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Nut an
U vao =230V50Hz
Tiep iem
U ra =24VDC
Bo nguon
R - le
Hnh 5.3: Van 2/2 ieu khien trc tiep bang nam cham ien.
Chng 5: ieu khien bang ien - kh nen.
72
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Cau tao va ky hieu cua van ao chieu 3/2 ieu khien trc tiep bang nam cham
ien c bieu dien trong hnh 5.4.
Ky hieu
A
P R
Hnh 5.4: Van 3/2 ieu khien trc tiep bang lo xo.
5.1.2. ieu khien gian tiep:
Nguyen ly hoat ong cua van ao chieu 3/2 ieu khien gian tiep bang nam
cham ien va kh nen c bieu dien trong hnh 5.5 gom hai van: van chnh va van
phu tr. Khi van v tr khong ca noi vi nguon P se noi vi nhanh b, e van chnh
nam v tr b.
Cau tao cua van ao chieu 3/2 ieu khien gian tiep bang nam cham ien c
bieu dien hnh 5.5.
Cuon day
Loi sat
Lo xo
Van phu tr
Ky hieu
Pt tong phu
Van chnh
A
P R
R
A
P
Nong van
Hnh 5.5: Cau tao va ky hieu van ao chieu 3/2 ieu khien gian tiep bang nam cham
ien va kh nen.
d/ Mot so van ao chieu:
R P
73
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Hnh 5.6: Cau tao van ao chieu ieu khien gian tiep bang nam cham va kh nen.
5.2. CAC PHAN T IEN:
5.2.1. Cong tac:
Trong ky thuat ieu khien, cong tac, nut an thuoc cac phan t a tn hieu. Hnh
5.7 gii thieu hai loai cong tac thong dung: cong tac ong m va cong tac chuyen
mach quay.
Ky hieu
5.2.3. R le:
Trong ky thuat ieu khien, r le c s dung nh la phan t x ly tn hieu. Co
nhieu loai rle khac nhau, tuy theo cong dung. Nguyen tac hoat ong cua rle la t
trng cuon day. Trong qua trnh ong m se co hien tng t cam.
- R le ong mach:
Nguyen ly hoat ong cua rle ong mach c bieu dien hnh 5.9. Khi dong
ien vao cuon day cam ng, xuat hien lc t trng hut loi sat, tren o co lap cac tiep
iem. Cac tiep iem co the la cac tiep iem chnh e ong m mach chnh va cac tiep
Chng 5: ieu khien bang ien - kh nen.
74
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iem phu e ong m mach ieu khien. Rle ong mach ng dung cho mach co cong
suat ln t 1 kW 500kW.
Ky hieu
Ky hieu
3
4 2
1
A1
on bay
K
A2
Ky hieu
D
R2
R1 C
K1
75
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trch cha, bien tr R1 nh van tiet lu. ong thi tu ien co nhiem vu lam giam ien
ap qua tai trong qua trnh ngat.
+
S1
Ky hieu
D
R2
R1 C
K1
Ky hieu
Pt - tong
Can pt - tong
76
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en phat quang
Vat chan
Tn hieu ra
Bo loc
Transistor quang
Bo khuech ai
Bo phan nhan
Bo ngat nh v
K1
K 10
M
ong c
77
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Vi bo ngat S1 r - le K1 qua bao ve K10 noi mach ien xoay chieu vao ong c
M1. en bao H11 cua bo ngat nh v sang neu ong c c noi mang va tat neu ong
c ng yen. Tn hieu thay oi khi bo ngat nh v khong con b tac ong.
- S o bieu dien tach:
s o nay moi thiet b ien c bieu dien bang mot oan dong. Cac oan
mach can c anh so va ve t tren xuong di va ke ben nhau.
Trong s o nay, ngi ta chia ra hai loai mach c ban trong ieu khien. Mac
ieu khien bao gom cac thiet b a tn hieu, thiet b ieu khien .v.v Mach ong lc
bieu dien s ket noi cua nguon ong lc vi c cau chap hanh.
Mach ieu khien 24 V DC Mach bao ve (220 V AC)
S1
K1
K1
K1
H1
K 10
78
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oi vi lien ket NOT cac tiep iem c au song song. R - le K1 hoat ong
vi ieu kien bo ngat nh v S1 khong tac ong. Trng hp S1 c tac ong r - le
K1 ieu khien tiep iem thng ong m ra, mach ong lc b ngat. Lien he nay c
bieu dien bang ham so mach, ky hieu K1 = S1.
Lien ket nay thng hay gap trong trng hp mach ieu khien ong c ien
xoay chieu 3 pha thay oi chieu quay trong qua trnh lam viec. Th du: K1 ieu khien
cho ong c quay phai, K2 ieu khien cho ong c quay trai. e ong ngat K1 va K2
co the dung tiep iem co nh v nh c hoc, hoac tiep iem thng m K1 ket hp vi
lien ket NOT e khoa tiep iem K2 va ngc lai khi muon oi chieu quay.
S1
S1
S2
K1
S1
S1
S2
K2
K1
Lien ket OR
K1
K1
K2
Lien ket NOT
S 2 (Ngat)
S1 (Khi ong)
S 3 (Ngat)
K 1 (Tiep iem duy tr)
K1
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Thng m
M cham
Nha cham
- Nut an:
Thng m
- Rle:
Nha muon
- Cam bien:
Fe
Cam ng t
ien dung
Quang
80
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+
Xy - lanh 1.0
Y5
SP R
Xy - lanh lui ve
S1
Xy - lanh i ti
S2
5
K2
K2
K2
Tiep iem
t duy tr
Y5
H3
Xy - lanh 1.0
Xy - lanh 1.0
S2
Nut an S4a
Cong tac hanh
trnh ien c S2
R le thi gian
tac ong muon K 2
0
1
0
1
Y 6a
1.1
A
a
SP R
81
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Xy - lanh lui ve
S4
S2
Xy - lanh i ti
S 4a
K2
H3
K4
K4
K4
Tiep iem
t duy tr
Y6a
H5
Hnh 5.23: Mach ieu khien t duy tr vi rle thi gian tac ong muon.
c/ Mach ieu khien ket hp vi thuy lc (dau ep):
Quy trnh gia cong cua may khoan c bieu dien hnh 5.23. Trong trng
hp may khong hoat ong, au khoan phai nam v tr pha tren, cho nen chon van ao
chieu bang nam cham ien va lo xo.
Y1
S 7.0
S 7.1
S 7.2
P
Bieu o trang thai
Chc nang
Y1
Y2
au khoan i ti (nhanh)
Khoan (cham)
S 7.0
S 7.1
S 7.2
1
S0
S2
S1
S3
S 7.4
K1
K2
3
K1
K3
K1
K4
K3
S 7.1
S 7.0
K4
K2
K2
K4
K5
K1
K4
K5
K3
10
9
K5
11
12
K4
K5
K5
S 7.2
K5
K6
K6
Y1
Y2
82
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Quy trnh mach ieu khien theo nhp vi 2 xy lanh bieu dien tren hnh 5.25.
Khi tac ong vao nut an S5, cac xy lanh se thc hien theo quy trnh e ra.
B
S1
S2
S1
S2
Y1
S3
S4
A+ B+ B-
A- KT
Y2
S3
S4
Xy - lanh
Y1 Y2
S1
S5
K1
S2
K2
S4
K3
S3
K5
K1
K2
K3
K1
K2
K3
K4
SET
K4
K4
K5
K1
K2
K4
K3
Y1
Y2
83
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S1
Y1
S2
Y2
S3
Y3
S1
S5
S2
K1
K1
K2
S3
K3
A- KT
K4
K5
K3
Y1 Y3 Y 4 Y2
SET
K4
K1
K2
K3
K4
Ch
ua
n
K5
A+ B+ B-
Y4
S4
K2
Xy - lanh
S4
K2
K1
K3
K4
K5
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
Xo
a
Y1
Y3
Y4
Y2
Hnh 5.28: Quy trnh ieu khien vi van ao chieu xung 4/2.
- Mach ieu khien vi chon che o lam viec:
Quy trnh gia cong cung tng t vi v du tren. ieu kien yeu cau tiep theo la
xy - lanh B chuyen ong, khi thoa man ieu kien la ap suat trong xy - lanh A at c
gia tr cho phep. Nh vay ap suat trong xy - lanh A (xy - lanh) kep chi tiet c kiem
soat bang rle ap suat - ien.
A (Kep chi tiet)
R - le ap suat
S6
S2
Y1
S4
Y2
S8
S6
S4
S8
S10
S2
S10
Y3
+
S2
S4
B (au khoan)
S15
K 17
S8
K8
S 20
K 15
Thao
K17
S22
Kep
K 15 K 28
K24
K 17
S24a
K8
Tien
K 20
K 15 K
28
K4
K2
K4
K6
A
K8
K10
B
K15
K17
Chon che o
lam viec
K 20
K 22
A
K 24
K10
K17
K2
K 17
K6
S8
S 24
Lui
S2
S10
K 24
K 28
B
A thong bao
(sau khi a lui ve)
Hnh 5.29: Quy trnh gia cong vi chon che o lam viec va s o mach ien ieu
khien.
84
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K 20
K 22
Y1
K 24
Y2 Y3
A
Kep
Thao
Tien/lui
Sc
K1
e2
K1
T1
T2
K1
S
Sc
K1
K1
K1
e3
e2
K1
K2
K2
K2
K2
T2
T1
T3
85
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a1
A
a0
b1
B
b0
B
a0
Y1
a1
Y2
b0
Y3
b1
Y4
S
K1
K1
a0
K1
b1
a1
K1
Y1
b0
Y3
Y4
Y2
Tang 1
Tang 2
a1
a0
b1
a0
b0
c1
Y1
c0
a1
Y2
b0
Y3
Y4
b1
c0
Y5
c1
Y6
S
a0
K1
K1
K1
c1
b1
K1
K2
K2
K2
K2
Y1
Y3
Tang 1
c0
b0
a1
Y4
Y5
Tang 2
Y6
Y2
Tang 3
86