CAC QUA TRNH KHUECH TAN

1. Khuech tan phan t

1.1 nh luat Fick th 1
Van toc khuech tan phan t

u=

dM
dC
= D.
F .d
dn

Trong o :
D : he so khuech tan phan t
dC
: gradient nong o ac trng cho s bien oi nong o theo hng khuech tan, la
dn
ong lc cua qua trnh truyen khoi.

Phng trnh van chuyen vat chat ( nh luat Fick th 1):

M = D.F . .

dC
dn

Khoi lng vat chat i qua be mat tiep xuc pha trong khoang thi gian ty le vi s
thay oi nong o cau t o theo chieu day tiep xuc pha.
M=

D.F .C.

Trong o:
M:

khoi lng vat chat i qua be mat tiep xuc pha, kg.

F:

dien tch be mat tiep xuc pha, m2.

C:

s bien thien nong o cau t, kg/m3.

thi gian, s.

chieu day tiep xuc pha, m.

D:

he so khuech tan phan t, m2/s.

Khuech tan phan t xay ra cham trong pha long va ran.

1.2 He so khuech tan phan t
He so khuech tan phan t ac trng cho lng vat chat tham thau qua mot n v be
mat trong mot n v thi gian khi gradient nong o la 1.
He so khuech tan phan t phu thuoc vao tnh chat moi trng va vat chat ( cau t
phan phoi), nhiet o va ap suat.
Gia tr D c tra t tai lieu hoac tnh theo cong thc thc nghiem.
1

oi vi chat kh

Dk =

4,3.10 7 T 3 / 2

P v 1A/ 3 + v

1/ 3 2
B

1
1
+
MA MB

Trong o:
D k:

he so khuech tan phan t trong pha kh, m2/s

T:

nhiet o, oK

P:

ap suat, kg/cm2 hoac MPa

MA, MB: khoi lng mol tng ng cua kh A va kh B, kg/mol.

vA, vB: the tch mol kh A va B, c xac nh bang tong the tch nguyen t cac
nguyen to co trong thanh phan kh

P T
Dk2 = Dk1 . 1 . 2
P2 T1

D1, D2: he so khuech tan phan t tng ng vi nhiet o T1, T2 va ap suat

P1, P 2.

oi vi chat long
Dt =

1.106
1
1
AB (v A3 + vB3 ) 2

1
1
+
MA MB

Trong o:
Dl:

he so khuech tan trong pha long, m2/s

o nht ong lc cua chat long, mPa.s

vA va vB: the tch mol cua chat tan va dung moi,

MA, MB: khoi lng mol cua chat tan va dung moi, kg/mol.
A, B: he so phu thuoc tnh chat chat tan va dung moi.
Dlt = Dl20 [1 + b(t 20)]

Trong o:
b: he so nhiet o, c tnh bang cong thc sau:
b=

0.2
3

: o nht ong lc cua chat long 20oC, mPa.s.

: khoi lng rieng chat long 20oC, kg/m3
t: nhiet o, oC
2

2. Khuech tan oi lu
o la s khuech tan dien ra trong moi trng chuyen ong. Cau t muc tieu chuyen t
pha nay vao pha khac khong ch do s chuyen ong cua cac phan t, ma con do chuyen
ong tng oi cua pha nay vi pha kia vi van toc ln hn rat nhieu so vi khuech tan
phan t.

u khuch tan i lu >> u khuech tan phan t

Trong khuech tan oi lu, s van chuyen vat chat dien ra khong ch theo phng dong
chay ma qua trnh nay con theo mat cat ngang cua no.
S van chuyen vat chat, v du t pha kh vao pha long, do truyen chat trong moi pha co
the bieu dien nh gia thiet ve lp bien.
Van toc khuech tan oi lu

M = .C.F .
Trong o:

C:

ong lc qua trnh truyen khoi, kg/m3.

C = C - Cgh
F:

dien tch be mat tiep xuc pha, m2.

thi gian, s.

he so truyen khoi,

M
1
kg
= 2 .
C.F . m .s dvC

He so truyen khoi phu thuoc vao che o chay, tnh chat hoa ly cua moi trng va cau t
chnh, phu thuoc vao hnh dang va kch thc cua be mat phan chia pha.
3 Phng trnh vi phan khuech tan
3.1 Khuech tan phan t
Ta tach mot phan t the tch ng yen trong dong chuyen ong.
z

z+dz

dV

dMx

dz
z

dMx
dy
y

dx

y+dy

x+dx

Theo nh luat Fick th 1, lng vat chat van chuyen theo phng x vao nguyen to the tch
dV (dx.dy.dz)

M x = D.(dy.dz ).

C
.d
x

Tng t, oi vi dong ra:

M x + dx = D.(dy.dz ).

C
dx .d
C +
x
x

Trong o:

C
dx - s bien oi nong o tren oan dx
x
S bien thien vat chat theo thi gian qua nguyen to the tch theo phng x
dM x = M x M x + dx = D.(dy.dz ).

dM x = D.

2C
.dx.d
x 2

2C
.dV .d
x 2

Tng t, theo phng y va z

dM y = D.

2C
.dV .d
y 2

dM z = D.

2C
.dV .d
z 2

S bien thien vat chat toan phan

dM = dM x + dM y + dM z

2 C 2 C 2C
dM = D 2 + 2 + 2 .dV .d
x
y
z
144
424443
2 C

dM = D.2C.dV .d
3.2 Khuech tan oi lu
Van toc truyen khoi khuech tan oi lu = van toc truyen khoi khuech tan phan t + van toc
chuyen ong cua khoi ln.

dM x = dM x1 + dM x2
Khuech tan phan t theo phng x

dM x1 = D.

2C
.dV .d
x 2

Chuyen ong cua khoi ln theo phng x

4

M x = x .dy.dz.C.d
v tr (x+dx)

M x + dx = x .dy.dz.(C +

C
).d
x

dM x2 = M x M x + dx = x .(

C
).dx.dy.dz.d
x

Tong cong:

2C
2C
C
C
dx.dy.dz.d = D 2 x
dV .d
dM x = D 2 x
424
3
x 1

x
x

dV
Tng t oi vi phng y va z:
2C
C
dV .d
dM y = D 2 y
y
y
2C
C
dV .d
dM z = D 2 z
z
z

Co:

dM = dM x + dM y + dM z

2C 2C 2C C
C
C
dM = D 2 + 2 + 2 x
+ y
+ z
. dV .d
x
y
z x
y
z
144
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2 C
1444444444
424444444444
3
C

C
dC
C
C
= D.2C c
+ y
+ z

d
y
z
x