n u n v n 0 v n +1 v n 0
3
(w n ) w n = u n v n
10
= v n +1 v n
) (v n .
n
1
1
lim
) 0 v n u n n (b a (b a ) = 0
n + 2 n
2
. lim (v n u n ) = 0
n +
a = 2 (4 , b = 5
. v n un
3
< 10 3
n
2
12
2 = 4096 n 12
11
10
(2 n x n = u n + av n
y n = u n + b v n a b .
u n +v n
u + 4v n
+a n
2
5
( 2a + 5 )u n + ( 8a + 5)v n
8a + 5
+
vn
2a + 5
1
2
3
4
5
2 3,1623 3,32686 3,3289968 3,3289971
5
3,5 3,33114 3,3289975 3,3289971
n +
10
2n > 3000 211 = 2048
6
3,328997
3,328997
3
w n = u n v n = (u 0 v 0 )
10
lim (u n v n ) = 0 ) (u n ) (v n .
= x n +1 = u n +1 + av n +1
: ) (u n ) (v n .
3
2n
n
u
v
= x n +1
( 2a + 5 ) u
=
10
8a + 5
) ( x n = a
2a + 5
x n +1
2a 2 3a 5 = 0
) ( y n 2b 2 3b 5 = 0
3,328997 3,3289971 3,328997 3,328997 3,3289971 3,329 a b

3,328997 3,3289971 3,328997 3,328997 3,3289971
3,329
5
2x 2 3x 5 = 0 a = 1 = b b = 1
l 3,329 ) (u n ) . (v n
2
5
v 0 = 2 u 0 = 1 139 n
= .a
2
u + 4v n
u +v n
. v n +1 = n
u n +1 = n
5
5
2
a = 1 = b
2
(1 u 0 < v 0 . k
3
3
x n +1 = (u n v n ) = x n
u k < v k . u k v k < 0
10
10
5
u + v k u k + 4v k 3u k 3v k
. y n +1 = u n + v n = y n
u k +1 v k +1 = k
=
2
2
5
10
3
5
) u k +1 v k +1 = 10 (u k v k u k +1 v k +1 < 0 x 0 = u 0 v 0 = 3 y 0 = u 0 + v 0 = 4
2
u +v n
v un
n
u n +1 u n = n
un = n
3
x n = 3 . y n = y 0 = 4
2
2
10
u n < v n v n u n > 0 u n +1 u n > 0
(3 ) (u n ) . (v n
) (u n .
x n = u n + av n y n = u n + b v n
u + 4v n
u v n
n
v n +1 v n = n
v n = n
5
3
5
5
x n = u n v n = 3 y n = u n + v n = 4
2
10
v n +1 v n < 0 ) (v n .
3
) (u n v n
10
= u n +1 v n +1
lim v n =
n +
vn =
8 6 3
7
3
+ v n = 4 + 3
7 7 10
2
10
n +2
n +2
2
1
= + = u n +2
7
5
. ( E )
!' m ( u n )

4
+ = 3 6 u 0 = 3 (3
35
2
1
4
! 10 7 = 4 =
7
5
35
(u n )
6 ( !
_' E ) @ 140
:

fF Sa3 j(
'6
3
2
. u n + 2 = u n +1 + u n
35
35
n )) 4 6
T (u n ) (1
6 u 1 =
2
1
. u n = + 2 = 2 = 1
7
5
n
1
2
2
lim = 0 1 <
< 1 1 < < 1
n + 7
5
7

n
1
. lim u n = 0 lim = 0
n +
n +
5
)) 4 2:
(R f
( 1 I 141
n
1
x 2
U f ' ( x ) = 1 x
=
x 0
1+ x 1+ x
. [ 0; + [ j( 3
mR f
f ' ( x ) 0
x 0 )) 4 2:
(R g

1
x
g ' ( x ) 0 U g ' ( x ) =
1 =
1+ x
1+ x
. [ 0; + [ j( 3
mR g

v x > 0 f ( 0 ) = 0 (2
)) 4 f ( x ) < 0 f ( x ) < f ( 0 )
1
x x 2 ln (1 + x ) 0 f ( x ) 0 x 0
2
1
. x x 2 ln (1 + x ) 6
2
g ( x ) < g ( 0 ) v x > 0 g ( 0 ) = 0
, x 0 )) 4 g ( x ) < 0
6 ln (1 + x ) x 0 g ( x ) 0
. ln (1 + x ) x
6
3
2
u n = 0 6 u n = u n + u n
7
35
35
n )) 4 6 r 7^
/ (u n )
. u n = 0
un =
67
3
2
r u n + 2r = (u n + r ) + u n
30
35
35
. u n = 0
T (u n ) U
n )) 4 6 q 7^
7 ( u n )
6 u n q 2 =
3
2
(u n q ) + u n
35
35
2
q = u n = 0 u n ( 35q 2 3q 2 ) = 0
5
4
. q =
7
9 Uv
6 ( !
_' E )
43
/
9
T
43
2
q = 77 ( E )
! 7
5
4
.q =
7
@ (2
n +1
n +1
3
2
3 2
1
u n +1 + u n = + +
35
35
35 7
5
n
n
2 2
1
+ +
35 7
5
1 2 6
1 1 3
= + 2 + + 2
35 7 7
35 5 5
2 4
1 1
= +
7 49
5 25
n
1
1
n
1 2
1
= 1
Sn =
2 1 1
2
2
n
1
1
n
1 4
1 11
. Tn =
=
4 1 1
3 3 4
4
n
1
lim S n = lim 1 = 1
n +
n +
2
n
1 11
1
. lim T n = lim =
n +
n + 3
3 4
3
, 6 '_ 61Z n @ ( 5
1
1
u n +1 u n = u n 1 + n +1 u n = n +1 u n
2
2
1
> 0 , n 6 '_ 61Z ) ) 4
2n +1
1
n +1 u n > 0 ( 1 p/ ) u n > 0
2
. 3 X (u n ) u n +1 u n > 0
n
1
61Z ) ) 4 U S n = 1
2
v ln u n S n S n 1 n 6 '_
a (u n )
u n e U ln u n 1
.
v 3 X j(^
w l 4 Uv
( u n )
1
U S n T n ln u n S n lim u n = l
n +
2
1
lim S n T n lim ln u n lim S n

n +
n +
2 n +
5
1 1
@ ln l 1 6 1 ln l 1
6
2 3
5
6
.e l e
: n )) 4' 6 (v n ) ( u n ) 142
1
2
n
+ sin 2 + ... + sin 2
2
n
n
n
1
2
n
. v n = 2 + 2 + ... + 2
n
n
n
u n = sin
vn =
n ( n + 1)
1
n @ (1
1 + 2 + ... + n ) =
2 (
2
n
2n
x2
ln (1 + x ) x x 0 )) 4 :
f:*
2
3
' . u 1 > 0 U u 1 = (1 II
2
1
1
u n 1 + n +1 > 0 v 1 + n +1 > 0 u n > 0

2
2
)) 4 U C A4 '1 Y/ u n +1 > 0 U
x
. u n > 0 n 6 '_ 61Z

3
1 3
ln 1 + = ln u 1 = (2
2
2 2
1
' . ln u 1 = ln 1 +
2
1
1
1
ln u n = ln 1 + + ln 1 + 2 + ... + ln 1 + n
2
2
2

1
1
ln u n +1 = ln u n 1 + n +1 = ln u n + ln 1 + n +1
2
2
: U
1
1
ln u n +1 = ln 1 + + ln 1 + 2 + ... +
2
2
1
1
ln 1 + n + ln 1 + n +1
2
2
61Z ) ) 4 U C A4 '1 Y/
n 6 '_
1
1
1
ln u n = ln 1 + + ln 1 + 2 + ... + ln 1 + n
2
2
2
A| , 1 k n w 61Z k @ (3
1
l1m3 (1)
R:6 x = k
2
1 1 1
1 1

ln 1 + k k
2k 2 4 k
2 2
n j 1 '; k ^n R:6 P
j( )ma R:6' ) Z A!
1
S n T n ln u n S n
2

6 a !T n S n ( 4
1 1
. Y3' j(
77 7
4 2
6 13 + 23 + ... + n 3 n 4
1
1
6 (13 + 23 + ... + n 3 ) 6 n 4
6n
6n
1 3 3
1
v n 6 (1 + 2 + ... + n 3 ) v n 2 6
6n
6n
1
. v n 2 un v n
6n
1
1
U lim v n = lim
= 0 (4
n +
n
+
2
6n 2
1
1
1
. lim u n = lim v n 2 =
n +
n
+
2
6n
2
1
.

( u n )

2
x ln x
. f (x ) =
] 0; + [ j(
'6 f I 143
x +1
1 x +1
x ]0; + [ )) 4( 1
g '(x ) = 1+ =
x
x
. 3 X g
g ' ( x ) > 0 U
lim
g ( x ) = ] 0; + [ j( '/ g
>
x
0
lim g ( x ) = +
x
+
. : )13 g ( x ) = 0
6 :
f:*
g ( 0, 28) 0.007 g ( 0, 27 ) -0.039 :

0, 27 0, 28
x > 0 )4( 2
( ln x + 1)( x + 1) x ln x = g ( x )
. f '(x ) =
2
2
( x + 1)
( x + 1)
f ' ( x ) < 0 x ] ; [ )4 f ' ( ) = 0
. f ' ( x ) > 0 x ] ; + [ )4
x ln x
=0
x
0
x 0 x + 1
x ln x
ln x
lim f ( x ) = lim
= lim
x +
x +
1 x + 1
x 1 +
1 +
x
x
. lim f ( x ) = +
lim
f ( x ) = lim
>
>
x +
6 g ( ) = 0 f (1) = 0 } : (1 II
f ( ) =
ln
= ln = 1
+1
n +1 1
n +1
= U v n =
2n
2
2n
!x )) 4 f : x x sin x (2
f ' ( x ) 0 U f ' ( x ) = 1 cos x [ 0; + [
. lim v n = lim
n +
n +
f ( 0 ) = 0 [ 0; + [ j( 3 X f
f ( x ) > 0 f ( x ) > f ( 0 ) v x > 0

.
14 f

x [ 0; + [ )) 4 g : x 1 +
x2
+ cos x
2
v
14 f g ' ( x ) = x sin x = f ( x )
g ( 0 ) = 0 3 X g g ' ( x ) 0
g ( x ) > 0 g ( x ) > g ( 0 ) v x > 0

.
14 g

x [ 0; + [ )) 4 h : x x +
x3
+ sin x
6
x2
+ cos x = g ( x )
2
3 X h h ' ( x ) 0 v
14 g h ' ( x ) = 1 +
h ( x ) > h ( 0 ) v x > 0 h ( 0 ) = 0
.
14 h
h ( x ) > 0
w k 61Z ) ) 4 n @ (3

23 n 3 13 n 3 1 k 3 n 3 1 k n
j( )ma 'Z j' Z A! n 3 n 3 ...
. 13 + 23 + ... + n 3 n 4 13 + 23 + ... + n 3 n n 3
f ( x ) 0 x Y4 ) ) 4
x3
x sin x 6 h ( x ) 0
6
k
x3
U x = 2 A| . x
sin x x
n
6
k
k3
k
k
x3 k3
sin 2 2
=
n 2 6n 6
n
n
6 6n 6
: j( )ma A!
1
2
n
1
1
+ 2 + 2 6 (13 + 23 + ... + n 3 ) sin 2 +
2
n
n
n
6n
n
2
1
2
n
n
sin 2 + ... + sin 2 2 + 2 + 2
n
n
n
n
n
1 3 3
v n 6 (1 + 2 + ... + n 3 ) u n v n
6n
sin x x
u ( 0 ) = 0 [ 0; + [ j( 3 X u
)) 4 . u (t ) > u ( 0 ) @t > 0 )4

. 0 (1 + t ) ln (1 + t ) t u (t ) 0 , t 0
t2
29) 13 v : t (1 + t ) ln (1 + t ) t

2
v ' (t ) = ln (1 + t ) t t 0 )) 4
1
t
1 =
1+t
1+ t
v ' ( 0 ) = 0 [ 0; + [ j(
mR v ' v " (t ) 0
j( 3'/ x x + 1 x x sin x

f
x + 1 0 x > 0 )4] 0; + [
: 3;'3 4 U ] 0; + [ j( '/
f '(x )
- 0
f (x )
)4 v ( 0 ) = 0 [ 0; + [ j(
mR v
v (t ) 0 @t 0
t2
0
2
t2
. (1 + t ) ln (1 + t ) t
2
, t 0 )) 4 :
f:*
t2
. 0 (1 + t ) ln (1 + t ) t
2
@ t = n A|
6 (1 + t ) ln (1 + t ) t
0 (1 + n ) ln (1 + n ) n
n2
2
n
(1 + n ) ln (1 + n ) = n
e
2
n
C j
^1 0 n n n
e
2
2
2
2
n
n
n
. n 2 n n 2 2 n @ n n
2
2e
e
e
2
n
1 n
0 n n n
e
2e
n2
0 ne n n e 2 n
2
2
n
@3 ( 2 ) 0 n n e n e n @3 ( 3)
2
2
n
0 n n + e n e n n e n = n e n
2
+
+
0
n
@t 0 )4 v " (t ) =
v ' (t ) 0 @t 0 )4
. n : )13 f ( x ) = n
6
e n ln e n
en
=
n
( 2
e n +1
e n +1
ne n
en
n
n 6 n
1 e n e n + 1
e +1
e +1
. f (e n ) n
f (e n ) =
f f (e n ) f ( n ) v f ( n ) = n
. e n n @v [1; + [ j( 3 X
n ln n
= n @3 f ( n ) = n
n +1
6 n ( ln n n ) = n n ln n = n n + n
@3
(1) . . . ln
n
n
ln n ln e n =
=
n
e n
n
n
e
e
lim
= +
n 6 e n n
n + n
n
n
n
lim
= 0 U lim n = + v
n + n
n +
n
n
. lim
n +
n
e
= 1 lim ln
U 1 + n =
n +
n
en
n
en
=0
6 ( 2 ) ( 3
C (1) ( 1 + n ) ln (1 + n ) =
ln
en
n
. (1 + n ) ln (1 + n ) = n
e
j( 29) 13 u : t (1 + t ) ln (1 + t ) t

1
u ' (t ) = ln (1 + t ) + (1 + t )
1 [ 0; + [
1+ t
@t 0 )4 u ' (t ) = ln (1 + t )
e
u ' (t ) 0 ln (1 + t ) 0 U ( 1 + t ) 1
1
n 2 n
n 2n
e = lim 2 e = 0
lim
n + 2
n +
2
144 ) (u n u 0 = 0
1
2
. u n + 2 = u n +1 + u n n
3
3
. u 1 = 1
2
v n = u n +1 u n . w n = u n +1 + u n
3
(1 ) (w n 0 .1
.1
2
(2 . v n =
3
(3 . u n = v 0 + v 1 + ... + v n 1
3
) . u n = (w n v n
5
(1 145
(2 0

1
.u n = 1 +
n +1
(3
.
(4 .
(6 lim u n = lim v n
n +
n +
1
1
= un
n +1
n +2
(u n ) 148 u 0 = 1,5 :
= .v n
)2n + ( 1
. n sin 1 . n > 0
n
n +1
(2 v .
v .
N ]0c
(5 .
. w n = 1
3
) (u n
5
n +
s+:!+ /"c
(1 146
"c !"+ +
2
) (v n
3
) (w n .1
lim (e n + n n ) = 0
. u n +1 = 2u n 1 n
(1 ) u n +1 = f (u n f ( x ) = 2x 1
f ( x ) = x . x = 1
v n +1 = u n +1 1 = 2u n 2 = 2v n (2
.
(3
n 1
v n = 2 lim v n = +
n +
) (v n

/ :
:

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\ %2I.
1 20 . {20, 10, 5, 4, 2, 1,1, 2, 4,5,10, 20} :
2 39 }{1,3,13,39
}). ( a , b ) {(1,39 ) ; ( 39,1) ; ( 3,13) ; (13,3
3 x 2 y 2 = 15 ( x y )( x + y ) = 15 x y x + y .15
4 . ( x 2 )( y 3) = xy 3x 2 y + 6
xy = 3x + 2 y xy 3x 2 y + 6 = 6 ( x 2 )( y 3) = 6 .6
1027 53k 1112 7 19 k 20
53 1027 1112 .40

a = 7 k (1 8 7 k < 50 k 7
}. a {7,14, 21, 28,35, 42, 49

33 11 11a
= =
(2
21 7 7a
11 22 33 44 55 66 77
=
=
=
=
=
=
7 14 21 28 35 42 49
a 0 < 7a < 50 0 < a 7 :
13 9 n + 4 n + 4 = 13k k n 22 . n = 13k 4 24 n 22
24
22
} k {1,0,1
k
24 13k 22
13
13
}. n {17 , 4,9
, 12 = 22 4 10 12 D12 = {12, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1,1, 2,3, 4, 6,12} :

1 1 2 3 4 6 122 3 4 6 12 5n + 7
1 5 3 4568910111319 5n
1
2
1
n
n + 6 n n + 6 = nk k ) 6 = n ( k 1 n . 6
} . n {1; 2;3;6 .
34 = 2 17 (1 34 :
}. D34 = {34, 17, 2, 1,1, 2,17,34
1 1 2 17 34 2 17 34 5n + 6
4 11 2859 8 23 40 5n
8
1
n
5n + 6 (2 n + 8 5n + 6 5n + 40 5n + 6 ) ( 5n + 40 ) ( 5n + 6 5n + 6
34 n = 1 . n = 8
n = 1 1 7 n = 8 34 0 .
n 14 . a = 3n + 7 b = 7 n + 2
d a : b d 7a 3b
d . 7a 3b = 49
n 15 . 1
) . n 3 n = n ( n 1)( n + 1 n 2 1 n 2 + n n 2 n n + 1 n n 1 1 : n 3 n
n3 n
17 a b .
( = a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b 3
) (a + b
( a 3 + b 3 = 3k
) = 3k + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 = 3 ( k + a 2b + ab 2
) (a + b
2
%2I.%- :P
18 a : b
a = 118 118 = 5 23 + 3 . b = 5 R1 . 3
a = 152 152 = 7 21 + 5 . b = 7 R1 . 5
4 a = 118 118 = 5 ( 24 ) + 2 . b = 5
a = 152 152 = 7 ( 22 ) + 2 . b = 7
19 n = 41k + 5 41k + 5 < 100 k 2 }n {5, 46,87

a 20 b a = 17b + 3 b > 3 a = 23b + 27
6b 24 = 0 b = 4 a = 71
n 21 7 3 n = 7 k + r n = 3k '+ r . 0 r < 3
n r 3 7
21
n r = 21 n = 21 + r 0 r < 3
n = 21 + 1 n = 21 . , n = 21 + 2
a 24 b :
a + b = 416 a = bk + 61 . b > 61
bk + 61 + b = 416 b ( k + 1) = 355 b 355 . 355 = 5 71 355 1
71 5 355 b > 61 b = 71 . b = 355
b = 71 . a = 416 71 = 345
. a = 416 355 = 61 b = 355
25 ) : PGCD ( a , b
a = 315 315 = 117 2 + 81 . b = 117
117 = 81 2 + 36 81 = 36 2 + 9 . 36 = 9 4 + 0 . PGCD ( 315,117 ) = 9 U
a = 1260 1260 = 528 2 + 204 . b = 528 528 = 204 2 + 120 204 = 120 1 + 84
120 = 84 1 + 36 84 = 36 2 + 12 36 = 12 3 + 0 . PGCD (1260,528) = 12 U
4 a = 1380 . b = 972
1380 = 972 1 + 408 972 = 408 2 + 156
408 = 156 2 + 96 156 = 96 1 + 60 96 = 60 1 + 36 60 = 36 1 + 24 36 = 24 1 + 12
24 = 12 2 + 0 . PGCD (1380,972 ) = 12 U
n 26 .
PGCD ( 3n , n ) = n PGCD ( n 2 , n ) = n
27 a b ) . p gcd ( a , b
) . = p gcd ( a , b
d a b a . b
d a b a = d b = d .
p gcd ( , ) = 1 p gcd ( a , b ) = d d = d .
p gcd ( , ) = 1 ' '
' = ' = ' a = d ' b = d p gcd ( a , b ) = d = d d .
28
792 456 336 120 96 24 0

. PGCD ( 792, 456 ) = 24 . 24 = 23 3
456 792:
}. D24 = {1, 2,3, 4, 6,8,12, 24
29
28
448 308 140
28 = 22 7 . PGCD ( 448,308 ) = 28
448 308 . D28 = {1, 2, 4, 7,14, 28} :

4294 = nk + 10 3521 = nk '+ 11
4284 = nk ' 3510 = nk n 4284 . 3510
1
4
1
1 6 1 2
4284 3510 774 414 360 54 36 18 0
PGCD ( 4284,3510 ) = 18 . 18 = 2 32 :
}. n {1, 2,3, 6,9,18
n 31 :
21685 = nk + 37 33509 = nk '+ 53
21648 = nk ' 33456 = nk
n 21648 33456 ) PGCD ( 33456, 21648) = 12 PGCD ( 2788,1804
2788 1804 984 820 164 0

PGCD ( 33456, 21648 ) = 12 164 = 1968
1968 = 2 984 ) PGCD ( 33456, 21648

. n = 1968
(1 32
182 126 56 14
. PGCD (182,126 ) = 14
(2 :
182 = 126 1 + 56 182 126 = 56
126 = 56 2 + 14 126 56 2 = 14
14 = 126 56 2 = 126 (182 126 ) 2 : . 14 = 182 ( 2 ) + 126 3 = 2 . = 3

3 c
FD.
"2 /
1399 = 82 17 + 5 33 . 5
PGCD (1399,82 ) = PGCD ( 82,5 ) = 1
34 a : b
a = 350 . b = 252
PGCD ( 350, 252 ) = PGCD ( 350, 252 ) = 14
a = 126 . b = 735
PGCD (126, 735 ) = PGCD (126, 735 ) = 21
4 a = 138 . b = 575
PGCD ( 138,575 ) = PGCD (138,575 ) = 23
PGCD ( 54,82 ) = 2 35
. PGCD ( 5400,8200 ) = 100PGCD ( 54,82 ) = 200
36 41 ) ( a , b .
PGCD ( a , b ) = d : ' b = db ' a = da ' a ' b .
9 ( a '+ b ' ) = 54
a + b = 54
36
6
p gcd ( a ', b ' ) = 1

PGCD ( a , b ) = 9
a '+ b ' = 6
@ )' 3 ( a ', bj
6
p gcd ( a ', b ') = 1
a + b = 72
37
PGCD ( a , b ) = 9
}){(1,5) ; ( 5,1
}) . ( a , b ) {( 9, 45 ) ; ( 45,9
}) ( a , b ) {( 9, 63) ; ( 27, 45 ) ; ( 45, 27 ) ; ( 63,9
a + b = 420
PGCD a , b = 84 38 }) ( a , b ) {( 84,336 ) ; (168, 252 ) ; ( 252,168 ) ; ( 336,84

) (
36a 'b ' = 360

ab = 360
39

p gcd ( a ', b ') = 1

PGCD ( a , b ) = 6
a 'b ' = 10
}) ( a ', b ') {(1,10 ) ; ( 2,5) ; ( 5, 2 ) ; (10,1
p gcd ( a ', b ') = 1
}) (a , b ) {( 6, 60 ) ; (12,30 ) ; ( 30,12 ) ; ( 60, 6
ab = 2700
40
PGCD ( a , b ) = 5
})(a , b ) {( 5,540 ) ; ( 20,135) ; ( 20,135) ; ( 540,5
2
2
a b = 825
41
) ( a, b ) = ( 85,80 ). ( a, b ) = ( 35, 28
PGCD ( a , b ) = 5
a = 55 b = 36 . PGCD ( 36,55 ) = 1
a = 14 42 b = 165 . PGCD (165,14 ) = 1
4 a = 1155 b = 872 PGCD (1155,872 ) = 1

a b .
(1 43
PGCD (140,143) = 1
(2 :
a = 140 34
PGCD (140,143) = 1 . PGCD ( a , b ) = 34

b = 143 34
a = 143 82
PGCD (140,143) = 1 . PGCD ( a , b ) = 82
b = 140 82
44 7 . 500

1 % :P
\ %2I.
45 x 2 < x < 5 : x = 3 . x = 4 4
90 3 90 156 .
. 3 m
2 ( 90 + 156 ) = 492 m
492
= 164
3
46 220 .220 110 55 44 22 20 11 10 5 4 2 1 :

= 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 10 + 11 + 20 + 22 + 44 + 55 + 110
284
284 . 284 142 71 4 2 1 :
. 1 + 2 + 4 + 71 + 142 = 220
47 n . 3
n + 5 = n 2 + 7 n + 5 n 2
n 2 7 n 2 = 1 n 2 = 7 n = 3 . n = 9
n = 3 n = 9 n + 5 = 8 n + 5 = 14 n 2 = 1 n 2 = 7
n + 5 . n 2
(1 48 8 8 4 2 1 8 . 15 :
81 81 27 9 3 1 81 . 121 :
(2 8 4 81 5 8 81 . 4 5 = 20
n + 2 n 1 + 3 n 1
3
(1 49
=
=
+
n 1
n 1
n 1 n 1
3
n +2
n +2
3

= 1+
n 1
n 1
n 1
n 1
) ( n 1 . 3
3 1 3 1 3 ) ( n 1 = 1) ( n 1 = 3) ( n 1 = 1 )( n 1 = 3
) ( n = 2 ) ( n = 2 ) ( n = 0 ) ( n = 4 n 2 0 : . 4
(2 a = 2 3 a 2 = 22 32 a 2 )( 2 + 1)( 2 + 1
a ) ( + 1)( + 1 ( 2 + 1)( 2 + 1) = 3 ( + 1)( + 1) :
4 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = + 2 ( 1) = + 2
= 2
+2
= 4
a = 22 34 = 324 . a = 24 32 = 144

= .
1
= 4
= 2
xy 4 y 12 = 0 50 x = 4 12 = 0 . x 4
12
= y x 4 12 . 12 = 22 3
xy 4 y 12 = 0
x 4
1 2 3 4 6 12
1 2 3 4 6 12 x 4
0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 16
2 8 x
12 12 6 4 3 2 1 6 4 3 2 1 y
(1 51 ]x [ 3;1[ ]1;3
2x 2 3x 3 2x 2 3x + 1 4
=
x 1
x 1
( x 1)( 2x 1) 4 = 2x 1 4
= ) f (x
x 1
x 1
x 1
(2 ) M ( x , y .
= ) f (x
4
4
y = 2x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 4
. y 2x + 1 =
1
2
4
1 2 4 x 1
2
1 2 4 4
y 2x + 1 1
0
2
3
5
1 3 x
M C f ]x [ 3;1[ ]1;3
1 6
n 52 . ) . a = n ( n 2 + 5
(1 n a .
n n = 2k + 1 n 2 + 5 = 4k 2 + 4k + 6 a .
(2 . n = 3k + 2 n = 3k + 1 n = 3k
a 53 ) a ( a 2 1 6 ) a ( a 2 1 2 3
2 3 .
54 n 5 n 0 n 5 n 10 10
2 . 5
) n 5 n = n ( n 4 1) = n ( n 2 1)( n 2 + 1 ). n 5 n = n ( n 1)( n + 1) ( n 2 + 1
) n ( n + 1 . 2
n 5 n ) , n ( n + 1 ) n ( n + 1 2 n 5 n . 2
n 5 . 5
n , 5 n 5 n n n 5 n . 5
n 5 5 . 4 , 3 , 2 1
n 5 1 n 1 5 n 5 n n 1
. 5
n 5 4 n + 1 5 n 5 n n + 1
. 5
n 5 r } r {2;3 n = 5k + r n 2 = 25k 2 + 10k + r 2
n 2 + 1 = 5 ( 5k 2 + 2k ) + r 2 + 1
} r {2;3 n 2 + 1 = 5 ( 5k 2 + 2k ) + 5 n 2 + 1 = 5 ( 5k 2 + 2k ) + 10
n 2 + 1 5 n 5 n n 2 + 1 n 5 n . 5
n 5 n n . 5 n 5 n 2 5
n 5 n . 10
n p +1 n p +5 n p +5 n p +1 n p +5 n p +1 = n p ( n 5 n ) . 0
n p +5 n p +1 . 10
55 n n 7 n 14 2
7 2 7 .
(1 56 a = n 2 + 5n + 4 = ( n + 1)( n + 4 ) n ) b = n 2 + 3n + 2 = ( n + 1)( n + 2
n + 1 a . b
(2 3n 2 + 15n + 20 = ( n + 1)( 3n + 12 ) + 8
n + 1 3n 2 + 15n + 20 n + 1 8 } n + 1 {1; 2; 4;8
}. n {0;1;3; 7
n } {0;1;3; 7 n + 1 3n 2 + 15n + 20
n 57 a a n 1 . n 2 + n + 3
) n 2 2n + 1 = ( n 1 a n 1 a ) ( n 1 a . n 2 2n + 1
2
a n 2 + n + 3 n 2 2n + 1 a ) ( n 2 + n + 3) ( n 2 2n + 1 . 3n + 2
4 a n 1 a 3n 3 a 3n + 2 ) ( 3n + 2 ) ( 3n 3 a
. 5
}. a {5; 1;1;5
58 ) ( x ; y xy x + y x 0 y 0
x + y = xyk k ) x = y ( xk 1 ) y = x ( yk 1 x y y x
x = y 2x = x 2 k 2 = xk x 2 x = y = 1 . x = y = 2
) (1,1 ) ( 2, 2 .
n 59 S . . n a
) S = a + ( a + 1) + ( a + 2 ) + ... + ( a + n 1 . 1
n
n 1
a + ( a + n 1) ) = n a +
(
2
2
= S
n 1
n 1

n n 1
2
2
S = nk k S . n
k = a +
2
%2I.%- :P
71 = 0 72 + 71 66 71 72 . 71
67 4350 . 34 .
4350 = 34 127 + 32 127 32 .
68 k . 100100 = 13k + 35 100100 = 13k + 26 + 9
100100 = 13 ( k + 2 ) + 9 9 < 13 100100 13 . 9
69 m n 17 8 . 12 m = 17 k + 8
n = 17 p + 12 k . p
m + n = 17 ( k + p ) + 20 = 17 ( k + p + 1) + 3
m + n 17 . 3
) m n = (17k + 8 )(17 p + 2
m n = 17 2 kp + 17 ( 2k + 8 p ) + 16
m n = 17 (17 kp + 2k + 8 p ) + 16
m n 17 . 16
m 2 = (17 k ) + 16 17 k + 64
2
. m 2 = 17 (17 k 2 + 16k + 3 ) + 13
m 2 17 . 13
230 1 = 0 79 . 7
23 p 1 7 23 p 1 = 7 k k 23( p +1) 1 . 7
1 = 8 23 p 1 = 8 ( 7 k + 1) 1 = 56k + 7
(2
)3 p +1
) 23( p +1) 1 = 7 ( 8k + 1 23( p +1) 1 . 7

n 23n 1 . 7
23n 1 = 7 k n k
23n = 7 k + 1 . 1
a = 23n +1 = 2 ( 7 k + 1) = 7 ( 2k ) + 2 . 2
a = 23n + 2 = 4 ( 7k + 1) = 7 ( 4k ) + 4 . 3
80 d a b a 2 a 2 + b d
a ) . (a 2 + b
d a ) ( a 2 + b a 2 ( a 2 + b ) a 2 b
d a . b
a ) ( a 2 + b a . b
) . PGCD ( a ; a 2 + b ) = PGCD ( a ; b
(2 a b 3b 2a a + b : 2a + 3b
a b a + b . 2a + 3b
a + b 2a + 3b ) 2 ( a + b ) 3 ( a + b
) 3 ( a + b ) ( 2a + 3b ) ( 2a + 3b ) 2 ( a + b 3 (a + b ) ( 2a + 3b ) = a ( 2a + 3b ) 2 ( a + b ) = b
a + b 2a + 3b a b
a + b 2a + 3b a . b
) . PGCD ( a + b ; 2a + 3b ) = PGCD ( a ; b
n 81 a = 11n + 3 . . b = 13n 1
13a 11b = 13 (11n + 3) 11(13n 1) (1

. 13a 11b = 143n + 39 143n + 11 = 50
PGCD ( a ; b ) (2 13a 11b 13a 11b ) PGCD ( a ; b . 50 , 50 = 2 52

) PGCD ( a ; b }. {1, 2,5,10, 25,50
(3 ) ( a ; b . PGCD ( a ; b ) = 50
50 a b 6a 5b 6a 5b
50 n + 23 n + 23 = 50k k
n = 50k 23 k = 1 n = 27
) ( a ; b ) = ( 300;350
a = 300 = 6 50 b = 350 = 7 50 6 7 PGCD (a ; b ) = 50
2a 2 + b 2 = 20992
)' ( a '; b ' b = 16b ' , a = 16a ' a ' b
82
PGCD ( a ; b ) = 16
2a '2 + b '2 = 82 ) b '2 = 2 ( 41 a '2 a '2 < 41
2
16 25 36
a '2
b '2 80 74 64 50 32 10
)' ( a '; b ) ( 3,8 )( a ;b ) = ( 48,128
a 83 b . PGCD ( a ; b ) = d
)' ( a '; b 2 ' b = db ' , a = da ' a ' b ab + 5d 2 = 35d
35
d 2 ( a ' b '+ 5 ) = 35d d ( a 'b '+ 5 ) = 35 d 35 5
d
d = 35 d = 7 a 'b ' 0
d = 1 a 'b ' = 30 30 = 2 3 5
30 {1, 2,3,5, 6,10,15,30} : :
})( 6,5) ; (10,3) ; (15, 2 ) ; ( 30,1
= ' a 'b 351,5, 7,35 :
; ) ( a '; b ') {(1,30 ) ; ( 2,15) ; ( 3,10 ) ; ( 5, 6
d = 5 a 'b ' = 2 }) ( a ';b ') {(1, 2 ) ; ( 2,1 }). ( a ;b ) {( 5,10 ) ; (10,5
. ( a ; b ) {(1,30 ) ; ( 2,15) ; ( 3,10 ) ; ( 5, 6 ) ; ( 6,5 ) ; (10,3) ; (15, 2 ) ; ( 30,1) ; ( 5,10 ) ; (10;5 )} :

(1 84 d b a 4a , 5b , 7a 3b d , 7a 5b
4a 3b , 5b 7a 3b 4a d x . y
d x y 3x , 7 y , 4x 5 y d
4x 7 y 3x 5 y
4x 7 y = 4 ( 7a 5b ) 7 ( 4a 3b ) = b 3x 5 y = 3 ( 7a 5b ) 5 ( 4a 3b ) = a
d . b a
: b a x y
) . PGCD ( x ; y ) = PGCD ( x ; y ) = PGCD ( a ; b
( 7 5 )( 4 3 ) = 1300
(1)...
(2
PGCD ( ; ) = 5
x = 7 5 : . y = 4 3 (1 = 3x 5 y = 4x 7 y
xy = 1300
. PGCD ( x ; y ) = PGCD ( ; ) = 5 ) (1
PGCD ( x ; y ) = 5
PGCD ( x ; y ) = 5 ' x ' y ' x ' y ' x = 5x ' y = 5 y
25x ' y ' = 1300 x ' y ' = 52

2
52 = 2 13 26 , 13 , 4 , 2 , 1 52
x ' -52 -13 -2 -1
1
2
13 52
y ' -1 -2 -13 -52 52 13 2 1
x -260 -65 -10 -5
5
10 65 260
y
-5 -10 -65 -260 260 65 10 5
145 755
-755 -145 295 1285 -1285 -295
190 1005
-1005 -190 415 1800 -1800 -415
})( ; ) {( 295, 415) ; (1285,1800 ) ; (145,190 ) ; ( 755,1005

a b .
85 88 n
a = n + 3 85 . b = 2n + 7
d a b 2a b 2a b 2a = 1 : d 1 . d = 1
a = 3n + 4 86 . b = 8n + 11
d a b 8a 3b 3b 8a 3b 8a = 1 : d 1 . d = 1
a = 9n + 7 87 . b = 5n + 4
d a b 5a 9b 9b 5a 9b 5a = 1 : d 1 . d = 1
a = 7 n 2 + 2 88 . b = 4n 2 + 1
d a b 4a 7b 4a 7b 4a 7b = 1 : d 1 . d = 1
n 89 .
(1 PGCD ( 2n 1;9n + 4 ) = d d ) ( 9n + 4 ) ( 2n 1 d ) 2 ( 9n + 4
) 9 ( 2n 1 d )2 ( 9n + 4 ) 9 ( 2n 1
2 ( 9n + 4 ) 9 ( 2n 1) = 17 d 17 d = 1 . d = 17
(2 PGCD ( 2n 1;9n + 4 ) = 17 17 ) ( 9n + 4 ) ( 2n 1 17 )4 ( 2n 1
17 . ( 9n + 4 ) 4 ( 2n 1) = n + 8
(3 PGCD ( 2n 1;9n + 4 ) = 17 17 n + 8 n = 17 8 .
, n = 17 8
9n + 4 = 9 (17 8) + 4 = 9 17 68 2n 1 = 2 (17 8 ) 1 = 2 17 17
9n + 4 = 17 ( 9 4 ) : )2n 1 = 17 ( 2 1
PGCD ( 2 1;9 4 ) = ) ( 2 1 ) ( 9 4 )9 ( 2 1
) 2 ( 9 4 )2 ( 9 4 ) 9 ( 2 1
1 . = 1
9n + 4 = 17 ( 9 4 ) , PGCD ( 2 1;9 4 ) = 1 ) 2n 1 = 17 ( 2 1
. PGCD ( 2n 1;9n + 4 ) = 17
n = 17 8 : . PGCD ( 2n 1;9n + 4 ) = 17
n 90 .
b = n + 2 , a = 5n 2 + 14n + 14 . c = 5n + 3
(1 ) 5n 2 + 14n + 8 = ( n + 2 )( 5n + 4 b . 5n 2 + 14n + 8
b (2 a b ) a ( 5n 2 + 14n + 8 b . 6
b 6 b 5n 2 + 14n + 8 5n 2 + 14n + 8 + 6 b
. a
b : a b . 6
b (3 6 n + 2 = 1 n + 2 = 2 n + 2 = 3 n + 2 = 6 n = 0 n = 1 . n = 4
} n {0,1, 4 b 6 b a a b . 0
n = 2 a = 62 b = 4 . 2
n = 3 a = 101 b = 5 . 1
n > 4 b > 6 a = bc + 6 a b . 6
c = 5n + 3
n = 0 a = 14 c = 3 a c . 2
c > 6 n a = cb + 6 a c . 6
n {1} (1 91 a = 3n + 5 : . b = n 1
a 3b = 3n + 5 3n + 3 = 8 a = 3b + 8
a a
8
b 8
. = 3+
b b
b
b {8; 4; 2; 1;1; 2; 4;8} : }n {7; 3; 1;0; 2;3;5;9
(2 n .
d . PGCD ( a ; b ) = d a b 3b a 3b d . 8
n = 8k d n d n b d 1 . d = 1
n = 8k + 1 ) a = 8 ( 3k + 1 b = 8k 8 d d 8 . d = 8
n = 8k + 2 a = 24k + 11 b = 8k + 1 d , 8 a b . d = 1
n = 8k + 3 ) a = 2 (12k + 7 ) b = 2 ( 4k + 1 ) d ' d ' = PGCD (12k + 7; 4k + 1
) 3 ( 4k + 1 ) 12k + 7 3 ( 4k + 1 4 ' d 4k 4k + 1 1
d ' = 1 . d = PGCD ( a ; b ) = 2
n = 8k + 4 a = 24k + 17 b = 8k + 3
a b d 8 . d = 1
n = 8k + 5 ) a = 4 ( 3k + 5 ) b = 4 ( 2k + 1 d = 8 2k + 1 2
. d = 4
n = 8k + 6 a = 24k + 23 b = 8k + 5 a b d 8 d = 1
n = 8k + 7 ) b = 2 ( 4k + 3) a = 2 ( 8k + 13 2k + 3 , d = 8 d = 4
2k + 3 2 . d = 2
n (1 92 = n 2 + n . = n + 2
PGCD ( ; ) = d ' PGCD ( n ; ) = d

d n n n d ' . PGCD ( n ; ) = d
d ' : n ) n ( n + 1 ' d . PGCD ( ; ) = d
d ' d ' d d ' d = d
) . PGCD ( ; ) = PGCD ( n ;
d n + 2 n 2 PGCD ( ; ) = 2 . PGCD ( ; ) = 1
(2 ) a = 3n 3 + 5n 2 + 2n = ( 3n + 2 ) ( n 2 + n
) b = 3n 2 + 8n + 4 = ( 3n + 2 )( n + 2
) ( 3n + 2 a . b
) a = ( 3n + 2 ) . b = ( 3n + 2
n d 2 d = PGCD ( ; ) = 1
) . PGCD ( a ; b ) = ( 3n + 2
n d = 2
' ' ' = 2 ' = 2 ' a = 2 ( 3n + 2 )

' b = 2 ( 3n + 2 ) ) PGCD ( a ;b ) = 2 ( 3n + 2
PGCD ( a ; b ) = 41 PGCD ( a ; b ) = 2 ( 3n + 2 ) = 41
PGCD ( a ; b ) = ( 3n + 2 ) = 41 n = 13 = 182 . = 15
n 93 a = 9n + 1 : b = 9n 1
a b = 2 (1 ) PGCD ( a ; b a b ) PGCD ( a ; b 2 1 . 2
n a b . PGCD ( a ; b ) = 1
n a b 2 . PGCD ( a ; b ) = 2
81n 2 1 = ( 9n + 1)( 9n 1) = ab (3 n PGCD ( a ; b ) = 2 a = 2k
' b = 2k p gcd ( k ; k ' ) = 1 ' ab = 4kk " 81n 2 1 = 4k 81n 2 = 4k "+ 1
81n 2 4 . 1

n . s n = 13 + 23 + ... + n 3 :
:
PGCD ( a ; b ) = 1 . PGCD ( a 2 ; b 2 ) = 1
1(1 + 1)
1(1 + 1)
3
s n = 1 = 1 (1 = 1

2
2
2
s 1 = .
( k + 1)( k + 2 )
k ( k + 1)
. s k +1 =
s k = k

2
2
k ( k + 1)
3
s k +1 = s k + ( k + 1) =
) + ( k + 1
2
2
2
3
+ 1) ( k + 2 ) ( k + 1)( k + 2 )
) ( k + 1) ( k 2 + 4k + 4
)k 2 ( k + 1) + 4 ( k + 1
=
=
= s k +1
4
2
4
4
(k
=
. s k +1
n ( n + 1)
. sn =
n
2
k (2 k + 1 . PGCD ( k ; k + 1) = 1
2
2k ( 2k + 1)
=
k ,
2
s 2k
2
( 2k + 1)( 2k + 2 )
2
s 2 k +1 =
) s 2 k = k ( 2k + 1
2
)= ( 2k + 1) ( k + 1
2
2 k +1
. s PGCD ( k ; k + 1) = 1 ) = 1
)PGCD k 2 ; ( k + 1
PGCD ( s 2 k ; s 2 k +1 ) = ( 2k + 1) :
2
PGCD ( 2k + 1; 2k + 3) (3 2 PGCD ( 2k + 1; 2k + 3) = 1
. PGCD ( 2k + 1; 2k + 3) = 1
a 97 .
(1 a 9 + a 2 = 2n : n . 4
a 2 a 2 2n a 2 2 9
a .
a a 2 4 1 a 2 = 4k + 1 k
9 + 4k + 1 = 2n . 10 = 2 n 4k 4 2n n 4 4 2 n 4k 4
10 . .
(2 a 9 + a 2 = 3n : n . 3
32 1 = 8 8 4 . k 32 k 1
4 32 k 1 = 4P . p
1 = 32 k + 2 1 = 9 32 k 1 = 9 ( 4 p + 1) 1
(3
)2 k +1
) 32( k +1) 1 = 36 p + 8 = 4 ( 9 p + 2 32( k +1) 1 , 4

32 n 1 , n . 4
32 n = 4k + 1 k 3 32 n = 4 ( 3k ) + 3 32 n +1 = 4k '+ 3 ' k .
32 n 32 n +1 4 1 3 .
n 3n 4 1
n 3n 4 3 . 2
9 + a 2 = 3n a a 2 = 4k + 1 k n
3n = 4k '+ 1
9 = 4 ( k ' k n 3n = 4k '+ 3 ) 7 = 4 ( k ' k
, a a a = 2m
3n = 9 + a 2 = 4(m + 2) + 1 3n 4 1 n
) . 32 p a 2 = ( 3 p a )( 3 p + a
9 + a 2 = 3n a n n = 2 p a
) 9 = ( 3 p a )( 3 p + a a.
9 3 1 9 :
)a
)+ a
2a
p
p
(3
(3
a
0 4
4
n
a = 0 9 = 3 n = 2 n 3
a = 4 a = 4 25 = 3n .
(3 a 9 + a 2 = 5n : n . 2
n = 2 p + 1 5n = 5 52 p 5 p 3 1 2 52 p
3 1 5n 3 .2
a = 3k 9 + a 2 3 .0
a = 3k + 1 a = 3k + 2 9 + a 2 3 1 a
9 + a 2 3 0 1 a . 9 + a 2 = 5n
n n = 2 p ) 9 = 52 p a 2 = ( 5 p a )( 5 p + a
5 p + a = 9 5 p a = 1 2 5 p = 10 a = 9 5 p p = 1 a = 4
(1 98 d a p 1 a p +1 1 a p +1 a p d ). a p ( a 1
PGCD 4 p +1 1, 4 p 1 = D D = 4i D = 3 D = 3 4i } i {0,1,..., p
D D = 1 . D = 3
(2 u 3 = 21 u 2 = 5 . p gcd ( 5; 21) = 1
. u n +1 = 4u n + 1 n
u n n .
. PGCD (u n +1 , u n ) = 1
1
4
(3 n v n +1 = u n +1 + = 4u n +
3
3
1 4
1 4
v n +1 = 4 v n + = 4v n ) (v n 4 = . v 0 = u 0 +
3 3
3 3
n +1
4
1 4 1
4
= u n = 4n
v n = 4n
3
3
3
3
n +2
n +1
4 1 = 3u n 4 1 = 3u n +1 (2 PGCD (u n +1 , u n ) = 1
. PGCD ( 4 n + 2 1, 4 n +1 1) = 3
E ... x 2 + y 2 = 4 (1 99
( 2 x )( 2 + x ) = y 2
2 x > 0 x = 1 y 2 = 3
y . E
(2 x y x = 2n y = 2m ) p 2 = 2 ( n 2 + m 2 2 p 2
p p p 2 p .
x y x = 2n + 1 y = 2m + 1 )p = 2 ( 2n + 2n + 2m + 2m + 1
2
x y .
p x x = kp ) y 2 = p 2 (1 k 2 k = 1 k = 0 x = 0
y = 0 x y
p y
p x . y
PGCD ( x 2 , y 2 ) = d d
x + y d . p
2
d = 1 d = p d = p 2 p x y d p d p 2 . d = 1
(3 v 2 ) + ( 2uv ) = u 4 + v 4 2u 2v 2 + 4u 2v 2
2
(u
) (u 2 v 2 ) + ( 2uv ) = p 2 (u 2 v 2 ) + ( 2uv ) = u 4 + v 4 + 2u 2v 2 = (u 2 + v 2 .
2
p = 5 p = 12 + 22 ) ( 3, 4 E
p = 13 p = 32 + 22 ) ( 5,12 . E
(4 p = 3 u 2 + v 2 = 3 u 2 = 3 v 2 v 2 < 3 v = 1
u 2 = 2 2 3 .
x 2 + y 2 = 9 y 2 = 9 x 2 x 2 = 1 x 2 = 4 y 2 = 8 y 2 = 5 8 5
p = 7 u 2 + v 2 = 7 u 2 = 7 v 2 v 2 < 7 v = 1 v = 2
u 2 = 6 u 2 = 3 6 3 7 .
x 2 + y 2 = 49 y 2 = 49 x 2 x 2 = 1 x 2 = 4 x 2 = 9 x 2 = 16 x 2 = 25
x 2 = 36 y 2 = 48 y 2 = 45 y 2 = 40 y 2 = 33 y 2 = 24 y 2 = 13 y
.
M 0 ( x 0 ; y 0 ) (1 100 ) M 0 (1;8 5 (1) 8 + 3 = 0 ) ( . M 0
) ( M k . 5x k y k + 3 = 0
) ( . M k +1
35
5
5x k +1 = 3 x k + 3 y k + 5
5x k +1 y k +1 = 5x k y k 5x k +1 y k +1 + 3 = 5x k y k + 3
20
8
y = x y 5
k
k
k +1
3
3
5x k +1 y k +1 + 3 = 0 ) ( M k +1
. M n ( ) n
n M n ( ) 5x n y n + 3 = 0 5x n + 3 = y n
7
1
x n + ( 5x n + 3) + 1
3
3
x 0 = 1 (2 x 0 x k 4x k ( 4x k + 2 ) . x k +1
= x n +1 . x n +1 = 4x n + 2
. x n n
5x n + 3 = y n x n ( 5x n + 3) . y n
PGCD ( x n ; y n ) = d (3 x y x n = dx
. y n = dy ) ( x n ; y n ) ( 5x n y n + 3 = 0 d ( 5x y ) + 3 = 0
) 3 = d ( y 5x d 3 }. d {1;3
5
2 5 2
x 0 = 40 = = 1 (4 .
3
3 3 3
5
2
5
2
x k = 4k . x k +1 = 4 k +1
3
3
3
3
5
8
5
2
2
5
. x k +1 = 4k +1 + 2 = 4k +1 x k +1 = 4x k + 2 = 4 4k + 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
2
. x n = 4n
, n
3
3
3x n = 5 4n 2 3 . 5 4n 2 2 4n 2 5 4n
2 5 4n 2 2 3 5 4n 2 6 . 5 4n 2

"c !"+ +
(1 101 r = 5
(2 . 46 = 13 3 + 7
(3 . 70 = 11 6 + 4
(1 102 ) PGCD ( a ;12 1 3
a 12b = 15 a 12 (b + 1) = 3
) PGCD ( a ;12 . 3
(2 a
a = 2835 = 34 5 7 = 81 45 81 45 .
4487
7 641
52 641
= 4 2
=
(3 F 15
14175 3 5 7 ( 3 5 ) 4
103 . PGCD ( n ; n + 1) = 1
N ]0c
(1 104 (2 . (3 ..
(4.
(5.
(1 105 (2 ..
.
(1
106
(6.
(3 (4 . (5 ..
(2 (3 ..
(4 (5 ..
(6.
(6.
=F

/ :
:- * i6
/.5j(
(R
: - *) P 1 ' # " ." # A67 4
.23
)6 63 @ : S1<3 #T U4'1 -.

/ :
>?3 : #7 1.R

: -
./ :

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:

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: - *) (' " 6 " #.
../ :

/ :
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: - .
../ :

% :P
%2I.
/ :
'2 63 :
(R 10 9 5 4 3 2j(
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#3 @ : )@2 )6 @ 'R U.X Y4
../ :
"V+ &I
/ :
>?3 :
6.
9
#3 @ : )@2 )6 @ 'R U.X Y4
./ :
& !+E +
ax + by = c X
/ :
>?3 : )a69 . ax + by = c )@-

: - .X Y4
./ :

1
2\ \ %.
1 45 3 = 42 = 7 6 ] . 45 3 [ 7
152 2 = 150 = 3 50 ]. 152 2 [3
4 29 ( 1) = 30 = 6 5 ]. 29 1[ 6
137 ( 3) = 140 = 5 28 . 137 3[5] U
) 13 2 = 15 = 5 ( 3 . 13 2 [5] U
) 17 ( 7 ) = 10 = 10 ( 1 17 7 [10] U
37 x [ 4] 2 37 x = 4k k
x = 37 4k x = 37 4 2 = 29 x = 37 4 = 33 x = 37
x = 37 4 ( 2 ) = 45 x = 37 4 ( 1) = 42
k = 9 x = 1 . 4
n 4 [ 7 ] 3 n = 7 k + 4 . k
4
26
k
0 n 30 0 7 k + 4 30
7
7
k } k {0,1, 2,3 }. n {4,11,18, 25
n 140 [12] 4 ] 140 8 [12 ]n 8 [12

0 8 < 12 8 n . 12
x 2 [ 7 ] 5:
] x + 5 7 [ 7 ]x + 5 0 [ 7
] x 5 3[ 7 ]x 5 4 [ 7
] 9x 18 [ 7 ]9x 4 [ 7
] 15x 30 [ 7 ] 15x 5 [ 7
] x 2 [ 7 ] x 3 8 [ 7 ]. x 3 1[ 7
6 ] 46 0 [ n 46 = kn k n 46 n 2 }. n {2, 23, 46
] 10 1[ n 9 = kn k n 9 n 2 }. n {3,9
] 27 5 [ n 22 = kn k n 22 n 2 }. n {2,11, 22
a b [ n ] 7 a b = kn k am bm = knm ] . am bm [ nm
8 ] B b 0 [ n ] A a 0 [ n ] C c 0 [ n ] B b [ n ] A a [ n ] C c [ n
] ABC abc [ n ] . ABC abc 0 [ n
] n 0 [ m n = km . k
] a b [ n a b = k ' n . k '
a b = k ' km ] . a b [ m
30757 7 [10] (1 10 ] 15163 3[10] . a 7 [10 ] 12924 4 [10] . b 3[10

]. c 4 [10
(2 ] a + b + c 7 + 3 + 4 [10 ]. a + b + c 4 [10
] a b + c 7 3 + 4 [10 ]. a b + c 8 [10
] a + b c 7 + 3 4 [10 ]. a + b c 6 [10
] abc 7 3 4 [10 ]. abc 4 [10
]ab + ac + bc 7 3 + 7 4 + 4 3[10
]. ab + ac + bc 1[10
] a 2 + b 2 + c 2 49 + 9 + 16 [10 ]. a 2 + b 2 + c 2 4 [10
11 n 0 n < 24
] n 3 + 112 [ 24 ] n 115 [ 24 ] n 19 [ 24 19 .
] n 3 163[ 24 ] n 160 [ 24 ] n 8 [ 24 .
12 ] 15123 3[5 M . D
] 15132 3[5 M . D
12 2 [5] 13 ] 124 24 [ 5 ]124 16 [5

] 16 1[5 ]1527 = 4 381 + 3 . 124 1[5
123
381
) 121527 = 12 4381+3 = (12 4 ] 121527 1381 23 [5 ]. 121527 3[5
371 1[5] 14 ]. 371238 1[5

] 579 1[5 ]. 5792008 1[5
] 1429 1[5 ] 14292009 1[5 ] 1 4 [5 ]. 14292009 4 [5

] 1954 1[5 ]. 19541962 1[5
1754 1[9] # 15 ]. 175412 1[9
34572 3[9] # ] 34572457 3457 [9
3457 = 3 3456 = 3 9228 ] 3457 0 [9 ]. 34572457 0 [9
375 3[9] # ][9

2009
) ( 3 ]. 3752009 0 [9
] 0 [9
16 ] 4 1[5 ]42003 12003 [5
] 3 2 [5 ]32003 22003 [5
]. 32003 + 22003 0 [5
2009
) 3752009 ( 3 = 3 91004
21004
)= 3 ( 3
]. 42003 + 12003 0 [5
2009
) ( 3
]12003 + 22003 + 32003 + 42003 0 [ 5
] 6 1[ 7 ] 62007 12007 [ 7 ] . 62007 + 12007 0 [ 7
] 5 2 [ 7 ] 52007 22007 [ 7 ] 52007 + 22007 0 [ 7 ] 4 3[ 7 ] 42007 32007 [ 7

] 42007 + 32007 0 [ 7 ]. 12007 + 22007 + 32007 + 42007 + 52007 + 62007 0 [ 7
] 1 8 [9 ] 7 2 [9 ] 3 6 [9 ]. 5 4 [9
] 12008 82008 [9 ] 72008 22008 [9 ] 32008 62008 [ 9 ]. 52008 42008 [9
] 12008 82008 [9 ] 72008 22008 [9 ] 32008 62008 [ 9 ]. 52008 42008 [9
12008 2 2008 + 32008 4 2008
]+52008 62008 + 7 2008 82008 0 [9
17 42 n +1 0 [ 4] n 22 n +1 = 2 4n ] 22 n +1 0 [ 4 ] 3 1[ 4
] 32 n +1 12 n +1 [ 4 ] 12 n +1 + 32 n +1 0 [ 4
]. 12 n +1 + 22 n +1 + 32 n +1 + 42 n +1 0 [ 4
18 7254 18 9 ] 7254 0 [9 ]. 7254n 0 [9
3532 ] 3532 0 [ 2 ]. 3532n 0 [ 2

] 1785 0 [5 ]. 1785n 0 [5
] 51502 0 [11 ]. 51502n 0 [11
3286 6 [10] (1 19 ] 3286374 6374 [10 6n 6 [10] n
] 6374 6 [10 ]. 3286374 6 [10
76 4 [12] (2 4n 4 [12] n
] 4784 4 [12 ]. 76784 4 [12
(1 20 n 32 n = 9n , ] 9 2 [ 7 ] 9n 2n [ 7 ] . 32 n 2n [ 7
. 32 n 2n 0 [ 7] ,
(2 n 3 1 , 0 2 n 3 n = 3 p + 1 n = 3 p + 2
. p
22 n + 2n + 1 = 26 p + 2 + 23 p +1 + 1 , n = 3 p + 1
. 22 n + 2n + 1 = 4 82 p + 2 8 p + 1 ] 8 1[ 7 8 p 1[ 7] , p ]. 82 p 1[ 7
] 22 n + 2n + 1 7 [ 7 ]22 n + 2n + 1 0 [ 7
22 n + 2n + 1 = 26 p + 4 + 23 p + 2 + 1 , n = 3 p + 2
. 22 n + 2n + 1 = 2 82 p +1 + 4 8 p + 1 8 p 1[ 7] , p ]. 82 p +1 1[ 7
] 22 n + 2n + 1 7 [ 7 ]22 n + 2n + 1 0 [ 7
21 n .
33 = 27 (1 ] 33 2 [5 ] 33 n 2n [5 ] 33 n + 2 9 2n [5 ]33 n + 2 4 2n [5
2n + 4 = 16 2 n ] 16 1[5 ]. 2n + 4 2n [ 5
] 33 n + 2 + 2n + 4 4 2n + 2n [5 ] 33 n + 2 + 2n + 4 5 2n [ 5 ]. 33 n + 2 + 2n + 4 0 [5
33 n 2n [5] (2 ]3 33n 3 2n [5
2n +1 = 2 2n ]33 n +1 + 2n +1 3 2n + 2 2n [5
] 33 n +1 + 2n +1 5 2n [5 ]33 n +1 + 2n +1 0 [5
10 1[9] 22 ] 9 0 [9 10n 1[ 9] n ]9n 0 [9
] ( 9n 1)10n + 1 11 + 1[9 ]. 0 [9
23 n .
26 = 64 (1 ] 64 13 [17 ] 26 13[17 ] 26 n 13n [17 ] 26 n +3 8 13n [17

34 = 81 ] 81 13[17 ] 34 13[17 ] 34 n 13n [17 ] . 34 n + 2 9 13n [17
] 26 n + 3 + 34 n + 2 8 13n + 9 13n [17 ] 26 n +3 + 34 n + 2 17 13n [17 ] . 26 n +3 + 34 n + 2 0 [17
25 n = ( 25 ) = 32n (2 ] 32 3[ 29 ] 25 n 3n [ 29 ]. 25 n +1 2 3n [ 29
n
3n +3 = 27 3n ] 25 n +1 + 3n +3 2 3n + 27 3n [ 29 ] 25 n +1 + 3n +3 29 3n [ 29
]. 25 n +1 + 3n +3 0 [ 29
(1 25 n 16 . 16
] n 1[16 ]. n 4 1[16
] n 3[16 ] n 4 34 [16 ]. n 4 1[16
] n 5 [16 ] n 2 ( 9 ) [16 ] n 2 1[16 ]. n 4 1[16

2
] n 7 [16 ] n 2 7 2 [16 ] n 2 1[16 ]. n 4 1[16
] n 9 [16 ] n 2 1[16 ]. n 4 1[16
] n 11[16 ] n 2 ( 5 ) [16 ] n 2 9 [16 ] n 4 92 [16 ]. n 2 1[16

2
] n 13[16 ] n 3[16 ] n 4 ( 3) [16 ]n 4 1[16

4
] n 15 [16 ] n 1[16 ]n 4 1[16

(2 n 5 3 , 2 , 1 , 0 4
r } {1, 2,3, 4 ] n r [5 n 5 ]n r [5
4
]44 1[5] , 34 1[5] , 24 1[5] , 14 1[5
} r 4 1[5] r {1, 2,3, 4 ]. n 4 1[5

x
]0 1 2 3 4 [ 5
26
5
] [ 2x 0 2 4 1 3
] 2x 3[ 5 ]. x 4 [5
27
]0 1 2 3 4 5 6 [7
]0 1 1 6 1 6 6 [7
n3
n3 + n 2 5 5 1 0 3 2 5
n
] n 3 + n 2 0 [ 7 ]. n 3[ 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (1 28
1 2 4 8 7 5 1
n
rn
(2 ] 26 1[9 . 26 p 1[9] p
] 26 p + k rk [9 }k {1, 2,3, 4,5

n = 6 p . rn = r0 = 1
n = 6 p + 1 . rn = r1 = 2
n = 6 p + 2 . rn = r2 = 4
n = 6 p + 3 . rn = r3 = 8
n = 6 p + 4 . rn = r4 = 7
n = 6 p + 5 . rn = r5 = 5
65 2 [9] (3 65n 2n [9] , n ] 2n rn [9 ]. 65n rn [9
2011 = 6 335 + 1 r2011 = r1 = 2 ]652011 2 [9

29 ]. 45 1[11
] 37 4 [11 ] 375 45 [11 ] 375 1[11 375 k 1[11] k
] 375 k +1 4 [11 ] 375 k + 2 5 [11 ] 375 k +3 9 [11 ]. 375 k + 4 3[11
2x = 3 y 30 ] 2x 0 [3 ] 4x 0 [3 ] x 0 [3 x = 3k . k
2 ( 3k ) = 3 y y = 2k ) ( x , y ) = ( 3k , 2k . k
2x 5 y = 1 31 2x = 5 y + 1 ] 2x 1[ 5 ] 6x 3[5 ] x 3 [5 x = 5k + 3
k 10k + 6 = 5 y + 1 5 y = 10k + 5 y = 2k + 1
) ( x , y ) = ( 5k + 3, 2k + 1 . k
x = 5 + 3
]x 3 [5
5 6 = 2 5 = 6 2 ] 5 2 [ 6

32
] x 1[ 6
x = 6 + 1
] 2 [ 6 ] 2 [ 6 = 6k + 2 k 5 ( 6k + 2 ) = 6 2
6 = 30k + 12 . = 5k + 2 x = 5 + 3 = 30k + 13 . k
] 3x 3 [ 6
]x 1[ 2
] 2x 2 [ 4
]. x 1[ 6

]2x 2 [ 6
] x 1[3
] 4x 1[3
2
"!
a = 12734 33
a = 10 + 2 10 + 7 10 2 + 3 10 + 4
b = 5723 b = 5 103 + 7 10 2 + 2 10 + 3
3
c = 503019 . c = 5 105 + 3 + 103 + 10 + 9
a = 234 = 2 62 + 3 6 + 4 34 b = 1523 = 64 + 5 63 + 2 6 + 3
. c = 503012 = 5 65 + 3 63 + 6 + 2
b = 5 7 2 + 2 7 = 520 . a = 73 + 2 7 2 + 3 7 + 5 = 1235 35 . c = 6 73 + 2 7 + 1 = 6021
. N a = 4a 5 + 2a 3 + a + 3 = 40213 36
37 x 7 . x = 7
2306 = 2 73 + 3 7 2 + 0 7 + 6 1035 = 73 + 0 7 2 + 3 7 + 5
7 = 1 22 + 1 2 + 1 = 111 4 = 1 22 + 0 2 + 0 = 100 2 = 1 2 + 0 = 10 38
. 33 = 1 25 + 1 = 10001
n = 26 + 25 + 23 + 2 2 + 1 = 109 39 . n = 2x 2 + x + 4
15
2x 2 + x + 4 = 109 2x 2 + x 105 = 0 x = 7
2
3
2
2003 = 21 43 40 x 5 ) 2x 3 + 3 = ( 2x + 1)( 4x + 3 x 5 2x 8x 10x = 0
. x = . 7
2x 2 8x 10 = 0 . x = 10
41 411 = 15 23 )4x 2 + x + 1 = ( x + 5)( 2x + 3

2x 2 12x 14 = 0 x 2 6x 7 = 0 x = 1 x = 7 . x = 7
2114 = 324 ( 2a + 1)( a + 4 ) = 3a 2 + 2a + 4 a 2 7a = 0 . a = 7
2888 = 412 31 ) 2888 = ( 4x 2 + x + 2 ) ( 3x + 1 12x 3 + 7 x 2 + 7 x = 2886
x 5 x = 5 ] 12x 3 + 7x 2 + 7x 0 [5 ] 2886 1[5 . x 5
12 63 + 7 62 + 7 6 = 2886 : . x = 6
42 x 2 + 6x + 2 = 7 x + 7 + 6x + 3 x > 7 x 2 7 x 8 = 0 . x = 8
77 63 = ( 7 8 + 7 )( 6 8 + 3) = 3213
3213 = 8 401 + 5 = 8 ( 8 ( 8 6 + 2 ) + 1) + 5
. 3213 = 6 83 + 2 82 + 8 + 5 = 6215
43 ( a + 2 )( 2a + 3) = 2a 2 + 7a + 6 . 12 23 = 276 . a > 7
541 = 22 32 ) 5x 2 + 4x + 1 = ( 2x + 2 )( 3x + 2 x 2 + 6x + 3 = 0 x = 3 + 6
x = 3 6 541 = 22 32
10 = 1 23 + 0 22 + 1 2 + 0 = 1010 44 100 = 64 + 32 + 4 = 26 + 25 + 22 100 = 1100101
72881 = 12 12 (12 (12 3 + 6 ) + 2 ) + 1 + 5 46 72881 = 3 124 + 6 123 + 2 122 + 1 12 + 5

72881 = 36215 12
75 < 72881 < 7 6 72881 = 4 75 + 2 7 4 + 2 73 + 3 7 2 + 2 7 + 4 72881 = 422324

. 3752 = 3 83 + 7 82 + 5 8 + 2 = 2026 47
6175 = 4523 6175 = 6 93 + 1 92 + 7 9 + 5 48 123 < 4523 < 124 :
4523 = 2 123 + 7 122 + 4 12 + 11 4523 = 274 . = 11
234 = 2 52 + 3 5 + 4 49 234 = 2 ( 7 2 ) + 3 ( 7 2 ) + 4 234 = 2 7 2 + 3 7 50

2
234 = 1 7 2 + 2 7 + 6 = 126
1040 = 53 + 4 5 = ( 7 2 ) + 20 1040 = 73 6 72 + 12 7 + 12 1040 = 2 7 2 + 6 7 + 5 = 265

3
a 2 = 1 a 2 + 0 a + 0 = 100 a = 1 a + 0 = 10 50 . a 3 = 1 a 3 + 0 a 2 + 0 a + 0 = 1000
51 A A = an an 1...a0 . 0 ai 9
A = an 10n + an 110 n 1 + ... + a0 10n 1[3] n

] A an + an 1 + ... + a0 [3 ] A S [3 ] A 0 [3 ]. S 0 [3
52 x = an an 1...a0 y = a0a1...an ] x an + an 1 + ... + a0 [9 ]y a0 + a1 + ... + an [9
]. x y 0 [9
+ 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 2
2 2 3
3 3 10
. 3 + 3 = 1 4 + 2 = 12
2
3
(1 53
2
3
3
10
10 11
11 12
4 = 1 4 + 0 = 10
111
(2
3223
+ 132
. 3223 + 132 = 10021
= 10 021
2
3
(1 54
0
0
2
3
10 12
12 21
3 3 = 2 4 + 1 = 21
0 1
0 0 0
1 0 1
2 0 2
3 0 3
. 3 + 3 = 1 4 + 2 = 12
2 2 2
3223
123
23001
(2
13112 . 3223 123 = 1203021

3223. .
1203021
213
14
431
3421
55
. 1412 132 + 230
244
4201
213.
4042
27
400
39 7 56
.
27 39 7 + 213
213
400
104.
41
1067

1
2\. \
57 ]. 2 2 [10] 2 6 [10] 2 8 [10] 2 4 [10] 2 2 [10] 20 1[10
3
) 6n 6 [10] n (
] 24 6 [10 24 p 6 p [10] p
] 24 p + 4 64 [10 ] 24 p + 4 6 [10 ] 24 p +1 2 [10 ] 24 p + 2 4 [10 ]24 p +3 8 [10

. 10
n = 0 20 = 1
n = 4k k 2n . 6
n = 4k + 1 k 2n . 2
n = 4k + 2 k 2n . 4
n = 4k + 3 k 2n . 8
4 ]35489 253431 89 431 [10
]. 35489 253431 227 262 [10
] 35489 253431 289 [10 89 = 4 22 + 1
] 289 2 [10 ]35489 253431 2 [10

35489 253431 . 2
512 = 2601 58 ] 512 = 1[100 ]= 1[100
) ( 512 ]512008 1[100
1004
1 . 0
59 a ] a 1[3 ] a 0 [3 ]. a 1[ 3
] x 0 [3 ] y 0 [3 ]xy ( x 2 y 2 ) 0 [3
] x 2 1[ 3] x 1[3] x 1[3
] x 1[3] x 1[3
2 ]x y 0 [3

] y 1[3] y 1[3] y 1[3
] y 1[3] y 1[3
]. xy ( x 2 y 2 ) 0 [3
2
n 3 + 3n 2 + 3n + 1 8 = ( n + 1) 8 60
3
] n 3 + 3n 2 + 3n 7 0 [8 ] 0 [8
][8
][8
][8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
1 0 3 0 5 0 7 0
)( n + 1
n
n +1
3
)( n + 1
] n 3 + 3n 2 + 3n 7 0 [8 ] n 1[8 ] n 3[8 ] n 5 [8 ]. n 7 [8
61 ] 26 1[9 26 p 1[9] p ] 26 p 1 0 [ 9 . n = 6 p
n = 6 p 1
2p
) A = 2 n 1 = ( 23 A = 82 p 1
65 ) N = ( n 2 1)( n 2 4
]0 1 2 3 4 [5
n
2
]0 1 4 4 1 [5
n
][5
]n 4 1 2 0 0 2 [5
]4 0 0 0 0 [5
N
4 0 3 3 0
n 2 1
2
] n 0 [5 ]N 0 [5
N = n ( 2n + 1)( 7n + 1) 66
]0 1 2 3 4 5 [6
n
]2n + 1 1 3 5 1 3 5 [6
]7 n + 1 1 2 3 4 5 0 [6
]0 0 0 0 0 0 [6
N
67 A = n 2 n + 1
] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 [7
n
2
] 0 1 4 2 2 3 1 [7
n
] 1 1 3 0 6 6 3 [7
A
] A 0 [ 7 ]. n 3[ 7
4 B = 27532 2753 + 1 n = 2753 ] n 2 [ 7 ] A 3[ 7 ] . B 3[ 7

A = 2n 3 n 2 + 2 68
] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 [7
n
] 0 1 4 2 2 4 1 [7
n2
3
] 0 1 1 6 1 6 6 [7
n
3
] 0 2 2 5 2 5 5 [7
2n
] 2 3 0 5 2 3 6 [7
A
] 2n 3 n 2 + 2 0 [ 7 ] n 2 [ 7
69 ] 43 1[ 7 43n 1[ 7 ] n ] 43n +1 4 [ 7 ]. 43n + 2 2 [ 7

8513n + 8512 n + 851n + 2 = N
] 851 4 [ 7 8513n 43 n [ 7] n ] 8513n 1[ 7 :
] N 42 n + 4n + 3[ 7 ] N 4n ( 4 n + 1) + 3 [ 7
][3
][7
][7
][7
70
0 1 2
1 4 2
2 5 3
5 2 1
4n
4n + 1
N
] 73 1[ 9 73k 1[9] k ] 73k +1 7 [9 ]. 73k + 2 4 [ 9
7 n + 3n 1 = A
n = 3k A = 73k + 9k 1 ] A 1 + 0 1[9 ]. A 0 [9
n = 3k + 1 A = 73k +1 + 9k + 2 ] A 7 + 0 + 2 [9 ]. A 0 [9
n = 3k + 2 A = 73k + 2 + 9k + 5 ] A 4 + 0 + 5 [9 ]. A 0 [9
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [8] 71
]3x 0 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 [8
] 3x 7 [8 ]. x 5 [8
8x 2 16 [3] 72 ]. 2x 2 1[3
x 3 2 1 0 ] x 2 0 [3 ] x 2 1[ 3 ]2x 2 0 [3
]2x 2 2 [3
x ] 2x 2 0 [3 ] 2x 2 2 [3 x
]. 2x 2 1[3
73 ] 23 1[ 7 23k 1[ 7 ] k ]23k + 2 4 [ 7 ] 23k +1 2 [ 7
] 36 1[ 7 36 k 1[ 7 ] k ] 36 k +3 6 [ 7] 36 k + 2 2 [ 7] 36 k +1 3[ 7
] 36 k + 4 4 [ 7 ]. 36 k +5 5 [ 7
]1 2 3 4 5 [ 6
]2 4 1 2 4 [ 7
]3 2 6 4 5 [ 7
]5 6 0 6 2 [ 7
0
1
1
2
] 2x + 3x 0 [ 7 ]. x 3 [ 6
n
2n
3n
2 n + 3n
. 55 1[11] 35 1[11] 74
] 5x 3x + 6 0 [11 ]5x 3x 5 [11

]0 1 2 3 4 [ 5
x
]1 5 3 4 9 [11
5x
]1 3 9 5 4 [11
3x
]5x 3x 0 2 5 10 5 [11
] 5x 3x 5 [11 ] x 2 [5 ]. x 4 [5
]4 [ 5
75
x 0 1 2 3
]1 [ 5
x2 0 1 4 4
x 2 5 y 2 = 3 x 2 = 5 y 2 + 3 ) ( x , y x 2 = 5 y 2 + 3
] x 2 3 [5 .
76
]0 1 2 3 4 5 6 [ 7
]y 3 0 1 1 6 1 1 6 [ 7
]2 y 3 0 2 2 5 2 2 5 [ 7
7 x 2 + 2 y 3 = 3 2 y 3 = 7 x 2 + 3 ) ( x , y 2 y 3 = 7 x 2 + 3
] 2 y 3 3[ 7 7 x 2 + 2 y 3 = 3 .
(1 77 x ] 3x 1[8 x ]. 3x 3[8
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [8] (2
]y 2 1 4 1 0 1 4 1 [ 8
(3 x ] 3x 3[8 ] y 2 + 8 3[8 ] y 2 3[8 .
x = 2n (4 ) 32 n y 2 = ( 3n y )( 3n + y ) 8 = ( 3n y )( 3n + y ) ( 3n + y . 8
3n + y 8 y . 3n 8
3n 8 (5 n = 0 n = 1 y 2 = 32 n 8 y 2 = 1 8 = 7 y 2 = 9 8 = 1
y = 1 x = 2n = 2 ). ( 2,1
(1 78 p 3 1 0 2 p ] p 1[ 3 ]p 2 [ 3
] p 1[ 3 ]. p 1[3
p (2 2 k p = 2k + 1
p 2 = 4k 2 + 4k + 1 )p 2 1 = 4k ( k + 1
)n = p 4 1 = ( p 2 1)( p 2 + 1
) p 2 + 1 = 4k 2 + 4k + 2 = 2 ( 2k 2 + 2k + 1 p 2 + 1 = 2 .
) k ( k + 1 k ( k + 1) = 2 . p 2 1 = 8
. n = ( p 2 1)( p 2 + 1) = 16
p
1 2 3 4 [5] (3
4
]1 1 1 1 [5
p
]0 0 0 0 [5
p 4 1
(1 79 ] 999 0 [111 ] 1000 1[111 . 1000n n [111] n
111 111 = 111 000 + 111 n = 111 ] n 0 [111 ] 1000n n [111

] 1000n 0 [111 ]. 1000n + n 0 [111
100 010 001 = 1000 10000 + 1 100 010 001 = 1000 00000 + 10000 + 1
100 010 001 = 1000 (1000 100 + 10 ) + 1
] 1000 100 + 10 100 + 10 [111 ] 1000 (1000 100 + 10 ) 110 [111
] 1000 (1000 100 + 10 ) + 1 111[111 ] 1000 (1000 100 + 10 ) + 1 0 [111 ]. 100 010 001 0 [111
. = 100 010 000 001
= 100 010 000 000 + 1 = 10002 (100 0 100 + 10 ) + 1 ] 100 + 10 + 1[111 ]. 0 [111
99999 0 [11 111] (2 ] . 100000 1[11 111 n = 100000
= 1 001 001 001 001 = 1 001 001 000 000 + 1000 + 1 = (1 001 000 0 + 10 ) n + 1000 + 1
= (1 000 000 0 + 1 000 0 + 10 ) n + 1000 + 1
= (1 00n + 1 000 0 + 10 ) n + 1000 + 1

] 10110 + 1001[11 111 ]. 0 [11 111] 11111[11 111
a = 8k + 2 (1 80 a = 104k '+ r 104k '+ r = 8k + 2 r = 8 ( k 13k ') + 2 ]r 2 [8
102
r = 8 + 2 8 + 2 < 104
8
a = 13k + 3 (2 a = 104k '+ r 104k '+ r = 13k + 3 r = 13 ( k 8k ') + 3 ]. r 3[13
< . < 12
101
r = 13 + 3 13 + 3 < 104
13
(3 (1 r (2 }r {16, 42, 68,94
< . <7
r 2

8
. 55 1[11] , 54 9 [11] , 53 4 [11] , 52 3[11] , 5 5 [11] (1 81
. r = 42
55 1[11] (2 . 55 p 1[11] , p
} k {1, 2,3, 4 ] 5k 55 p 5k [11 ]. 55 p + k 5k [11
]. 55 p + 4 54 [11] , 55 p +3 53 [11] , 55 p + 2 52 [11] , 55 p +1 5 [11

]. 55 p + 4 9 [11] , 55 p +3 4 [11] , 55 p + 2 3[11] , 55 p +1 5 [11
2008 = 5 401 + 3 , 1428 = 5 245 + 3 (3 ] 52008 51428 ( 4 4 ) [11 ]. 52008 51428 0 [11
35 5 [ 7] , 34 4 [ 7] , 33 6 [ 7 ] , 32 2 [ 7] , 3 3[ 7 ] (1 82 ]. 36 1[ 7
36 1[ 7] (2 36 P 1[ 7 ] , p
} k {1, 2,3, 4,5 ] 3k 36 P 3k [ 7 ] . 36 P + k 3k [ 7
] . 36 P +5 5 [ 7 ] , 36 P + 4 4 [ 7 ] , 36 P +3 6 [ 7 ] , 36 P + 2 2 [ 7 ] , 36 P +1 3[ 7
1988 = 6 331 + 2 (3 ] . 31988 2 [ 7
] 10 3[ 7 ] 101408 31408 [ 7 1408 = 6 234 + 4 ] 31408 4 [ 7 ]. 101408 4 [ 7

] 9 2 [ 7 . 93n + 2 23 n + 2 [ 7 ] , n
23n + 2 = 4 23n = 4 8n 4 8n 4 1[ 7] , n ]93n + 2 4 [ 7

] 31988 + 101408 + 93n + 2 ( 2 + 4 + 4 ) [ 7 ] 31988 + 101408 + 93n + 2 10 [ 7
]. 31988 + 101408 + 93n + 2 3[ 7
) ( 31988 + 101408 + 93n + 2 7 . 3

. 24 1[5] , 23 3[5] , 22 4 [5] , 2 2 [ 5] (1 83
24 1[5] : 24 p 1[5] , p
]. 24 p + 3 3[5] , 24 p + 2 4 [5] , 24 p +1 2 [ 5
] 3 2 [5 34 p 24 p [5] , p ]34 p 1[5
] 34 p + 2 9 [ 5] , 34 p +1 3[ 5 ] 34 p +3 27 [ 5] , 34 p + 2 4 [5 ]. 34 p +3 2 [5
n = 4p 4p +1 4p + 2 4p + 3 p
3
2
4
2n 1
][ 5
][ 5
3n
14 = 4 3 + 2 (2 ]. 214 4 [5
10 = 4 2 + 2 ]. 310 4 [5
2 34 n +1 24 n 2 3 1[5] (3 ]2 34 n +1 24 n 5 [ 5

] 5 0 [5 ]. 2 34 n +1 24 n 0 [5
5 2 [ 7] (1 84 ] 53 8 [ 7 ] 53 1[ 7 ] 56 1[ 7
56 k 1[ 7] , k
56 k +1 5 [ 7 ] :
] 56 k + 2 25 [ 7 ] 56 k + 2 4 [ 7
] 56 k +3 20 [ 7 ] 56 k +3 6 [ 7
] 56 k + 4 30 [ 7 ] 56 k + 4 2 [ 7
] 56 k +5 10 [ 7 ]. 56 k +5 3[ 7
6 1[ 7 ] (2 62 n ( 1) [ 7 ] , n ] . 62 n 1[ 7
2
5 n + 6 2 n + 3 ( 5 n + 4 ) [ 7 ] (3
] 5n + 62 n + 3 0 [ 7 ] 5n + 4 0 [ 7 ] 5n 4 [ 7 ] 5n 3[ 7 n = 5k + 6
. k
(1 85 2 4 = 16 ] 24 1[5 24 p 1[5] , p
], 24 p + 2 4 [5] , 24 p +1 2 [ 5
] 24 p + 3 8 [5 ]. 24 p + 3 3[5
(2 23 = 8 ] 23 1[ 7 23k 1[ 7 ] , k
]. 23k + 2 4 [ 7 ] , 23k +1 2 [ 7
4 p +2
] 4 [ 5
n = 4 p + 2
2
]3n 6 [12
]n 2 [ 4
]n 2 [12

3k + 2
(3
] 4 [7
]4n 8 [12
] n 2 [3
n = 3k + 2
2
] n 2 [12 n = 12m + 2 n = 3 ( 4m ) + 2 n = 4 ( 3m ) + 2
n
] 2 4 [5
. n
] 2 4 [ 7
( n 1) 86 3 n = 3k + 1 . k
1 + ( n 1) 2 n 7 ] 1 + ( n 1) 2n 0 [ 7 ] 1 + ( 3k ) 23 k +1 0 [ 7
] 1 + 3k ( 23 ) 2 0 [ 7 ] 1 + 6k 0 [ 7 ] k 1[ 7 ]k 1[ 7
k
n = 3k + 1 = 3 ( 7 p + 1) + 1 . n = 21p + 4
n = 21p + 4 n 1 = 21p + 3 ) ( n 1 3 ] n 1 3 [ 7
7 p +1
) 2 n = 221 p + 4 = 2 ( 23 ] 23 1[ 7 ] . 2n 2 [ 7 ] 1 + ( n 1) 2n (1 + 3 2 ) [ 7
]. 1 + ( n 1) 2n 0 [ 7
. 45 1[11] , 44 3 [11] , 43 9 [11] , 42 5 [11] , 4 4 [11] (1 88
45 p 1[11] , p ], 45 p +3 9 [11] , 45 p + 2 5 [11] , 45 p +1 4 [11

]. 45 p + 4 3[11
1995 4 [11] (2 ]. 1995n 4n [11
] 26 4 [11 ] 2610 n + 2 410 n + 2 [11 410 n + 2 = 45( 2 n ) + 2 = 45 p + 2 ] 410 n + 2 5 [11
]2610 n + 2 5 [11
] 6 1995n + 2610 n + 2 + 7 ( 6 4 n + 5 + 7 ) [11 ]6 1995n + 2610 n + 2 + 7 ( 6 4 n + 1) [11
] 6 1995n + 2610 n + 2 + 7 0 [11 ] 6 4n + 1 0 [11 ] 2 ( 6 4 n + 1) 0 [11
] 4n + 2 0 [11 ]4n 9 [11
n = 5 p + 3 . p
5 2 [ 7] (1 89 ] 5 1[ 7 ] 5 1[ 7 1[ 7 ] , p
3
5 :
6p
] . 56 p +5 3[ 7 ] , 56 p + 4 2 [ 7] , 56 p +3 6 [ 7] , 56 p + 2 4 [ 7] , 56 p +1 5 [ 7
(2 ] 26 5 [ 7 ]47 5 [ 7
266 n +5 56 n +5 [ 7 ] , n ] 4712 n + 2 56( 2 n )+ 2 [ 7 ]266 n +5 3[ 7
] . 4712 n + 2 4 [ 7
] 266 n +5 + 2 4712 n + 2 + 3 ( 3 + 2 4 + 3) [ 7 ] 266 n +5 + 2 4712 n + 2 + 3 14 [ 7
]. 266 n +5 + 2 4712 n + 2 + 3 0 [ 7
266 n +5 + 2 4712 n + 2 + 5n 0 [ 7 ] (3 ] 4 + 5n 0 [ 7 ] 3 ( 4 + 5n ) 0 [ 7 ] 12 + n 0 [ 7
] . n 2 [ 7
33 = 27 (1 90 ] 33 1[13 33 p 1[13] , p ], 33 p +1 3[13
]. 33 p + 2 9 [13
4 ( 3n +1 1) 0 [13] (2 ] 40 ( 3n +1 1) 0 [13 ] 3n +1 1 0 [13 ] 3n +1 1[13
]n + 1 0 [3
]. n 2 [3
16 2 [ 7 ] 91 ] 163 23 [ 7 ] 163 1[ 7 . 163 p 1[ 7 ] , p
n = 3 p ) 15 (16 n +1 1) = 15 (16 163 p 1 ] 15 (16 n +1 1) 1( 2 1 1) [ 7

] 15 (16 n +1 1) 1[ 7
n = 3 p + 1 ) 15 (16 n +1 1) = 15 (162 163 p 1 ] 15 (16 n +1 1) 1( 4 1 1) [ 7
] . 15 (16 n +1 1) 3 [ 7
n = 3 p + 2 ) 15 (16 n +1 1) = 15 (163 163 p 1 ] 15 (16 n +1 1) 1( 8 1 1) [ 7

] . 15 (16 n +1 1) 0 [ 7
(1 92 34 = 81 ] 34 1[10 34 p 1[10] , p
]34 p +3 7 [10] , 34 p + 2 9 [10] , 34 p +1 3 [10
92001 = 34002 = 341000 + 2 ] 63 92001 3 9 [10 ]. 63 92001 7 [10

] 7 3[10
][10
) 71422 ( 3 ] 71422 34355+ 2 [10 ]. 71422 9 [10
1422
] 63 92001 71422 ( 7 9 ) [10 ] 63 92001 71422 2 [10 ]. 63 92001 71422 8 [10

(2 3n 9 n = 3n 32 n = n 32 n +1
] 7 3[10
][10
2 n +1
) 7 2 n +1 ( 3 ]72 n +1 32 n +1 [10
]3n 9 n + 7 2 n +1 ( n 32 n +1 32 n +1 ) [10
]. 3n 9n + 72 n +1 ( n 1) 32 n +1 [10
] 3n 9n + 72 n +1 0 [10 ] ( n 1) 32 n +1 0 [10 ] 32 n +3 ( n 1) 32 n +1 0 [10

] ( n 1) 34 n + 4 0 [10 ] n 1 0 [10 ]. n 1[10
27 1[ 7 ] (1 93 ] 33 1[ 7 ] 36 1[ 7 36 k 1[ 7 ] , k
]. 36 k +5 5 [ 7] , 36 k + 4 4 [ 7] , 36 k +3 6 [ 7] , 36 k + 2 2 [ 7] , 36 k +1 3[ 7
] 64 1[ 7 ] 43 1[ 7 43 p 1[ 7] , p ] , 43 p +1 4 [ 7
] . 43 p + 2 2 [ 7
2006 4 [ 7] (2 ] 1424 3[ 7 20063n + 2 43n + 2 [ 7 ] , n ]14246 n +1 36 n +1 [ 7

] 20063n + 2 2 [ 7 ] 14246 n +1 3[ 7 ] 2 20063n + 2 + 14246 n +1 ( 2 2 + 3) [ 7
] . 2 20063n + 2 + 14246 n +1 0 [ 7
2 30 + 2 31 + ... + 2 3n = 2 ( 30 + 31 + ... + 3n ) (3
2 30 + 2 31 + ... + 2 3n = 3n +1 1
) 3 40 + 3 41 + ... + 3 4 n = 3 ( 40 + 41 + ... + 4n
3 40 + 3 41 + ... + 3 4 n = 4n +1 1 s n = u 0 + u 1 + ... + u n = 3n +1 + 4n +1 2
][ 6
0 1 2 3 4 5
][ 7
3 2 6 4 5 1
4 2 1 4 2 1
5 2 5 6 5 0
3n +1
4n +1
sn
49 1[10] (1 94 ] 72 1[10 ] 74 1[10 7 4 k 1[10] , k
]. 7 4 k +3 3 [10] , 74 k + 2 9 [10] , 7 4 k +1 7 [10
]. 74 k + 7 4 k +1 + 7 4 k + 2 + 74 k +3 = (1 + 7 + 9 + 3) [10
]. 74 k + 7 4 k +1 + 7 4 k + 2 + 7 4 k +3 = 0 [10
(2 S n = 1 + 7 + 7 2 + ... + 7 n , n
S n + 4 = S n + 7 n +1 + 7 n + 2 + 7 n +3 + 7 n + 4
) S n + 4 = S n + 7 n +1 (1 + 7 + 7 2 + 73
] 1 + 7 + 7 2 + 73 0 [10 . S n + 4 = S n [10] , n
S 0 1[10] , S 0 = 1 S 1 8 [10] , S 1 = 8 S 2 7 [10] , S 2 = 57 S 3 0 [10] , S 3 = 400

. S 4 1[10] , S 4 = 2801
. S 4 n 1[10] n
] . S 0 1[10 ]. S 4 p 1[10
S 4( p +1) = S 4 p + 4 ] S 4 p + 4 = S 4 p [10 ] S 4( p +1) 1[10
. S 4 n 1[10] n
S 4 n +1 = S 4 n + 7 4 n +1 ] S 4 n +1 1 + 7 [10 ]. S 4 n +1 8 [10
S 4 n + 2 = S 4 n +1 + 7 4 n + 2 ] S 4 n + 2 ( 8 + 9 ) [10 ]. S 4 n + 2 7 [10
S 4 n +3 = S 4 n + 2 + 7 4 n +3 ] S 4 n + 3 ( 7 + 3) [10 ]. S 4 n +3 0 [10
2 %2w
"!
95 0 < x < 7 yx = 10 y + x . 0 < y < 7 xy = 7 x + y 7 x + y = 10 y + x
6x = 9 y 2x = 3 y ] 2x 0 [3 ] 4x 0 [3 ] x 0 [3 x = 3 x = 6
) ( x , y ) = ( 3, 2
) ( x , y ) = ( 6, 4
96 . 0 y < 7 0 < z < 7 0 < x < 7 :

n = xyz = 7 2 x + 7 y + z n = zyx = 112 z + 11y + x 49x + 7 y + z = 121z + 11y + x :
48x 4 y 120z = 0 12x y 30z = 0 ) y = 12x 30z = 6 ( 2x 5z

] y 0 [ 6 0 y < 7 y = 0 y = 6
y = 0 6 ( 2x 5z ) = 0 2x = 5z ] 2x 0 [5 ] 6x 0 [5 ] x 0 [5
0 < x < 7 x = 5 . z = 2
y = 6 6 ( 2x 5z ) = 6 2x = 5z + 1 ] 2x 1[ 5 ] 6x 3[5 ] x 3 [5
0 < x < 7 x = 3 = 1
( x , y , z ) = ( 5, 0, 2 ) . z )( x , y , z ) = ( 3, 6,1
a > 6 97 b + c = 46 = 4a + 6 bc = 555 = 5a + 5a + 5
b c x 2 2 ( 2a + 3 ) x + ( 5a 2 + 5a + 5 ) = 0 x
2
) ' = ( 2a + 3) ( 5a 2 + 5a + 5 ' = a 2 + 7a + 4 = 49 + 16 = 65
2
7 65
7 + 65
a
' 0
2
2
x 2 2 (17 ) x + 285 = 0 ' = 4 x ' = 17 2 = 15 . x ' = 17 + 2 = 19
6 < a 7,53 . a = 7
1 a b c ) . ( a, b , c ) = ( 7,15,19 . abc = 1995

45x 28 y = 130 (1 98 ) 45x = 130 + 28 y = 2 ( 65 + 14 y ] 45x 0 [ 2 ]. x 0 [ 2
45x 28 y = 130 ) 28 y = 45x + 130 = 5 ( 9x + 26 ] 28 y 0 [5 ] 56 y 0 [5
]. y 0 [ 5
0 9 (2 0 7 n = 2 93 + 92 + 9 + 3 = 90 + 1461
. n = 5 73 + 7 2 + 7 + 6 = 56 + 1721
90 + 1461 = 56 + 1721 90 56 = 260 45 28 = 130
] 0 [ 2 ] 0 [5 0 7 = 0 . = 5
28
= 0 45 = 130
9
= 5 45 = 270 . = 6 . n = 90 + 1461 = 2001
= .
0 < y < 7 0 < x < 7 99 . 0 z < 7

N = 113 x + 112 y + 11z + x N = 1332x + 121y + 11z
N = 73 y + 7 2 y + 7 x + z N = 392 y + 7 x + z
1332x + 121y + 11z = 392 y + 7 x + z 1325x + 10z = 271y 5 ( 265x + 2z ) = 271y

] 271y 0 [5 ] y 0 [5 0 < y < 7 . y = 5
265x + 2z = 271 265x = 271 2z ] 265x = 271[ 2 ]x 1[ 2

0 < x < 7 x = 1 x = 3 . x = 5
x = 1 z = 3
x = 3 z
x = 5 z
). ( x , y , z ) = (1,5,3
n = 1271x = 94 + 2 93 + 7 92 + 9 + x 100
n 1 + 2 + 7 + 1 + x [8] (1 ]. n 3 + x [8
] n 0 [8 ] x + 3 0 [8 ] x 5 [8 0 x < 9 . x = 5
n = 1271x = 94 + 2 93 + 7 92 + 9 + x (2
n = 93 ( 9 + 2 ) + 7 92 + 9 + x ]n 4 + x [11
] n 0 [11 ] x + 4 0 [11 ] x 7 [11 0 x < 9 . x = 7
101
0 x 9 n = 27 x 85 y . 0 y 9 n = 2 105 + 7 104 + x 103 + 8 102 + 5 10 + y
] n 2 + 7 + x + 8 + 5 + y [3 ]n 2 + 7 x + 8 5 + y [11
] n x + 1 + y [3 ]n x + 8 + y [11
] n 0 [3 ] n 0 [11 ] x + 1 + y 0 [3 ] x + 8 + y 0 [11
] x + y 2 [3 ]. x y 8 [11
] x y 8 [11 ]x y 3[11
( x , y ) {( 0,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2,5) , ( 3, 6 ) , ( 4, 7 ) ,

})( 5,8 ) , ( 6,9 ) , ( 8, 0 ) , ( 9,1
] x + y 2 [3 }) ( x , y ) {(1, 4 ) , ( 4, 7 ) , (8, 0
n = 271854 n = 274857 . n = 278850
(1 102 ] 3x 0 [ 7 ] 3 5x 0 5 [ 7 ] 15 1[ 7 ]. x 0 [ 7
] x 0 [ 7 ] 3x 3 0 [ 7 ]. 3x 0 [ 7
N = an an 1...a1a0 (2 N = an 10n + an 110n 1 + ... + a110 + a0
N ' = an an 1...a1 N ' = an 10 n 1 + an 110n 2 + ... + a210 + a1

10N ' = an 10n + an 110n 1 + ... + a2102 + a110 N = 10N '+ a0
] N 0 [ 7 ] 10N '+ a0 0 [ 7 ] 3N ' 6a0 0 [ 7 ] 3 ( N ' 2a0 ) 0 [ 7

] N ' 2a0 0 [ 7 .
105154 0 [ 7 ] (3 ] 10515 8 0 [ 7 ] 10507 0 [ 7 ] 1050 14 0 [ 7
] 1036 0 [ 7 ] 103 12 0 [ 7 ] 91 0 [ 7 ] 9 2 0 [ 7 ] 7 0 [ 7
] 7 0 [ 7 ] . 105154 0 [ 7
] 263572 0 [ 7 ] 26357 4 0 [ 7 ] 26353 0 [ 7 ] 2635 6 0 [ 7 ] 2629 0 [ 7

] 262 18 0 [ 7 ] 244 0 [ 7 ] 24 8 0 [ 7 ] 16 0 [ 7 263572
. 7
+ ... + a110 + a0 (1 103
n 1
+ ... + a210 + a1 N = an 10 + an 110

n
n 2
+ an 110
n 1
. N ' = an 10
N 0 [13] . N = 10N '+ a0 ] 10N '+ a0 0 [13 ] 4 (10N '+ a0 ) 0 [13
] 40N '+ 4a0 0 [13 ] N '+ 4a0 0 [13 ]40 1[13
1631216 0 [13] (2 ] 163121 + 24 0 [13 ] 163144 0 [13 ] 16314 + 16 0 [13
] 16330 0 [13 ] 1633 0 [13 ] 163 + 12 0 [13 ] 175 0 [13 ]17 + 20 0 [13
] 37 0 [13 1631216 . 13
] 48662029 0 [13 ] 4866202 + 36 0 [13 ] 4866238 0 [13 ] 486623 + 32 0 [13

] 486655 0 [13 ] 48665 + 20 0 [13 ] 48685 0 [13 ] 4868 + 20 0 [13
] 4888 0 [13 ] 488 + 32 0 [13 ] 520 0 [13 ] 52 0 [13 ] 5 + 8 0 [13

] 13 0 [13 ]. 48662029 0 [13
. ( a 2 + a + 1)( a 2 a + 1) = a 4 + a 2 + 1 (1 105
(2 a 111 = a 2 + a + 1 . a > 1 10101 = 1 a 4 + 0 a 3 + 1 a 2 + 0 a + 1
10101 = a 4 + a 2 + 1 ) 10101 = ( a 2 + a + 1)( a 2 a + 1 ) 10101 = 111( a 2 a + 1 111
. 10101
a 2 a + 1 = ( a 1) a + 1 . a 2 a + 1 = a + 1 = 1
(1 106 a 11 = a + 1 )1001 = a 3 + 1 = ( a + 1) ( a 2 a + 1
) 1001 = 11( a 2 a + 1 1001 . 11

(2 . a 2 a + 1 = ( a 1) a + 1 = 1
1001 = 11 1 (3
10 1001 = 11 91
12 . 1 = 11 12 + 1 = 133 11 = 12 + 1 = 13 1001 = 123 + 1 = 1729

. 13 133 = 1729
(1 107 a ( a + 1) = a 3 + 3a 2 + 3a + 1 a > 3 a
3
. ( a + 1) = 1331
3
( a + 1) = ( a 3 + 3a 2 + 3a + 1) ( a + 1) (2 = a 4 + 4a 3 + 6a 2 + 4a + 1
4
)( a + 1
a > 6 . ( a + 1) = 14641 a
4
n 2 + 2 = ( n 2 + 1) + 1 = 11 (1 108 ) n 2 + 2n = ( n 2 + 1) + ( 2n 1) = 1( 2n 1
( n 2 + 2 ) = ( n 2 + 1) + 1 ( n 2 + 2 ) = ( n 2 + 1) + 2 ( n 2 + 1) + 1 = 121
2
n 4 = ( n 4 1) + 1 = ( n 2 1)( n 2 + 1) + 1 . n 4 = ( n 2 1)1
a = 5 . n = 2
n 2 + 2 = 6 . 11 = 5 + 1 = 6
n 2 + 2n = 8 . 1( 2n 1) = 5 + 3 = 8
( n 2 + 2 ) = 36 . 121 = 52 + 2 5 + 1 = 36
2
n 4 = 16 . ( n 2 1)1 = 3 5 + 1 = 16
a = 10 . n = 3
n 2 + 2 = 11 . 11 = 10 + 1 = 11
n 2 + 2n = 15 . 1( 2n 1) = 10 + 5 = 15
( n 2 + 2 ) = 121 . 121 = 121

2
n 4 = 81 . ( n 2 1)1 = 8 10 + 1 = 81
u = n ( n 2 + 2 ) = n ( a + 1) = na + n = nn (2
v = n 2 ( n 2 + 2 ) = n 2 ( a + 1) = n 2a + n 2 = n 2 n 2
x = u 2 = n 2 ( a + 1) = n 2a 2 + 2n 2a + n 2 x = ( a 1) a 2 + 2 ( a 1) a + n 2 = a 3 + a 2 2a + n 2
2
x = a 3 + ( a 2 ) a + n 2 = a 3 + ( n 2 1) a + n 2 . x = 10 ( n 2 1) n 2
y = v 2 = ( n 2a + n 2 ) = n 4a 2 + 2n 4a + n 4 ) y = ( a 1) a 2 + 2 ( a 1) a + ( a 1
2
y = a 4 2a 3 + a 2 + 2a 3 4a 2 + 2a + a 2 2a + 1 y = a 4 2a 2 + 1 = ( n 2 + 1) a 3 2a 2 + 1
y = a 4 2a 2 + 1 = n 2a 3 + a 2 ( a 2 ) + 1 y = a 4 2a 2 + 1 = n 2a 3 + a 2 ( n 2 1) + 1
. y = a 4 2a 2 + 1 = n 2 ( n 2 1) 01
(1 (I 109 a b ] a 0 [ 2 ] b 0 [ 2 ] a 2 0 [ 2 ]b 2 0 [ 2
] a 2 b 2 0 [ 2 ]. N 0 [ 2
a b ] a 1[ 2 ] b 1[ 2 ] a 2 1[ 2 ]b 2 1[ 2
] a 2 b 2 0 [ 2 ]N 0 [ 2
a b N N a
b .
N = a 2 b 2 = ( a b )( a + b ) (2 a b = p a + b = q . N = pq
(3 a b p q .
(1 x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [9] (II
]x 2 0 1 4 0 7 7 0 4 1 [ 9
]a 2 250507 a 2 1[9
]0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [ 9
b
]0 1 4 0 7 7 0 4 1 [ 9
b2
]a 2 250507 0 1 4 0 7 7 0 4 1 [9
]0 1 4 0 7 7 0 4 1 [ 9
a 2 1
]1 2 5 1 8 8 1 5 2 [ 9
a2
4 5 2 8 9 ] a 2 1[9
] a 1[ 9 ]. a 8 [9
(2 a 2 250507 = b 2 a 2 250507 0 a 250507 a 250507 a
a 250507 a 500,51 . a 501
a 2 250507 = 5012 250507 = 494 b 2 = 494 b = 22, 23 . a 501
(3 ] a 8 [9 ] 503 8 [9 ] 8 503[9 ]. a 503[9
] a 1[ 9 ] 505 1[9 ] 1 505 [9 ]. a 505 [9

a = 505 + 9k a 2 250507 = 81k 2 + 9090k+4518 b 2 = 81k 2 + 9090k+4518
) b 2 = 9 ( 9k 2 + 1010k+502
k = 0 b 2 = 4518 b = 3 502 .
k = 1 b 2 = 9 1521=117 2 b =117 k
) ( 505 + 9k , b ) ( E k = 1 ) . ( a, b ) = ( 514,117
a 2 250507 = b 2 (1 (III ) 250507 = a 2 b 2 = ( a b )( a + b . 250507 = 397 631
1
1
1 2 3 2 1 1 1 2
(2
631 397 234 163 71 21 8 5 3 2 1 0
. p gcd ( 631,397 ) = 1
110 I
(1 12 + 32 + 52 = 35 = 4 8 + 3 ] 12 + 32 + 52 3 [ 4 12 + 32 + 52 22 1 22
(2 . n = 3
r 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
R 0 1 4 1 0 1 4 1
R 2 R1 R 3 } {0,1, 4 . R1 + R 2 + R 3 0
y x z ]. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 7 [8
II . n 3
(1 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( 2n 1) 2n
( p + 1) 1
x + y + z = 2 p + 2 1 = 2
n
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 .
) . ( x + y + z ) = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 ( xy + xz + yz
2
) ( x + y + z x + y + z .
2
y x z .
(2 x y z .
y = 2k x = 2 p z = 2l + 1 y 2 = 4k x 2 = 4 p 2 z 2 = 4l 2 + 4l + 1 ] x 2 0 [ 4
] y 2 0 [ 4 ] z 2 1[ 4 ]. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 1[ 4
n 3 ] 2n 0 [ 4 2n = 4 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2n p + 2n 1 = 2n ( p + 1) 1
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 ( p + 1) 1 ] x 2 + y 2 + z 2 1[ 4 ] x 2 + y 2 + z 2 3[ 4
.
(3 y x z .
) k 2 + k = k ( k + 1 ]. k 2 + k 0 [ 2
t t = 2k + 1 t 2 = 4k 2 + 4k + 1 = 4 ( k 2 + k ) + 1
] k 2 + k 0 [ 2 ' k 2 + k 2k t 2 = 8k '+ 1 ]t 2 1[8
y x z . ] y 2 1[8] x 2 1[8 ] z 2 1[8 ]. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 3[8
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2n ( p + 1) 1 :
n 3 ] 2n 0 [8 ] x 2 + y 2 + z 2 1[8 ] x 2 + y 2 + z 2 7 [8
] x 2 + y 2 + z 2 3 [8
) ( x , y , z x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( 2n 1) 2n n 3 y x z
n = 2
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ( 2n 1) 2n
) (x , y , z

/ :
:
|> '- ^.';f
: - *) (' " |> '- ^6 ';f".
:
- : 1
(1(oa ' | ^ j^*|' k A 90k . 61Z
(2(oa ' | V j^*|' k A 95k .61Z
M 90 = {0,90,180, 270,...,1710,...,86310,86400} (3
M 95 = {0,95,190, 285,...,1710,...,86260,86355} (4
. M 90 M 95 = {0,1710,3420,...,83790,85500} (5
(6(oa 'f!

M 90 M 95
>m 6) 1710 (7()( .
(8
/3
6/ >m 6 25200s S()
/
6/ 3 >m >m 6 27000s S()
14, 73 k 15, 78 ! 25200 1710k 27000 A k v 61Z . k = 15
(
oa 26650s 7 16 40.
. t = 90u ( a (9
875
45000
.
= V m = 45Km / h kR';/ | D s = 70s
m / s = 12,5m / s (b
12, 5
3600
u ' ' | ^ j^*|' *: v t X v + 1 ' ' | V
j^*|' @ f U *: t + 70 X ). t + 70 = 95 (v + 1
90u 95v = 95 70 = 25 ! t + 70 = 95 (v + 1) t = 90u i6 (c . 18u 19v = 5
18u 19v = 5 = 95 90 = 19 5 18 5 (d18u + 18 5 = 19v + 19 5 6
). 18(u + 5) = 19(v + 5
(e u #R C 7 v t
6 ) 18(u + 5 19 19 ) 18(u + 5
18 18 ) (u + 5 19 )(u + 5
u + 5 = 19 : ) 18(u + 5) = 19(v + 5 v + 5 = 18
u = 19 5 v = 18 5 t = 90u = 90 (19 5) = 1710 450 .

25200 1710 450 27000 (f 15 16, 05 t = 1710 15 450 = 25200
t = 1710 16 450 = 26910 : 7 0 0 7 28 30.

/ :
>?3 : ^ ^

6.
9
: .
./ :

! [ :+!+
/ :
! >?3 : / X (6 6.

: )@2 )6 A:;7 4 .23
@ :13 >(F 4

(1 CD*.
/2 %
S
\ +
/ :
>?3 : ^ ^

.
#3 @ : )@2 )6 @ 'R U.X Y4
.6 :

1 $
. %
2 1429 2 3 5 1429 = 11 129 + 1429 = 7 204 +
1429 = 29 49 + 1429 = 23 62 + 1429 = 19 75 + 1429 = 17 84 + 1429 = 13 109 +
1429 = 41 34 + 1429 = 37 38 + 1429 = 31 46 + .13
1429 .
3 2 . 90
853 29, 2
853 29 23 19 17 13 11 7 5 3 2
853.
4 251 . 341 .
1023 .
7 n = 2 n + 7 = 9 .
n > 2 n n + 7 2 .
n 2 + 8n + 15 = ( n + 3)( n + 5 ) 15 .
17 173 13,15
173 13 11 7 5 3 2 173 .
x 2 y 2 = 173 ( x y )( x + y ) = 173
x y = 1 x + y = 173 ) ( x , y ) = ( 87,86
p + 1 p 1
. (x , y ) =
,
p x y = 1 . x + y = p
2
2
2
)$a2
"2 !
SN. -
28 . ppcm ( 26,12 ) = 156
. ppcm (18, 15 ) = 90
4 . ppcm ( 12, 13) = 156
. ppcm ( 230,128 ) = 14720
ppcm ( 876,1028) = 225132

9 13 27 + 65 92
23
* 29
+
=
=
=
140 84
420
420 105
82 19 1243
55
23 1091
. +
=
*
.
+
=
*
75 210 1050
195 216 2808
30 a :
ppcm ( a,56 ) = 392 p gcd ( a,56 ) = d

' 56 = db ' a = da . p gcd ( a ', b ') = 1
56a = 392d a = 7d p gcd ( 7, b ') = 1

56
p gcd 7, = 1 }d {7;14; 28;56
d
}. a {49;98;196;392
ppcm ( a,18 ) = 630 }. a {35;70; 210;315;630

31 ] n 3[35 ] n 3[ 28 ] n 3 0 [35 ] n 3 0 [ 28 n 3
35 . 28
n 3 ppcm ( 28,35) = 140

n . 143
a = 52 p + 7 = 64 p '+ 7 32 ' a 7 = 52 p = 64 p a 7 = ppmc ( 52, 64 ) = 832 . a = 839
n 33 p gcd ( n , 2n + 1) = 1 ). ppcm ( n , 2n + 1) = n ( 2n + 1
34 )ppcm ( 2n + 2, 4n + 2 ) = 2 ppcm ( n + 1, 2n + 1
p gcd ( n + 1, 2n + 1) = 1
) ppcm ( n + 1, 2n + 1) = ( n + 1)( 2n + 1
). ppcm ( 2n + 2, 4n + 2 ) = 2 ( n + 1)( 2n + 1
n 35 )a = ( 32 n 1)( 7 2 n 1
) a = ( 3n 1)( 3n + 1)( 7 n 1)( 7 n + 1
) a = b ( 3n 1)( 7 n 1 a b
. ppcm ( a, b ) = a
a + b = 60
p gcd ( a, b ) = d
40
ppcm ( a, b ) = 40
' b = db ' a = da . p gcd ( a ', b ') = 1
ab = 40d . a 'b ' d = 40
a + b = 60 . d ( a '+ b ') = 60
d p gcd ( 40, 60 ) = 20 }. d {1, 2, 4,5,10, 20
60
40
40
60
x+
= ' a 'b ' a ' b = 0
= ' a '+ b
d
d
d
d
' = 900 40d } d {1, 2, 4,5,10
'
x 2 dx 2 60x + 40 = 0
d = 20 ' = 100 x ' = 1 x " = 2
) ( a ', b ') = (1, 2 )( a ', b ') = ( 2,1
) ( a, b ) = ( 20, 40 ) . ( a, b ) = ( 40, 20
a b = 22932
d p gcd ( 22932,98280 ) = 3276
ppcm ( a, b ) = 98280
d {1, 2,3, 4, 6, 7,9,12,13,14,18, 21, 26, 28, 36, 39, 42,52, 63, 78,84, 91,117,126,156,182, 234,
}252, 273, 364, 468,546,819,1092,1638,3276
d = 3276 a = 32760 b = 9828
41 ) . ppcm ( a, b ) = 21 p gcd ( a, b
ab = md a 'b ' d = m a 'b ' = 21
}) ( a, b ) {(d , 21d ) ; ( 3d , 7d ) ; ( 7d ,3d ) ; ( 21d , d
. d
. ppcm ( a, b ) p gcd ( a, b ) = 187
m d = 187 d ( a 'b ' 1) = 187 = 11 17

} d {1,11,17,187
3 /+ [ % .
46 a = n 2a + b = 1 . b = 2n + 1
a = 2n + 3 3a + 2b = 1 . b = 3n + 5
47 11( 7n + 2 ) 7 (11n + 3) = 1 . PGCD (11n + 3, 7n + 2 ) = 1

. PGCD ( n , n 2 + 1) = 1
n 49 .
. ( n 3 + 1) = n 2 ( n 4 + 2n ) + 1 :
2
( n 3 + 1) n 2 ( n 4 + 2n ) = 1 = n 3 + 1 = n 2
2
n 3 + 1 n 4 + 2n .
4 /+ 4 % .
60 2 ) ( x , y = 1
(1) . . . 2045x 64 y
. PGCD ( 2045, 64 ) = 1 (1
(2 ) (1 ( 21, 671) . 2 ). (1
2045x 64 y = 1 (3 2045 21 64 671 = 1
2045 ( x 21) 64 ( y 64 ) = 0 ) 2045 ( x 21) = 64 ( y 64
64 ) 2045 ( x 21 PGCD ( 2045, 64 ) = 1

64 x 21 x 21 = 64k k . y 64 = 2045k
5
/2 %
S
. +V
710 1[11] 66 .
252
) 7 2521 = 7 7 2520 = 7 ( 710 ]. 7 2521 7 [11
68 n 5 n [5] : ] n 3 n [3 n 5 3.
] n 5 n [5 ]n 5 n 0 [5
] n 3 n [3 ] n 2 n 3 n 2 n [3 ] n 5 n [3 ] n 5 n 0 [3 5 3
]. n 5 n 0 [15
x 3 x [3] (1 71 3.
(2
][ 4
][ 4
] x 0 [ 4 ] x 1[ 4 ]x 3 [ 4
x
x3
x 3 x [12] (3 ] x 0 [ 4 ] x 1[ 4 ]. x 3 [ 4
6 V
2:X

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
73 x y y x + 3 . 28
(1 " " " ".
(2 y x + 3 y [ 28] N ] x y 3[ 28 y 3 x = y 3
y < 3 x = y 3 + 28 = y + 25
(3 : :
:.

3as Maths Livre Prof Solutions Exercices

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:

 @ :13  >(F ') (1  CD *.,

2,9 ( x + 1) + 2 < 3x < 3,1( x + 1) + 2

2,9 x + 4,9 < 3 x < 3,1x + 5,1

( 2,9 x + 4,9 3x < 0 )

x > 0,1 x > 0,1

( 3x 3,1x 5,1 < 0 )

( 0,1x < 4,9 ) ( 0,1x < 5,1)

3 x + 4 > 103 ( x 2 ) f ( x ) > 103 lim f ( x ) = + 14

. 1,901488751 < x < 2,101511249

lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = 0 (

. lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = (

lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = (

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = 3 lim f ( x ) = 3 (

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + (

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = 0 ( 22

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim+ f ( x ) = +

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = (

lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = +

. lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = + (

lim+ f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = D = {1;1} :(3)

1 3 + 2 cos x 5 2 2 cos x 2 1 cos x 1 ( 1 38

x 2 3sin x ( x 2 3) = 3sin x + 3 = 3 (1 sin x ) (1 39 1 sin x 1 1 sin x 1

lim x 2 3 = + (2 x 2 3sin x x 2 3 lim x 2 3sin x = +

40 1 sin x 1 : ( x > 0 ) + 2 x 2 x sin x 2 x

1 sin x 1 : ( x < 0 ) 2 x 2 x sin x 2 x

f ' ( x ) < 0 ) ( x < 0 ) ( x > 2

lim f ( x ) + x = lim x + 4 x + 5 + x = lim

lim g ( x ) ( x + 2 ) = 0 lim g ( x ) x + = 0 lim g ( x ) x + =

lim f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = lim (

l2 = lim ( 2 x ) tan x = lim ( 2 X ) tan + X = lim

P3 :'  -.

 )6 63 @ :  S1<3 #T U4 '1   -.

 >?3 : ';3 !3

14 f ( x ) = x + x cos x f ' ( x ) = 1 + cos x x sin x . D =

4 f ' ( x ) = 1 sin x . f ( x ) = x + cos x 1 sin x x f ' ( x ) 0

 @ :13  >(F ') (1  CD * .

.2( lim f ( x ) x + 1 = lim e x = 0

.2 E ( log n ) = 371 371 log n < 372 :

log10371 log n < log10372 10371 n < 10372

(1 121( 1 cos 4 x 1 : x e x > 0 .

f ' ( x ) = e x cos ( 4 x ) + 4sin ( 4 x ) :

R >'63 :   .Y4

R >?3 :   .3 Y4

(1( u0 = > 0 un > 0 un e un > 0 . un +1 > 0 . un > 0

un > 0 e un < 1 un +1 un < 0 ) ( un

( f ( x ) = x + 1 + ( x) = x + 1 + axe x f ' ( x ) = 1 + '( x) = 1 + a 1 2 x 2 e x

(1( lim f ( x) = 1 lim f ( x) = 0

f ' ( x ) = ( x + 1)(1 x)e x .1 66

lim f ( x) = lim x 2e x = lim ) ( C

f (2) 7,39 f (1) = 0

[ ln x > 0 : ]1; + x x 1 > 0 . g ' ( x ) < 0

1,14 < < 1,15 2,14 < + 1 < 2,15

) 0, 465 < f ( ) < 0, 467 ( 2 103

f ( x ) = sin x ( a cos2 x + b cos 4 x )

f ( x ) = sin x ( sin 2 x cos 2x )

f ( x ) = sin x (1 cos 2 x ) cos2 x

f ( x ) = sin x ( cos 2 x cos 4 x )

f ( x ) = sin x + sin 3 x = sin x (1 + sin 2 x ) = sin x ( 2 cos 2 x ) = 2sin x sin x cos 2 x .1 43

f ( x ) = sin x ( cos 2 x cos 4 x )

f ( x ) = cos x sin 4 x (1 sin 2 x ) = cos x ( sin 4 x 2sin 6 x + sin 8 x )

f '' ( x ) = 4 f ( x ) + 12 1 sin 2 x sin 2 x .2

f '' ( x ) = 4 f ( x ) + 12sin x 12sin 4 x

u ( x ) = tan x u ' u n f ( x ) = (1 + tan 2 x ) tan 2004 x f ( x )

@ :13 >(F') (1 CD*.,

P3 :' -.

)6 63 @ : S1<3 #T U4'1 -.

>?3 : ';3 !3

@ :13 >(F') (1 CD* .

R >'63 : .Y4

R >?3 : .3 Y4

:' a ka3 X

>'63 >?3 :@)

)D/ ) -99 p3 R >?3 j 6 .

) )D/99 p3 R >?3 j 6 .

-67 a CD R )4 :3 -

) )D/99 p3 R >?3 j 6 .

) )D/99 >?3;' -6R

! R ;' -D ) )D/99 >?3;' -6R

<6 #o 3 )4 67 1 ^. 6( 77

<6 #o 3 - - )4 67 1 ^. 6( 77

) )D/99 >?3;' -6R

) )D/99 >?3;' -6R

" A @ : S1<3) a3

: > '-@ 1*: S1<3

p 7 = 1 p 5 p 6 0, 044....;.... p 6 0, 708 C )V p 5 = C 51 p (R ) p (R ) 0, 249 U

>?3 : !.3

61Z n @ v n = u n +1 au n (2

u n 1 + n +1 > 0 v 1 + n +1 > 0 u n > 0

. u n > 0 n 6 '_ 61Z

g ( 0, 28) 0.007 g ( 0, 27 ) -0.039 :

f ' ( x ) < 0 x ] ; [ )4 f ' ( ) = 0

. f ' ( x ) > 0 x ] ; + [ )4

f ( 0 ) = 0 [ 0; + [ j( 3 X f

f ( x ) > 0 f ( x ) > f ( 0 ) v x > 0

g ( 0 ) = 0 3 X g g ' ( x ) 0

g ( x ) > 0 g ( x ) > g ( 0 ) v x > 0

14 g h ' ( x ) = 1 +

w k 61Z ) ) 4 n @ (3

u ( 0 ) = 0 [ 0; + [ j( 3 X u