Problem ‘Solving 5 Using Equations For each problem; define avariable in the appropfiate units, write an equation, and solve it to find the answer to the question. ~ A A. \ ~ ‘Ata movie theatre, 365 tickets wer sold, some at $5 and the rest at $3.50. \ Total ticket sales amounted to \ $1763.50. How many of each price ticket were sold? In the opening games of the season, the Torches scored 6 more goals. than the Flames. Altogether the two teams scored 104 goals, How many goals were scored. by each team? A football costs three times as much as a basketball in sH6Heveules Sport Shop. In one month, the shopsold 41 basketbafis and 13, \. footballs for a total of $1244, Whatis tie-price-ofa football?” In one season, the Canadiens played 80 games, 7 of which were ties, ‘They won 17 more games than they lost, What was theit win-loss record for the season? Marc has read 148 pages in a book with 568 pages. If he reads 35 pages a day each day, how many days will it take him to finish the book? A family spent $1260 on atrip toa resort. It cost them $504 to get to q and retum from the resort. If they spent 9 days at the resort, what were their average daily expenses while they were there? ‘Avending machine contains nickels, quarters, and-dimes with a total value of $83.75. There are twice as many dimes as nickels, and 50, more quarters than dimes. How many of each coin are in the machine? Louise, Michelle, and Penny worked for 38 h raking leaves. Louise worked twice as long as Michelle, and Michelle worked 2 h more than Penny. How long did each of them work? The Hawks" performance improved in each quarter Of their game, After being scoreless in the first quarter, they scored some points in the second quarter. They scored 6 points more in the third quarter than they did in the second quarter. In the fourth quarter they scored twice as many points as they did in the third quarter. Altogether they scored 46 points. How many points did they score in each of the last three quarters?‘o.. Two neighbours have back yards with equal areas of 576 m?. One of the yards is square. The other is rectangular with the length twice as long as the width. Find the dimensions of each yard. 11: Aside of a Square is 8 cm more than a side of a regular hexagon. The “square and the hexagon have equal perimeters. What is the perimeter of each polygon? 12, Linda earns $3.75/h and Larry earns $3.25/h. Larry works 4 h more each week than Linda does, but they both earn the same weekly pay. How ‘many hours do Linda and Larry work, and how much do they earn per week? 13. A service station has 22 mufflers in stock, worth a total of $422, The premium muffiers are worth $23 each, $7 more than the standard mufflers. How many premium mufflers are in stock? 44. Anairline with a fleet of 36 planes has 6 four-engine planes. The remaining planes have either two or three engines each. The total umber of engines on aif the planes is 100. How many two-engine planes does the airline have? C15, Asubmarine and a cruiser are 1200 km apart. The submarine can travel at 33 km/h under water and 39 km/h on the surface. The cruiser travels at 36 krn/h, Ifthe submarine, which is surfaced, and cruiser head for each other, can they meet in under 18 h? 16, ‘Two cyclists leave the same point at the same time, in the same. direction. One cyclist travels at 18 kmh, the other at 12 kimvh. In how many hours will the cyclists be 27:km apart? 17. Paula is 20 years younger than her mother. Eight times Paula's age is. three times her mother’s age. How old is Paula? 48, Ajet eaves Edmonton, flying at 750 km/h; One hour later another jet leaves, flying atab0 kmh in the opposite direction. How long after the first plane’s departure will they be 4000 km apart? s EXTRA : Magic Squares ‘The sum of each row, columin, and diagonal isthe same. Copy and complete. a. [2s ]1s| 29 -7| 2 |-27 a |-16] 7 | 2 a t-22} 2 |-2 a |r fe. ar}a |? af z |? 0.8 | -1.8|-0.4 73Problem Solving 6 Mixture Problems A chemist has 100 mLot¢40% acid Solution She wapts to reduce the strength othe solution 25% acid by adding distiled water How much water should she ad? Define a variable. Let x be the amount of water to be added, in mill Then the original acid solution with the added water will be (100 + x) millilitres. Write an equation. The amount of acid in the new solution’ -0.25(100 + x) = 0.4100) [25% of (100 + x) millilitres} will be 25 + 0.25x = 40 the same as the amount in the original 0.25x = 15 solution 140% of 100 ml. x= 60 ‘The chemist should add 60 ml of water Check: 40 mL of acid in 160 mL. of solution is 25% acid. ¥ ‘The car radiator holds 20 L. It contains a 25% antifreeze solution. Since the weather is getting colder, the mechanic should make the solution 40% antifreeze. How much of the 25% solution should be drained and replaced with pure antilreeze to give a 40% solution? Define 2 variable. Let x be the number of litres of pure antifreeze to be added Then Q0 — ») of the existing solution willbe saved, White an equation; The antifreeze added, along with that already. x + 25-(20~ ») In the tank [25% of the 20 ~ x) litres], will have to result in-a 40% solution 100x +900 — 25x = [40% of the 20 L capacity! 75x Four litrés of solution should be drained from the radiator (leaving 16 l) and then 4 L of pure antifreeze added. Check: 4 of pure antifreeze plus 25% of 161 = 4+ 40r8L; BL of antifreeze in-20L of solution is 40% antifreeze. -¥ lai ssw A actEXERCISES Ak 6. 10. MW Awholesale outlet has two grades of coffee, one selling for $8/kg and ‘the other for $10/kg, The manager wants to mix the two grades to get 200 kg of coffee to sell at $8.75/kg. How much of each grade coffee should be mixed? ‘Aclerk at a health food store isto enrich their granola by adding raisins. The plain granola sells for $5.00/kg, and raisins sell for $7.00/kg. How ‘many kilograms of granola and raisins should be mixed to make 120 kg of enriched granola to Sell for $5.60/kg? How many kilograms of peanuts and! cashews should be mixed to make amixture of 60 kg to sell at $6/kg, if peanuts sel for $4/kg and cashews for $12/kg? ‘A metallurgist has copper alloys, some of which contain 30% copper, and some with 48% copper. How many kilograms of each alloy should be mixed to make 240 kg of an alloy with 36% copper? ‘A chemist needs 200 ml. of nitric acid of 30% stréngth. She has nitric acid solutions with strengths of 18% and 42%. How many millilitres of each acid should be mixed to produce the 200 mL. of 30% acid? How many millilitres of water should be added to 300 mL of a 30% sulfuric acid'solution to dilute it to 2 24% solution? Acar radiator holds 24 L of a 20% antifreeze solution. How much of the 20% solution should a mechanie drain and replace with pure anti- freeze to give a 40% antifreeze solution? How much water should a chemist ato 300 ml ofa 42% sulluric acid solution to dilute it to.a 28% strength? 1. Abroker invested $10 000, part earning interest at 8% per annum and. the remainder at 10% per annum. If the investments earned $872 in one year, how much was invested at 10%2 A gardener at a greenhouse Is combining two varieties of grass seed, one of which sells for $10/kg and the other for $6.00/kg. How much of each variety should be mixed to yield 120 kg of seed to sell for $7.50/kg? How many millilitres of water should be added to 120 mL of a 15% acid solution to dilute it to a 10% acid solution? EXTRA ‘The number 1 is both a perfect square and a cube. Find the next two such positive integers.oe EXAMPLE 2: Ajeweller wants to make 144 g of 14 karat gold by melting 10 karat gold with 18 karat gold. How much of each should be used Define the variables. Let x be the amount of 10 karat gold in grams. Let y be the amount of 18 karat gold in grams. Write wo equations. 8 Bre #144) — 10x + 18y = 2016 —-5x + 9y = 1008 wet RY xay ats Sx + 5y = 720 Solve the system of equations. Solve for y: 5x + 9y = 1008 Solve fora: x + y= 14s 5x + 5y = 720 x 472 = Mt 288 xen y=? Solutio =n. The jeweller should use 72g of each, Check: For Bx + 1By = Heras: a 27 + Bo =" Ls.= Boa + Boy Rs. = Bag 20+ 54 4 7 see EXERCISES A 1. Aided by atailwind, a Boeing 737 made the 1470 km flight from Seattle to.Los Angeles in 1 h 45 min: Against the wind, the return trip took 2h. What was the speed. of the wind? 2. Ajewellerwants to make 240 g of 18 karat gold by metting 14 karat gold with 20 karat gold. How much of each should be used? B_ 3. Aided by a tailwind, a plane travelled 600 km in 2 h. The return trip against the wind took 3 h, Find the air spéed of the plane and the speed of the wind. Ls 4. Ina silver shop, there are metal alloys containing 40% silver and others ‘with 50% silver. Ajob order comes in calling for a 100 g bar with 44% silver. How much of each available silver alloy should be melted down and mixed to fill the order? 5. Abroker invested $10 000 in two different stocks. On one investment, there was a profit of 12%, but on the other investment there was.a loss of 3%. Net profit was $600. How much was invested in each stack? 145. Dried bananas sell at $4.59/kg and dried apricots sell at $6.59/kg. How many kilograms of each should be used to make a mixture of 50 kg of dried fruit to sell for $5.20/kg? ‘A submarine cruises underwater at 10 km/h and on the surface at 16 km/h, The submarine travels a distance of 160 km in 12.5 h, How long did it travel underwater? How long did it travel-on the surface? 1A flask contains 300 mL of a 30% acid solution. How much water must be added to reduce the acid strength to 20%? ‘A freight train and a passenger train are in stations 540 km apart. The ‘freight train leaves a station at noon, travelling at an average speed of 660 kmih, and heading in the direction of the passenger train. One hour later, the passenger train leaves and heads towards the freight train at ‘a speed of 90 kin/h. At what time will the trains pass each other? Doug swam ten lengths of a 50 m pool, some with the backstroke, the others freestyle. One length in backstroke takes him 60 s; one. length in freestyle takes him 50 s. His total time for the ten lengths ‘was 8 min 50 s, How many lengths dic he swim with the backstroke? |. A sum of money was invested in two stocks. The first investment earned ‘an 8% return; the second earned a 12% return. The second investment. ‘earned twice as much as the first. The total amount earned was $1440. How much was invested in each stock? ‘Two alloys, one containing 20% gold and the other containing 30% gold, are to be mixed to make 400 g bars of alloy with 24% gold. There are 40 kg of the 20% gold alloy available. How many 400 g bars of 24% gold alloy can be made before the 20% gold alloy stock is depleted? ‘Two bus stations are 930 km apart. At midnight, buses leave each station, heading towards each other. The first bus travels 10 kmh faster than the second bus, but the first bus stops for one hour while the second bus travels non-stop. At 06:00, the buses meet at station. How {ar is the station from each of the original points of departure? On acanoe trip, two campers paddled a distance of 3 km. They paddled ata steady rate of 6 km/h, until they reached rapids, where they. ‘travelled at 12 km/h. The trip took 28 min. How long were the rapids? Ata dress shop, the regular price of a skirt and a blouse was $43, ‘The price of the skirt was reduced by 20% and the price of the blouse ‘was reduced by 25%, bringing the total cost down to $33.45. ‘a. What were the regular prices of the skirt and blouse? b. Ifyou decided to buy just the blouse, on sale, how much would it be? How much is the skirt? c._ Ifyou bought just the blouse, find the amount it would cost, including 5% sales tax.29 ving “Problem Sol Writing Pairs of Equations Many problems can be solved by writing two equations in two unknowns, then solving the system of equations to answer the problem. EXAMPLE: ‘To ralse money for a class trip, students sold bags of mixed. nuts and bags of dried fruit. Al sold 12 bags of mixed nuts and 10 bags of dried fruit and collected $54. Angie sold ‘bags of mixed nuts and 15 bags of dried fruit and collected ‘$61. What price was charged for each item? Define the variables, Let m be the price of a bag of mixed nuts in dollars. Let n be the price of a bag of dried fruit in dollars. Write two equations. 12m +-10n = 54 8m + 15n = 61 Solve for n by adding. é 2¢12m + 10n) = 254) + =38m + 150) The solution is m = 2 and.n-= 3, Check the solution in the otiginal word:problem, ‘A/ sold 12 bags of mixed nurs (at $2) and 10 bags of dried fruit (at $3): 12) + 108 = 54. ¥ ‘Angie sold 8 bags of mixed nuts and 15 hags of dried fruit: 8) + 156) = 61. ¥ ‘The price for a bag of mixed nuts was $2 and for a bag of dried fruit was $3. EXERCISES A. 1, The sum of twonumbersis 120. Their difference is 14. What are the numbers? - 2. Two mangoes and 3 kiwi fruit cost $4.35. Five mangoes and 3 kiwi fruit, cost $7.32. Find the price of each fru B 3, Marie paid for her $2.50 admission ticket with 13 dimes and quarters. How many of each coin did she use?4. The length of a rectangle is 2 m more than its width. The perimeter is 52m. Find the dimensions of the rectangle. 5. Jeff earned $74 over twenty hours, working part ofthe time at $3ih and part of the time at $4/h. How many hours did he work at each rate? 6, One week, a shop sold 42 boxes of stationery, some at $5 a box and ~~ some at $7 a box. The total value of the stationery sold was $246. How many boxes were sold at each price? ‘with 50€ postage. The total postage was $35.20. How many letters were posted at each rate? 8. Aconstruction company has 46 trucks, some of them dump trucks and some flatbed trucks, There are 8 more dump trucks than flatbed \ ‘trucks. How many of each type of truck does the company have? 9. Find two numbers with a sum of —6 and a difference of 34. I 7. One day, an office mailed out 80 letters, some with 40¢ postage, some | I 10. Onatest, some problems were worth 5 points and the others were 1 4 worth 4 points. Myra solved 18 problems and got a mark of 83. How A] many 5-point problems did she solve? | 11, The average of 2 numbers is 34. The difference of the numbers is 16, What are the numbers? 12, Four tapes and 3 records were sold for $67, and 2 tapes and 5 records | were sold for $65. How much would it cost to buy 3 tapes and 4 records? 1 13, Aman is three times as old as his son. In twelve years, he will be twice i as old as his son. How old is each? ¢ € 14. Inamarathon race, Ted ran part of the 42 km at an average of 10 kmh, and walked the rest at an average of 6 kmfh, He ran for 1 h more than he walked, How long did he take to finish the marathon? 15, Asalesperson sold 12 television sets and video-cassette recorders in ‘one week. The television sets sold for $500, and the video-cassette recorders, for $700. Total sales amounted to $7600. : How many televisions and how many recorders did he sell? If he receives a commission of 8% on televisions and 5% on recorders; how much \ commission did he earn? f )K Andy and Beth each rode the roller coaster and the ‘ Ferris wheel for a total of ten times. The roller ee | coaster rides cost $1.25 each and the Ferris whee! rides cost $0.73 each. Andy spent $11 and Beth spent $9.50. How many times did each ride on the roller coaster? : 143