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9708/03
ECONOMICS
Paper 3 Multiple Choice (Extension)
May/June 2004
1 hour
Additional Materials:
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income inequalities
What is not held constant when calculating the income effect of a change in the price of a good?
A
Its marginal physical product and its marginal revenue both fall.
To increase its labour force from 50 to 51 workers, a firm has to increase the daily wage rate from
$600 to $610.
What is the marginal cost of labour per day?
A
$10
$510
$610
female wages
decrease
decrease
decrease
increase
increase
decrease
increase
increase
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$1110
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6
In the diagram, MRPL is a firms marginal revenue product of labour curve, S is its supply of
labour curve, and MCL its marginal cost of labour curve.
MCL
W4
W3
W2
W1
MRPL
O
N1
N2
labour
Assuming profit maximisation, how many workers will the firm employ and what wage will it pay?
number
employed
wage
N1
W3
N1
W1
N2
W2
N2
W4
An industry consists of a large number of firms, all of which produce an identical product.
What could explain why the demand curve facing each individual firm is downward-sloping?
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cost,
revenue
P2
P1
AR
O
Q2
Q1
output
MR
The monopolist is currently producing output OQ1 and charging a price OP1.
How might the monopolist make a profit?
A
TR
revenue
output
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11 The diagram shows an industry producing under conditions of constant average costs.
X
cost,
revenue
LRAC, LRMC
AR
O
MR
output
Under perfect competition, the industry produces output OV.
Which area measures the increase in the industrys profits if it were to become a monopoly?
A
XYSO
XYWT
XYZT
YZW
12 A perfectly competitive firm is producing 2000 boxes of biscuits per week, which it sells for $2.50
per box. The table shows the firms costs.
total fixed cost
$2000
$4000
marginal cost
$2.50
In the short run, what should the firm do to maximise its profits or minimise its losses?
A
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13 A firm employs three factors of production. The table shows the marginal products of these
factors and their respective costs at the current level of output.
land
labour
capital
marginal
product (units)
Which adjustment in factor use would be most likely to bring the firm nearer to the least-cost
combination of inputs for its current output level?
land
labour
capital
less
no change
more
less
no change
no change
more
less
no change
more
less
more
14 The diagram shows the demand and cost curves of a monopolist who initially produces at his
profit-maximising level of output.
MC
AC
cost,
revenue
D
O
output
If the monopolist were required by the government to adopt marginal cost pricing, what would be
the effect on the price charged and the output produced?
price
output
increase
increase
increase
decrease
decrease
increase
decrease
decrease
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15 The diagram shows the market supply and demand curves for corn.
D
P2
P1
price
output
buy quantity KR
buy quantity LR
sell quantity KL
sell quantity OL
16 A country's national income per head falls, but there is a rise in consumption.
What could explain this?
A
a fall in population
17 In a closed economy with no government sector the multiplier shows the impact of a change in
A
consumption on investment.
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18 The diagram shows an economy's consumption function.
C
consumption
income
What might explain why the consumption function shifts over time?
A
19 In an economy, the marginal propensity to consume of the unemployed is higher than that of
taxpayers.
The government increases both expenditure on unemployment benefits and taxation by
$10 million.
What will be the impact on aggregate demand?
A
It will be unchanged.
20 A closed economy is initially in equilibrium with a national income of $100 million, and a capital
stock of $25 million. Aggregate demand increases by $10 million.
According to the accelerator principle, by how much will net investment increase?
A
$10 m
$5 m
$2.5 m
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$2 m
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22 According to monetarist theory, what will be the short-run effect of an unexpected increase in the
money supply?
A
an increase in employment
24 A closed economy has a banking system consisting of a single bank. The bank operates with a
cash ratio of 10 %.
Customers deposit $10 000 in cash.
Assuming no subsequent change in notes and coins in circulation what is the maximum amount
of loans that the bank can create?
A
$1000
$9000
$90 000
$100 000
25 Between 2000 and 2002 national output in the United States increased by 2 %.
Over the same period the unemployment rate increased from 4 % to 6 %.
What would explain this?
A
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26 The natural rate of unemployment in an economy is 5 %.
What will happen if a government persists in trying to achieve a target rate of unemployment of
3 % by expansionary monetary policy?
A
27 Which policy is most likely to result in a decrease in the natural rate of unemployment?
A
investment expenditure
29 What is most likely to be increased by a policy of increased direct taxes and lower government
spending?
A
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BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department
of the University of Cambridge.
9708/03/M/J/04