Theory:

An ideal gas obeys the equation of state that the pressure, specific volume or
density, and absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the gas constant,
R.

PV =mRTM

Where P = Absolute pressure

V = Volume
n = Amount of substance (moles)
R = Ideal gas constant
T = Absolute temperature (K)
However, real gas does not absolutely obey the equation state. A few changes on
the ideal gas equation of state allow its application in the properties of real gas.
When energy increases within water, the increasing of activities among the
molecules enables the increase in number of molecule escape from the surface
until an equilibrium state is reached. The state of equilibrium depends on the
pressure between the water surface and steam. At lower pressure, the molecules
become easier leaving the water surface while less energy is required in
achieving the state of equilibrium (boiling point). The temperature where
equilibrium occurs at a given pressure level is called saturated temperature. The
Marcet Boiler is used to investigate the relationship between the pressure and
the temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water at all temperature
levels between the atmospheric pressure and 10 bars. The experimental slope
(dT/dP)SAT obtained is compared to the theoretical value determined through
calculation from the steam table.

Procedures:
1. A quick inspection was performed to ensure that the unit is in proper
condition.
2. The unit was connected to the nearest power supply.
3. The valves at the feed port and the level sight tube (V1, V2, V3) were
opened.
4. The boiler was filled with distilled water through the feed port. The water
level was ensured to be at bout the half of the boilers height.
5. Valves, V1 and V2 at the level sight tube were closed.
6. The power supply switch was turned on. The heating was continued until
the maximum gauge pressure reached 10 bars.

7. The heater was turned off and the boiler temperature was allowed to drop.
(The valve at the water inlet was ensured not to be opened as it was
highly pressurized at high temperature).
8. All temperature readings at different pressure settings of the boilers were
recorded when the boiler was heated and cooled.