Chng III: o Lng Ri Ro

Cu 1: Th no l tn tht trc tip tn tht gin tip. Cho v d minh ha.

Tn tht trc tip l hu qu trc tip nguy him gy ra cho ngi hay vt.
VD: La thu ri mi nh ca hng, tn tht trc tip l chi ph sa cha mi nh
b hng.
Tn tht gin tip lin h n s hng hc trc tip gy ra do mi nguy him,
nhng cc hu qu v ti chnh khng phi l hu qu trc tip t tc ng ca
nguy him ln ngi hay vt.
VD: tht thu ca ch ca hng khi ng ca sa cha l tn tht gin tip.
Tn tht gin tip thng kh thy, mc d hu qu c th ln hn tn tht trc
tip rt nhiu.
Cu 2: Phn tch cc quan nim o lng chi ph n ca mt tai nn. Quan im
no c th p dng vo iu kin Vit Nam hin nay.
Quan im ca HEINRICH v tai nn cng nghip, chi ph n bao gm:
Chi ph thi gian bi mt ca ngi b nn
Chi ph thi gian bi mt ca cc cng nhn khc do phi ngng vic gip
ngi b nn
Chi ph thi gian bi mt ca cc qun c v cc vin chc khc chun b
bo co v o to ngi thay th.
Chi ph do nguyn liu, my mc, dng c v cc ti sn khc b hng.
Chi ph ca ngi ch do tip tc tr lng y cho ngi b nn khi h
tr li lm vic, trong khi nng sut ca h do cha hi phc c th thp hn
trc kia.
Cc chi ph xy ra nh l hu qu v mt tinh thn ca tai nn (s lo lng,
cng thng).
Theo quan im ca SIMONDS v GRIMALDI, cch tnh chi ph cho tai nn
thng thng vi cc chi ph khng c bo him c trnh by nh cc h s
n gin ca chi ph c bo him:
Tng chi ph = chi ph bo him
+ A* s trng hp mt thgian
+ B* s trng hp a n bc s (khng mt thgian)
+ C* s trng hp chi cn s cu

+ D* S tai nn khng gy tn thng nhng gy thit hi v ti sn vt qua mt

gii hn xc nh.
Trong A,B,C,D l chi ph khng c bo him trung bnh ca tng loi trng
hp trong thi gian quan st.
Theo Bird v German, da trn cch phn loi chi ph trong k ton xc nh
nh :
Nhn Lc:
Tng chi ph tr cp cho cng nhn
Lng v chi ph thuc men tr trong thi gian khng lm vic ngoi
phn tr cp.
Thi gian b mt trong ngy xy ra tai nn v cc ngy sau
Thi gian cng nhn b nn phi lm vic nh hoc nng sut gim.
My mc, thit b, nguyn vt liu:
Chi ph sa cha hoc thay th thit b
Thi gian sn xut b mt.

Quan im no c th p dng vo iu kin Vit Nam

hin nay.
Quan im ca Bird v German c th p dng vo VN hin nay, n l cch tnh
chi ph cho mi tai nn (theo sch gio khoa) u vit hn so vi 2 cch trc .
http://nilp.org.vn/nckh/id/666/Buoc-dau-xac-dinh-chi-phi-kinh-te-cho-tai-nan-laodong-va-benh-nghe-nghiep
Tuy nhin nguyn tc ny vn cha thc s hon thin v c xu hng c lng
chi ph thp hn thc t. VN c th p dng cch nh gi theo EU-OSHA (quan
diem c nhn)
T chc EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work) c tnh
chi ph, cn phi xem xt 5 loi chi ph sau:
Chi ph sx: chi ph lin quan n gim nng sut lao ng
Chi ph y t: bao gm chi ph v thuc men, v chi ph gin tip nh thi gian ca
ngi chm sc ngi b nn .
Chi ph v s suy gim cht lng cuc sng: nh gi chi ph ny da trn mc
suy gim cht lng cuc sng, s chu ng au n v th cht, tinh thn.
Chi ph hnh chnh: chi ph bo co tai nn, gii trnh, lin quan n cc th tc
hnh chnh.
Chi ph bo him: chi ph do bn bao him chi tr, bi thng.

5 loi chi ph ny, nu phn chia theo ngi b nh hng, s gm nhng ngi
sau:
Gia nh v ngi b nn, ngi s dng lao ng, chnh ph, x hi.

Cu 3: Phn tch cc khi nim hu nh khng xy ra, him khi xy ra, thnh
thong, xy ra thng xuyn. Cho v d minh ha.
Vic o lng, nh gi ri ro c th da vo tn sut xut hin (kh nng xy ra
ri ro):
hu nh khng xy ra : theo nh qun tr, bin c ny s khng xy ra
VD: TP HCM b l lt
him khi xy ra : mc d c th xy ra, cho ti by gi, bin c vn cha xy ra
v khng c v g l s xy ra
VD: VN chin tranh vi Trung Quc
thnh thong c xy ra : ngha l mi xy ra gn y v c th hi vng s xy ra
lc no trong tng lai
VD: ng t ti TP HCM.
thng xy ra : ngha l n xy ra thng xuyn v c th hi vng s xy ra
thng xuyn trong tng lai
VD: L lt min Trung xy ra hng nm.
Cu 4: Phn tch cc khi nim tn tht ln nht c th c, ln nht c l c, ln
nht ton b hng nm c l c ca 1 hoc 1 i tng ri ro.
Tn tht ln nht c th c (maximum possible loss) l gi tr thit hi ln nht c
th xy ra, c th nhn thc c.
Tn tht ln nht c l c (maximum probable loss) l gi tr thit hi ln nht m
nh qun tr tin l c th xy ra. Thit hi thng thng kh c th vt qua tn
tht ny v n khng th vt qua Tn tht ln nht c th c
Tn tht ton b hng nm ln nht c l c: l lng tn tht ln nht m mt hay
mt nhm i tng ri ro c th chu trong sut nm m nh qun tr tin l c th
xy ra.

VD: ngi thu cn h khi b trm cp

Tn tht ln nht c th c : Mt ht ton b ti sn trong nh
Tn tht ln nht c l c: Mt cc ti sn c gi tr cao.