Line Integral - Tích Phân Đư NG

Gii tch hm nhiu bin
Chng: TCH PHN NG

u Th Phit
Ngy 24 thng 4 nm 2014
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Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

1 / 53
Ni dung
Tch phn ng loi mt
Tch phn ng loi hai
Mt s tnh cht ca tch phn ng
nh l Green
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2 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
Tch phn ng loi mt
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3 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
nh ngha
Tng t tch phn hm mt bin trn on [a, b], ta xy dng tch phn
trn ng cong C , tch phn c gi l tch phn ng.
Xt ng cong C cho bi phng trnh tham s
x = x(t),
y = y (t) a t b
hay trong khng gian R2 , ta c vector r (t) = x(t)i + y (t)j = (x(t), y (t)).
Ta gi s C l mt ng cong trn (o hm r 0 lin tc v r 0 (t) 6= 0).
Ta chia on [a, b] thnh n on nh u nhau [ti1 , ti ], tng ng cc
im Pi (x(ti ), y (ti )) chia ng cong C thnh n ng cong con.
Ta gi chiu di ca cc ng cong con ny tng ng l s1 , . . . , sn .
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We start with a plane
Tch phn ng loi mt
1
y
P i*(x i*,y *
i)
Pi-1
Pi
Pn
P
P
P
t *i
a
FIGURE 1
t i-1
ti
or, equivalently, by the

smooth curve. [This me
divide the parameter int
x i ! x!ti " and yi ! y!ti "
with lengths #s1, #s2 , .
subarc. (This correspon
ables whose domain inc
the length #si of the sub
b t
which is similar to a Rie
lowing
definition
by ana
Trn mi ng cong con ta chn im Pi (xi , yi ) bt k
(tng
ng vi
im ti trn on [a, b]).
2 DEFINITION If f
the line integral of f
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5 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
Cho f l hm theo hai bin (x, y ) xc nh trn min cha ng cong C ,

ta tnh tng
n
X
f (xi , yi )si
i=1
Ta thy tng trn c dng tng t tng Riemann, ly gii hn khi n tin
ti v cng, ta c tch phn ng tng t tch phn mt bin
nh ngha
Nu f c nh ngha trn ng cong trn C cho bi phng trnh tham
s (x(t), y (t)) vi a t b, th tch phn ng ca f theo C cho bi
Z
f (x, y )ds = lim
n
X
f (xi , yi )si
i=1
nu gii hn trn tn ti.

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6 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
Ta bit, di ng cong C cho bi

s
Z b 2 2
dx
dy
L =The arc length function s is+
dt
dt
dt
discussed
in
Section
13.3.
a
N
If s!t" is the length of C b
Do , nu f l hm s lin tc th gii hn trong nh ngha trn lun

tn ti, ng thi ta c th tnh tch phn trn bi cng thc
s So
way to remember For
the
Z
Z b
2
equations
dx 2 Usedythe parametric
f (x, y )ds =
f (x(t), y (t))
+
dt
dt
dt
C
a
z
In the special case where

parameter, we can write th
a % x % b. Formula 3 then b
f(x,y)
(x,y)
x
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Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng:
and so the line integral reduc

Just as for an ordinary si
function as an area. In fact, i
TCH PHN NG
Ngy
thng 4 nm
7 / in
53 F
the24fence
or 2014
curtain
Tch phn ng loi mt
V d
f(x,y)
(x,y)
and so the line integral

Just as for an ordin
Tnh tch phn C (2 + x 2 y )ds vi C l na trn ca vng trn n v
function
as an area. In
x 2 + y 2 = 1.
the
fence
or curtain
FIGURE 2
!x, y" is f !x, y".
Ta vit phng trnh tham s cho ng cong C

x = cos t
EXAMPLE 1 Evaluate
y = sin t
Do C l na trn ca vng trn n v, 0 t .

y
x 2 ! y 2 ! 1.
SOLUTION In order to use
Recall that the unit cir

+=1
(y0)
and the upper half of t

(See Figure 3.) Theref
_1
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FIGURE
3 nhiu bin Chng:
Gii tch hm
TCH PHN NG
!2 ! x
8 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
(2 + x y )ds =
C
s
(2 + cos t sin t)
0
dx
dt
2

+
dy
dt
2
dt
p
(2 cos2 t sin t) sin2 t + cos2 tdt
Z0
(2 + cos2 t sin t)dt

cos3 t
= 2t
3
0
2
= 2 +
3
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9 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
(y0)
and the upper half of th

(See Figure
Ta ch rng ng cong C c gi thit l trn. Xt trng
hp 3.)
C Therefo
l
ng cong trn tng khc _1

(C l hp
x on ng cong trn
0 hu hn
1 cc
yC !2 ! x
C1 , . . . , Cn ), ta c th nh ngha tch phn ng ca f trn ng cong
C l tng cc tch phnFIGURE
ng3ca f trn cc ng cong Ci
Z
Z
Z
f (x, y )ds =
f (x, y )ds + . . . +
f (x, y )ds
C
Ci
Ci
C
C
C
0
FIGURE 4
A piecewise-smooth curve
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Suppose now that C

ber of smooth curves C
Ci!1 is the terminal poi
integrals of f along ea

f !x, y" ds
10 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
V d
R
Tnh tch phn C 2xds vi C l ng cong cha parabol y = x 2 t (0, 0)
ti (1, 1), v on thng C2 t (1, 1) ti (1, 2).
ng cong C1 l th ca hm s theo bin x, ta c th chn x l
tham s, C1 biu din bi
x = x 1036y =
x 2CHAPTER
0 x16VECTOR
1 CALCULUS
||||
Trn on thng C2 ta chn y l tham s, C2 cho bi
x =1 y =y
1y 2
SOLUTION The curve C is show

C
C
(0,0)
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EXAMPLE 2 Evaluate xC 2x ds
from !0, 0" to !1, 1" followed
choose x as the parameter and
(1,2)
x
(1,1)
Therefore
x
C1
2x ds ! y 2x

11 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
Z
2xds =
C1
s
2x
p
1 + 4x 2 dx
2x
0
2
dx
dx
dy
dx
2
dx
1
12
5 51
2 32
(1 + 4x )
=
=
43
6
0
s
2
Z
Z 2
dx 2
dy
2xds =
2
+
dy
dy
dy
C2
1
Z 2
=
2dy = 2
1
Vy ta c
5 51
2xds =
2xds +
2xds =
+2
6
C
C1
C2
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12 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
Tch phn ng loi mt trong khng gian

Tng t, ta nh ngha tch phn ng trong khng gian.
Xt f (x, y , z) xc nh trn ng cong trn C trong khng gian Oxyz.
Vi C cho bi phng trnh tham s
x = x(t)
atb
y = y (t)
z = z(t)
Khi tch phn ng ca f trn C cho bi cng thc
s
2 2
Z
Z b
dy
dz
dx 2
f (x, y , z)ds =
f (x(t), y (t), z(t))
+
+
dt
dt
dt
dt
C
a
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13 / 53
Tch phn ng loi mt
V d
Tnh tch phn
C (x
+ y )ds vi C l ng trn x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, x = y
Phng trnh tham s ca ng cong C .

Ta thy 2x 2 + z 2 = 4,(hnh ellipse). t
(
x = y = 2r cos
z = 2r sin
V x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 nn r = 1. Phng
trnh tham s ca C
(
x = y = 2 cos
0 2
z = 2 sin
Z 2
q
( 2 cos + 2 cos ) ( 2 sin )2 + ( 2 sin )2 + (2 cos )2 d

0
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14 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
Tch phn ng loi hai
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15 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
Nu ta thay vi phn si bng xi = xi xi1 v yi = yi yi1 trong

tch phn ng loi mt, ta thu c hai tch phn ng. Cc tch phn
trn l tch phn ng ca f trn ng cong C tng ng vi x v y
Z
n
X
f (x, y )dx = lim
f (xi , yi )xi
n
Z
f (x, y )dy = lim
i=1
n
X
f (xi , yi )yi
i=1
Tch phn ng tng ng vi x v y c th c biu din di dng

tham s t nh sau
Z
Zb
f (x, y )dx = f (x(t), y (t))x 0 (t)dt
C
Zb
f (x, y )dy =
C
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f (x(t), y (t))y 0 (t)dt
a
16 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
nh ngha tch phn ng loi hai

nh ngha
Gi s trn ng C xc nh hai hm s P(x, y ) v Q(x, y ). Tch phn
ng loi hai ca P(x, y ) v Q(x, y ) trn cung C xc nh bi cng thc
Z
I = P(x, y )dx + Q(x, y )dy
C
Nu ng cong C xc nh theo phng trnh tham s t trn on [a, b]

th tch phn ng loi hai c tnh theo cng thc
Z
I = P(x, y )dx + Q(x, y )dy
C
Zb
=

P(x(t), y (t))x 0 (t) + Q(x(t), y (t))y 0 (t)) dt
a
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17 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
Tnh cht
Tch phn ng loi hai ph thuc chiu ly tch phn trn ng

cong C
Z
Z
Pdx + Qdy = Pdx + Qdy
_
AB
BA
_
2
Nu ng cong AB c chia thnh AC v CB v P, Q kh tch

_
trn AB th ta c
Z
Z
Z
Pdx + Qdy =
Pdx + Qdy + Pdx + Qdy
_
AB
AC
CB
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18 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
V d 1.
R
Tnh I = (x 2 + 3y )dx + 2ydy trong C l cnh tam gic OAB vi
C
O(0, 0), A(1, 1), B(0, 2) theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h.
Ta c I =
R
OA
AB
BO
Phng trnh on OA:

x = t, y = t 0 t 1
1.5
Z1
Z
=
Text
(t + 3t).1.dt + 2t.1.dt
A
OA
Z1
=
(t 2 + 5t)dt =
0
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17
6
0.5
-1.5
-1
-0.5
O 0
0.5

1.5
19 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
V d 1. (cont)
Phng trnh on AB: x = 1 t, y = 1 + t
Z1
Z
=
0t1
((1 t)2 + 3(1 + t)).(1).dt + 2(t + 1).1.dt
AB
Z1
=
(t 2 + t 2)dt =
11
6
Phng trnh on BO: x = 0, y = 2 t

Z2
Z
=
BO
((0)2 + 3(2 t)).0.dt + 2(2 t).(1).dt =
Vy I =
0t2
Z2
2(t 2)dt = 4
0
17 11
4 = 3
6
6
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20 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
V d 1.(cch 2)
R
Tnh I = (x 2 + 3y )dx + 2ydy trong C l cnh tam gic OAB vi
C
O(0, 0), A(1, 1), B(0, 2) theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h.
Ta c I =
R
OA
R
AB
R
+ O.
B
Phng trnh on OA: y = x

Z1
Z
=
x t 0 n 1
1.5
Text
(x + 3x).1.dx + 2x.1.dx
Z1
OA
(x 2 + 5x)dx =
17
6
0.5
0
-1.5
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-1
-0.5
O 0
0.5

1.5
21 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
V d 1. (cch 2)
Phng trnh on AB: y = 2 x
Z0
Z
=
AB
(x 2 + 3(2 x))dx + 2(2 x).(1).dx =
11
6
Phng trnh on BO: x = 0.y

Z2
Z
=
BO
Vy I =
x t 1 n 0
y t 2 n 0
((0)2 + 3y ).0.dy + 2ydy = 4
17 11
4 = 3
6
6
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22 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
V d 2.
Tnh I =
ydx + xdy trong C l cung x 2 + y 2 = 2x t O(0, 0) n
A(1, 1) theo chiu kim ng h.

Cung C c phng trnh tham s
(
x = 1 + cos t
t t ti
2
y = sin t
1.5
A
1
0.5
Z/2
I =
(sin t)( sin t)dt + (1 + cos t) cos tdt
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
-0.5
2
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-1
-1.5

23 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
Bi tp
Tnh tch phn ng loi 1.
R 3
1
y ds, C : x = t 3 , y = t, 0 t 2.
C
R
2
xyds, C : x = t 2 , y = 2t, 0 t 1.
C
R 4
3
xy ds, C l na bn phi ca ng trn x 2 + y 2 = 16.
C
4
x sin yds, C l on thng ni (0, 3) ti (4, 6).

Rp
x 2 + y 2 ds vi C l na ng trn x 2 + y 2 = 2x v x 1.
C

R 4
4
x 3 + y 3 ds vi C c phng trnh tham s
C
x = 2 cos3 t, y = 2 sin3 t, 0 t 2.
R 2
(x + y 2 + z 2 )ds vi C l ng xon c x = a cos t, y = a sin t,
C
z = bt, 0 t 2, a, b dng
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24 / 53
Tch phn ng loi hai
Bi tp
Tnh tch phn ng loi hai
R 2 3
1
(x y x)dy vi C l ng cong y = x t (1, 1) ti (4, 2).
C
2
xydx + (x y )dy vi C l cha cc ng thng t (0, 0) n
(2, 0) v t (2, 0) n (3, 2).

R
sin xdx + cos ydy vi C l na di ng trn x 2 + y 2 = 1 t
C
(1, 0) n (1, 0) v on thng t (1, 0) n (2, 3).

R
ydx (x + y )2 dy vi C l cung parabol y = 2x x 2 nm pha
C
y 0 v theo chiu ngc kim ng h.

R
xydx + ydy yzdz trong C l ng cong cho bi phng trnh
C
x = t, y = t 2 , z = t vi t t 0 n 1.
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25 / 53
Mt s tnh cht ca tch phn

ng
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26 / 53
Lin h gia tch phn ng loi mt v loi hai

_
Xt ng cong AB c phng trnh tham s

r (t) = (x(t), y (t), z(t)) a t b
Khi vector ~r 0 (t) = x 0 (t)~i + y 0 (t)~j + z 0 (t)~k l vector tip tuyn vi
_
~ (t) = r 00 (t) l vector tip tuyn n v.
ng cong AB v T
|r (t)|
Gi F = (P, Q, R) = P(x, y , z)~i + Q(x, y , z)~j + R(x, y , z)~k l trng

vector xc nh trn ng cong C
Z
Z b

Pdx + Qdy + Rdz =
P(r (t))x 0 (t) + Q(r (t))y 0 (t) + R(r (t))z 0 (t) dt
C
a

Z b
x 0 (t)
y 0 (t)
z 0 (t)
=
P(r (t)) 0
+ Q(r (t)) 0
+ R(r (t)) 0
|r 0 (t)|dt
|r
(t)|
|r
(t)|
|r
(t)|
Za
=
F T (t)ds
C
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27 / 53
nh l cn bn
Trong tch phn hm mt bin, ta c tnh cht
Zb
F 0 (x)dx = F (b) F (a)
vi F 0 lin tc trn [a, b]. Trong khng gian hu hn chiu, ta dng vector
gradient f thay cho F 0 v c nh l sau
nh l
Cho C l ng cong trn cho bi hm vector r (t), a t b. Cho f l
hm kh vi vi vector gradient f lin tc trn C . Khi
Z
f dr = f (r (b)) f (r (a))
C
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28 / 53
! f ! dr ! f !x 2 , y2 " " f !x 1, y1 "
C
T nh l trn, ta c th tnh tch phn
ng loi 2 ca f , ta ch quan
tm n gi tr ca
imofu
imandcui
ng
cong the
C .point A!x 1, y1
If f fis ati
function
three v
variables
C is ca
a space
curve joining
to the point B!x 2 , y2 , z2 ", then we have
Chng minh.
T nh ngha ta c
Zb
Z
f dr =
C
!f ! dr ! f !x 2 , y2 , z2 " " f !x 1, y1, z1 "
Lets prove Theorem 2 for this case.
f (r (t)) r 0 (t)dt
y
Zb
=
A(x,y)
B(x,y)
f dx
f dy
f dz
+
0 +
x dt
y dt
z Cdt
A(x,y,z)

dt
a
b 1
FIGURE
C
B(x,y,z)
0
x
d
f (r (t))dt = f (r (b)) f (r (a))
dt
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29 / 53
V d
R
1038
||||
CHAPTER 16
Tnh C y 2 dx + xdy vi
a) C = C1 l on thng t (5, 3) n (0, 2)
b)C = C2 l ng cong parabol x = 4 y 2 t (5, 3) n (0, 2).
VECTO
a) Phng trnh tham s ca on thng

x = 5 + 5t, y = 3 + 5t, 0 t 1
Z
(0,2)
1
2
(5t 3) (5dt) + (5t 5)(5dt)
y dx + xdy =
C1
(25t 2 25t + 4)dt

25t 3 25t 2
5
=5
+ 4t =
3
2
6
=5
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C
4
x=4-
(_5,_3)
FIGURE 7

30 / 53
b) Parabol C2 l hm theo bin y , ta xem y

l tham s
y
x = 4 y 2 , y = y , 3 y 2
(0,2)
2
2
y (2ydy ) + (4 y )dy
y dx + xdy =
C2
(2y 3 y 2 + 4)dy
3

4
y3
5
y
+ 4y = 40
=
2
3
6
x=4-
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(_5,_3)
FIGURE 7

31 / 53
Khng ph thuc vo ng i
Gi s C1 v C2 l hai ng cong trn tng khc vi im u l A v

im cui l B.
R
R
Tng qut, (nh v d trn) ta thy C1 F .dr 6= C2 F .dr . Tuy nhin
Z
Z
f dr =
C1
f dr
C2
vi f l trng vector lin tc.

Cho
F l trng vector lin tc trn min D, ta Rni tch phnR ng
R
F
dr khng ph thuc vo ng i nu C1 F dr = C2 F dr vi
C
mi ng cong C1 , C2 bt k trong D c cng im u v im cui.
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32 / 53
r!b" ! r!a". (See Figure 2.) If xC F ! dr is independe

path in D, we can choose any two points A and B on
of the path C1 from A to B followed by the path C2 fr
Mt ng cong c gi l kn nu im u
v im cui ca n trng
C
y F ! dr ! y F ! dr ! y F ! dr ! y
nhau (r (b) = r (a)).
FIGURE 2
C
A closed curve
C
B
C1
C2
C1
since C1 and #C2 have the same initial and terminal p

Conversely, if it is true that xC F ! dr ! 0 whenev
demonstrate independence of path as follows. Take a
in D and define C to be the curve consisting of C1 fol
0 ! y F ! dr ! y F ! dr ! y
C1
#C2
F ! dr
and so xC F ! dr ! xC F ! dr. Thus we have proved t
FIGURE 3
Nu C F dr khng ph thuc ng i trong D th

vi mi
cong
3 THEOREM
of path in D
x F ! ng
dr is independent
every closed path C in D.
kn C trong D, chn hai im bt k A, B trn C v
chia C thnh hai
ng cong C1 t A n B v C2 t B n A. Ta Since
c we know that the line integral of any conse
of path, it follows that x F ! dr ! 0 for any closed pa
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z by a conservative force field (such as
the work done
Section 16.1) as it moves an object around a closed p
F dr =
F dr +
F dr =
F drThefollowing theorem
F says
dr that
= the0 only vector fi
C
Nu
C1
C2
C1
conservative.C
It is stated and proved for plane curve
2
space curves. We assume that D is open, which mean
a disk with center P that lies entirely in D. (So D d
points.) In addition, we assume that D is connected.
can be joined by a path that lies in D.
F dr = 0 vi C l ng cong kn th
Z
Z
Z
0=
F dr =
F dr + intC2 F dr =
C
C
u Th Phit ()
C1
THEOREM Suppose F is a vector field that is c
region D. If xC F ! dr is independent of path in D,

field on D ; that is, there exists a function f such th
C2
F dr
F dr
C1
PROOF Let A!a, b" be a fixed point in D. We construc

defining
Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN
NG
33 / 53
nh l
R
RTch phn C F dr khng ph thuc vo ng i trong D nu v ch nu
C F dr = 0 vi mi ng cong kn C trong D
Ta s ch ra rng
nh l
R
Gi s F l trng vector lin tc trn min D. Nu tch C F dr khng
ph thuc vo ng i th tn ti hm s f sao cho f = F .
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34 / 53
Chng minh
Cho A(a, b) l im c nh trong D. Ta xy dng hm f bi
f (x, y ) =
(x,y
R )
F dr .
(a,b)
R
Do C F dr khng ph thuc ng i, ta
c th chn ng C cha: C1 t (a, b) n
(x1 , y ) vi x1 < x v C2 l on thng ni
ni (x, y ). Khi
Z
Z
f (x, y ) =
F dr +
F dr
C1
(x1 ,y )
u Th Phit ()
(a,b)
F dr
C2
Z
F dr +
(a,b)
(x,y)
C2
Z
=
FIGURE 4

(x,y)
D
x
35 / 53
Z
SECTION 16
F dr
f (x, y ) = 0 +
x
x C2
Notice that the first of the
R
R
Nu F = P~i + Q~j th C2 F dr = C2 Pdx + Qdy .
Trn C2 , y l hng s do dy = 0, xt tham s t vi x1 t x
Z
Z x
If we write F " P i # Q j
f (x, y ) =
Pdx + Qdy =
P(t, y ) = P(x, y )
x
x C2
x x1
y
Tng t ta chng minh

c
(x,y)
C
C
f (x, y ) = Q(x, y )
y
(a,b)
FIGURE 5
"
f !x, y" "
"x
(x,y)
by Part 1 of the Fundamen

ment, using a vertical line
x
Vy F = P~i + Q~j =
u Th Phit ()
On C2 , y is constant, so dy
f ~
f ~
x i + y j
= f .
"
f !x, y" "
"y
Thus

36 / 53
R
Ta thy: Nu tch phn C Pdx + Qdy khng ph thuc vo ng i, v
gi s P, Q lin tc v c cc o hm ring bc nht. Khi , tn ti
hm f sao cho (P, Q) = f
P=
f
x
Q=
f
.
y
Ngoi ra ta c
P
2f
2f
Q
=
=
=
y
y x
xy
x
nh l
Cho F = P~j + Q~j l trng vector trn min lin thng n D. Gi s
P, Q c cc o hm ring cp mt lin tc v
P
Q
=
y
x
th tch phn
R
C
u Th Phit ()
trn D
Pdx + Qdy khng ph thuc vo ng i trn D.

37 / 53
V d
Tnh tch phn I =
R
C
ydx + xdy .
Q
P
=
= 1, tch phn trn
x
y
khng ph thuc vo ng i.
Cch 1.
Ta chn ng i khc t O n B l ng
gp khc OAB. Khi
Z
Z
Z 1
Z 3
I =
+
=
0dy +
1dx = 3
Ta thy
-1.5
OA
AB
u Th Phit ()
1.5
B (3,1)
1
0.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
O
-0.5
-1
-1.5
C
-2
-2.5

38 / 53
Q
P
=
= 1, tch phn trn
x
y
khng ph thuc vo ng i.
Cch 2.
Tn ti hm kh vi U(x, y ) sao cho vi phn
dU = Pdx + Qdy
(
Ux0 = P
U(x, y ) = xy
Uy0 = Q
Ta thy
1.5
B (3,1)
1
0.5
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
O
-0.5
-1
-1.5
C
-2
-2.5
(1,3)
I =
0,0
(1,3)
ydx + xdy = U(x, y )|(0,0) = 3
u Th Phit ()

39 / 53
V d
Tnh I =
R xdx + ydy
C x 2 + y 2 vi C l mt ng cong tu t A(1, 0) n
B(2, 0).
a) Khng bao quanh gc to ;
b) Bao quanh gc to .
Q
P
=
, do tch phn khng ph thuc ng
x
y
i t A n B. Ta chn l on thng ni AB.
Z 2
dx
I =
= ln |x||21 = ln 2
1 x
a) Ta kim tra rng
u Th Phit ()

40 / 53
b) Tch phn khng ph thuc vo ng i, tuy nhin ta khng th tnh

tch phn theo ng t A n B. Ta thy khng tn ti min D cha cc
ng cong kn bao quanh gc O sao cho P v Q l cc o hm ring
cp 1 lin tc trn D
Ta tm hm U(x, y ) sao cho vi phn dU(x, y ) = Pdx + Qdy
x
ln(x 2 + y 2 )
Ux0 = P =
+ g (y )
U(x,
y
)
=
x2 + y2
2
y
U 0 = Q =
g (y ) = C
y
2
x + y2
ln(x 2 + y 2 )
+C
2
ln 4 ln 1
(2,0)
I = U(x, y )|(1,0) =
= ln 2
2
U(x, y ) =
u Th Phit ()

41 / 53
nh l Green
nh l Green
u Th Phit ()

42 / 53
.4
E 2
nh l Green
Cho min D c gii hn bi ng cong n 16.4

lin CGREENS THEOREM
SECTION 16.4 GREENS THEOREM
||||
1055
Greens Theorem
gives
the relati
curve C and a double integral ove
assume that D consists of all poin
D
Theorem we use the convention t
GREENS THEOREM
refers to a single counterclockwis
tion r$t%, a % t % b, then the regi
C
Greens Theorem gives the relationship between a line integral (See
around
a simple
closed
Figure
2.)
0
x
y
curve C and a double integral over the plane region D bounded by C. (See Figure 1. We
y Greens
assume that D consists of all points inside C as well as all points on C.) In stating
FIGURE 1
Theorem
we
use
the
convention
that
the
positive
orientation
of
a
simple
closed
curveng
C
Ta nh ngha chiu dng ca ng cong l chiu ngc chiu kim
refers to a single counterclockwise traversal of C. Thus if C is given by the vector funch.
Do nu C cho bi phng trnh tham s r (t), a t b th DminC. D
tion r$t%, a % t % b, then the region D is always on the left as the point r$t% traverses
lun
(Seenm
Figurebn
2.) tri ca im r (t) khi chy trn C . Tng t ta c chiu m
y
y
FIGURE 2
D
C
0
x
N
Recall that the left side of this equation
(a) Positive orientatio
GREENS THEOREM Let C be a

closed curve in the plane and l
continuous partial derivatives o
x
(a) Positive orientation

(b)
Negative orientation
xC F ! drTCH
another
of writing
, where
Giiistch
hmway
nhiu
bin Chng:
PHN NG
u Th Phit ()
P dx $
C
43
/ 53
nh l Green
nh l Green
nh l
Cho l ng cong ng C n lin theo hng dng, trn tng khc.
Nu P, Q l cc hm s c cc o hm ring lin tc trn min D th

Z
ZZ
Q
P
Pdx + Qdy =
dA
x
y
C
u Th Phit ()

44 / 53
Chng minh
Ta chng minh
Z
Pdx =
C
Theorem,nh
but lit Green
didnt become widely known
at that time. Finally, at age 40, Green entered
Cambridge University as an undergraduate
but died four years after graduation. In 1846
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) located a copy
of Greens essay, realized its significance, and
Z Zit reprinted. Green was theZfirst person to Z Z
had
P a mathematical theory of electry
to formulate
dA v
Qdy =
ymagnetism. His work was
tricity and
C the basis
D the subsequent electromagnetic theories of D
for
Thomson, Stokes, Rayleigh, and Maxwell.
We prove Equation 2 b
Q t1 and t 2 are con

where
dA
onx
the right side of Equ
Ta biu din min D di dng
D = {(x, y )|a x b, g1 (x) y g2 (x)}

y
C
D
y=g(x)
0
u Th Phit ()
$P
dA ! y
$y
where the last step follo

Now we compute th
four curves C1 , C2 , C3 ,
write the parametric eq
y=g(x)
yy
C
C
b
Observe that C3 goes fr

the parametric equation

45 / 53
nh l Green
Ta tnh tch phn trn cc ng cong C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 .

Trn C1 , ta xem x l tham s: x = x, y = g1 (x), a x b.
Z
P(x, y ) =
C1
P(x, g1 (x))dx
a
Trn C3 , x l tham s v i t b n a, do
Z
Z b
P(x, y ) =
P(x, g2 (x))dx
C3
Trn C2 , C4 , x l hng s do dx = 0, ta c
Z
Z
P(x, y )dx = 0 =
P(x, y )dx = 0
C2
u Th Phit ()
C4

46 / 53
nh l Green
Vy
Z
Z
P(x, y )dx =
Z
+
C1
Z b
Z
+
C2
P(x, y )dx
C3
C4
Z
P(x, g1 (x))dx
=
a
P(x, g2 (x))dx
a
Ta li c
Z b Z g2 (x)
Z b
ZZ
P
dA =
dx
dy =
[P(x, g2 (x)) P(x, g1 (x))]dx
y
a
g1 (x)
a
D
Do
ZZ
P(x, y )dx =
P
dA
y
Tng t ta c
Z
ZZ
P(x, y )dy =
C
u Th Phit ()
Q
dA
x

47 / 53
nh l Green
D
C
FIGURE 5
! 12 y "a cos t#"b

2#
ab 2#
y dt ! # a
2 0
C Greens Theore
w
not simply-con
Although we have are
proved
GreensIfTh
sistswhere
of twoDsimpl
now extend it to the case
is a fi
C
oriented
so that
the region shown in Figure
5, then
weth
c
D
C
Dsimple. The boundarypositive
of D1 isdirection
C1 ! C3
_C C
ing Greens Theoremcurve
to D1 C
and
sepd
D2we
2 . If
whi
Figure 9 and then
FIGURE 8
T
Q
yC !C P dx $
FIGURE 6
of
$Qn
$x
D
FIGURE 7
+=1
C2!"&C3 #
C
FIGURE 9
V E
P dx $
regiQ
SOLU
Since the line

inte
regi
If we add these two equations,
the line
cancel and we get
yy
C1!C2
u Th Phit ()
yy
P dx
$Q$ Q$
#
$x

D
48 / 53
nh l Green
V d
R
Tnh tch phn C x 4 dx + xydy vi C l cc cnh tam gic vi cc nh
(0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1) theo chiu dng.
p dng nh l Green ta c

Z
ZZ
Q
P
4
x dx + xydy =
dA
x
y
C
D
1 Z 1x
y=1-x
(0,1)
(y 0)dydx
=
0
Z
=
0

1 2 y =1x
y

2 y =0
1
2
dx
(0,0)
(1 x 2 )2 dx =
u Th Phit ()
1
6
(1,0)
FIGURE 4

49 / 53
nh l Green
V d
R
Tnh I = C (x y )2 dx + (x + y )2 dy trong C l na trn ng trn
x 2 + y 2 = 2x theo hng cng chiu kim ng h.
Cung C khng kn, ta thm vo on AO
c min D l na hnh trn.
Z
Z
Z
I =
=
C AO
AO
1
ZZ
Z
=
C AO
Z ZD
=
Q
P
x
y

dxdy
0.5
2 ((x + y ) + 2(x y )) dxdy

Z
-0.5
D
/2
0
u Th Phit ()
0.5
1.5
2 cos
4r cos rdr = 2
-0.5
0
50 / 53
nh l Green
Trn cung AO ta c phng trnh tham s

x =2t
Z
Z
=
AO
y = 0 vi 0 t 2
(2 t)2 dt =
2
(2 t)3
8
= 3
3
0
Vy ta c
Z
I =
C AO
u Th Phit ()
Z
= 2 +
AO
8
3

51 / 53
nh l Green
Bi tp 1.
Tnh tch phn
1
C F dr trn ng cong C vi
x 2~i + y 2~j, C l ng parabol y =
F (x, y ) =
2x 2 t (1, 2) n
(2, 8).

F = xy 2~i + x 2 y~j vi C : r (t) = t + sin 12 t, t + cos 21 t 0 t 1.

y2 ~
F (x, y ) =
i + 2y arctan x~j vi C : r (t) = t 2~i + 2t~j, 0 t 1.
1 + x2
R
Tnh C (1 ye x )dx + e x dy vi C l ng cong t (0, 1) n
(1, 2).
Tnh cng sinh ra khi tc dng trng lc F khi di chuyn vt t P
n Q vi
a) F (x, y ) = 2y 3/2~i + 3x y~j; P(1, 1) v Q(2, 4);

b) F (x, y ) = e y~i xe y~j; P(0, 1) v Q(2, 0).
u Th Phit ()

52 / 53
nh l Green
Bi tp 2.
H
Tnh C (x y )dx + (x + y )dy vi C l ng trn tm ti gc to
v bn knh 2 theo chiu m.
H
Tnh C xydx + x 2 y 3 dy vi C l tam gic vi nh (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 2)
theo chiu dng.
R
Tnh C xy 2 dx + 2x 2 ydy vi C l tam gic vi cc nh (0, 0), (2, 2
v (2, 4) theo chiu dng.
R
x )dx + (2x + cos y 2 )dy vi C l bin ca min gii hn vi
C (y + e
hai parabol y = x 2 v x = y 2 ngc chiu kim ng h.
R
2
2
C sin ydx + x cos ydy vi C l ellipse x + xy + y = 1 ngc chiu
kim ng h.
u Th Phit ()

53 / 53

Line Integral - Tích Phân Đư NG

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Gii tch hm nhiu bin

Chng: TCH PHN NG

Ngy 24 thng 4 nm 2014

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Tch phn ng loi hai

Mt s tnh cht ca tch phn ng

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Tch phn ng loi mt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

We start with a plane

Tch phn ng loi mt

or, equivalently, by the

which is similar to a Rie

im ti trn on [a, b]).

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Cho f l hm theo hai bin (x, y ) xc nh trn min cha ng cong C ,

nu gii hn trn tn ti.

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Ta bit, di ng cong C cho bi

If s!t" is the length of C b

Do , nu f l hm s lin tc th gii hn trong nh ngha trn lun

In the special case where

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng:

and so the line integral reduc

Tch phn ng loi mt

and so the line integral

Ta vit phng trnh tham s cho ng cong C

Do C l na trn ca vng trn n v, 0 t .

SOLUTION In order to use

Recall that the unit cir

and the upper half of t

Tch phn ng loi mt

(2 + cos2 t sin t)dt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

and the upper half of th

ng cong trn tng khc _1

Suppose now that C

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

SOLUTION The curve C is show

choose x as the parameter and

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Tch phn ng loi mt trong khng gian

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi mt

Phng trnh tham s ca ng cong C .

( 2 cos + 2 cos ) ( 2 sin )2 + ( 2 sin )2 + (2 cos )2 d

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi hai

Tch phn ng loi hai

Gii tch hm nhiu bin Chng: TCH PHN NG

Tch phn ng loi hai

Nu ta thay vi phn si bng xi = xi xi1 v yi = yi yi1 trong