Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Giai Tich 2 PDF
Giai Tich 2 PDF
BI XUN DIU
Bi Ging
GII
TCH
II
(lu hnh ni b)
CC NG DNG CA PHP TNH VI PHN, TCH PHN BI, TCH PHN
PH THUC THAM S,
Tm tt l thuyt, Cc v d, Bi tp v li gii
H Ni- 2009
MC
Mc lc .
LC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tch phn kp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1
nh ngha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
Tnh tch phn kp trong h to Descartes . .
1.3
Php i bin s trong tch phn kp . . . . . . .
2
Tch phn bi ba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
nh ngha v tnh cht . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
Tnh tch phn bi ba trong h to Descartes
2.3
Phng php i bin s trong tch phn bi ba .
3
Cc ng dng ca tch phn bi . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1
Tnh din tch hnh phng . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Tnh th tch vt th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Tnh din tch mt cong . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chng 3 . Tch phn ph thuc tham s. . . . . . . . .
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
15
16
24
35
35
35
38
50
50
55
62
. 63
63
63
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
MC LC
1.2
Cc tnh cht ca tch phn xc nh ph thuc tham s. . . . .
1.3
Cc tnh cht ca tch phn ph thuc tham s vi cn bin i.
2
Tch phn suy rng ph thuc tham s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
Cc tnh cht ca tch phn suy rng ph thuc tham s. . . . .
2.2
Bi tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Tch phn Euler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1
Hm Gamma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Hm Beta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Bi tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chng 4 . Tch phn ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
63
66
67
67
68
75
75
75
76
. 79
Trng v hng . . . . . . .
1.1
nh ngha . . . . . .
1.2
o hm theo hng
1.3
Gradient . . . . . . .
1.4
Bi tp . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
79
79
80
80
82
82
82
85
91
92
95
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 95
. 95
. 95
. 95
. 98
. 98
. 98
. 98
. 102
. 105
. 107
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
107
107
107
108
109
MC LC
2
Trng vct . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
nh ngha . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
Thng lng, dive, trng ng
2.3
Hon lu, vct xoy . . . . .
2.4
Trng th - hm th v . . .
2.5
Bi tp . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
111
111
111
111
112
112
MC LC
CHNG
CC
x = x ( t)
Cho ng cong ( L) xc nh bi phng trnh tham s
. im
y = y (t)
M ( x (t0 ) , y (t0 )) c gi l im chnh quy ca ng cong ( L) nu tn ti cc
o hm x 0 (t0 ) , y0 (t0 ) khng ng thi bng 0.
Php tuyn
(d) : f x ( M) . ( x x0 ) + f y ( M) . (y y0 ) = 0.
x x0
y y0
d0 : 0
= 0
.
f x ( M)
f y ( M)
(d) :
y y ( t0 )
x x ( t0 )
=
.
0
x ( t0 )
y 0 ( t0 )
Php tuyn
d0 : x 0 (t0 ) . ( x x (t0 )) + y0 (t0 ) . (y y (t0 )) = 0.
| y00 |
( 1 + y 02 )
3/2
x = x ( t)
Nu ng cong cho bi phng trnh tham s
y = y ( t)
C ( M) =
th:
x 0 y0
00 00
x y
( x 02 + y 02 )
3/2
F ( x, y, c) = 0
(1 )
F0 ( x, y, c) = 0
c
c.
x=
y=
1+ t
t3
3
+ 2t1
2t3
Li gii.
ti A(2, 2).
Li gii.
C ( M) =
b.
| y00 |
3/2
( 1 + y 02 )
= ... =
192
125
x = a (t sin t)
(a > 0) ti im bt k.
y = a (t cos t)
Li gii.
C ( M) =
x 0 y0
00 00
x y
( x 02 + y 02 )
3/2
= ... =
1
1
2a 2 1 cos x
c. x 3 + y 3 = a 3 ti im bt k (a > 0).
(
x = a cos3 t
, nn
Li gii. Phng trnh tham s:
y = a sin3 t
x 0 y0
00 00
x y
1
C ( M) =
=
...
=
3/2
3a |sin t cos t|
( x 02 + y 02 )
2
2
r + 2r 02 rr 00
3/2
( r 2 + r 02 )
x
c
+ c2
8
aeb
1 + b2
b. cx2 + c2 y = 1
c. y = c2 ( x c)2
Li gii.
a. t F ( x, y, c) := y xc c2 = 0.
iu kin: c 6= 0.
(
(
Fx0 ( x, y, c) = 0
Fx0 ( x, y, c) = 0
, h phng trnh v
Xt h phng trnh:
Fy0 ( x, y, c) = 0
1=0
nghim nn h ng cong khng c im k d. Ta c
(
(
(
y xc c2 = 0
F ( x, y, c) = 0
x = 2c3
Fc0 ( x, y, c) = 0
2c + cx2 = 0
y = 3c2
y 3
3 = 0. Do iu kin c 6= 0 nn x, y 6= 0. Vy ta c hnh bao ca h
2
y 3
ng cong l ng x2 3 = 0 tr im O (0, 0).
nn
x 2
2
Xt h phng trnh:
0
Fy ( x, y, c) = 0
c2 = 0
d khng thuc h ng cong cho nn h ng cong cho khng c im k
d. Ta c
(
(
(
x = 2c
cx2 + c2 y = 1
F ( x, y, c) = 0
x2 + 2cx = 0
Fc0 ( x, y, c) = 0
y = c21
Do x, y 6= 0 v ta c hnh bao ca h ng cong l ng y = x4 tr im O(0, 0).
4
c. t F ( x, y, c) := c2 ( x (c)2 y = 0.
(
Fx0 ( x, y, c) = 0
Fx0 = 0
, h phng trnh v nghim
Xt h phng trnh:
Fy0 ( x, y, c) = 0
1 = 0
nn h ng cong cho khng c im k d.
Ta c
(
(
c2 ( x c ) 2 y = 0 ( 1)
F ( x, y, c) = 0
Fc0 ( x, y, c) = 0
2c ( x c) 2c2 ( x c) = 0 (2)
c=0
x4
.
(2) c = x , th vo (1) ta c y = 0, y = 16
x
c= 2
Vy hnh bao ca h ng cong l y = 0, y =
x4
16 .
10
2.1 Hm vct
Gi s I l mt khong trong R.
I Rn
nh x
c gi l hm vct ca bin s t xc nh trn R. Nu
t 7 r (t) R n
a=
Gii hn: Ngi ta ni hm vct c gii hn l
a khi t t0 nu lim r (t)
t t0
r (t0 ). (tung ng vi tnh lin tc ca cc thnh phn tng ng x (t) , y (t) , z (t))
r (t + h)
r (t )
0
0
c gi l o hm
o hm: Gii hn, nu c, ca t s lim hr = lim
h
h 0
h 0
d
r (t )
x 0 ( t0 ) . i + y 0 ( t0 ) . j + z 0 ( t0 ) . k .
x = x (t)
y = y(t)
z = z(t)
v M( x0 , y0 , z0 ) l mt im chnh quy.
(d) :
x x ( t0 )
y y ( t0 )
z z ( t0 )
=
=
.
0
0
x ( t0 )
y ( t0 )
z 0 ( t0 )
11
(d) :
y y0
zz
x x0
= 0
= 0 0.
0
f x ( M)
f y ( M)
f z ( M)
( P) : f x0 ( M) . ( x x0 ) + f y0 ( M) . (y y0 ) + f z0 ( M) . (z z0 ) = 0.
c bit, nu mt cong cho bi phng trnh z = z ( x, y) th phng trnh tip din ti M
l ( P) : z z0 = z0x ( M) . ( x x0 ) + z0y ( M) . (y y0 ).
f ( x, y, z) = 0
.
Cho ng cong xc nh bi giao ca hai mt cong nh sau
g ( x, y, z) = 0
= f 0 ( M) , f 0 ( M) , f 0 ( M) , l vct php tuyn ca mt phng tip din ca mt
t
n
f
z
y
x
cong f ( x, y,
z) = 0 ti M.
f x0 ( M) . ( x x0 ) + f y0 ( M) . (y y0 ) + f z0 ( M) . (z z0 ) = 0.
PTTQ
:
0
0
0
0
f z ( M) f x ( M)
f y ( M) f z ( M)
f x ( M ) f y0 ( M )
0
0
0
gz ( M ) g0x ( M )
gy ( M ) gz0 ( M )
gx ( M ) gy0 ( M )
Bi tp 1.4. Gi s
p ( t) ,
q ( t) ,
(t) l cc hm vct kh vi. Chng minh rng:
a.
d
dt
p ( t) +
q ( t) =
d
p (t)
dt
d
q (t)
dt
11
12
d
dt
c.
d
dt
d.
d
dt
Li gii.
d
p (t)
p ( t)
( t)
p (t) = (t) dt + 0 (t)
d
q (t)
p ( t)
q ( t) =
p (t) dt +
p ( t)
q ( t) =
p (t)
d
p (t)
q ( t)
dt
d
q (t)
dt
d
p (t)
dt
q ( t)
p ( t) +
q ( t) =
( p1 (t) + q1 (t) , p2 (t) + q2 (t) , p3 (t) + q3 (t))
dt
dt
= p10 (t) + q10 (t) , p20 (t) + q20 (t) , p30 (t) + q30 (t)
= p10 (t) , p20 (t) , p30 (t) + q10 (t) , q20 (t) , q30 (t)
d
p ( t) d
q (t)
=
+
dt
dt
b.
d
( t)
p (t)
dt
= [ (t) p1 (t)] 0 , [ (t) p2 (t)]0 , [ (t) p3 (t)]0
= 0 (t) p1 (t) + (t) p10 (t) , 0 (t) p2 (t) + (t) p20 (t) , 0 (t) p3 (t) + (t) p30 (t)
= 0 (t) p1 (t) , 0 (t) p2 (t) , 0 (t) p3 (t) + (t) p10 (t) , (t) p20 (t) , (t) p30 (t)
d
p (t)
+ 0 ( t)
p ( t)
= ( t)
dt
p ( t)
q ( t)
dt
d p2 (t) p3 (t)
=
dt q2 (t) q3 (t)
= ...
p ( t) p ( t)
3
1
,
q3 ( t ) q1 ( t )
p ( t) p ( t)
1
2
,
q1 ( t ) q2 ( t )
p ( t) p0 ( t)
3
1
,
,
0
q3 ( t ) q1 ( t )
0
0
p2 (t) p3 (t) p3 (t) p1 (t)
,
,
q20 (t) q3 (t) q30 (t) q1 (t)
d
q ( t) d
p ( t)
=
p ( t)
+
q ( t)
dt
dt
=
+
!
!
p10 (t) p2 (t)
q10 (t) q2 (t)
p1 (t) p20 (t)
q1 (t) q20 (t)
x = a sin t
a.
y = b sin t cos t ti im ng vi t =
z = c cos2 t
et
sin t
x=
2
b.
ti im ng vi t = 2.
y=1
cos t
z = et
4 , ( a, b, c
> 0 ).
x a
y b
z c
Li gii.
a.
b.
2
2
2
2
y1
0
Phng trnh php din: ( P) : 22 x + 22 z
2
2
2
2
= 0.
a.
x 2
4
y2
16
z3
12
b.
x 2
8
y1
8
z12
1
c.
x +1
2
y3
1
z
1
2x2 + 3y2 + z2 = 47
ti im B (2, 6, 1)
x2 + 2y2 = z
13
13
14
f ( x, y, z) := x2 + y2 10 = 0
nn
Li gii.
a. Ta c
g ( x, y, z) := y2 + z2 25 = 0
Do n f n g = 2 (21, 8, 3). Vy:
Phng trnh tip tuyn (d) :
x 1
21
y3
8
y1
27
n f = (2, 6, 0)
.
n g = (0, 6, 8)
z4
3
x +2
27
z6
4
14
CHNG
TCH
PHN BI
1. T CH PHN KP
1.1 nh ngha
nh ngha 2.1. Cho hm s f ( x, y) xc nh trong mt min ng, b chn D. Chia
min D mt cch tu thnh n mnh nh. Gi cc mnh v din tch ca chng l
S1 , S2 , ..., Sn . Trong mi mnh Si ly mt im tu M ( xi , yi ) v thnh lp tng tch
n
f ( x, y) dS
f ( x, y) dS =
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy +
[ f ( x, y) + g ( x, y)] dxdy =
15
ZZ
g ( x, y) dxdy
16
k f ( x, y) dxdy = k
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy
f ( x, y) dxdy =
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy +
D1
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy
D2
f ( x, y) dxdy =
Zb
a
dx
Zd
f ( x, y) dy =
Zd
c
dy
Zd
f ( x, y) dx
f ( x, y) dxdy =
Zb
dx
Z( x )
f ( x, y) dy
( x )
f ( x, y) dxdy =
Zd
c
dy
Z(y)
f ( x, y) dx
( y)
5. Nu D l min c hnh dng phc tp, khng c dng 3,4 th thng thng ta s chia
min D thnh mt s hu hn min c dng 3 hoc 4 ri s dng tnh cht cng tnh
a v vic tnh ton nhng tch phn lp trn min c dng 3, 4.
Cc dng bi tp c bn
16
1. Tch phn kp
17
dx
yZ2 ( x )
f ( x, y) dy =
Zdi
dy
i c
i
y1 ( x )
Zi (y)
f ( x, y) dx
i (y)
3. Lm tng t trong trng hp D l hnh thang cong c cc cnh song song vi Ox.
Bi tp 2.1. Thay i th t ly tch phn ca cc tch phn sau:
a)
Z1
0
dx
Z1 x2
f ( x, y) dy
1 x 2
y
1
D1
D2
1 x
Hnh 2.1 a)
Chiamin D thnh hai min con D1 , D2
nh hnh v,
1 6 y 6 0
0 6 y 6 1
D1 :
, D2 :
p
p
1 y2 6 x 6 1 y2
p1 y 6 x 6 p1 y
I=
Z0
dy
Z1y
f ( x, y) dx +
Z1
0
1 y2
17
dy
Z1y
1 y
f ( x, y) dx
18
b)
Z1
1+
dy
Z 1 y
f ( x, y) dx
2 y
2
1
O
2 x
Hnh 2.1 b)
1 6 x 6 2
nn:
Li gii. Ta c: D :
2 x 6 y 6 2x x2
I=
Z2
dx
c)
dx
f ( x, y) dy
2 x
Z2
2x
Z x2
Z 2x
f ( x, y) dx
2x x2
1
Hnh 2.1 c)
0 6 y 6 1
0 6 y 6 1
D1 : y 2
,
D
:
p
p
2
6 x 6 1 1 y2
1 + 1 y2 6 x 6 2
2
, D3 :
Vy:
I=
Z1
0
dy
Z 1 y
y2
2
f ( x, y) dx +
Z1
0
dy
1+
18
Z2
1 y2
f ( x, y) dx +
Z2
1
dy
1 6 y 6 2
y2 6 x 6 2
2
Z2
y2
2
f ( x, y) dx
1. Tch phn kp
d)
Z2
dy
Zy
19
f ( x, y) dx +
Z2
dy
Z4y
f ( x, y) dx
Hnh 2.1 d)
0 6 x 6 2
D:
x 6 y 6 4 x2
Li gii.
nn:
I=
Z2
Z4 x2
dx
f ( x, y) dy
Z1
0
dx
Z1
xey dy.
x2
y
2
1
Hnh 2.2
Li gii. Chng ta bit rng hm s f ( x, y) = xey lin tc trn min D nn chc chn
kh tch trn D. Tuy nhin cc bn c th thy rng nu tnh tch phn trn m lm theo
2
19
20
I=
Z1
dy
Zy
0
y2
xe dx =
Z1
Z1
2
1
1
1 2
x= y
ey .ydy = ey |10 = (e 1)
x=0 dy =
2
2
4
4
y2 x
ZZ
x sin ( x + y ) dxdy, D = ( x, y) R2 : 0 6 y 6
2,0
6x6
Li gii.
I=
Z2
0
b) I =
ZZ
dx
Z2
0
Z2
0
dy
Z2
x sin ( x + y) dx = ... =
Hnh 2.3
Li gii.
I=
Z1
0
dx
Z x
x2
1
x2 y x3 dy = ... =
504
20
1. Tch phn kp
21
| f ( x, y)| dxdy =
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy
D+
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy (1)
(1 )
ZZ
| x + y|dxdy, D : ( x, y) R2 || x 6 1| , |y| 6 1
y
1
D+
O
Li gii. Ta c:
Hnh 2.4
D + = D { x + y > 0} = {1 6 x 6 1, x 6 y 6 1}
D = D { x + y 6 0} = {1 6 x 6 1, 1 6 y 6 x }
21
22
nn:
I=
ZZ
D+
Bi tp 2.5. Tnh
ZZ p
D
( x + y ) dxdy
ZZ
( x + y) dxdy = ... =
8
3
|y x2 |dxdy, D : ( x, y) R2 || x | 6 1, 0 6 y 6 1
y
1
D+
D
O
Hnh 2.5
Li gii.
o n
o
n
D + = D ( x, y) y x2 > 0 = 1 6 x 6 1, x2 6 y 6 1
o
D = D ( x, y) y x2 6 0 = {1 6 x 6 1, 0 6 y 6 x }
n
ZZ q
I=
D+
x2 dxdy +
ZZ q
D
x2 ydxdy = I1 + I2
trong
I1 =
Z1
dx
Z1 q
x2
I2 =
y x2 dy =
Z1
Vy I =
Z1
2
1 x2
dx
Zx q
0
2
x2 ydy =
3
3
Z1
+ 13
22
x =sin t
dx =
4
3
4
| x | dx =
3
3
Z2
Z1
0
x3 dx =
1
3
1. Tch phn kp
23
Dng 4: Tnh cc tch phn kp trong trng hp min ly tch phn l min i
xng.
nh l 2.2. Nu min D l min i xng qua trc Ox (hoc tng ng Oy) v hm l
hm l i vi y (hoc tng ng i vi x) th
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy = 0
f ( x, y) dxdy = 2
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy
D0
Bi tp 2.6. Tnh
ZZ
| x |+|y|61
| x | + |y| dxdy.
y
1
D1
O
Hnh 2.6
Li gii. Do D i xng qua c Ox v Oy, f ( x, y) = | x | + |y| l hm chn vi x, y nn
I=4
ZZ
D1
f ( x, y) dxdy = 4
Z1
0
23
dx
1Z x
( x + y)dy =
4
3
24
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy =
ZZ
Duv
Ch :
Mc ch ca php i bin s l a vic tnh tch phn t min D c hnh dng
phc tp v tnh tch phn trn min Duv n gin hn nh l hnh thang cong hoc
hnh ch nht. Trong nhiu trng hp, php i bin s cn c tc dng lm n
gin biu thc tnh tch phn f ( x, y).
Mt iu ht sc ch trong vic xc nh min Duv l php di bin s tng qut
s bin bin ca min D thnh bin ca min Duv , bin min D b chn thnh min
Duv b chn.
0
u u0
D (u,v)
C th tnh J thng qua J 1 = D( x,y) = 0x 0y .
v x vy
Z1
Zx
u = x + y
a)
dx
f ( x, y) dxdy, nu t
v = x y
0
24
1. Tch phn kp
25
v
2
y
1
D
O
Li gii.
hn na
u = x + y
v = x y
nn
1 x
Hnh 2.7
x = u+v
2
y = uv
1
I=
2
Bi tp 2.8. Tnh I =
1 1
D ( x, y)
=
, | J| =
= 2
1 1
D (u, v )
0 6 x 6 1
D
x 6 y 6 x
ZZ
2 u
O0
Z2
du
Duv
2Z u
0
0 6 u 6 2
0 6 v 6 2 u
u+v uv
dv
,
2
2
1 6 xy 6 4
2
2
4x 2y dxdy, trong D :
x 6 y 6 4x
y
y = 4x
y=x
xy = 4
xy = 1
Hnh 2.8
25
26
u = xy
v = y
x = p u
v
y = uv
khi
I=
Z4
1
du
Z4
1
1 6 u 6 4
, Duv :
, J 1
1 6 v 6 4
1
u
4 2uv . dv =
v
2v
Z4
du
Z4
1
y x
uv
y
= y 1 = 2 = 2 p u = 2v
2 x
x
v
x
Z4
2u
45
3
u dv = udu =
2
2
4
v
1
= OM,Ox
x = r cos
Cng thc i bin:
, trong min bin thin ca r, ph thuc vo hnh
y = r sin
dng ca min D. Khi J =
D ( x,y)
D (r,)
= r , v I =
6 6
2
1
c bit, nu D :
r1 ( ) 6 r 6 r2 ( )
I=
Z2
ZZ
Dr
, th
rZ
2 ( )
r1 ( )
ZZ
min xc nh nh sau:
a) a2 6 x2 + y2 6 b2
26
f ( x, y) dxdy, trong D l
1. Tch phn kp
27
y
b
a
b
a
Hnh 2.9a
Li gii.
0 6 6 2
D:
a 6 r 6 b
I =
Z2
Zb
Hnh 2.9b
Li gii. Ta c:
6 6
3
D: 4
4 cos 6 r 6 8 cos
I =
Z3
8Z
cos
4 cos
Bi tp 2.10. Dng php i bin s trong to cc, hy tnh cc tch phn sau:
a)
ZR
0
dx
R
Z2 x2
0
ln 1 + x2 + y2 dy ( R > 0).
27
28
Hnh 2.10 a
0 6 x 6 R
T biu thc tnh tch phn ta suy ra biu thc gii tch ca min D l:
0 6 y 6 R2 x 2
x = r cos
0 6 6
2
nn chuyn sang to cc, t:
th
y = r sin
0 6 r 6 R
Z2
ZR
ZR
2
2
ln 1 + r d 1 + r
I = d ln 1 + r rdr =
4
0
0
0
i
h 2
2
2
=
R + 1 ln R + 1 R
4
b) Tnh
ZZ
x 2 + ( y 1 )2 = 1
2
xy dxdy, D gii hn bi
x2 + y2 4y = 0
O
Hnh 2.10 b
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
0 6 6
2 sin 6 r 6 4 sin
28
1. Tch phn kp
29
I=
4Z
sin
2 sin
=0
Cch 2: V D i xng qua Oy v xy2 l hm s l i vi x nn I = 0.
Bi tp 2.11. Tnh cc tch phn sau:
a)
ZZ
4y 6 x2 + y2 6 8y
dxdy
2 , trong D :
( x 2 + y2 )
x 6 y 6 x 3
y
y=x 3
y=x
4
O
Hnh 2.11a
Li gii.
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
I=
Z3
b)
ZZ r
8Z
sin
4 sin
1 x 2 y2
dxdy
1+ x 2 + y2
1
1
rdr =
4
2
r
Z3
6 6
3
4
4 sin 6 r 6 8 sin
1
1
2
64 sin 16 sin2
trong D : x2 + y2 6 1
29
3
d =
128
1
1
3
30
Hnh 2.11b
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
Ta c:
I=
Z2
Z1
0
0 6 6 2
0 6 r 6 1
1 r2
u =r2
= 2
rdr
1 + r2
Z1
0
1
2
1u
du
1+u
t
t=
Z1
du =
4t
2 dt
1u
( 1+ t 2 )
1 + u 0 6 t 6 1
Z1
Z1
dt
4dt
+
4
I= t
dt
=
2
2
1 + t2
( 1 + t2 )
( 1 + t2 )
0
0
0
1
1 t
1
+ arctg t 10
= 4 arctg t 0 + 4
2 t2 + 1 2
2
=
2
4t
x2 + y2 6 12
ZZ
x2 + y2 > 2x
xy
dxdy
trong
D
:
c)
x 2 + y2
2 + y2 > 2 3y
x > 0, y > 0
30
1. Tch phn kp
31
y
2 3
D2
D1
O
2 3
Hnh 2.11c
Li gii. Chia min D thnh hai min nh hnh v,
0 6 6
6 6
6
2
D = D1 D2 , D1 =
, D2 = 6
2 cos 6 r 6 2 3
2 3 sin 6 r 6 2 3
Vy I = I1 + I2 , trong
Z6
I1 =
2 cos
I2 =
Z2
nn I =
2Z 3
2Z 3
2 3 sin
sin
1
rdr =
2
2
r
Z6
r2 cos sin
1
rdr
=
r2
2
Z2
r2 cos
17
cos sin 12 4cos2 d = ... =
32
27
cos sin 12 12 sin2 d = ... =
32
11
8
x = ar cos
y2
x2
1. Nu D : a2 + b2 = 1, thc hin php i bin
, J = abr
y = br sin
x = a + r cos
2. Nu D : ( x a)2 + (y b)2 = R2 , thc hin php i bin
y = b + r sin
,J =r
32
Hnh 2.12
Li gii.
x = 2r cos
t
y = 3r sin
Ta c:
I=6
0 6 6 2
J = 6r,
0 6 r 6 1
Z1
Z2
2
2
2
2
36r cos 36r sin rdrd = 6.36 |cos 2| d r3 dr = ... = 216
ZZ
Dr
Bi tp 2.13. Tnh
ZR
0
dx
R
Z2 x2
R2 x 2
Rx x2 y2 dy, ( R > 0)
y
Hnh 2.13
Li gii. T biu thc tnh tch phn suy ra biu thc gii tch ca D l:
0 6 x 6 R
R 2
R2
D:
x
+ y2 6
Rx x2 6 y 6 Rx x2
2
4
32
1. Tch phn kp
33
x = R + rcos
2
t
y = r sin
Vy
I=
Z2
Bi tp 2.14. Tnh
R
Z2 r 2
R
ZZ
r2 rdr
0 6 6 2
| J | = r,
0 6 r 6 R
2
= 2.
R
Z2 r 2
R
1
r2 d
R2
r2
4
R3
12
xydxdy, vi
a) D l mt trn ( x 2)2 + y2 6 1
Hnh 2.14a
Li gii.
nn
x = 2 + r cos
t
y = r sin
I=
Z2
0
Z1
0 6 r 6 1
0 6 6 2
Hnh 2.14b
33
34
nn
x = 2 + r cos
t
y = r sin
I=
Z
0
Z1
0 6 r 6 1
0 6 6
34
4
3
2. Tch phn bi ba
35
2. T CH PHN BI BA
2.1 nh ngha v tnh cht
nh ngha 2.2. Cho hm s f ( x, y, z) xc nh trong mt min ng, b chn V ca khng
gian Oxyz. Chia min V mt cch tu thnh n min nh. Gi cc min v th tch
ca chng l V1 , V2 , ..., Vn . Trong mi min i ly mt im tu M( xi , yi , zi ) v thnh
n
k hiu l
Cc tnh cht c bn
Tnh cht tuyn tnh
ZZZ
[ f ( x, y, z) + g ( x, y, z)] dxdydz =
ZZZ
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz +
ZZZ
k f ( x, y, z) dxdydz = k
g ( x, y, z) dxdydz
ZZZ
ZZZ
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz =
ZZZ
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz +
ZZZ
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz
V2
V1
36
S trn cho thy vic tnh tch phn ba lp c chuyn v tnh tch phn kp (vic
tnh tch phn kp c nghin cu bi trc). ng nhin vic chuyn i ny ph
thuc cht ch vo hnh dng ca min V. Mt ln na, k nng v hnh l rt quan trng.
Nu min V c gii hn bi cc mt z = z1 ( x, y) , z = z2 ( x, y), trong z1 ( x, y) , z2 ( x, y)
l cc hm s lin tc trn min D, D l hnh chiu ca min V ln mt phng Oxy th ta
c:
I=
ZZZ
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz =
ZZ
dxdy
z2Z( x,y)
f ( x, y, z) dz
(2.1)
z1 ( x,y)
i vi z th
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz = 0.
nh l 2.6. Nu ZV
phng z = 0(Oxy) v f ( x, y, z) l hm s
Z
ZZ l min i xng quaZZmt
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz = 2
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz, trong V + l phn pha
chn i vi z th
V
trn mt phng z = 0 ca V.
V+
36
2. Tch phn bi ba
37
Tt nhin chng ta c th thay i vai tr ca z trong hai nh l trn bng x hoc y. Hai
nh l trn c th c chng minh d dng bng phng php i bin s.
0
6
x
6
ZZZ
4
0 6 z 6 1 x 2 y2
Li gii.
I=
1
Z4
dx
Z2x
1 x 2 y2
dy
Bi tp 2.16. Tnh
zdz =
Z4
0
ZZZ
x2 + y
2
dx
Z2x
x
1
1
1 x2 y2 dy =
2
2
dxdydz trong V:
z
z=
Z4
0
10 3
43
x x dx =
3
3072
x 2 + y 2 + z2 = 1
x 2 + y 2 z2 = 0
1 x 2 y2
z=
x 2 + y2
y
O
Hnh 2.16
37
38
ZZZ
V
ZZZ
x2 + y2 dxdydz = 2
I1 =
ZZ
x + y dxdy
1 x 2 y2
dz =
ZZ
x +y
x 2 + y2
0 6 6 2
x = r cos
J = r,
1 nn
y = r sin
0 6 r 6
2
1
I1 =
Z2
0
p
1 r2 r dr
Z2
1
2
d = 2
Vy
Z
0
p
x2 + y2 dxdydz = 2I1 , trong
V1 q
q
V1 : x2 + y2 6 z 6 1 x2 y2
D : x 2 + y2 6 1 ,
2
q
x2
y2
1 r2 r dr =
x2
(r =cos )
...
+ y2
dxdy
2 8 5 2
=
.
5
12
4 8 5 2
.
I=
5
12
ba h mt cong. Gi s cn tnh I =
Thc hin php i bin s
tho mn
x = x (u, v, w )
y = y (u, v, w )
z = z u, v, w
(
)
(2.2)
2. Tch phn bi ba
J=
39
D ( x,y,z)
D (u,v,w)
ZZZ
ZZZ
I=
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz =
Vuvw
Cng ging nh php i bin trong tch phn kp, php i bin trong tch phn bi ba
cng bin bin ca min V thnh bin ca min Vuvw , bin min V b chn thnh min
Vuvw b chn.
x + y + z = 3
ZZZ
dxdydz.
Bi tp 2.17. Tnh th tch min V gii hn bi x + 2y z = 1 bit V =
x + 4y + z = 2
V
u = x+y+z
w = x + 4y + z
u = 3
w = 2
J 1
1 1 1
ZZZ
1
1
D (u, v, w)
1
dudvdw = .6.2.4 = 8
=
= 1 2 1 = 6 J = V =
D ( x, y, z)
6
6
6
1 4 1
Vuvw
x = r cos
D ( x,y,z)
Cng thc i bin y = r sin . nh thc Jacobian ca php bin i l J = D(r,,z) = r,
z = z
ta c:
I=
ZZZ
V
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz =
ZZZ
Vr z
39
40
Nu min V :
( x, y) D
z1 ( x, y) 6 z 6 z2 ( x, y)
I=
Z2
Bi tp 2.18. Tnh
ZZZ
x2
rZ
2 ( )
rdr
r1 ( )
+y
2
, trong D :
z2 (r cosZ,r sin )
1 6 6 2
r1 ( ) 6 r 6 r2 ( )
th:
f (r cos , r sin , z) dz
z1 (r cos ,r sin )
dxdydz, trong V :
x 2 + y2 6 1
16z62
z
2
V
1
y
x
Hnh 2.18
0 6 6 2
x
=
r
cos
Li gii. t y = r sin th 0 6 r 6 1 . Ta c
1 6 z 6 2
z = z
I=
Z2
0
Bi tp 2.19. Tnh
ZZZ
V
Z1
0
r dr
Z2
zdz = ... =
3
4
x2 + y2 dxdydz, trong :
2. Tch phn bi ba
41
z
Hnh 2.19a
66
x
=
r
cos
2
Li gii. a) t y = r sin . T x2 + y2 = 2x suy ra r = 2 cos . Do : 0 6 r 6 2 cos .
z = z
0 6 z 6 a
Vy
I=
Z2
2Z
cos
r dr
Za
zdz = ... =
16a2
9
x
Hnh 2.19b
41
42
0 6 6 2
x
=
r
cos
Li gii. b) t y = r sin , ta c 0 6 r 6 a
. Vy
z = z
0 6 z 6 a2 r 2
I=
Z2
Bi tp 2.20. Tnh I =
Za
r dr
ZZZ
a2 r 2
Z
zdz = 2
Za
r2 .
a2 r 2
2a5
dr =
2
15
y=
z2 + x 2
y=h
x
Hnh 2.20
0 6 6 2
x = r cos
Li gii. t y = r sin , ta c 0 6 r 6 h . Vy
r 6 y 6 h
z = z
I=
Z2
Bi tp 2.21. Tnh I =
ZZZ p
Zh
0
rdr
Zh
ydy = 2
Zh
0
r.
h2 r 2
h4
dr =
2
4
42
x 2 + y 2 = z2
z=1
2. Tch phn bi ba
43
z
y
O
x
Hnh 2.21
x = r cos
0 6 6 2
Li gii. t y = r sin , ta c 0 6 r 6 1 . Vy
z = z
r 6 z 6 1
I=
Z2
0
Bi tp 2.22. Tnh
ZZZ
V
Z1
r dr
dxdydz
x2 + y2 +(z2)2
Z1
dz = 2
Z1
0
, trong V :
43
r2 (1 r ) dr =
x2 + y2 = 1
|z| 1
44
x
Hnh 2.22
x
=
r
cos
0 6 6 2
z0 = z 2
3 6 z 0 6 1
I=
Z2
Z1
0
r 0
r. ln z +
= 2
V lim r ln
Z1
rdr
Z1
Z1
0
r ln
p
dz0
r 2 + z 02
r2
+ z 02
0
z =1
z0 =3 dr
r2 + 1 1 dr
Z1
r ln
= 2 ( I1 I2 )
p
r2 + 9 3 dr
r2 + 1 1 = lim r ln
r2 + 9 3 = 0 nn thc cht I1 , I2 l cc tch phn
r 0
xc nh.
t r2 + 1 = t rdr = tdt, ta c
Z
r ln
Z
p
r2 + 1 1 dr
t ln (t 1) dt
t2
t2
1
= ln (t 1)
dt
2
2 t1
t2 1
t2
t
=
ln (t 1) + C
2
4
2
44
2. Tch phn bi ba
nn
45
1 1
1
t2 1
t2
t 2
I1 =
21
21
| = ln
ln (t 1)
2
4
2 1
2
4 2
9
t
3t
Tng t, I2 = t
2 ln ( t 3) 4 2 + C nn
2
1 3
1
t 9
t2 3t 10
10 3
10 3
I2 =
|3 = ln
ln (t 3)
2
4
2
2
4 2
2
Vy
21
I = 2 ( I1 I2 ) = ln
+ 3 10 8 2
10 3
r
=
OM
\
= OM, Oz
0
\
= OM
, Ox
x = r sin cos
z = r cos
nh thc Jacobian J =
ZZZ
D ( x,y,z)
D (r,,)
f ( x, y, z) dxdydz =
= r2 sin , ta c:
ZZZ
Vr
c bit, nu Vr
I=
6 6 2 , ( 2 1 6 2 )
1
: 1 ( ) 6 6 2 ( )
th
r , 6 r 6 r ,
)
)
2(
1(
Z2
Z
2 ( )
1 ( )
sin d
r2Z(,)
r1 (,)
45
46
Bi tp 2.23. Tnh
ZZZ
x 2 + y2 + z
2
dxdydz, trong V :
1 6 x 2 + y 2 + z2 6 4
x 2 + y 2 6 z2
V1
y
O
x
Hnh 2.23
x = r sin cos
z = r cos
phng trnh x2 + y2 = z2 nn =
4.
Vy
0 6 6 2
066
1 6 r 6 2
nn
I=2
Z2
0
Z4
sin d
Bi tp 2.24. Tnh
Z2
1
ZZZ p
r5
4.31
2 2
r .r dr = 2.2. ( cos ) 04 . 21 =
5
5
!
2
1
2
x2 + y2 + z2 dxdydz trong V : x2 + y2 + z2 6 z.
46
2. Tch phn bi ba
47
y
O
x
Hnh 2.24
x = r sin cos
z = r cos
2.
Do x2 + y2 + z2 6 z nn 0 6 r 6 cos . Vy
I=
Z2
Z2
sin d
r.r2 dr = 2.
cos
Z
Z2
0
sin . cos4 d =
4
10
Nu V :
x2
a2
y2
b2
z2
c2
x = ar sin cos
z = cr cos
47
48
x = a + r sin cos
z = c + r cos
ZZZ
V
x 2 + y2
a2
+ bz2 6
z = bz0
o
n
p
D ( x, y, z)
= a2 br, Vrz0 = 0 6 6 2, 0 6 r 6 1, 0 6 z0 6 1 r2
x = ar cos J =
D (r, , z)
y = ar sin
Vy
I=
Z2
Z1
dr
Z1r2
3 2
bz .ar.a brdz = 2a b
Z1
r2 .
2a3 b2
1 r2
dr =
2
15
x = ar sin cos
o
n
D ( x, y, z)
D (r, , )
2
z = br cos
Vy
I=
Z2
0
Z2
0
Z1
3 2
Bi tp 2.26. Tnh
Z2
cos sin d
ZZZ
V
x2
a2
y2
b2
z2
c2
dxdydz , V :
48
x2
a2
Z1
0
y2
b2
z2
c2
r4 dr =
2a3 b2
15
2. Tch phn bi ba
49
Li gii. t
x = ar sin cos
D ( x, y, z)
= abcr2 sin , Vrz0 = {0 6 6 2, 0 6 6 , 0 6 r 6 1}
y = br sin sin J =
D (r, , )
z = cr cos
Vy
I = abc
Z2
0
Z
0
Z1
r2 .r2 sin =
49
4
abc
5
50
ZZ
dxdy
y = 2x
y = 4
y
y = 2 x
y = 2x
O
Hnh 2.27
ZZ
dxdy =
ZZ
D1
dxdy +
(
ZZ
2 6 x 6 0
6y64
dxdy = 2
D2
ZZ
D1
50
, D2
06x62
2x 6 y 6 4
3
dxdy = ... = 2 8
ln 2
51
y = x2
y2 = x, y2 = 2x
x2 = y, x2 = 2y
x2 = 2y
2x = y2
x = y2
O
Hnh 2.28
Li gii. Ta c S =
ZZ
th
y2
u =
16u62
x
D
:
,
uv
x2
1
6
v
6
2
v =
y
J 1
Vy
y2 2y
D (u, v )
x
= 2xx2
=
2
y
D ( x, y)
xy2
S=
ZZ
Duv
= 3
1
1
dudv =
3
3
y = 0, y2 = 4ax
x + y = 3a, y 6 0 ( a > 0)
52
3a
3a
6a
Hnh 2.29
Li gii. Nhn hnh v ta thy D :
6a 6 y 6 0
nn
y2
6 x 6 3a y
4a
3a
Z y
Z0
ZZ
Z0
y2
dy
dxdy =
3a y
S=
dx =
dy = 18a2
4a
6a
6a
y2
4a
x2 + y2 = 2x, x2 + y2 = 4x
x = y, y = 0
y=x
Hnh 2.30
Li gii. Ta c S =
ZZ
dxdy, t
S=
Z4
0
0 6 6
x = r cos
4
th D :
nn
y = r sin
2 cos 6 r 6 4 cos
4Z
cos
2 cos
rdr =
1
2
Z4
0
52
12 cos2 d =
3 3
+
4
2
53
2
3
cos .
Hnh 2.31
Li gii. Giao ti giao im ca 2 ng trn:
2
r = 1 = cos =
6
3
nn
2 cos
3Z
Z6
Z6
4
3
1
cos2 1 d =
S = 2 d
rdr = 2.
2
3
6
18
0
sin 2
O
x
Hnh 2.32
53
2
54
x = r cos
0 6 6 , 6 6 3
2p
2
D:
0 6 r 6 a sin 2
Do tnh i xng ca hnh v nn
S=2
Z2
0
Zsin 2
rdr =
Z2
a2 sin 2d = a2
1
2
1
2
TCX: y = x 13
Hnh 2.33
(
x = r cos
Tham s ho ng cong cho, t
, phng trnh ng cong tng ng
y = r sin
vi
a sin cos
r=
sin3 + cos3
Kho st v v ng cong cho trong h to cc (xem hnh v 2.33). Ta c
0 6 6 2
D:
a sin cos
0 6 r 6
sin3 + cos3
54
55
nn
S=
Z2
a sin cos
sin3 Z
+cos3
rdr =
Z2
a2
sin2 cos2
t= tg a2
1
.
d =
2
2 3
sin3 + cos3
+
Z
0
d t3 + 1
( t 3 + 1)
a2
6
Bi tp 2.34. Tnh din tch min D gii hn bi ng r = a (1 + cos ) ( a > 0), (ng
Cardioids hay ng hnh tim)
y
a
O
2a
a
Hnh 2.34
Li gii. Ta c
D = {0 6 6 2, 0 6 r 6 a (1 + cos )}
nn
S=2
a (1+
Zcos )
rdr = a
(1 + cos )2 d = ... =
3a2
2
ZZZ
dxdydz
Cc trng hp c bit
1. Vt th hnh tr, mt xung quanh l mt tr c ng sinh song song vi trc
Oz, y l min D trong mt phng Oxy, phaZZtrn gii hn bi mt cong z =
y).
55
56
O
D
x
ZZ
z = f ( x, y)
z = g( x, y)
y
O
D
x
3x + y > 1
y > 0, 0 6 z 6 1 x y
56
57
z
Hnh 2.35
Li gii.
V=
ZZ
f ( x, y) dxdy =
Z1
0
dy
22y
Z3
1 y
3
1
(1 x y ) dx =
6
Z1
0
1
1 2y + y2 dy =
18
z = 4 x 2 y2
2z = 2 + x2 + y2
2z = 2 + x2 + y2
z = 4 x 2 y2
Hnh 2.36
57
58
x 2 + y2 = 2
z=2
ZZ
D
x = r cos
y = r sin
th
2+ x 2 + y2
2
2 + x 2 + y2
4x y
2
2
nn ta c:
dxdy
0 6 6 2
, do
06r6 2
V=
Z2
Z 2
0
3 2
3 r rdr = ... = 3
2
0 6 z 6 1 x 2 y2
.
y > x, y 6 3x
z
1
y
Hnh 2.37
x
Li gii. Do x y
3x nn x, y 0. Ta c
V=
ZZ
D
1 x2 y2 dxdy
58
59
66
x = r cos
4
3 . Vy
th
y = r sin
06r61
Z3
V=
Z1
0
1 r2 rdr = . . . =
48
x2 + y2 + z2 6 4a2
x2 + y2 2ay 6 0
2a
O
2a
2a
Hnh 2.38
ZZ q
D
4a2 x2 y2 dxdy,
x + y 2ay 6 0
x>0
59
. t
0 6 6
x = r cos
2
0 6 r 6 2a sin
y = r sin
60
Vy
V=4
Z2
2aZsin
= 4.
4
3
1
2
Z2
32a3
=
3
Z2
4a2 r2 rdr
3
2 2
2 r =2a sin
d
4a r2 r=0
3
8a3 8a3 cos3 d
2
3
z=0
x 2 y2
Bi tp 2.39. Tnh th tch ca min V gii hn bi z = a2 + b2 .
2
2
x + y = 2x
a2
b2
a
z
z=
x2
a2
y2
b2
O
a
Hnh 2.39
Li gii. Ta c hnh chiu ca V ln mt phng Oxy l min D :
i xng ca min V nn:
ZZ 2
y2
x
+ 2 dxdy,
V=2
a2
b
D+
60
x2
a2
y2
b2
2x
a .
Do tnh cht
61
y2
(
0 6 6
x = ar cos
2
. Vy
t
th | J | = abr,
y = br sin
0 6 r 6 2 cos
2
V=2
Z2
0
2Z
cos
r2 rdr = ... =
3
2
az = x2 + y2
q
Bi tp 2.40. Tnh th tch ca min V :
.
z = x 2 + y2
z
Hnh 2.40
Li gii. Giao tuyn ca hai ng cong:
z=
x 2 + y2
x 2 + y2 =
a
x 2 + y 2 = a2
z=a
61
62
t
x = r cos
y = r sin
th
0 6 6 2
06r6a
V=
Z2
0
. Vy
Za
0
a3
r2
rdr = ... =
r
a
6
z = f ( x, y)
O
D
x
62
CHNG
TCH
Zb
f ( x, y) dx, trong f ( x, y) kh
y y0
y y0
Zb
a
f ( x, y) dx =
Zb
f ( x, y0 ) dx
2) Tnh kh vi.
nh l 3.8. Gi s vi mi y [c, d], f ( x, y) l hm s lin tc theo x trn [ a, b] v
0
f y ( x, y) l hm s lin tc trn [ a, b] [c, d] th I (y) l hm s kh vi trn (c, d) v
63
64
I (y) =
Zb
tch phn.
3) Tnh kh tch.
nh l 3.9. Nu f ( x, y) l hm s lin tc trn [ a, b] [ c, d] th I (y)l hm s kh
tch trn [c, d] , v:
Zd
I (y) dy :=
Zd
c
Zb
a
f ( x, y) dx dy =
Zb
a
Zd
c
f ( x, y) dy dx
Bi tp
Bi tp 3.1. Kho st s lin tc ca tch phn I (y) =
Z1
y f (x)
dx
x 2 + y2
, vi f ( x ) l hm s
y f (x)
x 2 + y2
Z1
f ( x)
dx >
x 2 + 2
Z1
f ( x )
dx 6
x 2 + 2
I () =
2m. 2
Z1
0
Z1
0
.m
x
dx = m.arctg
2
x2
.m
x
dx = m.arctg
2
2
x +
Z1
Li gii.
Vi mi > 0, hm s f n ( x, ) = x lnn x, n = 0, 1, 2, ... lin tc theo x
trn [0, 1]
64
65
f n ( x,)
Z1
x ln
n 1
xdx =
Z1
d n 1
x ln
x dx =
d
Z1
x lnn xdx = In ()
I
=
(
)
n
n +1 .
1
+1
0
( + 1)
b)
Z2
0
ln 1 + y sin2 x dx, vi y > 1.
Li gii. Xt hm s f ( x, y) = ln 1 + y sin2 x tho mn cc iu kin sau:
f ( x, y) = ln 1 + y sin2 x xc nh trn 0, 2 (1, +) v vi mi y > 1 cho
trc, f ( x, y) lin tc theo x trn 0, 2 .
2x
0
Tn ti f y ( x, y) = 1+sin
xc
nh,
lin
tc
trn
0, 2 (1, +) .
2
y sin x
I (y) =
+
Z
0
Z2
0
dt
,0
1+ t 2
sin2 x
dx
1+ y sin2 x
Z2
0
6 t 6 + .
dx
1
+y
sin2 x
1
1
1
dt
y t2 + 1 1 + ( y + 1 ) t2
0
#
p
arctg t y + 1 |0+
t2 dt
=
(t2 + 1) (1 + t2 + yt2 )
"
+
Z
1
1
arctgt|0+ p
y
y+1
!
1
p
1 p
= p
.
=
2y
1+y
2 1+y 1+ 1+y
=
Suy ra
p
1
p
.
dy = ln 1 + 1 + y + C
2 1+y 1+ 1+y
p
Do I (0) = 0 nn C = ln 2 v I (y) = ln 1 + 1 + y ln 2.
I (y) =
I (y) dy =
Z1
0
65
y2 x 2
2 dx.
( x 2 + y2 )
66
Li gii. Ti y = 0 , I (0) =
Z1
0
Z1
Ti y 6= 0 , I (y) =
( x2 +y2 )2x.x
( x 2 + y2 )
dx =
vi mi y 6= 0 .
Z1
0
x
x 2 + y2
1
,
1+ y2
nn I (y) xc nh v lin tc
bZ(y)
a(y)
1) Tnh lin tc
nh l 3.10. Nu hm s f ( x, y) lin tc trn [ a, b ] [c, d] , cc hm s a ( y) , b (y)
lin tc trn [c, d] v tho mn iu kin a 6 a (y) , b (y) 6 b y [ c, d] th J (y) l
mt hm s lin tc i vi y trn [c, d] .
2) Tnh kh vi
nh l 3.11. Nu hm s f ( x, y) lin tc trn [ a, b] [ c, d] , f y ( x, y) lin tc trn
[ a, b ] [c, d] , v a (y) , b (y) kh vi trn [c, d] v tho mn iu kin a 6 a ( y) , b (y) 6
b y [c, d] th J (y) l mt hm s kh vi i vi y trn [ c, d], v ta c:
0
J 0 (y) =
bZ(y)
a(y)
Bi tp
Bi tp 3.4. Tm lim
y 0
1Z+ y
dx
.
1+ x 2 + y2
1Z+ y
y
l 3.10, nn lim
y 0
1Z+ y
y
dx
1+ x 2 + y2
= I (0 ) =
Z1
dx
1+ x 2
= 4 .
66
dx
1+ x 2 + y2
lin tc ti y = 0 da vo nh
+
Z
a
di y tuy pht biu i vi tch phn suy rng loi II (c cn bng v cng) nhng u
c th p dng mt cch thch hp cho trng hp tch phn suy rng loi I (c hm di
du tch phn khng b chn).
1) Du hiu hi t Weierstrass
nh l 3.12. Nu | f ( x, y)| 6 g ( x ) ( x, y) [ a, + ] [ c, d] v nu tch phn suy
rng
+
Z
+
Z
f ( x, y)dx hi t u i vi
y [c, d].
2) Tnh lin tc
rng I (y) =
trn [ c, d].
+
Z
a
3) Tnh kh vi
nh l 3.14. Gi s hm s f ( x, y) xc nh trn [ a, + ] [ c, d] sao cho vi mi y
0
[c, d] , hm s f ( x, y) lin tc i vi x trn [ a, +] v f y ( x, y) lin tc trn [ a, + ]
+
Z
f ( x, y)dx hi t v
+
Z
a
I 0 (y)
f y ( x, y)dx hi t u
0
+
Z
f y ( x, y) dx.
0
4) Tnh kh tch
nh l 3.15. Nu hm s f ( x, y) lin tc trn [ a, + ] [c, d] v nu tch phn suy
rng I (y) hi t u i vi y [c, d] th I (y) l hm s kh tch trn [ c, d] v ta c
67
68
Zd
I (y) dy :=
Zd
c
+
Z
a
f ( x, y) dx dy =
+ Zd
Z
f ( x, y) dy dx.
2.2 Bi tp
Dng 1. Tnh tch phn suy rng ph thuc tham s bng cch i th t ly
tch phn
Gi s cn tnh I (y) =
+
Z
f ( x, y)dx.
Zd
F ( x, y) dy.
I (y) =
+
Z
f ( x, y)dx =
+ Zd
Z
a
F ( x, y) dydx =
Zd
c
+
Z
a
F ( x, y) dx dy
Z1
xb x a
ln x dx,
(0 < a < b ).
Li gii. Ta c:
xb x a
= F ( x, b) F ( x, a) =
ln x
Zb
Fy ( x, y) dy =
Zb
x dy;
xy
F ( x, y) :=
ln x
nn:
Z1
0
xb
xa
dx =
ln x
Z1
0
Zb
a
x dy dx =
y
Zb
a
Z1
0
x dx dy =
Zb
a
1
b+1
dy = ln
y+1
a+1
b)
+
Z
ex e x
dx,
x
69
(, > 0).
Li gii. Ta c:
ex e x
x
F (x,y): = e
yx
x
F ( x, ) F ( x, ) =
Fy ( x, y) =
eyx dy
nn:
+
Z
ex e x
+ Z
Z
dx =
yx
dy dx =
+
Z
ex e x
x2
+
Z
yx
dx dy =
dy
= ln .
y
Li gii. Ta c:
2
ex
2
e x
x2
F (x,y): = e
yx 2
x2
nn:
+
2
2
Z
ex e x
x2
Vi iu kin bit
F ( x, ) F ( x, ) =
dx =
+
Z
2
e x dx
+ Z
Z
ta c
Suy ra I =
2 y dy
+
Z
Fy ( x, y) dy =
eyx dy
e x y dx =
+
Z
0
2 y.
e x y dx dy
e x y dy dx =
.
+
Z
sin cx
, (a, b, c > 0).
e ax sin bx
x
Li gii. Ta c:
ax sin bx
sin cx
x
F (x,y)=
e ax sin yx
x
F ( x, b) F ( x, c) =
69
Zb
c
Fy ( x, y) dy =
Zb
c
e ax cos yxdx
70
+ Zb
Z
e ax cos yxdx
v I =
Zb
a
dy
a2 + y2
e ax cos yxdy dx =
a2 +a y2 e ax
cos yx +
Zb
c
y
e ax
a2 + y2
+
Z
0
e ax cos yxdx dy
+
Z
e ax cos yxdx =
a
,
a2 + y2
= arctg ba arctg ac .
+
Z
f ( x, y)dx.
B1. Tnh
I 0 (y)
bng cch
I 0 (y)
+
Z
f y ( x, y) dx.
B2. Dng cng thc Newton-Leibniz khi phc li I (y) bng cch I (y) =
I 0 (y) dy.
Ch : Phi kim tra iu kin chuyn du o hm qua tch phn trong nh l 3.14.
Bi tp 3.6. Chng minh rng tch phn ph thuc tham s I (y) =
+
Z
arctg( x + y)
dx
1+ x 2
l mt
arctg( x + y)
1+ x 2
arctg(x+y)
1+ x 2 6
lin tc trn [, + ] [, + ].
1
2 . 1+ x 2
trn [, +].
, m
+
Z
1
1+ x 2
= hi t, nn I (y) =
+
Z
arctg( x + y)
dx
1+ x 2
hi t u
I 0 (y)
+
Z
70
1
dx.
(1+ x2 ) [1+( x + y)2 ]
71
1
+B
= Ax
+ Cx+ D 2 , dng phng php ng nht h s ta thu c:A
1+ x 2
1+( x + y)
(1+ x2 )[1+( x + y)2 ]
2
2
1
, B = y(y2 +4) , C = y2 +4 , D = y23+4 . Do :
y(y2 +4)
1
I 0 (y) = 2
y +4
1
+4
4
= 2
y +4
y2
Suy ra I (y) =
#
2x + 3y
2x + y
+
1 + x2
1 + ( x + y)2
i
h
2
2
ln 1 + x + y arctg x + ln 1 + ( x + y) + y arctg ( x + y) |+
x =
"
+
Z
I 0 (y) dy
+
Z
arctg x
dx
1+ x 2
= 0 nn C = 0 v
y
2
I (y) = 2 arctg
Z1
xb x a
ln x dx,
(0 < a < b ).
Li gii. t I ( a) =
Z1
xb x a
ln x dx,
f ( x, a) =
xb x a
ln x .
Ta c:
xb x a
ln x lin tc trn theo x trn [0, 1]
= x a lin tc trn [0, 1] (0, +).
f ( x, a) =
0
f a ( x, a)
Z1
f a ( x, a)dx =
Z1
0
vi mi 0 < a < b.
Do theo nh l 3.14,
0
I ( a) =
Z1
0
f a ( x, a) dx =
1
I ( a) =
a+1
I 0 ( a) da = ln ( a + 1) + C.
+1
Mt khc I (b) = 0 nn C = ln (b + 1) v do I ( a) = ln ba+
1.
b)
+
Z
ex e x
dx,
x
(, > 0).
Li gii. t I () =
+
Z
ex e x
dx,
x
f ( x, ) =
71
ex e x
.
x
Ta c:
72
f ( x, ) =
0
f ( x, )
+
Z
mi , > 0.
+
Z
f ( x, ) dx =
ex dx = 1 hi t u i vi trn mi khong [, +)
|ex |
ex ,
+
Z
ex dx =
hi t.
Do theo nh l 3.14,
+
Z
I () =
f ( x, ) dx =
1
I () =
I 0 () d = ln + C.
Mt khc, I ( ) = 0 nn C = ln v I = ln .
c)
+
Z
ex e x
x2
+
Z
Li gii. t I () =
ex e x
x2
dx, f ( x, ) =
ex e x
x2
. Ta c:
f ( x, ) =
ex e x
x2
+
Z
f ( x, ) dx =
+
Z
2
ex dx
x = y
+
Z
ey
dy
1
2 .
hi t u theo
2
2
trn mi [, + ) theo tiu chun Weierstrass, tht vy, ex 6 ex m
0
+
Z
ex dx hi t.
2
Do theo nh l 3.14,
0
I ( ) =
+
Z
0
f ( x, ) dx =
Mt khc, I ( ) = 0 nn C =
d)
+
Z
1
. I () =
2
I 0 () d = . + C.
p
p
. v I () =
.
dx
n +1
( x2 + y)
72
Li gii. t In (y) =
73
dx
n+1 , f n ( x, y )
( x 2 + y)
1
n +1 .
( x2 + y)
Khi :
[ In1 (y)]y =
+
Z
0
dx
= n
n
2
( x + y)
y
+
Z
0
dx
( x2 + y)
n +1
0
1
= n.In (y) In = ( In1 ) .
n
1
1
Tng t, In1 = n
1 ( In 2 ) , In 2 = n 2 ( In 3 ) , ..., I1 = ( I0 ) .
Do , In (y) =
In (y) =
(1)n
n!
[ I0 (y)]
(n )
+
Z
. M I0 (y) =
1
dx
x2 + y
(2n 1)!! 1
2 . (2n)!! . y2n+1 .
1 arctg x |+
y
y 0
2 y
nn
Cc hm s f ( x, y) =
x2 + y
, f y ( x, y) =
(n )
2
( x2 + y)
, ..., f yn ( x, y) =
f ( x, y) dx,
1
dx, ...,
x2 +
+
Z
1
n+1 dx
( x2 + )
lin tc
u hi t, do
f y ( x, y) dx, ...,
+
Z
0.
e)
+
Z
+
Z
(1)n
n +1
( x 2 + y)
+
Z
sin cx
e ax sin bx
dx (a, b, c > 0) .
x
Li gii. t I (b) =
+
Z
sin cx
sin cx
e ax sin bx
dx, f ( x, b) = e ax sin bx
. Ta c:
x
x
+
Z
f b ( x, b) dx =
+
Z
e ax cos bx
a2 +a b2 e ax
cos bx +
b
e ax sin bx
a2 + b 2
+
0 =
| e ax cos bx |
2
e ax
+
Z
e ax dx hi t.
2
73
a
a2 + b 2
74
Do theo nh l 3.14, Ib ( x, b) =
0
Mt khc I (c) = 0 nn C =
f)
+
Z
a
, I = a2 +a b2 db = arctg ba
a2 + b 2
arctg ac v I = arctg ba arctg ac .
+ C.
Li gii. t I (y) =
+
Z
+
Z
f y ( x, y) dx =
+
Z
0
2
xe x
sin yxdx =
1 x2
2e
sin yx 0+
1
2
+
Z
ye x cos yxdx =
y
2 I
(y)
+
Z
2
2
0
x
hi t u theo tiu chun Weierstrass, tht vy, f y ( x, y) 6 xe , m
xe x dx =
1
2
hi t.
Do theo nh l 3.14,
M I (0) = C =
I 0 (y)
I (y)
nn I (y) =
y2
= 2 I = Ce 4 .
y
y4
2 e
Nhn xt:
Vic kim tra cc iu kin o hm qua du tch phn hay iu kin i th t
ly tch phn i khi khng d dng cht no.
+
Z
Cc tch phn
f ( x, ) dx cu b, c, d ch hi t u trn khong [, + ) vi mi
0
+
Z
74
75
3. T CH PHN EULER
3.1 Hm Gamma
( p) =
+
Z
x p1 e x dx xc nh trn (0, +)
Cc cng thc
1. H bc: ( p + 1) = p ( p) , ( n) =
(1)n ()
.
(1 )(2 )...(n )
2. c
nn (n) = (n 1)! n N.
bit, (1) = 1
(2n 1)!!
1
.
2 = nn n + 12 = 22
3. o hm ca hm Gamma:
( k)
( p) =
+
Z
0
4. ( p) . (1 p ) =
sin p
x p1
ln x .e x dx.
0 < p < 1.
3.2 Hm Beta
Dng 1: B ( p, q) =
Dng 2: B ( p, q) =
Z1
x p1 (1 x )
0
+
Z
q 1
x p 1
dx.
(1+ x ) p + q
dx.
Z2
m+1 n +1
2 , 2
= 2
Z2
B ( p, q) =
B ( p, q) =
p1
p+ q 1 B ( p 1, q) ,
q 1
p+ q 1 B ( p, q 1) ,
nu p > 1
nu q > 1
76
B (m, n) =
B ( p, n) =
( m1)!(n 1)!
, m, n N
(m+ n 1)!
(n 1)!
n
( p+ n 1)( p+ n 2)...( p+1) p
N.
( p) (q )
.
( p+ q)
sin p .
3.3 Bi tp
Z2
Bi tp 3.8. Biu th
Li gii. t sin x =
t 0 6 t 6 1, cos xdx =
Z2
Z2
0
sin x 1 sin x
n 1
2
dt
2 t
1
. cos xdx =
2
Z2
0
m
2
t (1 t )
n 1
2
12
1
dt = B
2
m+1 n+1
,
2
2
a)
Z2
Li gii. Ta c
1
I= B
2
b)
Za
0
7 5
,
2 2
7
2
1
= .
2
( 6)
5
2
1
1
5!! 3!!
3
+
2
+
2
2
3
1
1 23 . 22
=
= .
= .
2
( 6)
2
5!
512
x2n a2 x2 dx ( a > 0) .
Li gii. t x = a t dx =
adt
2 t
Z1
2n +2
1
a2n+2
adt
a
1
3
n 21
I = a t .a (1 t) . =
. t
B n+ ,
(1 t) 2 dt =
2
2
2 2
2 t
0
0
1
3
(2n 1)!!
n
+
2n
+
2
.
2 2
a2n+2
a2n+2 (2n 1)!!
a
n
2
. 2
=
=
=
2
( n + 2)
2
2 (2n + 2)!!
( n + 1) !
Z1
2n n
1
2
76
c)
+
Z
77
x10 e x dx
Li gii. t x =
+
Z
I=
t dx =
dt
2 t
dt
1
t e . =
2
2 t
d)
5 t
+
Z
1
t e dt =
2
9
2
11
2
1 9!!
9!!
= . 5 =
.
2 2
26
+
Z
x
2 dx
(1+ x 2 )
Li gii. t x2 = t 2xdx = dt
I=
+ 41 dt
Z
t .
1
=
2
2
(1 + t )
2 t
+
Z
0
Vy
1
I= B
2
e)
+
Z
3 5
,
4 4
p 1 = 1
1
4
= B ( p, q) vi
2
2
(1 + t )
p+q = 2
1
t 4 dt
1 5 1
= .3 4 5
B
2 4 + 4 1
3 1
,
4 4
1
= .B
8
3 1
,
4 4
p =
q =
= .
=
8 sin 4
4 2
1
dx
1+ x 3
Li gii. t x3 = t dx = 13 t 3 dt
2
1
I=
3
f)
+
Z
0
x n +1
dx,
(1+ x n )
+ 2
Z
t 3 dt
1
= B
1+t
3
1 2
,
3 3
1
2
=
3 sin 3
3 3
(2 < n N )
Li gii. t x n = t dx = n1 t n 1 dt
1
I=
+
Z
1
.
n
1
2
2
dt = B
+ 1, 1
n
n
n
(1 + t)2
(1 + t)2
0
2
2
2
2
n
.
= 2
B
,1
2
n
n
n sin 2
+1 + 1 n 1
n
n +1
n
2
n
. n1 t n 1 dt
1
=
n
+
Z
77
tn
3
4
5
4
78
g)
dx,
n
1 x n
n N
Li gii. t x n = t dx = n1 t n 1 dt
1
I=
Z1 1 n1 1
dt
nt
0
1
1 =
n
(1 t ) n
Z1
0
1
n 1
. (1 t )
78
n1
1
dt = B
n
1
1
,1
n
n
1
n sin n
CHNG
TCH
PHN NG
1. T CH PHN NG LOI I
1.1 nh ngha
c . Chia cung AB
c thnh n cung
Cho hm s f ( x, y) xc nh trn mt cung phng AB
nh, gi tn v di ca chng ln lt l s1 , s2 , ...sn . Trn mi cung si ly mt im
n
Ch :
c
Tch phn ng loi mt khng ph thuc vo hng ca cung AB.
c
AB
c
AB
ds.
80
f ( x, y) ds =
Zb
f ( x, y ( x ))
c
AB
1 + y02 ( x )dx.
f ( x, y) ds =
Zd
f ( x (y) , y)
c
AB
1 + x 02 (y)dy.
f ( x, y)ds =
Zt2
f ( x (t), y(t))
t1
c
AB
(1 )
(2 )
(3 )
f ( x, y) ds =
Z2
f (r ( ) cos , r ( ) sin )
c
AB
r2 ( ) + r 02 ( )d
1.3 Bi tp
Bi tp 4.1. Tnh
x = 1 + cos t
Li gii. t
y = sin t
I=
Z2
0
Bi tp 4.2. Tnh
, 0 6 t 6 2
(1 + cos t sin t)
x = a ( t sin t)
2
y ds, C l ng cong
y = a (1 cos t)
80
, 0 6 t 6 2, a > 0.
(4 )
x 0 (t) = a (1 cos t)
y0 (t) = a sin t
I=
Bi tp 4.3. Tnh
Z p
C
Li gii.
I=
81
Z2r
0
a2
Z2
0
t
2
t
256a3
a2 (1 cos t)2 .2a sin dt =
.
2
15
x = a (cos t + t sin t)
x2 + y2 ds, C l ng
y = a (sin t t cos t)
x 0 (t) = at cos t
y0 (t) = at sin t
a3
(cos t + t sin t) + (sin t t cos t) .atdt =
3
2
81
, 0 6 t 6 2, a > 0.
q
3
(1 + 4 2 )
82
2. T CH PHN NG LOI II
2.1 nh ngha
c Chia cung AB
c thnh n cung nh
Cho hai hm s P ( x, y) , Q ( x, y) xc nh trn cung AB.
c v cch chn cc im Mi
sao cho max xi 0, khng ph thuc vo cch chia cung AB
c , k
c giZl tch phn ng loi hai ca cc hm s P ( x, y) , Q ( x, y) dc theo cung AB
hiu l
P ( x, y) dx + Q ( x, y) dy.
c
AB
Ch :
c nu i chiu trn ng
Tch phn ng loi hai ph thuc Zvo hng ca cung AB,
Z
ly tch phn th tch phn i du,
c
AB
P ( x, y) dx + Q ( x, y) dy =
P ( x, y) dx + Q ( x, y) dy.
c
BA
Tch phn ng loi hai c cc tnh cht ging nh tch phn xc nh.
Pdx + Qdy =
Zb
a
c
AB
P ( x, y ( x )) + Q ( x, y ( x )) .y0 ( x ) dx.
(5 )
Pdx + Qdy =
Zd
c
c
AB
P x (y) .x 0 (y) dy, y + Q ( x (y) , y).
x = x ( t)
c c cho bi phng trnh
3. Nu cung AB
y = y ( t)
(6 )
, im u v im cui tng
ng vi t = t1 , t = t2 th
Z
c
AB
Pdx + Qdy =
Zt2
t1
P ( x (t) , y (t)) .x 0 (t) + Q ( x (t) , y (t)) y0 (t) dt
82
(7 )
83
Bi tp
Bi tp 4.4. Tnh
c l cung parabol y = x2 t
x2 2xy dx + 2xy y2 dy, trong AB
c
AB
Z2 h
1
Bi tp 4.5. Tnh
x 2x
+ 2x x
.2x dx =
41
.
30
x = a(t sin t)
x2 2xy dx + 2xy y2 dy trong C l ng cong
y = a(1 cos t)
Z2
0
{[2a(t sin t) a(1 cos t)] a(1 cos t) + a(t sin t).a sin t} dt
Z2
= a2
Z2
=a
0
= a2 4 2 6 .
Bi tp 4.6. Tnh
ABCA
2 x2 + y2 dx + x (4y + 3) dy ABCA l ng gp khc i qua
y
C
B
1
O
A
Hnh 4.6
83
84
Li gii. Ta c
I=
... +
AB
Z1 h
0
... +
BC
2 y +y
...
CA
2
+ y (4y + 3) dy +
Z2
1
i
h
2 (2 y)2 + y2 . (1) + (2 y) (4y + 3) dy + 0
=3
Bi tp 4.7. Tnh
ABCDA
dx + dy
| x |+|y|
trong ABCDA l ng gp khc qua A(1, 0), B(0, 1), C(1, 0), D (0
y
1B
C
1
A
D
Li gii. Ta c
nn
Hnh 4.7
AB : x + y = 1
BC : x y = 1
CD : x + y = 1
DA : x y = 1
I=
... +
AB
= 0+
BC
Z1
BC
dx = dy
dx + dy = 0
dx = dy
Z
... +
CD
2dx
+0+
x+y
2dx +
... +
dx + dy = 0
Z1
2dx
=0
84
DA
DA
2dx
xy
85
x
=
t
sin
t
x 2 + y2
Bi tp 4.8. Tnh
dx + dy trong y = t cos t
2
C
0 t 2
4
Li gii. t u =
x = u2 sin u
t0 u ,
y = u2 cos u
I=
Z2 h
u
0
Z 3
u
0
+ 2u cos udu
3
= 2 + 2
2
D
C
x
x
y
C
Ch :
85
86
Pdx + Qdy =
ZZ
Q
D
P
dxdy
y
tnh trc tip, tnh nh cng thc Green ri so snh cc kt qu, vi C l ng:
a) x2 + y2 = R2
y
Hnh 4.9 a
Cch
2: S dng cng thc Green
P( x, y) = xy + x + y
P
Q
x y = y x
Q( x, y) = xy + x y
Cch
1: Tnh trc tip
x = R cos t
t
0 t
y = R sin t
I = ...
R3
=
2
Z2
I =
ZZ
(y x ) dxdy
ZZ
ydxdy
x 2 + y2 6 R 2
x 2 + y2 6 R 2
=0
=0
b) x2 + y2 = 2x
y
86
Hnh 4.9 b
ZZ
x 2 + y2 6 R 2
xdxdy
87
2
2
2
2
Cch
1: Tnh trc tip. Ta c x + y = 2x ( x 1) + y = 1 nn
x = 1 + cos t
t
, 0 t 2
y = sin t
I=
Z2
{[(1 + cos t) sin t + 1 + cos t + sin t] ( sin t) + [(1 + cos t) sin t + 1 + cos t sin t] cos t}dt
0
Z2
0
2 sin t + cos t cos t sin t + cos t sin t cos t sin t + cos t sin t dt
= ...
=
Cch 2:
S dng cng thc Green.
P( x, y) = xy + x + y
Ta c:
Q
x
Q( x, y) = xy + x y
I =
ZZ
( x 1) 2 + y2 61
I=
Z2
Z2
P
y
x = r cos
(y x ) dxdy, t
y = r sin
2Z
cos
0
1
2
(sin cos ) .4 cos 2 cos d
2
c)
x2
a2
y2
b2
= yx
= 1, (a, b > 0)
87
2
2
88
x = a cos t
0 t 2
x 0 (t) = a sin t
t
y = b sin t
y0 (t) = b cos t
Cch
2: S dng cng thc Green
P( x, y) = xy + x + y
P
Q
x y = y x
Q( x, y) = xy + x y
I =
I = ...
Z2
0
y2
x2
+ 2 61
a2
b
ab sin t + ab cos t dt
ZZ
x 2 + y 2 61
a2
b2
=0
Bi tp 4.10. Tnh
ZZ
(y x ) dxdy
ydxdy
ZZ
xdxdy
x 2 + y 2 61
a2
b2
=0
Z
x2 y +
x
4
x2 + y2 =2x
dy y2 x +
y
4 dx.
Hnh 4.10
Li gii. p dng cng thc Green ta c:
Z
Z
Z
Z
Q P
3 2 3 2
3 2
2
I=
4xydxdy = 0
4xy + x + y dxdy =
dxdy =
x + y dxdy v
x
y
4
4
4
D
D
D
D
x = r cos
t
, ta c 2 2 , 0 r 2 cos . Vy
y = r sin
3
I=
4
Bi tp 4.11. Tnh
OABO
Z2
2Z
cos
0
3
r2 .rdr =
4
Z2
4 cos4 =
88
89
y
B
A
1
O
Hnh 4.11
P ( x, y) = e x (1 cos y)
Li gii. t
Q ( x, y) = e x (y sin y)
Q
x
ZZ
e x ydxdy
P
y
= e x y.
I=
D
Z1
dx
1
=
2
2Z x
Z1
0
e x ydy
e x (4x 4) dx
= 4 2e
Bi tp 4.12. Tnh
x2 + y2 =2x
( xy + e x sin x + x + y) dx ( xy ey + x sin y) dy
y
Hnh 4.12
P ( x, y) = xy + e x sin x + x + y
Li gii. t
Q ( x, y) = xy ey + x sin y
89
Q
x
P
y
= y x 2.
90
I=
ZZ
D
ZZ
D
y x 2dxdy
x 2dxdy v
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
Z2
ZZ
ydxdy = 0
, 0 r 2 cos
2
2
2Z
cos
0
(r cos 2) rdr
= 3
3
H
xy4 + x2 + y cos xy dx + x3 + xy2 x + x cos xy dy
Bi tp 4.13. Tnh
C
x = a cos t
trong C
( a > 0 ).
y = a sin t
y
Hnh 4.13
P ( x, y) = xy4 + x2 + y cos xy
Li gii. t
Q ( x, y) = x3 + xy2 x + x cos xy
3
90
Q
x
P
y
= x2 + y2 4xy3 1.
91
ZZ
x2 + y2 4xy3 1dxdy
D
ZZ
D
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
Z2
0
ZZ
x + y 1dxdy v
2
Za
0
4
a
4xy3 dxdy = 0
0 2, 0 ra
r 1 rdr
ZZ
1dxdy =
Ly P( x, y) =
P
y
= 1 ta c:
Pdx + Qdy
xdy
Ly P( x, y) = y, Q( x, y) = 0 th S ( D ) =
1
2y
Ly P( x, y) = 0, Q( x, y) = x th S ( D ) =
1
2 x, Q ( x, y)
Q
x
th S ( D ) =
1
2
ydx
Z
xdy ydx
Bi tp4.14. Dng tch phn ng loi II, tnh din tch ca min gii hn bi mt nhp
x = a(t sin t)
v Ox (a > 0).
xycloit
y = a(1 cos t)
y
Hnh 4.14
91
A
2
92
xdy =
xdy +
AmO
xdy =
Z0
OnA
P
Q
=
vi mi ( x, y) D.
x
y
2.
3.
AB
nm trong D.
4. Pdx + Qdy l vi phn ton phn. Ngha l c hm s u( x, y) sao cho du = Pdx + Qdy.
Hm u c th c tm theo cng thc:
u( x, y) =
Zx
P( x, y0 )dx +
x0
Zy
Q( x, y)dy =
Zx
x0
y0
P( x, y)dx +
Zy
Q( x0 , y)dy
y0
(1 )
Bi tp 4.15. Tnh
93
(Z3,0)
x4 + 4xy3 dx + 6x2 y2 5y4 dy.
(2,1)
B
x
Hnh 4.15
0
0
Li gii. Nhn xt rng x4 + 4xy3 y = 6x2 y2 5y4 x nn tch phn cho khng ph
Pdx + Qdy +
AC
Bi tp 4.16. Tnh
2, )
(Z
(1, )
y2
x2
Pdx + Qdy = 62
CB
cos
y
x
y
y
y
dx + sin x + x cos x dy
P = 1 y2 cos y
x
x2
Li gii. t
Q = sin y + y cos y
x
1 2 x
Hnh 4.16
P
y =
Q
x
2y
= x2 cos x +
y2
x3
Z2
1
1 cos dx +
Z2
1
93
(sin + cos ) dx = 1
94
94
CHNG
TCH
PHN MT
1. T CH PHN MT LOI I
1.1 nh ngha
Cho hm s f ( x, y, z) xc nh trn mt cong S. Chia mt cong S thnh n mt nh
n
khi n v max d(Si ) 0 khng ph thuc vo cch chia mt cong S v cch chn
1 i n
f ( x, y, z)dS.
1.3 Bi tp
Bi tp 5.1. Tnh
ZZ
S
z + 2x +
4y
3
dS trong S = ( x, y, z) | x2 +
95
y
3
96
A
x
Hnh 5.1
p = z 0 = 2
p
x
y
x
2 + q2 dxdy = 61 dxdy nn
Mt khc z = 4(1 2 3 )
1
+
p
dS
=
3
q = z0 = 4
y
3
I=
ZZ
D
x y
4y
4 1
+ 2x +
2 3
3
Bi tp 5.2. Tnh
ZZ
3Z 3x
Z2
2
61
61
dx
dxdy = 4
dy = 4 61
3
3
x2 + y2 dS, S = ( x, y, z) |z = z2 + y2 , 0 6 z 6 1 .
z
1
x
Hnh 5.2
96
97
2 + y2 6 1
x,
y
|
x
Li gii. Ta c hnh chiu
ca
mt
cong
ln
mt
phng
Oxy
l
D
=
(
)
p = z0 = 2x
x
2
2
Mt khc, z = x + y
nn
q = z0 = 2y
y
I=
ZZ
x +y
q
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
I=
Z2
Z1
Z5
=
=
16
r2
Z1
r2
0 2, 0 r 1
1 + 4r2 rdr
1 + 4r2 d 1 + 4r2
t 1
tdt tt = 1 + 4r2
4
!
20 5
4
+
3
15
97
98
2. T CH PHN MT LOI II
2.1 nh hng mt cong
Cho mt cong S trong khng gian. Ti mi im M chnh quy ca mt cong S c hai
(cos i , cos i , cos i ). Gii hn, nu c, ca tng [ P ( Mi ) cos i + Q ( Mi ) cos i + R ( Mi ) cos i ]Si
i =1
ZZ
Pdydz +
{z
I1
ZZ
Qdzdx +
{z
I2
ZZ
Rdxdy .
{z
I3
Ngi ta tnh tch phn mt loi II bng cch a v tch phn kp. Chng hn xt tch
phn I3 . Gi s mt S c phng trnh z = z( x, y), z( x, y) cng vi cc o hm ring ca
chng lin tc trn min D l hnh chiu ca S ln mt phng Oxy. Khi :
98
99
Rdxdy =
ZZ
R ( x, y, z ( x, y)) dxdy
Rdxdy =
ZZ
R ( x, y, z ( x, y)) dxdy
ZZ
z x2 + y2 dxdy, trong S l na mt cu x2 + y2 + z2 = 1, z > 0,
n ( x, y, z)
y
O
D:
x2
+ z2
a2
Hnh 5.3
p
Li gii. Ta c mt z = 1 x2 y2 , hnh chiu ca S ln mt phng Oxy l min D :
x2 + y2 1, hn na
n to vi Oz mt gc nhn nn:
ZZ q
2
2
2
2
I=
1 x y x + y dxdy
D
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
Z2
4
15
Z1 p
0
0 2, 0 r 1
1 r2 r3 dr
99
100
Bi tp 5.4. Tnh
0, y > 0, z > 0.
ZZ
y2
4
n ( x, y, z)
y
Hnh 5.4
x
Li gii. Tnh I1 =
ZZ
ydxdz
Mt S : y = 2 1 x2 z2
Hnh chiu ca S ln Oxz l
1
4
hnh trn, D1 : x2 + z2 1, x 0, z 0.
= (
n , Oy l gc nhn.
nn:
I=
ZZ
D1
1 x2 z2 dxdz
x = r cos
t
z = r sin
Z2
=
3
Tnh I2 =
ZZ
Z1 p
,0 r 1
2
1 r2 rdr
z2 dxdy
Mt S : z2 = 1 x2
y2
4
1
4
elip, D2 : x2 +
= (
n , Oz l gc nhn.
100
y2
4
1, x 0, y 0.
+ z2 = 1, x >
101
nn:
I=
ZZ
D2
1 x2
y2
dxdy
4
x = r cos
t
y = 2r sin
Z2
0
=
4
Vy I =
Z1
0
, 0 r 1, J = 2r
2
(1 r2 )2rdr
7
12
Bi tp 5.5. Tnh
R 2 , z 0.
ZZ
Hnh 5.5
Li gii. Ta c:
Mt S : z =
R2 x 2 y 2
= (
n , Oz) l gc nhn.
101
102
nn:
I=
ZZ
2 2
x y
R2 x2 y2 dxdy
D
x = r cos
t
y = r sin
I=
Z2
0
ZR
2R7
0 2, 0 r R, J = r
sin2 cos2
R2 r2 .r5 dr
105
ZZZ
V
P Q R
+
+
x
y
z
dxdydz
ZZZ
V
P Q R
+
+
x
y
z
dxdydz
+ z2
a2 .
ZZ
102
103
z
n ( x, y, z)
Hnh 5.6
3dxdydz = 3V = 4a2
Bi tp 5.7. Tnh
ZZZ
ZZ
y 2 + z 2 = R2 .
x = r sin cos
t y = r sin sin
z = r cos
I=3
Z2
Z
0
ZR
0 2
0
0 r R
r4 sin dr
12R5
5
103
, J = r2 sin
104
Bi tp 5.8. Tnh
ZZ
0, y 0, x2 + y2 1, z x2 + y2 .
z
Hnh 5.8
ZZZ
V
y2 + z + x2 dxdydz
x = r cos
y = r sin
z = z
Z2
0
=
8
Bi tp 5.9. Tnh
x2
+ y2 , a
ZZ
Z1
0
dr
Zr
0
0r1
0 z r 2
, J = r
r2 + z rdr
6 z 6 1, a > 0.
104
105
z
n
a
y
a1
1a
x
Hnh 5.9
Li gii. p dng cng thc Ostrogradsky ta c:
I=
ZZZ
V
1
3dxdydz = 3V = 3. Bh = (1 a)3
3
ZZ
106
y
O
Li gii. Ta c y =
(
n , Oy) < 2 nn
Hnh 5.10
n = (y0x , 1, y0z ) =
Do |
n|=
x2
1 x 2 z2
+ 1 + 1 xz2 z2 =
x
1 x 2 z2
1
.
1 x 2 z2
, 1,
z
1 x 2 z2
Vy
cos = cos(
n , Ox ) =
cos = cos(
n , Oy) =
n1
=x
|n|
n2
=y
|n|
n3
=z
|
n|
ZZ
ZZ
=0
106
CHNG
L
THUYT TRNG
1. T RNG V HNG
1.1 nh ngha
nh ngha 6.3. Cho l mt tp con m ca R3 (hoc R2 ). Mt hm s
u:R
( x, y, z) 7 u = u( x, y, z)
( x x )2 + ( y y )2 + ( z z )2
nu M0 M l
0
0
0
=
(6.1)
p
( x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 + (z z0 )2 nu
M0 M l
4u
c gi l o hm theo hng l ti M0 ca trng
0
u
v hng u v c k hiu l
( M0 ).
l
Gii hn (nu c) ca t s lim
Ch :
107
108
Nu l Ox th
( M0 )
l
u
x ( M0 ).
l 6= 0 ti M0 v
u
u
u
u
(6.2)
1.3 Gradient
nh ngha 6.5. Cho u( x, y, z) l trng v hng c cc o hm ring ti M0 ( x0 , y0 , z0 ).
Ngi ta gi gradient ca u ti M0 l vct
u
u
u
( M0 ), ( M0 ), ( M0 )
x
y
z
v c k hiu l gradu( M0 ).
u
( M0 ) = gradu.~l
~l
u
( M0 ) th hin tc bin thin ca trng v hng u ti M0 theo hng ~l.
~
l
u
~ ~
u
T cng thc
( M0 ) = gradu.l = gradu l . cos gradu,~l ta c ( M0 ) t gi tr ln
~l
~l
~
nht bng gradu l nu ~l c cng phng vi grad u. C th
Ch :
Theo hng ~l, trng v hng u tng nhanh nht ti M0 nu ~l c cng phng, cng
hng vi grad u.
Theo hng ~l, trng v hng u gim nhanh nht ti M0 nu ~l c cng phng,
1. Trng v hng
109
1.4 Bi tp
Li gii. Ta c AB = (1, 2, 2) nn
1
1
,
cos = =
3
| AB |
2
2
cos = = ,
3
| AB |
2
2
cos = =
,
3
| AB |
u
u
= 3x2
( A) = 12
x
x
u
u
= 6y2
( A) = 0
y
x
u
u
= 9z2
( A ) = 9
z
x
( A) = 12. 3 + 0. 3 + (9). 3 = 2
l
nn gradu = (9, 3, 3) v gradu = 92 + 32 + 32 = 3 11.
gradu =
E
graduOz gradu, k = 0
x2 = yz
gradu = 0 y2 = zx
z2 = xy
u
x
= 0 z2 = xy
x=y=z
110
u
~ ~
u
~
Li gii. T cng thc
(O) = gradu.l = gradu l . cos gradu, l ta c (O) t gi
~l
~l
~
tr ln nht bng gradu l nu ~l c cng phng vi gradu(O) = (0, 1, 0).
p
p
gradz1 =
gradz2 =
2x 2 ,
x +y
1+
y
x 2 + y2
nn gradz1 ( M) = 53 , 45 .
3y
, 3 + 3x
2 y
2 x
nn gradz2 ( M) = 2, 94 . Vy
D E
gradz1 , gradz2
12
cos = =
5 145
gradz1 . gradz2
110
2. Trng vct
111
2. T RNG VCT
2.1 nh ngha
Cho l mt min m trong R3 . Mt hm vct
F : R3
M 7 F = F ( M ),
trong
F = Fx ( M) i + Fy ( M) j + Fz ( M) k
ZZ
(6.3)
Fy
Fz
x
ring cp mt th tng F
x + y + z c gi l dive ca trng vct F v k hiu
l div F .
i
j
k
rot F := x y z
Fx
111
Fy
Fz
112
2.4 Trng th - hm th v
) l rot F ( M) = 0 vi mi M .
Zx
Fx ( x, y0 , z0 )dx +
x0
Zy
Fy ( x, y, z0 )dy +
Zz
Fz ( x, y, z)dz + C
(6.5)
z0
y0
2.5 Bi tp
Bi tp 6.6. Trong cc trng sau, trng no l trng th?
a.
a = 5( x2 4xy) i + (3x2 2y) j + k .
b.
a = yz i + xz j + xy k .
c.
a = ( x + y) i + ( x + z) j + (z + x ) k .
Li gii.
a. Ta c
rot
a =
y
Q
, z
R R
x , x
P P
= (0, 0, 6x 20y) 6= 0
nn a l trng th.
c. Ta c
rot
a =
y
Q
, z
R R
112
x , x
P P
= (0, 0, 0)
2. Trng vct
113
nn
a l trng th. Hm th v c tnh theo cng thc 6.5:
u=
Zx
Fx (t, y0 , z0 )dt +
x0
Zx
Fy ( x, t, z0 )dt +
tdt +
( x + 0)dt +
+ xy +
Zz
Fz ( x, y, t)dt + C
z0
y0
Zy
x2
Zy
Zz
(t + y)dt + C
z2
2
+ yz + C
ZZ
ZZZ
( x2 + y2 + z2 )dxdydz
Z2
0
x = r sin cos
y = r sin sin
z = r cos
Z1
r2 .r2 sin dr =
0 2
0
0 r 1
, J = r2 sin
4
5
113
114
y
Q
ZZ
ZZS
S
dydz + z
R
R
x dzdx
+ x
P
dxdy
Q
= 0 (theo bi tp 5.10).
114