DISTINGUISHING GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS: OLD ALLUVIUM (OA), FORT CANNING BOULDER BED (FCBB) AND JURONG FORMATION AUNG KYAW HTOONJURONG FORMATION Queenstown Facies (Jq) - purple— red clay, clayey sand, silt, fine sand with minor tuff, directly on granite, separate by yellow clayey sand and tuff from Tengah or Aver Chawan Facies, interdigitated with Tengah Facies, subaerial deposit, terrentrial weathering, ephemeral lacustrine or alluvial deposits, deltaic muddy sediments Jong Faces (1) = Conglomerates, sandstone es frequently mudstone: pebbles of subrounded to rounded clasts, 6 to 10 em, up to 30cm, heavy veining by quartz ‘Ayer Chawan Facies (Jac) :- tuffaceous debris, black sandstone, black mudstone, and ‘minor black to red conglomerates. Pandan Facies (Jp):~ first discovered in 1987, Pandan limestone, dark grey to black. Rimau Facies (J1):- Sarang Rimau at north tip of Sentosa, Quartzite and Conglomerate, ccross- bedding, current-bedding, shallow water, near shore, deltaic St. John Facies (Isp): pale grey muddy sandstone, well defined, ripple marked beds, current beddings, graded bedding minor intraformational breccias. Lenses of coal, flysch- like characteristic, laterally passed into Queenstown Facies, youngest sediments of Jurong formation. ‘Tengah Facies (Jt) :- All rocks of Jurong Formation found in Singapore that have not been included within the other facies. Muddy fine to medium grained poorly lithified sandstone. Mura Schist- not formal geological unit rather sa zone of welldeveloped cleavage in rocks otherwise recognized as sediments of the Queenstown, Jong and Tengah Facies. ‘Voleanie Rocks within the Jurong Formation :- Spilite, Tuff, Chert, Dolerites Redding & Christensen (1999) based on seismic records — depositional history generally “non- ‘marine molasse basin” ‘Age «late Triassic to early Jurassic.HB evo ST.JOHN IMA PANDAN JONG ‘QUEENSTOWN st.uoHN's ISLAND, Diagrammatic representation not drawn to scale of facies relations in the rong Formation3. Ayer Chanwan Facies 4, Pandan FaciesVolcanic Rock (Rhyolite) in Jurong FormationRADE OF JURONG FORMATION Grade Basis for Assessment Rock completely degradedto a soi, in which none of the original fabric Residual | VI remains. Can be crumbled by hand. ‘Completely Rock weathered down to soil-like material, but bedding intact. Material slakes Weathered | linwater ‘ore can be broken by hand or consists oF gravel size pieces. Generally highly 10 very highly fractured, but majority of sample consists of lithorelies. (RQD Highly IV__ generally =0, but RQD should not be used as major guide for assessment), For ‘Weathered siltstone, shale, sandstone, quartzite and conglomerate, the slake test can be used| (0 differentiate between Grade V (slake) and Grade IV (does not slake). ‘onsiderably weakened and discoloured, but larger pieces can not be broken by Moderately | 77 hand. (RQD is generally >, but RQD should not be used as major criteria for Weathered assessment) Slightly 11__ Slehily weakened slighily discolouration, partially along joints Weathered Fresh Intact strength, uneffécted by weathering, RockFORT CANNING BOULDER BED Nowson (1954)-lens or rounded shape fresh sandstone boulders Ito 9m ina hard, multicoloured, red and white, silty clay not show any stratification — as Boulder Clay. It was called Fort Canning Boulder Bed — LTA — Shirlaw et al (2003) (KY), Colluvial Deposit. Consisting of generally unfractured sandstone or quartzite boulders in hard matrix of sandy clay or sandy silt, deep red, yellow and white, purple. Cathay Building, Telok Ayer Street, Boon Tat Street, Singapore River, Old Shore line near Raffles Quay. Raffles Place, Fort Canning Park, Mt. Sophia, Mt Emily, Plaza Singapura, and Marina Wharf. Age — Late Cretaceous — any time between late Triassic and late Tertiary.lhe EH HT Figures. From shilaw & et al‘Sketch : Probable origin of Fort Canning Boulder BedSandstone Cobbles & Gravels 0 PSSA nO c= OF BH AT S304 Mudstone Cobbles & GravelsColumn Verticality check on site400. 10 FcBB Core SamplesInside Lauching ShaftOLD ALLUVIUM Older Alluvium (OA) was introduced by Alexander (1950). Walker (1973) introduced ‘Old Alluvium’ No formal definition of the Old Alluvium, Coarse, angular, Clayey Sand, with stringers of subrounded pebbles up to 4em in diameter. Cross-bedded grade bedded, cut & fill structures Pebbles dominantly quartz, thyolite, chert and argillite pebbles. Deltaic— Fluvial — Braided stream deposits. late Tertiary to early Mid-Pleistocene Hardpan - high SPT value Conversely, sudden drop in SPT N-value if uniform sand which is not completely filled of stabilising fluid (from Guidance Note on Weathering Classifications and Description, LTA 2003),WEATHERING CLASSIFICATION OF OLD ALLUVIUM Class Classifier Characteristics Indicative N Value No bedding remains =10 B Residual Greatly weakened, often mottled, T1030 D Destructed bedding disturbed c Distinctly Further weakened 30 to 50 Weathered Partially Slightly reduced strength $50 (can not usually be B ul trated by CPT Weathered penetrated by CPTs TT ; with 20 ton load original strengd se A | Unweathered capacity)NVALUE: 10/30 DEPTH +:29,9-3035m LUE: 12/30, 0M ven. te DEPTH :35,0.35,45m NVALUE: 45/90. OM DEPTH :32.9-33.35m cM "| BERTH NVALUE * ori ny ste DEPTH 380.3023 M NVALUE :100/28 CM |OA Cemented Clay, Marina South (-60m ) ill TBM Cemented Gritty Sand, Marina South (-60m)Marina South ———— (-60m)(SPT sample) Seletar | A. aie = @. JCLL A, sl Re as FT coasctoninon |SOME CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF OLD ALLUVIUM. FORT CANNING BOULDER BED AND JURONG FORMATION No Basis FCoE “Jurong Formation Remarks 1 iin (Collniad (Complete post sedimentary Processes 2 [Deposional Environment Near Shore / Dale Bradided Base of the slope scarp Maine Basin / Lagoon Delta anne! (Alluvial) Estuarine 3 eontnaty ‘ontinuous/ til so Tok [Discontinuity of Yooks and sols (Continuous rock 3 Source of Origin PPitferent Sources {Weathered Jurong Formation Different Sources [Pisingushing Colour Warious shades of gresish fedlish brown, dark purplish —[Dillewent Facies difereat ey, light grey, reyish white ¥ [eiholowy Hiomogenous interingering|inhomogenous gravels © [Homogenous, alternation of course and fine boulders mixed with sandy clay lifferent rock types. sit © Sedimentary ome Fluvial stares Disoriented Sructres (Original structures Structure T Weathering Grade ering grade defined by Weathering grade depends on Weathering grade depends on strength and colour depth fer deposit farmed depth and thology 3 Constancy of jenerally, no conssteney in [Noconsistency of strength in Generally consistent in svength Iength srength boulders depend on rock ypes land fine matrix > [Formational Interingurng layers oF coarse Mixture of boulders gravels [Defined by separate ypes of Stracure nd ine sediments in fine mati rocks layers TD istinguishing Features | Colour, grave, sedimentary (Colour, Gravel- boulder, insu rock pes, oiginal bleaching surfaces and foundness of boulders and cobbles ‘sementary rock textures. (Dr Khin Maung Latt & Aung Kyaw Htoon, 2011)ow 1§ 100 196NZO5-24E5° 2800 90 sl ~ 425°929e 1005 90w 19 ne"to 3-663 na b FCBBJURONG FORMATIONTHANK YOU