:

:
: 1324/10
:

2012.

 . 1
1.

.

.
:
.

.
2.

: Orcad Capture.
1.
1

AD741
R2
R1
VDC
VSIN
0/SOURCE

///
10k
1 k
20Vdc
VAMPL=0,5
VOFF=0
FREQ=1000
///

OPAMP
ANALOG
ANALOG
SOURCE
SOURCE
Place Ground

3.
:
-
-
-
-

- CMRR
- .

(
) ,

.
:
:
V2
R 2

12Vdc

O S1

O U T
3

V1

O S2

1
6
5

U 1
7

VO FF = 0
V A M P L = 0 .5
F R EQ = 1000

1k

V+

AD 741
2
-

V-

R 1

10k

0
V3
12Vdc

. 1

:
v i+ i R1=0
i R2 + v 0=0

i=

vi

vi
R1

R2
+v =0
R1 0

v0 =

R2
v
R1 i

:
v o R2
=
vi
R1

A vcl =

R1 R2
(
). 1.
2.
10V

5V

0V

-5V
0s
V(R2:2)

0.2ms
V(R1:1)

0.4ms

0.6ms

0.8ms

1.0ms

Time

. 2

, :
A vcl =

10 k
=10
1 k

3.

. 3

( ),

200mV/div 2V/div (
). :
=

v o 2,1 2
=
=10
v i 2,1 0,2

.
:
4 :

V2
R 2

12Vdc

AD 741
2
-

1k

V-

R 1

10k

O S1

0
VO FF = 0
V A M P L = 0 .5
F R EQ = 1000

V1

O S2

6
5

V U 1

V+

O U T

V3

12Vdc

. 4

v 0 =i( R 1+ R 2)
v i=i R1

i=

vi
R1

vo =

vi
R
( R1 + R2 )=vi (1+ 2 )
R1
R1

A=

vo
R
=1+ 2
vi
R1

:
A=1+

R2
10 k
=1+
=11
R1
1k

0.5V :

8.0V

4.0V

0V

-4.0V

-8.0V
0s
V(R2:2)

0.5ms
V(V1:+)

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

2.5ms

3.0ms

Time

. 5

6.:

. 6

() 500mV/div ( )
2V/div ( ). :
=

vo 5
= =10
v i 0,5


:
=

1
100=9,01
11

.
:
7:
V2

V-

AD 741
2
-

12Vdc

O S1

VO FF = 0
V A M P L = 0 .5
F R EQ = 1000

V1

O S2

6
5

V U 1

V+

O U T

V3

12Vdc

. 7

.

.
:

500mV

0V

-500mV
0s
V(U1:-)

0.5ms
V(V1:+)

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

2.5ms

3.0ms

Time

. 8

. 9

( ) 200mV/div ( )
500mV/div. .

 .2
1.

Orcad .
: ,
, .

h . 27C
100C.
2.
Orcad-,
:
2

BC 547B
VDC
VAC
0/SOURCE

///
0-30V
0-500uA
///

EBIPOLAR
SOURCE
SOURCE
Place Ground

3.
.
( )
: -, :
. h :
U be =h11 i b +h12 u ce
I c =h21 i b +h22 uce

h11 =

U be
Ib

h12=

U be
U ce

h21=

Ic
Ib

h22=

Ic
U ce

U ce=0

I b=0

U ce =0

I b=0

U be
Ib

U be
U ce

Ic
Ib

U ce =const .

I b=const .

U ce=const .

Ic
U ce

I b=const .

(
h
) h
. h ,
h .
BC547B
11 ,
10
V1

Q 1
7Vdc
0V 1V,
BC 547B
I
.
V2
100C 0 V d c
27C.

0

PN . 10

15uA

10uA

5uA

0A
0V

0.1V
IB(Q1)

0.2V

0.3V

0.4V

0.5V

0.6V

0.7V

0.8V

0.9V

1.0V

V_V1

. 11

( 13) 12



, , .

Q 1
I

BC 107B

V1
0Vdc

I1
0Adc

. 12

300mA

200mA

100mA

0A

-100mA
0V

5V
IC(Q1)

10V

15V

20V

V_V1

. 13

25V

30V


14 15. 14
-, -
.
.
16 17.
100C 27C.

V1

Q 1

7Vdc

Q 1

BC 547B

V2

I1

0Vdc

BC 547B

V1
7Vdc

0Adc

.
.
1415

100mA

50mA

0A
0V

0.1V
IC(Q1)

0.2V

0.3V

0.4V

0.5V

0.6V

0.7V

0.8V

V_V1

. 16 (Ic Ube)

0.9V

1.0V

100mA

50mA

0A
0A

50uA
IC(Q1)

100uA

150uA

200uA

250uA

300uA

350uA

400uA

450uA

500uA

I_I1

. 17 (Ic Ib)

, (
v be =f ( v ce )|i =const .
).
c

.

. (
PD =i c v ce

) .

.
( )
( PN ,
), .
18 : UCEmax =50 V, ICmax=100 mA,
PDmax=500 mW.
50 V.

150m

100m

50m
oblast sigurnog rada

-50m
0V

5V
IC(Q1)

10V
100m

15V
(0.5) / V_V1

20V

25V

30V

35V

40V

45V

50V

V_V1

. 18 BC547B

h21.
2mA .

2m
h21
2mA:
4.0mA

3.0mA

2.0mA

1.0mA

0A
0A

2uA

4uA

6uA

8uA

IC(Q1)
I_I1

10uA

12uA

14uA 15uA

h21=

Ic
Ib

U ce =0

Ic
Ib

U ce=const .

2 10
=324,67 320
6
6,16 10

h21 :
=h21=320

,
h11 :

U
h11 = be
Ib

U be
=
Ib
=0

U ce

U ce

7,35 10
=
=4200
6
1,75 10
=const .

. h11 r :
r =h11=4200 [ ]

h22

.

I
h22= c
U ce

Ic
=
U ce
I =0
b

609,22 10
=
=29,02 106
20,99
I =const .
b

ri :
r i=

1
=34458,99 [ ]
h22

 . 3
1. :

,
.
.
2. :
Orcad Capture.
:
3

BC 547B
VDC
VSIN
0/SOURCE
R
C

///
12V
10mV
1KHz
///
2.7K 27K
150K 10K 470
1uF 10uF
100uF

EBIPOLAR
SOURCE
SOURCE
Place Ground
ANALOG
ANALOG

:
- BC547
- (2.7K; 27K; 150K; 10K; 470 )
- (: 1uF, 10uF, 100uF)
-
-
2. :


:
Vcc=12V
Av=200

R b1

R c

?
Vcc

C 2
Q 1

C 1

Tr BC547B

12Vdc

10u
BC 547B

1u

R p

ICQ=2mA

10k
R b2

R e
?

Rp=10K

C 3
100u

Vi

V o= I b R c = Rc

Rb

Ib

Rc

Vo

Vi
R c
A v=
r
r

:
=320
r =4200 [ ]

A v=

R c
R c =2625 [ ]
r

2625
Rc =2,7 [ ] .
Re 0,5V
3V. Re 1V.
1mV
Re =
=500 [ ]
2 mA

Re =470 [ ]

:
I bQ=

I cQ
=6,25 A

I =10 I bQ=62,5 A
Rb 1 +Rb 2=
R b 2=

V cc
=192 K
I

V e + V beQ
=27200
I

Rb 1=19200027200=165 K

Rb1 160 Rb2 27 .

V ceQ =V cc Rc I c 1 V =5,8 V

:
Q(U ce , I c , I b )=Q(5,8 V , 2mA , 6,25 A)

.
V ceQ =5,8 V

Vcc =
12V ,
.
y
( 0,1V).
. :
V ce + 5,80,1=5,7 V
V ce 125,8=6,2 V

5,7V.
Rb2 , Rb1
r. :
Ri=4084,98

ri Rc :
Ro=2503,82


,
Orcad.
:
:
Q(U ce , I c , I b )=Q(5,298 V , 2,113 mA , 6,639 A)

6 8 .8 1 u A
2 .1 1 3 m A
R c

R b1
150K

1 2 .0 0 V

2 .7 K
6 .2 9 4 V

VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 10m
FR EQ = 1000

12Vdc

Q 1

C 1
0V
0 VA 1

Vcc

C 2

1u
1 .6 7 9 V

6 .6 3 9 u A

6 2 .1 7 u A
R b2

10u

2 .1 1 3 m A
BC 547B
-2 .1 2 0 m A

0V

2 .1 8 2 m A
R p

0 .9 9 6 V

2 .1 2 0 m A
R e
470

27K

0V

C 3

10k
0A

100u

. 19

10mV:
2.0V

1.0V

0V

-1.0V

-2.0V
0s

0.2ms
V(C2:2)

0.4ms

0.6ms

0.8ms

1.0ms

1.2ms

Time

. 20

1.4ms

1.6ms

1.8ms

2.0ms

A v=

V0
1,473
=
=147,3
V i 10 103

:
R b1

R c

150K

2 .7 K
C 2
Q 1

C 1

10u
Vcc

BC 547B

1u

R p

12Vdc

10k
VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 10m
FR EQ = 1000

R b2

V1

R e
470

27K

C 3
100u

0
. 21
4.0uA

2.0uA

0A

-2.0uA

-4.0uA
0s

0.2ms

0.4ms

0.6ms

0.8ms

1.0ms

1.2ms

1.4ms

1.6ms

1.8ms

2.0ms

I(V1)
Time

. 22

21 22
:
R i=

U i 10 103
=
=3831,42
I i 2,61 106

R b1

R c

150K

2 .7 K
C 2
Q 1

C 1

10u
Vcc

BC 547B

1u

VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 10m
F R EQ = 1000
R b2

V1

R e
470

27K

12Vdc

C 3
100u

0
. 23
5.0uA

0A

-5.0uA
0s

0.2ms

0.4ms

0.6ms

0.8ms

1.0ms

1.2ms

1.4ms

1.6ms

1.8ms

2.0ms

-I(V1)
Time

. 24

23 24 :
Ro=

V o 10 103
=
=2518,89
I o 3,97 106

25
4,5V.

5V

0V

-5V

-10V
0s

0.2ms
V(R1:2)

0.4ms

0.6ms

0.8ms

1.0ms

1.2ms

1.4ms

1.6ms

1.8ms

2.0ms

Time

. 25

.
,
.

. 26

. 26.

 10 mV / ,
10mV.
0,5 V / ,
1,5V.
:
A v=

V o 1,5
=
=150
V i 0,01

27
:

. 27

2V /
4V.

,

.

 4 :
1. :
.


.
2. :
Orcad.
:
4.

BC 547B
VDC
R
0/SOURCE
L
1N4148
IRF630
VPULSE

///
0-30V
1K, 10K, 100,
150
///
1mH
///
///
///

EBIPOLAR
SOURCE
ANALOG
Place Ground
ANALOG
EDIODE
PWRMOS
SOURCE

,

.
3. :

28 29. : V2=12V
VBE=0.6V, VBES=0.7V, VCES=0.1V = 340.

R 3
1k

R 2

Q 1

R 1

V1
12Vdc

V2

V1 = 0
V2 = 12
TD = 0
TR = 0
TF = 0
PW = 2u
PER = 4u

1k

10k

BC 547B

. 28
R 2

R 1

1k

R 3
1k

10k
Vbes

V ul

Vces

Vcc

. 29 28

29. :
I B=

V ulV BS 11,3
=
=1,03mA
R1 + R2 11000

I cs=

V ccV cs 11,9
=
=11,9 mA
R3
1000

I BS=

I cs 11,9 mA
=
=35 A

340

I B I BS

.
.
:

t on=t d +t r

t of =t s +t f

: ts , tf , td tr ,
.

I BS

I BS

R1

,

.
.

. 30 MOS

30.
L1 = 0H. : CISS = 959pF,COSS = 93pF, CRSS = 54pF.

VT.
VT . 31. VT=3,52V.

200mA

150mA

100mA

50mA

0A
3.0V
3.1V
ID(M1)

3.2V

3.3V

3.4V

3.5V

3.6V

3.7V

3.8V

3.9V

4.0V

V_V1

. 31 IRF630

:
t on=t dr + t r
t dn=Ciss R2 ln

V
V V TN

R 2
100
Vgg
C is s

vGS
0

t dr =C iss R 2 ln

V
12
=959 1012 100 ln
V V TN
123,52

t dr =0,33 ns
t r=2,2 Ciss R2 =0,21 s
t on=t dr + t r =0,21 s

t off =Ciss R2 ln

V
=11,7 s
V TN
n V 2DS

V DD
RD

VDD
28.
:

. 32

t on=74,470 ns

. 33 28.

t off =618,515 ns

. 34 28

t on=25,12ns

. 35 28

t off =34,69 ns

30
L1=0H :

. 36

t on=122,75 ns

. 37

t off =799,361ns

. 30. je L1 = 1mH V2=12V, V1=0V, TD=0, TR=0,

TF=0, PW=1m, PER=2m
:

200V

150V

100V

50V

0V
0.96ms

V(M2:d)

1.20ms
V(V2:+)

1.60ms

2.00ms

2.40ms

2.80ms

3.20ms

Time

. 38
13.6V

10.0V

5.0V

0V
1.00ms
V(M2:d)

V(V2:+)

1.20ms

1.40ms

1.60ms

1.80ms

Time

. 39

:
:
:

2.00ms

2.20ms

. 40

t off =8 s

. 41

t off =1,1 s

. 42

t on=1,2 s

30. :

. 43 30.

. 44 30.

200V .

 .5 :
1. :

.
2. :
Orcad
Capture. 5.:
5.

2N2578

VPULSE

R
0/SOURCE
DBREAK
VSIN

///
TD=2.5m
TF=0 PW=1m
PER=20m
V1=0 TR=0
V2=12
15, 100
///
///
///

TYRISTOR

SOURCE

ANALOG
Place Ground
BREAKOUT
SOURCE

3. :

D 1
D b re a k
VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 311
FR EQ = 50

D 2
D b re a k
X1

V4

R 4

2N 2578
V5

D 3
D b re a k

D 4
D b re a k

R 3

15

100
T D = 2 .5 m
TF = 0
PW = 1m
PER = 10m
V1 = 0
TR = 0
V2 = 12

. 45

-

10. :

Rp=15
us (t )=311 sin ( 2 50 t)

.
Rp=R3
I p=

V
1 v sm sint
dt= sm (cos t )|

Rp
R p

I p=

Vm
I R
( 1+cos ) cos= p p 1
R p
v sm

=arccos

I p Rp

1 =
v sm
3

45. Orcad- :
400V

300V

200V

100V

0V
0s

5ms

10ms

15ms

20ms

25ms

V(D5:2)
Time

. 46

30ms

35ms

40ms

400V

300V

200V

100V

0V
0s

5ms

10ms

15ms

20ms

25ms

30ms

35ms

40ms

V(V3:-)
Time

. 47
30A

20A

10A

0A
0s
-I(R2)

5ms
-AVG(I(R2))

10ms

15ms

20ms

25ms

30ms

Time

. 48

35ms

40ms