Bai tap

XAC SUAT THONG KE

Chng 1

AI CNG VE XAC SUAT

A. BAI TAP MAU

Bai 1. Cho A, B, C la ba bien co. Chng minh
P(A B C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) P(AB) P(AC) P(BC) +
+ P(ABC)

Giai
Ta co

P ( A B C ) = P ( A B ) C = P(A B) + P(C) P [ (A B)C] ,

P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB) ,

P [ (A B)C] = P [ AC BC]
= P(AC) + P(BC) P(ABC)

nen

P ( A B C ) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) P(AB)

P(AC) P(BC) + P(ABC).

Bai 2. Cho P(A) =

1
1
3
, P(B) =
va P(A + B) = .
3
2
4

Tnh P(AB) , P(AB) , P(A + B) , P(AB) va P(AB) .

Giai

Do
P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB) ,
ta suy ra
P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) P(A + B) =

1
.
12

Do AB = A + B , nen

( )

P AB = P A + B = 1 P ( A + B ) =

1
.
4

Tng t, v A + B = AB ta suy ra

P A + B = 1 P ( AB ) =

11
.
12

Xuat phat t ang thc A = AB + AB va v AB , AB la cac bien co xung khac, ta c

( )

P(A) = P ( AB ) + P AB va do o

( )

P AB = P(A) P ( AB ) =

1
.
4

Tng t, ta co

( )

P AB = P(B) P ( AB ) =

5
.
12

Bai 3. Ty le ngi mac benh tim trong mot vung dan c la 9%, mac benh huyet ap la 12%, mac
ca hai benh la 7%. Chon ngau nhien mot ngi trong vung. Tnh xac suat e ngi o

a) B benh tim hay b benh huyet ap.

b) Khong b benh tim cung khong b benh huyet ap.
c) Khong b benh tim hay khong b benh huyet ap.
d) B benh tim nhng khong b benh huyet ap.
e) Khong b benh tim nhng b benh huyet ap.
Giai

Xet cac bien co A : nhan c ngi mac benh tim,

B : nhan c ngi mac benh huyet ap,
Ta co P(A) = 0.09 ; P(B) = 0.12 ; P(AB) = 0.07 .
a) Bien co nhan c ngi b benh tim hay b benh huyet ap la A+B, vi
P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB)

= 0.09 + 0.12 0.07 = 0.14.

b) Bien co nhan c ngi khong b benh tim cung khong b benh huyet ap la A.B , vi

P(A.B) = P(A + B) = 1 = P(A + B)

= 1 0.14 = 0.86.
c) Bien co nhan c ngi khong b benh tim hay khong b benh huyet ap la A + B , vi
P(A + B) = P(AB) = 1 P(AB)
= 1 0.07 = 0.93.

d) Bien co nhan c ngi b benh tim nhng khong b benh huyet ap la A.B , vi
P(A.B) = P(A) P(AB)
= 0.09 0.07 = 0.02.

e) Bien co nhan c ngi khong b benh tim nhng b benh huyet ap la A.B , vi
P(A.B) = P(B) P(AB)
= 0.12 0.07 = 0.05.

Bai 4. Mot hop ng 10 phieu trong o co 2 phieu trung thng. Co 10 ngi lan lt rut tham.
Tnh xac suat nhan c phan thng cua moi ngi.
Giai

Goi Tk (k = 1, 2, ...,10) la bien co ngi th k nhan c phieu trung thng. Ta co

P(T1 ) =

2
1
= = 0.2 ,
10 5

( ) (

P(T2 ) = P(T1 ) P ( T2 T1 ) + P T1 P T2 T1
=

1 1 4 2 1
+ = = 0.2,
5 9 5 9 5

( ) (
) (
+ P (T ) P (T T ) P (T

) (

P(T3 ) = P T1 P T2 T1 P T3 T1 T2 + P(T1 )P T2 T1 P T3 T1 T2
1

T1 T2

4 2 1 1 8 1 4 7 2 1
+ + = = 0.2,
5 9 8 5 9 8 5 9 8 5
...

P(T10 ) =

1
= 0.2 .
5

Bai 5. Mot bai thi trac nghiem gom 12 cau hoi, moi cau co 5 cau tra li, trong o ch co mot cau
ung. Gia s moi cau tra li ung, th sinh c 4 iem, moi cau tra li sai, th sinh b tr 1
iem. Mot th sinh lam bai bang cach chon ngau nhien cac cau tra li. Tm xac suat e

a) th sinh c 13 iem,
b) th sinh b iem am.
Giai

Goi X la so cau tra li ung trong 12 cau hoi c tra li mot cach ngau nhien. Ta co
X B (12; 15 ) .
Xet s tng quan gia so cau tra li ung va so iem nhan c tng ng, ta co
So cau ung (X) So iem
0
12
7
1
2
2
3
3
4
8
5
13
6
18
7
23
8
28
9
33
10
38
11
43
12
48
a) Bien co th sinh c 13 iem chnh la bien co X = 5 , vi xac suat
5
P ( X = 5 ) = C12
(0.2)5 (1 0.2)125

12!
5
7
( 0.2 ) ( 0.8)
5! (12 5 ) !

= 0.0532
b) Bien co th sinh b iem am chnh la bien co X 2 , vi xac suat
P ( X 2 ) = P ( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1) + P ( X = 2 )
0

11

10

0
= C12
( 0.2) (0.8)12 + C112 ( 0.2) ( 0.8) + C122 ( 0.2) ( 0.8) Bai 6. Theo doi d bao thi tiet

= ( 0.8 ) + 12 ( 0.2 ) ( 0.8 ) + 66 ( 0.2 ) ( 0.8 )

12

11

10

= 0.558.

tren ai truyen hnh (nang, sng mu, ma) va so sanh vi thi tiet thc te xay ra, ta co bang
thong ke sau

D bao

Nang Sng mu

Ma

Thc te
Nang

30

Sng mu

20

Ma

10

20

ngha la co 30 lan d bao nang, tri nang, 4 lan d bao nang, tri sng mu; 10 lan d bao
nang, tri ma, v.v
a) Tnh xac suat d bao tri nang cua ai truyen hnh.
b) Tnh xac suat d bao cua ai truyen hnh la ung thc te.
c) c tin d bao la tri nang. Tnh xac suat e thc te th tri ma ? tri sng mu ? tri
nang ?
Giai

Xet cac bien co A : ai truyen hnh d bao tri nang, A1 : Thc te tri nang.
B : ai truyen hnh d bao tri sng mu, B1 : Thc te tri sng mu.
C : ai truyen hnh d bao tri ma, C1 : Thc te tri ma.
a) Do trong 100 lan theo doi d bao ai truyen hnh, ta thay co 30 + 4 + 10 lan d bao tri
nang nen xac suat d bao tri nang cua ai truyen hnh la
P(A) =

30 + 4 + 10
= 0.44 .
100

b) Do trong 100 lan theo doi, ta thay co 30 + 20 + 20 d bao cua ai truyen hnh ung so
vi thc te nen xac suat d bao cua ai truyen hnh ung so vi thc te la
30 + 20 + 20
= 0.7.
100

c) Do trong 44 lan ai truyen hnh d bao la tri nang co 30 lan thc te tri nang, 4 lan
thc te tri sng mu va 10 lan thc te tri ma nen xac suat e thc te th tri ma, tri sng
mu, tri nang lan lt la

30
= 0.682,
44
4
P ( B1 A ) =
= 0.091,
44
10
P ( C1 A ) =
= 0.227.
44
P ( A1 A ) =

Bai 7. Ban quen mat so cuoi cung trong so ien thoai can goi (so ien thoai gom 6 ch so) va
ban chon so cuoi cung nay mot cach ngau nhien. Tnh xac suat e ban goi ung so ien thoai
nay ma khong phai th qua 3 lan. Neu biet so cuoi cung la so le th xac suat nay la bao nhieu ?
Giai

Goi A i la bien co goi ung lan th i, i = 1, 2, 3 . Ta co A1 la bien co goi ung khi th

mot lan , A1 A 2 la bien co goi ung khi phai th hai lan va A1 A 2 A 3 la bien co goi ung khi
phai th ba lan. Do o bien co goi ung khi khong phai th qua ba lan la
A = A1 + A1 A 2 + A1 A 2 A 3 vi

P(A) = P(A1 + A1 A 2 + A1 A 2 A 3 )
= P(A1 ) + P(A1 ) P(A 2 | A1 ) + P(A1 ) P(A 2 | A1 ) P(A 3 | A1 A 2 )
=

1
9 1 9 8 1
3
+
+
=
.
10 10 9 10 9 8 10

Khi a biet so cuoi cung la so le th khi o cac so e chon quay ch con gii han lai trong 5
trng hp (so le) nen cong thc tren tr thanh
P(A) =

1 4 1 4 3 1 3
+ + = = 0.6 .
5 5 4 5 4 3 5

Bai 8. Mot ngi ban bia vi xac suat ban trung la p = 0.7 .

a) Ban lien tiep 3 phat. Tnh xac suat co t nhat 1 lan trung bia.
b) Hoi phai ban t nhat may lan e co xac suat t nhat mot lan trung bia 0.9 .
Giai

Goi X la so vien an trung bia trong 3 phat. Ta co X B ( n; p ) , vi n = 3 va p = 0.7 .

a) Xac xuat co t nhat mot lan trung bia khi ban lien tiep 3 phat la
P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C03 (0.7)0 (1 0.7)3 0
= 1 (0.3)3 = 0.973.
b) Goi n la so lan ban e xac suat t nhat mot lan trung bia 0.9 . Do X B ( n; p ) vi
p = 0.7 , nen xac suat co t nhat 1 lan trung bia trong n phat la
P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C0n (0.7)0 (1 0.7)n 0
= 1 (0.3)n .
e P ( X 1) 0.9 , ta giai bat phng trnh

1 (0.3)n 0.9 ,
hay tng ng

(0.3)n 0.1 .
Lay logart hai ve cua bat phng trnh tren, ta c
n ln(0.3) ln(0.1) .
Do ln(0.3) < 0 , ta suy ra
n

ln(0.1)
1.91 .
ln(0.3)

Vay, can phai ban t nhat 2 phat an e xac suat co t nhat 1 lan trung bia 0.9 .
Bai 9. Co hai hop ng bi :

- Hop H1 ng 20 bi trong o co 5 bi o va 15 bi trang,

- Hop H2 ng 15 bi trong o co 6 bi o va 9 bi trang.

Lay mot bi hop H1 , bo vao hop H2 , tron eu roi lay ra mot bi. Tnh xac suat nhan c
bi o ? bi trang ?
Giai

Xet cac bien co

A : Bi nhan c t hop H2 la bi o,
B : Bi t hop H1 bo sang hop H2 la bi o.
Do gia thuyet, ta co
P ( B) =

5
1
7
6
3
= .
= ; P ( A B) =
; P AB =
20 4
16
16 8

T o, suy ra xac suat nhan c bi o

P(A) = P ( A B ) P(B) + P A B P(B) =

25
,
64

va xac suat nhan c bi trang la

P(A) = 1 P(A) =

39
.
64

Bai 10. Mot cap tre sinh oi co the do cung mot trng (sinh oi that) hay do hai trng khac
nhau sinh ra (sinh oi gia). Cac cap sinh oi that luon luon co cung gii tnh. Cac cap sinh oi
gia th gii tnh cua moi a oc lap vi nhau va co xac suat la 0.5. Thong ke cho thay 34% cap
sinh oi la trai; 30% cap sinh oi la gai va 36% cap sinh oi co gii tnh khac nhau.

a) Tnh ty le cap sinh oi that.

b) Tm ty le cap sinh oi that trong so cac cap sinh oi co cung gii tnh.
Giai

Xet cac bien co

A : nhan c cap sinh oi that,
B : nhan c cap sinh oi co cung gii tnh.
Do cac cap sinh oi that luon luon co cung gii tnh nen
P (B A ) = 1 ,

vi cac cap sinh oi gia th gii tnh cua moi a oc lap nhau va co xac suat la 0.5 nen

P B A = P B A = 0.5 ,
va do thong ke tren cac cap sinh oi nhan c th

( )

P ( B ) = 0.3 + 0.34 = 0.64 va P B = 0.36 .

a) Do cong thc xac suat toan phan,

( ) ( )
= P ( B A ) P ( A ) + P ( B A ) 1 P ( A )
= P ( B A ) + P ( B A ) P ( B A ) P ( A ) ,

P(B) = P ( B A ) P ( A ) + P B A P A

ta suy ra

P (A) =

P(B) P B A

P (B A ) P B A

0.64 0.5
= 0.28 .
1 0.5

b) Do cong thc Bayes,

P ( A B) =

P ( B A ) P(A)
P(B)

0.28
= 0.4375 .
0.64

Bai 11. Mot trung tam chan oan benh dung mot phep kiem nh T. Xac suat e mot ngi en
trung tam ma co benh la 0.8. Xac suat e ngi kham co benh khi phep kiem nh dng tnh la
0.9 va xac suat e ngi kham khong co benh khi phep kiem nh am tnh la 0.5. Tnh cac xac
suat

a) phep kiem nh la dng tnh,

b) phep kiem nh cho ket qua ung.
Giai

Xet cac bien co

A : nhan c ngi co benh,
B : nhan c ngi co kiem nh dng tnh.
Do gia thiet, ta co

P ( A ) = 0.8 ; P ( A B ) = 0.9 ; P A B = 0.5 .

a) Do cong thc xac suat toan phan,

( ) ( )
= P ( A B ) P ( B ) + P ( A B ) 1 P ( B )
= P ( A B ) + P ( A B ) P ( A B ) P ( B ) ,

ma P ( A B ) = 1 P ( A B ) = 0.5 , nen xac suat e phep kiem nh la dng tnh cho bi

P ( A ) P ( A B)
0.8 0.5
P ( B) =
=
= 0.75 .
P ( A B ) P ( A B ) 0.9 0.5
P ( A ) = P ( A B) P ( B) + P A B P B

b) Xac suat e phep kiem nh cho ket qua ung la

( )

P AB + AB = P ( AB ) + P AB

) ( )

= P ( A B) P ( B) + P A B P B
= 0.7125.

Bai 12. Mot thiet b gom 3 cum chi tiet, moi cum b hong khong anh hng g en cac cum khac
va ch can mot cum b hong th thiet b ngng hoat ong. Xac suat e cum th nhat b hong
trong ngay la 0.1, cum th hai la 0.05 va cum th ba la 0.15. Tm xac suat e thiet b khong
ngng hoat ong trong ngay.
Giai

Xet cac bien co

A i : Cum chi tiet th i b hong, vi i = 1, 2, 3 ,

B : thiet b khong ngng hoat ong.

Do gia thiet, ta co
P ( A1 ) = 0.1 , P ( A 2 ) = 0.05 , va P ( A 3 ) = 0.15 .
Do A 1 , A 2 va A 3 la ho cac bien co oc lap nen xac suat e thiet b khong ngng hoat
ong la

( ) ( ) ( ).

P ( B ) = P A1 A 2 A 3 = P A1 P A 2 P A 3
= 0.9 0.95 0.85 = 0.7267.

Bai 13. Mot phan xng co 5 may. Xac suat e trong mot ca, moi may b hong la 0.1. Tm xac
suat e trong mot ca, co ung 2 may b hong.
Giai

Goi X la so may b hong cua phan xng trong mot ca. Do bien co cac may b hong oc lap
nhau nen X thoa lc o Bernoulli, ngha la X B ( 5; 0.1) .
Do o, xac suat e trong mot ca, co ung 2 may b hong la
P ( X = 2 ) = C52 ( 0.1) (1 0.1)
2

5 2

= C52 ( 0.1)

( 0.9)

= 0.0729 .

Bai 14. Tnh xac suat e gieo con xuc xac 10 lan, mat mot nut xuat hien khong qua 3 lan.
Giai

Goi X la so lan mat mot nut xuat hien trong 10 lan thay. Ta co X B (10; 16 ) . Do o, xac
suat e mat mot nut xuat hien khong qua 3 lan la
P ( X 3 ) = P ( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1 ) + P ( X = 2 ) + P ( X = 3)
0

10

1 5
1 1 5
2 1 5
3 1 5
= C + C10
+ C10 + C10
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6

0
10

10

5
1 5
1 5
1 5
= + 10 + 45 + 120
6
6
6
6
6



6 6
= 0.857.

Bai 15. Ty le phe pham cua mot lo hang (ln) la 1%. T lo hang nay, lay ra n san pham. Hoi n
t nhat phai la bao nhieu e xac suat nhan c t nhat mot phe pham ln hn 0.95.
Giai

Goi X la so phe pham nhan c trong n san pham lay ra t lo hang. Ta co X B ( n; 0.01) . Khi
o xac suat e nhan c t nhat mot san pham hong la
P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C0n (0.01)0 (1 0.01)n 0
= 1 (0.99)n .
e tm n sao cho xac suat nhan c t nhat mot san pham hong ln hn 0.95 , ngha la
P ( X 1) > 0.95 , ta giai bat phng trnh
1 (0.99)n > 0.95 .
T o, suy ra n > 298.073 . Vay can phai lay ra t nhat 299 san pham e xac suat trong o
co t nhat mot san pham hong ln hn 0.95 .

Bai 16. Mot ngi viet n la th va bo ngau nhien n la th nay vao trong n phong b a viet san
a ch. Tm xac suat sao cho co t nhat mot la th c bo vao ung phong b.
Giai

Goi A j la bien co la th th j en ung ngi nhan,

j = 1, n va goi A la bien co co t

nhat mot la th en ung ngi nhan. Ta co A =

va do cong thc cong tong quat cho n

j=1

bien co

P(A) = P

Aj =

P(A i A j A k ) ... + ( 1)

j=1

P(A ) P(A A ) +
j

j=1

n 1

i < j< k

Do P ( A j ) =

1
n

i< j

A
j

j=1

, vi moi j,

P ( AiA j ) = P Ai A j P ( A j ) =

1
n 1

. n1 =

(n 2) !
n!

vi moi i < j ,

P ( A i A jA k ) = P A i A jA k P ( A j A k ) P ( A k ) =

1
n 2

. n11 . n1 =

(n 3) !
n!

vi moi i < j < k , ..., ta suy ra

P(A) = n

( n 2) ! + C3 ( n 3) ! ... + 1 n 1 1
1
C2n
( )
n
n
n!
n!
n!

( 1)
k =1

k 1

1
1 e1
k!

khi n u ln.
Bai 17. Mot day chuyen lap rap nhan cac chi tiet t hai nha may khac nhau. Ty le chi tiet do
nha may th nhat cung cap la 60%, cua nha may th hai la 40%. Ty le chnh pham cua nha may
th nhat la 90%, cua nha may th hai la 85%. Lay ngau nhien mot chi tiet tren day chuyen va
thay rang no tot. Tm xac suat e chi tiet o do nha may th nhat san xuat.
Giai

Xet cac bien co

A : nhan c san pham tot,

Bi : nhan c san pham do nha may th i san xuat,

vi i = 1, 2 .
T gia thuyet, ta co
P(B1 ) =

60
40
= 0.6 ; P(B2 ) =
= 0.4 ;
100
100

P ( A B1 ) = 0.9 ; P ( A B2 ) = 0.85 .
Do B1 , B2 tao thanh ho ay u cac bien co nen t cong thc Bayes, ta c xac suat e chi
tiet tot nhan c tren day chuyen la do nha may th nhat san xuat

P ( B1 A ) =

P ( A B1 ) P ( B1 )

P ( A B1 ) P ( B1 ) + P ( A B2 ) P ( B2 )

= 0.614 .

Bai 18. Trong mot vung dan c, c 100 ngi th co 30 ngi hut thuoc la. Biet ty le ngi b
viem hong trong so ngi hut thuoc la la 60%, trong so ngi khong hut thuoc la la 30%. Kham
ngau nhien mot ngi va thay ngi o b viem hong. Tm xac suat e ngi o hut thuoc la.
Neu ngi o khong b viem hong th xac suat e ngi o hut thuoc la la bao nhieu.
Giai

Kham ngau nhien mot ngi trong vung dan c, xet cac bien co
A : nhan c ngi hut thuoc la,
B : nhan c ngi b viem hong.
Gia thiet cho

P ( A ) = 0.3 ; P ( B A ) = 0.6 va P B A = 0.3 .

Do ngi o a b viem hong nen t cong thc Bayes, ta suy ra xac suat e ngi o hut
thuoc la la
P ( A B) =
=

P (B A ) P ( A )

) ( )

P (B A ) P ( A ) + P B A P A

0.6 0.3
= 0.4615.
0.6 0.3 + 0.3 0.7

Khi ngi o khong b viem hong th xac suat e anh ta hut thuoc la la

P AB =
=

P B A P (A)

) ( )

P B A P (A) + P B A P A

0.4 0.3
= 0.1967.
0.4 0.3 + 0.7 0.7

Bai 19. a) Cho A, B la hai bien co oc lap. Chng minh rang A, B ; A, B va A, B cung la cac cap

bien co oc lap.
b) Cho A1 , A 2 , ..., A n la n bien co oc lap. Chng minh rang A1 , A 2 , ..., A n cung la n bien co oc
lap. Suy ra rang neu xet n bien co B1 , B2 , ..., Bn , vi Bi = A i hay Bi = A i , th B1 , B2 , ..., Bn , cung
la n bien co oc lap.
Giai

V B = AB + AB , AB va AB la cac bien co xung khac nen cong thc cong cho

( )

P AB = P ( B ) P ( AB )
= P ( B ) P ( A ) P ( B ) = 1 P ( A ) P ( B )

( )

= P A P ( B) ,
va do o A va B la hai bien co oc lap. Tng t

10

( )

P AB = P ( A ) P ( AB )
= P ( A ) P ( A ) P ( B ) = 1 P ( B ) P ( A )

( )

= P (A) P B ,
va

( )

( ) ( )
= P ( A ) P ( A ) P ( B ) = 1 P ( B ) P ( A )
= P ( A ) P ( B) .

P AB = P A P AB

Do o, A, B va A, B cung la cac cap bien co oc lap.

b) e chng minh rang ho cac bien co A1 , A 2 , ..., A n la oc lap, ta lay mot ho con bat ky
gom k bien co khac nhau cua no. Neu ho con nay khong cha bien co A1 , ta co the viet no di
dang A i1 , A i2 , , A ik , vi 2 i1 < i2 < ... < ik n , va do o no la ho con cua ho cac bien co oc
lap A1 , A 2 , ..., A n . Suy ra

j=1

A ij =

P (A ) .
ij

j=1

Neu ho nay cha bien co A 1 , ngha la no co dang A i1 , A i2 , , A ik , vi i1 = 1 ,

2 i2 < ... < ik n . Do gia thiet A 1 va

ij

la hai bien co oc lap nen t cau a), ta c A1 va

j= 2

ij

cung oc lap. Do o

j= 2

P A1

j= 2

A i j = P A1 P

( )
j= 2

A i j = P A1

( ) P (A )
ij

j= 2

P ( A ).
ij

j=1

Tom lai ho cac bien co A1 , A 2 , ..., A n la oc lap.

e chng minh rang ho cac bien co B1 , B2 , ..., Bn , vi Bi = A i hay Bi = A i , cung la n bien
co oc lap, ta dung quy nap tren so k cac bien co Bi = A i , vi k n .
Khong mat tnh tong quat, ta co the gia s Bi = A i vi i thay oi t 1 en k va Bi = A i khi
i>k.
Trng hp k = 1 a c khao sat trong phan au cau b).
Gia s ho B1 , B2 , ..., Bn , vi Bi = A i trong o i thay oi t 1 en k la ho cac bien co oc
lap.
Xet ho C1 , C2 , ..., Cn cac bien co vi Ci = A i khi i thay oi t 1 en k + 1 , va Ci = A i vi
i > k + 1 . Do Ci = Bi vi i k + 1 , hai ho C1 , C2 , ..., Cn va B1 , B2 , ..., Bn ch khac nhau ung mot
phan t la Ck +1 = A i Bk +1 = A i , va do o, nh trong trng hp k = 1 , C1 , C2 , ..., Cn cung la ho
cac bien co oc lap.

11

Do o, ta ket luan rang ho cac bien co B1 , B2 , ..., Bn , vi Bi = A i hay Bi = A i cung la n

bien co oc lap.
Bai 20. Hai nha may X, Y cung san xuat mot loai san pham. Xac suat nhan c san pham
hong nha may X la p X = 0.03 va nha may Y la p Y = 0.05.

a) Mot ngi mua 3 san pham nha may X. Tnh xac suat co t nhat mot san pham hong .
b) Neu mua 3 san pham nha may X va 2 san pham nha may Y. Tnh xac suat co t nhat mot
san pham hong .
Giai

Xet cac bien co

A : nhan c san pham hong cua nha may X,
B : nhan c san pham hong cua nha may Y.
Da theo gia thiet, ta co
P ( A ) = 0.03 va P ( B ) = 0.05 .
a) Goi X la so san pham hong trong 3 san pham lay ra t nha may X. Ta co
X B ( n; p ) vi n = 3 va p = P ( A ) = 0.03 .
Do o, xac suat co t nhat mot san pham hong la
P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C03 (0.03)0 (1 0.03)3 = 0.087327.

b) Goi X la so san pham hong trong 3 san pham lay ra t nha may X va Y la so san pham
hong trong 2 san pham lay ra t nha may Y, th
X B ( n; p ) vi n = 3 , p = P ( A ) = 0.03 ,
va
Y B ( n; p ) vi n = 2 , p = P ( B ) = 0.05 .
Do so san pham hong nhan c t nha may X va so san pham hong nhan c t nha
may Y la cac bien co oc lap va bien co nhan c t nhat mot san pham hong trong 5 san
pham, 3 san pham t nha may X va 2 san pham t nha may Y, X + Y 1 , co bien co oi lap la
bien co X = 0 va Y = 0 nen xac suat e nhan t nhat 1 san pham hong khi mua 3 san pham
cua nha may X va 2 san pham cua nha may Y la
P ( X + Y 1) = 1 P ( X = 0; Y = 0 ) = 1 P ( X = 0 ) P ( Y = 0 )
= 1 (0.97)3 (0.95)2 = 0.1763.

Bai 21. Trong mot lo thuoc (rat nhieu) vi xac suat nhan c thuoc hong la p = 0.1 . Lay ngau

nhien 3 lo e kiem tra. Tnh xac suat e

a) ca 3 lo eu hong,
b) co 2 lo hong va 1 lo tot,
c) co 1 lo hong va 2 lo tot,
d) ca 3 lo eu tot.

12

Giai

Goi X la so lo hong trong 3 lo lay ra e kiem tra. Ta co X B ( 3; 0.1) . Do o xac suat e

a) ca 3 lo eu hong
P ( X = 3) = C33 (0.1)3 (1 0.1)0 = (0.1)3 = 0.001 ,
b) co hai lo hong va mot lo tot
P ( X = 2 ) = C23 (0.1)2 (0.9)3 2 = 3 0.01 0.9 = 0.027 ,
c) co mot lo hong va hai lo tot
P ( X = 1) = C13 (0.1)1 (0.9)31 = 3 0.1 0.81 = 0.243 ,
d) ca 3 lo eu tot
P ( X = 0 ) = C03 (0.1)0 (1 0.1)3 = (0.9)3 = 0.729 .
B. BAI TAP
Bai toan ve bieu dien cac bien co.
Bai 1. Kiem tra 3 san pham. Goi A k la bien co san pham th k tot. Hay trnh bay cac cach bieu

dien qua A k va qua gian o Venn cac bien co sau ay :

A : tat ca eu xau,
B : co t nhat mot san pham xau,
C : co t nhat mot san pham tot,
D : khong phai tat ca san pham eu tot,
E : co ung mot san pham xau,
F : co t nhat 2 san pham tot.
Bai 2. Ba ngi, moi ngi ban mot phat. Goi A i la bien co ngi th i ban trung. Hay bieu dien

qua A i cac bien co sau :

A : ch co ngi th nhat ban trung,
B : ngi th nhat ban trung con ngi th hai ban trat,
C : co t nhat 1 ngi ban trung,
D : ca 3 ngi eu ban trung,
E : co t nhat 2 ngi ban trung,
F : ch co 2 ngi ban trung,
G : khong ai ban trung,
H : khong co hn 2 ngi ban trung,
I : ngi th nhat ban trung, hoac ngi th hai va ngi th ba cung ban trung,
K : ngi th nhat ban trung hay ngi th hai ban trung.
Bai 3. Quan sat 4 sinh vien lam bai thi. K hieu B j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4) la bien co sinh vien j lam bai

thi at yeu cau. Hay bieu dien cac bien co sau ay

a) co ung mot sinh vien at yeu cau,

13

b) co ung 3 sinh vien at yeu cau,

c) co t nhat 1 sinh vien at yeu cau,
d) khong co sinh vien nao at yeu cau.
Xac suat bang nh ngha.
Bai 4. Mot hop co 7 bi o va 3 bi en.

a) Lay ngau nhien 1 vien bi t hop ra e kiem tra, tnh xac suat nhan c bi en.
b) Lay ngau nhien lan lt co hoan lai 2 bi. Tnh xac suat e lay c 2 bi en.
c) Lay ngau nhien ra 2 vien bi t hop. Tnh xac suat e lay c 2 bi en.
ap so : a) 0.3 .
b) 0.09 .
c) 0.067 .
Bai 5. Mot cong ty lien doanh can tuyen mot ke toan trng, mot trng phong tiep th, co 40
ngi d tuyen trong o co 15 n. Tnh xac suat trong 2 ngi c tuyen co:

a) t nhat 1 n,
b) 1 n,
c) ke toan trng la n.
ap so : a) 0.616 .
b) 0.481 .
c) 0.75 .
Bai 6. Moi sinh vien c thi toi a 2 lan mot mon thi. Xac suat e mot sinh vien au mon xac
suat thong ke lan thi th 1 la P 1 , lan thi th 2 la P 2 . Tnh xac suat e sinh vien nay vt qua

c mon xac suat thong ke.

ap so : P1 + (1 P1 ) P2 .
Bai 7. Gieo ong thi 2 con xuc xac can oi, ong chat. Tnh xac suat e tong so nut xuat hien
la 6.
ap so :

5
= 0.139
36

Bai 8. Trc cong trng ai hoc co 3 quan cn bnh dan chat lng ngang nhau. Ba sinh vien
A, B, C oc lap vi nhau chon ngau nhien mot quan cm e an tra. Tnh xac suat e

a) 3 sinh vien vao cung mot quan.

b) 2 sinh vien vao cung mot quan, con ngi kia th vao quan khac.
1
.
9
2
b) .
3
Bai 9. Mot lo hang co 10 san pham, trong o co 7 san pham tot, 3 san pham xau. Lay ngau
nhien t lo hang ra 4 san pham. Tnh xac suat e 4 san pham lay ra co 3 san pham tot.

ap so : a)

ap so : 0.5 .
Bai 10. Trong hop co 4 bi trang, 6 bi o cung kch c. Rut hu hoa 2 bi. Tnh xac suat e trong
o co

a) hai vien bi trang,

14

b) t nhat mot vien bi o,

c) vien th 2 o.
ap so : a) 0.133 .
b) 0.867 .
c) 0.867
Bai 11. Chon lan lt khong hoan lai 2 con domino t bo 28 con. Tnh xac suat chon c 2 con
domino co the sap noi tiep nhau.
ap so : 0.238 .
Bai 12. Rut ngau nhien t bo bai (gom 52 la) ra 9 quan bai. Tnh xac suat sao cho trong 9 quan
bai rut ra co

a) 3 con At, 2 con 10, 2 con 2, 1 con K, 1 con J,

b) 3 con c, 1 con ro, 2 con bch, 3 con chuon,
c) 5 con mau o, 4 con mau en,
d) 4 con chu bai (4 con ong chat nao o; chat o a c xac nh trc, chang han 4 con
c).
ap so : a) 6.262 107 .
b) 0.02254 .
c) 0.2673 .
d) 0.448 .
Cong thc cong nhan xac suat co ieu kien.
Bai 13. Trong 100 ngi phong van co 40 ngi thch dung nc hoa A, 28 ngi thch dung
nc hoa B, 10 ngi thch dung ca 2 loai A, B. Chon ngau nhien 1 ngi trong so 100 ngi
tren. Tnh xac suat ngi nay :

a) thch dung t nhat 1 loai nc hoa tren,

b) khong dung loai nao ca.
ap so : a) 0.58 .
b) 0.42 .
Bai 14. Mot c quan co 210 ngi, trong o co 100 ngi gan c quan, 60 ngi trong 100
ngi la n, biet rang so n chiem gap oi so nam trong c quan.

Chon ngau nhien 1 ngi trong c quan. Tnh xac suat :

a) ngi nay la nam,
b) ngi nay gan c quan,
c) ngi nay phai trc em (ngi trc em phai gan c quan hoac la nam).
1
.
3
b) 0.4762 .
c) 0.619 .
Bai 15. Co 3 loai sung be ngoai hoan toan giong nhau, vi xac suat ban trung bia tng ng la
0.6, 0.7, 0.8. Loai th I co 5 khau, loai th II co 3 khau, loai th III co 2 khau. Chon ngau nhien
1 khau va ban vao bia. Tnh xac suat ban trung bia.

ap so : a)

ap so : 0.67 .

15

Bai 16. Cho 3 bien co A, B, C sao cho

P(A) = 0,5; P(B) = 0,7; P(C) = 0,6;

P(AB) = 0,3; P(BC) = 0,4; P(AC) = 0,2
va P(ABC) = 0,1.
a) Tm xac suat e ca 3 bien co A, B, C eu khong xay ra.
b) Tm xac suat e co ung 2 trong 3 bien co o xay ra.
c) Tm xac suat e ch co ung 1 bien co trong 3 bien co o xay ra.
ap so :a) 0 .
b) 0.6 .
c) 0.3 .

Bai 17. Cho A va B la 2 bien co sao cho P(A) =

1) P(A B) ,

8) P(A B) ,

2) P(A B) ,

9) P(A B) ,

3) P(A B) ,

10) P(AB B) ,

4) P(AB) ,

11) P(AB B) ,

5) P(AB) ,

12) P(AB B) ,

6) P(AB) ,

13) P(A B AB) ,

7) P(A B) ,

14) P(AB A B) .

2
.
3
5
2) .
6
1
3) .
3
5
4) .
6

1
1
1
, P(B) = , P(AB) =
. Hay tnh :
2
3
6

1
1
.
14) .
2
4
1
10) .
2
11) 0 .
1
12) .
2
13) 1 .
Bai 18. oi tuyen bong ban cua Khoa Kinh Te co 3 van ong vien, moi van ong vien thi au
mot tran. Xac suat thang tran cua cac van vien A, B, C lan lt la : 0.7; 0.8; 0.9. Tnh xac suat :

ap so : 1)

1
.
3
1
6) .
6
2
7) .
3
1
8) .
2

5)

9)

a) oi tuyen thang t nhat 1 tran,

b) oi tuyen thang 2 tran,
c) C thua, biet rang oi tuyen thang 2 tran.
ap so : a) 0.994 .
b) 0.398 .
c) 0.0621 .
Bai 19. Trong 1 khu pho, ty le ngi mac benh tim la 6%; mac benh phoi la 8% va mac ca hai
benh la 5%. Chon ngau nhien 1 ngi trong khu pho o. Tnh xac suat e ngi o khong mac
ca 2 benh tim va benh phoi.
ap so : 0.91 .

16

Bai 20. Mot ngi co 5 con ga mai, 2 con ga trong nhot chung trong mot cai long. Mot ngi
en mua, ngi ban ga bat ngau nhien 1 con. Ngi mua chap nhan con o.
a) Tnh xac suat e ngi o mua c con ga mai.
Ngi th hai lai en mua, ngi ban ga lai bat ngau nhien ra 1 con.
b) Tm xac suat e ngi th hai mua c con ga trong.
c) Xac suat nay se bang bao nhieu neu ngi ban ga quen mat rang con ga ban cho ngi
th nhat la ga trong hay ga mai.
ap so : a) 0.7143 .
1
b) = 0.33 .
3
2
= 0.2857
c)
7
Bai 21. Hai cong ty A, B cung kinh doanh mot mat hang. Xac suat e cong ty A thua lo la 0,2;
xac suat e cong ty B thua lo la 0,4. Tuy nhien tren thc te, kha nang ca 2 cong ty cung thua lo
la 0,1. Tm xac suat e

a) co t nhat mot cong ty lam an khong thua lo,

b) ch co mot cong ty thua lo.
ap so : a) 0.9 .
b) 0.4 .
Bai 22. Mot thu quy co mot chum cha khoa gom 12 chiec be ngoai giong het nhau, trong o co
4 chiec m c ca chnh cua th vien. Co ta th tng cha mot mot cach ngau nhien, cha nao
khong trung th bo ra. Tm xac suat e co ta m c ca chnh cua th vien lan m th 5.
ap so : 0.0707 .
Bai 23. Mot chang trai viet 4 la th cho 4 co gai; nhng v ang tr nen anh ta bo 4 la th vao 4
phong b mot cach ngau nhien, dan kn roi mi ghi a ch gi,

a) tnh xac suat e khong co co nao nhan ung th viet cho mnh,
b) tnh xac suat e co t nhat 1 co nhan ung th cua mnh,
c) tong quat hoa vi n co gai. Tnh xac suat co t nhat 1 co nhan ung th. Xap x gia tr
xac suat nay khi cho n .
Bai 24. Trong 1 lo hang 10 san pham co 2 san pham xau, chon khong hoan lai e phat hien ra
2 san pham xau, khi nao chon c san pham xau th 2 th dng lai.

a) Tnh xac suat dng lai lan chon th 4.

b) Biet rang a chon c san pham xau lan chon th nhat, tnh xac suat dng lai lan
chon th 4.
c) Neu viec kiem tra dng lai lan chon th 3, tnh xac suat lan chon au c san pham
xau.
ap so : a) 0.067 .
1
b) = 0.143 .
7
c) 0.044 .
Bai 25. oi tuyen bong ban Thanh pho co 4 van ong vien A, B, C, D . Moi van ong vien thi
au 1 tran, vi xac suat thang tran lan lt la : 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9. Tnh

17

a) xac suat oi tuyen thang t nhat 1 tran,

b) xac suat oi tuyen thang 2 tran,
c) xac suat oi tuyen thang 3 tran,
d) xac suat D thua, trong trng hp oi tuyen thang 3 tran.
ap so : a) 0.9976 .
b) 0.2144 .
Bai 26. Trong mot hop co 12 bong en trong o co 3 bong hong. Lay ngau nhien co th t
khong hoan lai 3 bong e dung. Tm xac suat e

a) ca 3 bong eu hong,
b) ca 3 bong eu khong hong,
c) co t nhat 1 bong khong hong,
d) ch co bong th 2 hong.
ap so : a) 0.004545 .
b) 0.3818 .
c) 0.9954 .
d) 0.1636 .
Bai 27. mot c quan no co 3 chiec oto. Kha nang co s co cua moi xe oto lan lt la 0.15 ;
0.20 ; 0.10.

a) Tm kha nang 3 oto cung b hong.

b) Tm kha nang co t nhat 1 oto hoat ong tot.
c) Tm kha nang ca 3 oto cung hoat ong c.
d) Tm xac suat co khong qua 2 oto b hong.
ap so : a) 0.003 , b) 0.997 .
c) 0.612 , d) 0.997 .
Cong thc xac suat ay u Cong thc Bayes.
Bai 28. Mot hop co 15 qua bong ban, trong o co 9 mi 6 cu, lan au chon ra 3 qua e s dung,
sau o bo vao lai, lan hai chon ra 3 qua.

a) Tnh xac suat 3 qua bong chon lan hai la 3 bong mi.
b) Biet rang lan hai chon c 3 bong mi, tnh xac suat lan au chon c 2 bong mi.
ap so : a) 0.0025 .
b) 0.4091 .
Bai 29. Mot nha may san xuat bong en, may A san xuat 25%, may B: 35%, may C: 40% so
bong en. T le san pham hong cua moi may tren so san pham do may o san xuat lan lt la
3%, 2%, 1%. Mot ngi mua 1 bong en do nha may san xuat.

a) Tnh xac suat e san pham nay do may A san xuat.

b) Tnh xac suat e san pham nay tot.
c) Biet rang san pham nay la xau. Tnh xac suat e san pham do may C san xuat.
ap so : a) 0.25 .
b) 0.9815 .
c) 0.22 .

18

Bai 30. Co 8 bnh ng bi, trong o co :

2 bnh loai 1: moi bnh ng 6 bi trang 3 bi o,

3 bnh loai 2: moi bnh ng 5 bi trang 4 bi o,
3 bnh loai 3: moi bnh ng 2 bi trang 7 bi o.
Lay ngau nhien mot bnh va t bnh o lay ngau nhien 1 bi.
a) Tnh xac suat e bi lay ra la bi trang.
b) Biet rang bi lay ra la bi trang. Tnh xac suat e bnh lay ra la bnh loai 3.
ap so : a) 0.458 .
b) 0.182 .
Bai 31. Mot bo e thi co 20 cau hoi. Sinh vien gioi se tra li ung het ca 20 cau. Sinh vien kha
tra li ung 15 cau. Sinh vien trung bnh tra li ung 10 cau. Sinh vien kem tra li ung 5 cau.
Ty le sinh vien gioi, kha, trung bnh va kem lan lt la 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%.

Mot sinh vien len bat tham 3 cau t 20 cau tren. Giam khao thay anh tra li ung ca 3
cau. Tnh xac suat anh ta la sinh vien kha hoac trung bnh.
ap so : 0.5184 .
Bai 32. Co 2 lo hang cu. Lo I co 10 cai tot, 2 cai hong. Lo II co 12 cai tot, 3 cai hong. T moi lo
lay ngau nhien ra 1 cai. Tm xac suat e :

a) nhan c 2 cai tot,

b) nhan c 2 cai cung chat lng,
c) neu lay t cung 1 lo ra 2 cai th nen lay t lo nao e c 2 cai tot vi kha nang cao hn.
ap so : a) 0.67 .
b) 0.7 .
c) Lay t lo I.
Bai 33. Co 3 hop bi; hop mot co 10 bi trong o co 3 bi o; hop hai co 15 bi trong o co 4 bi o;
hop ba co 12 bi trong o co 5 bi o. Gieo mot con xuc xac. Neu xuat hien mat 1 th chon hop
mot, xuat hien mat hai th chon hop 2, xuat hien cac mat con lai th chon hop ba. T hop c
chon, lay ngau nhien 1 bi

a) tnh xac suat e c bi o,

b) gia s lay c bi o. Tnh xac suat e bi o nay thuoc hop hai.
ap so : a) 0.372 .
b) 0.1194 .
Bai 34. Co 2 hop ao; hop mot co 10 ao trong o co 1 phe pham; hop hai co 8 ao trong o co 2
phe pham. Lay hu hoa 1 ao t hop mot bo sang hop hai; sau o t hop nay chon hu hoa ra 2 ao.
Tm xac suat e ca 2 ao nay eu la phe pham.
ap so : 0.033 .
Bai 35. Co 3 xa thu cung ban vao mot con moi, moi ngi ban 1 vien an, vi xac suat ban
trung lan lt la 0,6; 0,7; 0,8. Biet rang neu trung 1 phat an th xac suat e con thu b tieu diet
la 0,5; trung 2 phat th xac suat e con thu b tieu diet la 0,8; con neu trung 3 phat an th chac
chan con thu b tieu diet.

a) Tnh xac suat con thu b tieu diet.

b) Hay tnh xac suat con thu b tieu diet do trung 2 phat an.

19

ap so : a) 0.7916 .
b) 0.3616 .
Bai 36. Co 2 chuong tho. Chuong th nhat co 5 con tho en va 10 con tho trang. Chuong th hai
co 3 con tho trang va 7 con tho en. T chuong th hai, bat ngau nhien 1 con tho cho vao
chuong mot va sau o lai bat ngau nhien mot con tho chuong mot ra th c 1 con tho trang.
Tnh xac suat e con tho trang nay la cua chuong mot.
ap so : 0.973 .
Bai 37. Mot chuong ga co 9 con ga mai va 1 con ga trong. Chuong ga kia co 1 con mai va 5 con
trong. T moi chuong lay ngau nhien 1 con em ban. Cac con ga con lai c don vao chuong
th ba. Neu ta lai bat ngau nhien 1 con ga na t chuong nay ra th xac suat e bat c con ga
trong la bao nhieu ?
ap so : 0.362 .
Bai 38. Hai nha may cung xan suat 1 loai linh kien ien t. Nang suat nha may hai gap 3 lan
nang suat nha may mot. Ty le hong cua nha may mot va hai lan lt la 0,1% va 0,2%. Gia s
linh kien ban Trung tam ch do hai nha may nay san xuat. Mua 1 linh kien Trung tam.

a) Tnh xac suat e linh kien ay hong.

b) Gia s mua linh kien va thay linh kien b hong. Theo y ban th linh kien o do nha may
nao san xuat.
ap so : a) 0.00025 .
b) 0.857 , linh kien do nha may 2 san xuat.
Bai 39. Biet rang p1 = 0, 04 la xac suat e moi san pham c san xuat ra t day chuyen 1 la

phe pham. Tng t, oi vi day chuyen 2 th xac suat o la p2 = 0, 03 , vi day chuyen 3 la

p3 = 0, 05 va vi day chuyen 4 la p4 = 0, 058 . T mot lo gom 8 san pham cua day chuyen 1; 12
san pham cua day chuyen 2; 10 san pham cua day chuyen 3 va 5 san pham cua day chuyen 4,
lay ngau nhien ra 1 san pham. Tnh xac suat e nhan c san pham xau ? nhan c san
pham tot ?
ap so : 0.042 , 0.958 .
Bai 40. Tren mat ban co 5 ong xu, trong o co 3 ong xu xap va 2 ong xu nga. Gieo tiep len
mat ban 2 ong xu va sau o khoanh ngau nhien 4 ong xu. Tnh xac suat e trong 4 ong xu
nay co 3 ong xu xap.
ap so : 0.343 .
Bai 41. Co 3 cai thung. Thung 1 co 6 bi trang, 4 bi o; thung 2 co 5 bi trang, 5 bi o va thung 3
co 10 bi trang. Gia s ngi ta lay ngau nhien 2 bi t thung 1 bo vao thung 2. Sau o, lai lay
ngau nhien 1 bi t thung 2 bo vao thung 3 roi t thung 3 lay ngau nhien ra 1 bi. Tm xac suat
e bi lay ra la o.
ap so : 0.4833 .
Cong thc Bernoulli
Bai 42. Mot bac s cha khoi benh A cho mot ngi vi xac suat la 95%. Gia s co 10 ngi b
benh A en cha mot cach oc lap nhau. Tnh xac suat e

a) co 8 ngi khoi benh,

b) co nhieu nhat 9 ngi khoi benh.
ap so : a) 0.0746 .
b) 0.4013 .

20

Bai 43. Mot cau thu a thanh cong qua phat 11m vi xac suat 80%.

- a 4 thanh cong 2.
- a 6 thanh cong 3.
Cong viec nao de thc hien ?
ap so : a 4 qua de hn.
Bai 44. Trong mot thanh pho co 70% dan c thch xem bong a. Chon ngau nhien 10 ngi, tnh
xac suat co :

a) 5 ngi thch xem bong a,

b) t nhat 2 ngi thch xem bong a.
ap so : a) 0.103 .
b) 0.999856 .
Bai 45. Mot nha toan hoc co xac suat giai c mot bai toan kho la 0,9. Cho nha toan hoc nay 5
bai toan kho c chon mot cach ngau nhien.

a) Tnh xac suat e nha toan hoc nay giai c 3 bai.

b) Tnh xac suat e nha toan hoc nay giai c t nhat 1 bai.
c) Tnh so bai co kha nang nhat ma nha toan hoc nay giai c.
ap so : a) 0.0729 .
b) 0.99999 .
c) 5 .
Bai 46. Ty le mac benh Basedow mot vung rng nui nao o la 7%. Trong t kham tuyen sc
khoe e xuat canh, ngi ta kham cho 100 ngi. Tm xac suat e

a) trong 100 ngi co 6 ngi b Basedow,

b) trong 100 ngi co 95 ngi khong b Basedow,
c) trong 100 ngi co t nhat mot ngi b Basedow.
ap so : a) 0.153 , b) 0.1283 .
c) 0.999295 .
Bai 47. Mot lo hang vi ty le phe pham la 5%. Can phai lay mau c bao nhieu sao cho xac suat
e b t nhat mot phe pham khong be hn 0,95.
ap so : C mau ln hn hay bang 59.
Bai 48. Hai au thu A, B thi au c. Xac suat thang cua ngi A trong mot van la 0,6 (khong co
hoa). Tran au bao gom 5 van, ngi nao thang mot so van ln hn la ngi thang cuoc. Tnh
xac suat e ngi B thang cuoc.
ap so : 0.31744 .
Bai 49. Mot may san xuat lan lt tng san pham. Xac suat san xuat ra mot phe pham cua may
la 0,01.

a) Cho may san xuat 10 san pham. Tnh xac suat e co 2 phe pham.
b) May can san xuat t nhat bao nhieu san pham e xac suat co t nhat mot chnh pham
tren 0,99.
ap so : a) 0.00415 .

b) Can san xuat t nhat 459 san pham.

21

Chng 2
BIEN SO NGAU NHIEN
A. BAI TAP MAU
Bai 1. Co hai thung thuoc A va B, trong o :
- thung A co 20 lo gom 2 lo hong va 18 lo tot,
- thung B co 20 lo gom 3 lo hong va 17 lo tot.
a) Lay moi thung 1 lo. Goi X la so lo hong trong hai lo lay ra. Tm ham mat o cua X.
b) Lay thung B ra 3 lo. Goi Y la so lo hong trong 3 lo lay ra. Tm ham mat o cua Y.
Giai
a) Xet cac bien co
A : nhan c lo hong t thung A,
B : nhan c lo hong t thung B,
va goi X la so lo hong trong hai lo lay ra. Ta co X lay cac gia tr 0, 1 va 2. Chu y rang A, B la
cac bien co oc lap. Ta co
P(X = 0) = P(AB) = P(A)P(B) =

18 17 306

=
= 0.765 ,
20 20 400

P(X = 1) = P(AB + AB) = P(A)P(B) + P(A)P(B)

=

2 17 18 3
88

=
= 0.22,
20 20 20 20 400

P(X = 2) = P(AB) = P(A)P(B) =

2 3
6

=
= 0.015 .
20 20 400

T o, ta c bang phan phoi xac suat

X
P

0
0.765

1
0.22

2
0.015

va ham mat o cua X

0.765
0.22

f (x) =
0.015
0

khi x = 0
khi x = 1
khi x = 2
khi x 0, 1, 2

b) Goi Y la so lo hong trong 3 lo lay ra t thung B. Ta co Y H(20, 3, 3) , ngha la

P(Y = k) =

3 k
C3k C17
C320

va ta nhan c bang phan phoi xac suat

Y
P
cung nh ham mat o cua Y

0
0.596

1
0.358

22

2
0.045

3
0.001

0.596
0.358

f (x) = 0.045
0.001

khi x = 0
khi x = 1
khi x = 2
khi x = 3
khi x 0, 1, 2, 3

Bai 2. Mot xa thu ban bia vi xac suat ban trung bia la p = 0.6 . Co 5 vien an c ban lan

lt va xa thu dng ban khi het an hay ngay khi co mot vien an trung bia. Goi X la so lan
ban. Tm ham mat o cua X. Tnh trung bnh va phng sai 2 .
Giai

Xet cac bien co Ti : ban trung bia lan ban th i, vi i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Goi X so lan ban, ta
co X = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 va
P ( X = 1) = P ( T1 ) = 0.6 ,

( )

P ( X = 2 ) = P T1 T2 = P T1 P ( T2 ) = 0.4 0.6 ,

( ) ( )

P ( X = 3) = P T1 T2 T3 = P T1 P T2 P ( T3 )
2

= ( 0.4 ) 0.6,

( ) ( ) ( )

P ( X = 4 ) = P T1 T2 T3 T4 = P T1 P T2 P T3 P ( T4 )
3

= ( 0.4 ) 0.6,

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

P ( X = 5) = P T1 T2 T3 T4 = P T1 P T2 P T3 P T4
4

= ( 0.4 ) .
T o, ta c bang phan phoi xac suat
X
1
P
0.6
va ham mat o xac suat cua X
0.6
0.24

0.096
f (x) =
0.0384
0.0256

2
0.24

3
0.096

khi
x =1
khi
x=2
khi
x=3
khi
x=4
khi
x=5
khi x 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Ta co trung bnh cua X

X =

x f ( x ) = 1 0.6 + 2 0.24 + ... + 5 0.0256

i

= 1.6496,
va phng sai la

2X = E ( X 2 ) 2X =
x2 f (x) 2X

2
2
= 1 0.6 + 2 0.24 + ... + 52 0.0256 (1.6496)2
= 0.95722.

23

4
0.0384

5
0.0256

Bai 3. Mot thung ng 10 lo thuoc trong o co 1 lo hong. Ta kiem tra tng lo (khong hoan lai)
cho ti khi phat hien c lo hong th dng. Goi X la so lan kiem tra. Tm ham mat o cua X.
Tnh trung bnh va phng sai 2 .
Giai

Xet cac bien co Tk : lay c lo hong lan lay th k, k = 1, 2, ...,10 . Goi X la so lan kiem
tra. Ta co, X = 1, 2, ...,10 . Hn na, goi Yk la bien co khong lay c lo hong trong k lan lay
au tien, vi k = 1, 2, ...,10 . Ta c

( X = k ) = Yk 1Tk

va Yk = Yk 1 Tk .

P ( X = 1) = P ( T1 ) =

1
9
; P ( Y1 ) = P T1 =
;
10
10

( )

P ( X = 2 ) = P ( Y1 T2 ) = P ( T2 Y1 ) P ( Y1 ) =

P ( Y2 ) = P Y1 T2 = P T2 Y1 P ( Y1 ) =

8 9
8
;
.
=
9 10 10

P ( X = 3) = P ( Y2 T3 ) = P ( T3 Y2 ) P ( Y2 ) =

P ( Y3 ) = P Y2 T3 = P T3 Y2 P ( Y2 ) =

1 9
1
.
=
;
9 10 10

1 8
1
.
=
;
8 10 10

7 8
7
.
=
;
8 10 10

P ( X = 4 ) = P ( Y3 T4 ) = P ( T4 Y3 ) P ( Y3 ) =

1 7
1
;
.
=
7 10 10

...
1
, vi moi k = 1, 2, ...,10 .
10

Tng t, ta co P ( X = k ) =

T o, ta c bang phan phoi xac suat

X
P

10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

va ham mat o xac suat cua X

1

f (x) = 10
0

khi x {1, 2, 3, ...,10}

khi x {1, 2, 3, ...,10}

Suy ra trung bnh va phng sai cua X

X = (1 + 2 + .. + 10 )

1
= 5.5 .
10

2X = E(X 2 ) 2X = (12 + 22 + .. + 102 )

1
2
( 5.5 ) = 8.25 .
10

Bai 4. Goi X la tuoi tho cua con ngi. Mot cong trnh nghien cu cho biet ham mat o cua X la

cx 2 (100 x)2
f (x) =
0

khi 0 x 100
khi x < 0 hay x > 100

a) Xac nh hang so c.

24

b) Tnh trung bnh va phng sai cua X.

c) Tnh xac suat cua mot ngi co tuoi tho 60 .
d) Tnh xac suat cua mot ngi co tuoi tho 60 , biet rang ngi o hien nay a 50 tuoi.
Giai

a) e f (x) la ham mat o, ta can

+

f (x)dx = 1 .

ma
100

f (x)dx =
0

102

x3
x4 x5
cx 2 (100 x ) dx = c 104
2.102
+
,
3
4
5 0

nen ta c phng trnh

102

x3
x4 x5
2.102
+
c 104

3
4
5 0

= 1.

Giai phng trnh nay, ta c c = 3.109 .

b) Ta co trung bnh
100

X = E(X) =

xf (x)dx = c x

(100 x )

dx

100

=c

(10 x
4

2.102 x 4 + x5 )dx

102

x4
x5 x6
= c 104
2.102
+

4
5
6 0

= 50,

va phng sai
+

= E(X ) =
2
X

2
X

x f (x)dx 50
2

100

=c

(100 x )

100

=c

(10 x
4

2.102 x5 + x 6 )dx 2500

102

x5
x 6 x7
= c 104
2.102
+
2500
5
6
7 0

1014
105
2500
= 3.109
2500 =
.
2500 =
35
7
105
c) Xac suat cua mot ngi co tuoi tho 60 la

25

dx 2500

100

P(X 60) =

f (x)dx = cx

60

(100 x )

dx

60

100

=c

(10 x
4

2.102 x3 + x 4 )dx

60

102

x3
x4 x5
= c 104
2.102
+

3
4
5 60

1010
216
1296 7776
5
= c
20.
+
10 100.

3
4
5

30
104 11376
992
= 3.109105

= 0.31744.
=
5 3125
3
d) e tnh xac suat cua mot ngi co tuoi tho 60 , khi biet ngi o a 50 tuoi, ta tnh
xac suat co ieu kien
P ( X 60 X 50 ) =
=

P ( ( X 60 ) ( X 50 ) )
P ( X 50)

P ( X 60 )

P ( X 50 )

0.31744
= 0.63548,
0.5

vi P ( X 50 ) c tnh nh phan c va bang 0.5.

Bai 5. Cho bien so ngau nhien X co ham mat o

1 x
e
f (x) =
0

khi x > 0

vi > 0

khi x 0

a) Tnh trung bnh phng sai 2 .

b) Tm ham ac trng M(t). Dung ham ac trng, tnh lai trung bnh va phng sai 2 .
Giai

a) Ta co
+

= E (X) =

xf (x)dx =

xe dx ,

(1)

Dung cong thc tch phan tng phan, vi u = x , dv = e x / dx , ta c du = dx , v = e x /

va bieu thc (1) cho

= xe

x +

= e

x +

e dx

Phng sai 2 cho bi

2 = E ( X 2 ) 2X ,

26

vi E ( X

)=

1
x f (x)dx =

x 2 e dx .

Cung do cong thc tch phan tng phan, ta co

E (X

) = x e
2

x +

1
+ 2 xe dx = 2

xe

dx

= 2 2 .
T o suy ra 2 = E ( X 2 ) 2X = 2 2 2 = 2 .
b) Ham ac trng M ( t ) cua bien so ngau nhien X cho bi
M(t) = E ( etX ) =

etx f (x)dx =

t x
1
e
t 1

=
0

( t 1 ) x

dx

1
.
1 t

Vi ham ac trng M ( t ) nay, ta nhan c tr lai gia tr trung bnh

= M(0) =

[1 (0)]

= ,

va phng sai
= M(0) [ M(0)] =

2 2

[1 (0)]

2
[1 (0)]

= 2 2 2 = 2 .
Bai 6. Cho vect ngau nhien co bang phan phoi xac suat

X
0
1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

a) Tm cac ham mat o thanh phan f X (x), f Y (y) .

b) Tm cac trung bnh X , Y , cac phng sai 2X , 2Y va he so tng quan (X, Y) .
Giai

a) Ham mat o thanh phan f X (x) cho bi

f X (0) = P(X = 0) = P ( X = 0 Y = 1) + P ( X = 0 Y = 2 ) + P ( X = 0 Y = 3)

= 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.1 = 0.4,

f X (1) = P(X = 1) = P ( X = 1 Y = 1) + P ( X = 1 Y = 2 ) + P ( X = 1 Y = 3)

= 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.6,

Tng t, ham mat o thanh phan f Y (y) cho bi
f Y (1) = P(Y = 1) = P ( Y = 1 X = 0) + P ( Y = 1 X = 1)

= 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3,

27

va f X (x) = 0 khi x 0,1 .

f Y (2) = P(Y = 2) = P ( Y = 2 X = 0 ) + P ( Y = 2 X = 1)

= 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.4,

f Y (3) = P(Y = 3) = P ( Y = 3 X = 0 ) + P ( Y = 3 X = 1)

= 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3.

va f Y (y) = 0 , vi y 1, 2, 3 .
b) T cac ham mat o, ta suy ra

X =

xf

(x) = 0 0.4 + 1 0.6 = 0.6 ,

(y) = 1 0.3 + 2 0.4 + 3 0.3 = 2 ,

Y =

yf
y

2X =

x f
2

(x) 2X = 02 0.4 + 12 0.4 (0.4)2 = 0.24 ,

2Y =

y f (y)
2

2
y

= 12 0.3 + 22 0.4 + 32 0.3 22 = 0.6 .

Do

(X, Y) =

cov(X, Y) E ( XY ) X . Y
=
,
X . Y
X . Y

E ( XY ) =

xyf (x, y) = 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.6 = 1.2 ,

va
x,y

ta suy ra
(X, Y) =

cov(X, Y) E ( XY ) X . Y 1.2 0.6 2

=
=
= 0.
X . Y
X . Y
0.24 0.6

Bai 7. Cho vect ngau nhien co ham mat o

c(x + y)2
f (x, y) =
0

( x, y ) [ 0,1] [ 0,1]
khi ( x.y ) [ 0,1] [ 0,1]

khi

a) Tm cac ham mat o thanh phan f X (x), f Y (y) .

b) Tm cac trung bnh X , Y , cac phng sai 2X , 2Y va he so tng quan (X, Y) .
Giai

Trc het, ta can xac nh hang so c. Do tnh chat ham mat o, ta co

+ +

f (x, y)dxdy = 1 .

Ma
1 1

+ +

f (x, y)dxdy = c

nen ta suy ra c =

0 0

(x + y)2 dxdy =

c 3 3 2
7c

,
x + x + x =
3
2
6
0

6
. Khi o, cac ham mat o thanh phan cho bi
7

28

f X (x) = f (x, y)dy = c(x + y) dy = (x + y)3

3
0

2
( 3x2 + 3x + 1) ,
7

f Y (y) = f (x, y)dx = c(x + y) dx = (x + y)3

3
0

2
( 3y 2 + 3y + 1) .
7

b) T ham mat o f (x, y) , ta suy ra

+ +

X =

2
=
7

0 0

( x(x + y) )
3

1 1

6
yf (x, y)dxdy =
7

y(x + y) dxdy

( y(x + y)3 ) dy =

2
7

2
7

2
x(x + y) dxdy =
7
2

9
,
( 3x + 3x + x ) dx = 72 43 x4 + x3 + x2 = 14

0
0
3

1 1

+ +

Y =

6
xf (x, y)dxdy =
7

0 0

( 3y

+ 3y 2 + y ) dy

23 4
y2
9
3
,
y +y +
=
74
2 0 14
+ +

2
X

(x

f (x, y)dxdy

1 588 5 168 4 317 3 9 2

199

=
x
x
x x + 81x =
,

686 5
4
3
2
0 2940
+ +
2
Y

(y

f (x, y)dxdy =

+ +

E ( XY ) =

6
xyf (x, y)dxdy =
7

199
,
2940
1 1

xy(x + y) dxdy
2

0 0

6 31
1
1
+ 2x 2 + x dx
x
7 2
3
4
0

6 x 4 2x 3 x 2
17
=
+
+
,
=
7 8
9
8 0 42
(X, Y) =

cov(X, Y) E ( XY ) X Y
=
X Y
X Y

5
17 9 9

588 = 25 = 0.127.
= 42 14 14 =
199
199
199 199

2940
2940 2940

29

1
0

dx

Bai 8. Cho vect ngau nhien V = ( X, Y ) , vi X, Y oc lap. Gia s X, Y co trung bnh X , Y va

phng

sai

2X ,

2Y

at Z = X + Y . Chng minh rang

a) Z = X + Y ,
b) 2Z = 2 2X + 22Y .
Giai

Ta chng minh cho trng hp X, Y la cac bien so ngau nhien ri rac. Trng hp X va Y
la cac bien so ngau nhien lien tuc c chng minh tng t.
a) Goi f (x, y) la ham mat o (ong thi) cua V. Ta co

(x + y)f (x, y)
= xf (x, y) + yf (x, y) = E(X) + E(Y),

E ( Z ) = E ( X + Y ) =

x,y

x,y

x,y

ngha la Z = X + Y .
b) Do nh ngha,

( z ) f (x, y) = (( x + y ) ( +
=
( x ) + ( y ) f (x, y)
= ( x ) f (x, y) + ( y ) f (x, y) +
+ 2 ( x ) ( y )f (x, y) ) .
2

2Z =

))

f (x, y)

x,y

x,y

x,y

x,y
X

x,y

Ma X va Y oc lap nen

(x

) ( y Y )f (x, y) ) = E ( ( X X ) ( Y Y ) ) = 0 ,

x,y

va do o
2Z = 2

(x

f (x, y) + 2

x,y

(y

f (x, y)

x,y

= 2 2X + 22Y .
Bai 9. Cho vect ngau nhien V = ( X, Y ) . at Z = X + Y . Chng minh rang

Z = X + Y va 2Z = 2X + 2(X, Y) X Y + 2Y .
Suy ra rang, neu X va Y khong tng quan, ngha la (X, Y) = 0 , th 2Z = 2X + 2Y .
Giai

Tng t bai 8, ta chng minh cho trng hp X, Y la bien so ngau nhien ri rac.
Z =

zf (x, y) = xf (x, y) + yf (x, y) =

z

x,y

x,y

30

+ y ,

 ( z ) f (x, y) = ( x + y ) f (x, y)
= ( x ) f (x, y) + ( y ) f (x, y) +
+ 2 ( x ) ( y ) f (x, y)
2

2Z =

x,y

x,y

x,y

= 2X + 2Y + 2cov(X, Y) = 2X + 2Y + 2(X, Y) X Y .
Khi X va Y khong tng quan, th (X, Y) = 0 va do o
2Z = 2X + 2Y .

Bai 10. Cho vect ngau nhien V = ( X, Y ) co bang phan phoi xac suat

1/ 3

1/ 3

1/ 3

X
1

a) Tnh trung bnh va phng sai cua X va Y.

b) Tnh he so tng tng quan (X, Y) .
c) X va Y co oc lap khong ?
Giai

a) Ta co cac ham mat o thanh phan

1 / 3 khi x = 1, 0,1
f X (x) =
khi x 1, 0,1
0
2 / 3 khi y = 0

f Y (y) = 1 / 3 khi y = 1
0
khi y 0,1

T o suy ra
X =

xf

(x) = 1

(y) = 0

Y =

yf
y

2X =

x f
2

1
1
1
+ 0 +1 = 0,
3
3
3

2
1 1
+1 = ,
3
3 3

(x) 2X = (1)2

2Y =

y 2 f y (y) 2y = 02

1
1
1
2
+ 02 + 12 02 = ,
3
3
3
3
2

2
1 1
2
+ 12 = .
3
3 3
9

b) Do
E ( XY ) =

xyf (x, y) = 0 ,
x,y

ta suy ra
31

(X, Y) =

cov(X, Y) E ( XY ) X . Y
=
= 0.
X . Y
X . Y

c) Vi ham mat o ong thi f (x, y) , ta co

f (0, 0) = 0 f X (0)f Y (0) =

2
.
9

Do o, X va Y khong oc lap.
Bai 11. Chng minh rang neu vect ngau nhien V = ( X, Y ) co X, Y oc lap, th (X, Y) = 0 .
Giai

V X, Y oc lap nen E ( XY ) = E ( X ) .E ( Y ) . T o suy ra

(X, Y) =
=

cov(X, Y) E ( XY ) X . Y
=
X . Y
X . Y
E ( X ) .E ( Y ) E ( X ) .E ( Y )
X . Y

= 0.

Bai 12. Chng minh rang vi moi vect ngau nhien V = ( X, Y ) , ta co he so tng quan (X, Y)

thoa

1 (X, Y) 1 .

Giai

Ta chng minh cho trng hp X, Y la cac bien so ngau nhien ri rac. Trng hp bien so
ngau nhien lien tuc c chng minh tng t. Vi f (x, y) ch ham mat o (ong thi) cua
V = ( X, Y ) , ta co
(X, Y) =

cov(X, Y) E ( ( X X ) ( Y Y ) )
=
,
X . Y
X . Y

va

(X
= (X

E (( X X ) ( Y Y )) =

)(Y Y )f (x, y)

) f (x, y)(Y Y ) f (x, y).

x,y

x,y

nen t bat ang thc Cauchy Schwarz, ta co

E (( X X ) ( Y Y ))

(X

)2 f (x, y)

x,y

(Y
x,y

= X Y .
Do o
(X, Y) =

E (( X X ) ( Y Y ))
X Y

1,

ngha la 1 (X, Y) 1 .

32

)2 f (x, y)

B. BAI TAP
Xac nh bien ngau nhien.
Bai 1. Xac suat cha khoi benh A cua 1 bac s la 0,8.

a) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua so ngi c cha khoi benh trong 1 nhom benh
nhan gom 5 ngi do bac s o ieu tr.
b) Goi X la so benh nhan cha khoi benh. Tm ham phan phoi xac suat cua X.
X
P

0
0.00032

1
0.0064

2
0.0512

3
0.2048

ap so : a)
4
5
0.4096 0.32768
b)
khi
x<0

0.00032

0.00672

F ( x ) = 0.05792
0.26272

0.67232

khi
khi
khi
khi
khi
khi

0 x<1
1 x<2
2x<3
3x<4
4x<5
x5

Bai 2. Co 2 cai hop. Hop mot cha 10 bi gom 3 bi o va 7 bi en. Hop hai cha 5 bi gom 2 bi o
va 3 bi en. Lay ngau nhien 1 bi t hop mot bo vao hop hai; roi t hop hai lay ngau nhien 1 bi.

a) Tnh xac suat e bi lay ra t hop hai la bi o.

b) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cho so bi o co trong hop hai sau khi bo vao 1 bi lay t
hop mot.
ap so : a) 0.383 .
b)
X
2
3
7
3
P
10
10
Bai 3. Mot thiet b gom 3 bo phan hoat ong oc lap vi nhau, xac suat trong khoang thi gian
t cac bo phan hong tng ng bang 0.2; 0.3; 0.25. Goi X la so bo phan b hong trong khoang thi
gian t.

a) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua X.

b) Viet bieu thc ham phan phoi cua X.
c) Tnh P ( 0 < X 4 ) theo hai cach.
X
P

0
0.42

1
0.425

0.42
F ( x ) = 0.845
0.985

ap so : a)
2
3
0.14
0.015
b)
khi
x<0

khi 0 x < 1
khi 1 x < 2
khi 2 x < 3
khi
x3
c) 0.58 .

33

Bai 4. Moi cau thu co 3 qua bong. Hai cau thu lan lt nem bong vao ro cho en khi co ngi
nem trung hoac het bong th ngng. Biet xac suat nem trung cua cau thu th nhat la 0,7, cua
cau thu th hai la 0,8 va cau thu 1 nem trc.

a) Goi X i la so lan cau thu th i nem. Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua X 1 va X 2 .
b) Goi Yi la so lan cau thu th i nem trung. Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua Y1 va Y2 .

X2
P

X1
P

1
0.94

0
0.7

1
0.282

ap so : a)
2
3
0.0564 0.0036
2
3
0.01692 0.00108
b)
0
1
0.25548 0.74452

Y1
P
Y2
P

0
1
0.744736 0.255264

Tham so ac trng cua bien ngau nhien.

Bai 5. Tung mot ong xu xap nga 2 lan oc lap. Goi X la so lan c mat xap.

a) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cho X.

b) Tnh xac suat co t nhat mot lan c mat xap.
c) Tnh ky vong, phng sai.
d) Tnh Mod[X], Me[X].
e) Tnh he so bat oi xng, he so nhon.
X
P

0
0.25

ap so : a)
2
0.25
b) 0.75 .
c) X = 1 , 2X = 0.5 .
1
0.5

d) Mod [ X ] = 1 , Me [ X ] = 1 .
e) 1 ( X ) = 0 , 2 ( X ) = 8 .
Bai 6. Goi X la so lan mat nhat xuat hien sau ba lan tung mot con xuc xac.

a) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua X.

b) Tnh xac suat co t nhat mot lan c mat nhat.
c) Tnh xac suat co toi a hai lan mat nhat.
d) Tnh X , 2X .
X
P

34

0
0.579

1
0.347

ap so : a)
2
3
0.069
0.005
b) 0.421 .
c) 0.995 .

d) X = 0.5 , 2X = 0.417 .
Bai 7. Co 3 xa thu cung ban vao mot muc tieu, moi ngi ban 1 vien, trong cung mot so ieu
kien nhat nh. Xac suat e moi xa thu ban trung muc tieu lan lt la 0,6; 0,7; 0,9. Goi X la so
vien an trung muc tieu. Hay lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua X. Tnh trung bnh ( X ), phng

sai ( 2X ) va Mod[X].
ap so :
X
P

0
1
2
3
0.012
0.154
0.456
0.378
X = 2.2 , 2X = 0.54 , Mod [ X ] = 2 .

Bai 8. Mot phan xng co ba may M1 , M2 , M3 . Trong mot gi, moi may san xuat c 10 san

pham, trong o so san pham khong at tieu chuan cua M1, M2, M3 lan lt la 1, 2, 1. Lay ngau
nhien t moi may mot san pham. Goi X la so san pham khong at tieu chuan trong 3 san pham
c lay ra.
a) Lap bang phan phoi san xuat cua X.
b) Tm X , 2X , Mod[X].
c) Tnh P ( X 1) .
X
P

0
0.648

1
0.306

ap so : a)
2
3
0.044
0.002

b) X = 0.4 , 2X = 0.34 , Mod [ X ] = 0 .

c) 0.954 .
Bai 9. Xet tro chi, tung mot con xuc xac ba lan: neu ca ba lan c 6 nut th lnh 6 ngan , neu
hai lan 6 nut th lnh 4 ngan , mot lan 6 nut th lnh 2 ngan , va neu khong co 6 nut th
khong lnh g het. Moi lan chi phai ong A ngan . Hoi :

a) A la bao nhieu th ngi chi ve lau ve dai hue von (goi la tro chi cong bang),
b) A la bao nhieu th trung bnh moi lan ngi chi mat 1 ngan .
ap so : a) A = 1000 .
b) A = 2000 .
Bai 10. Mot nha au t co 3 d an. Goi Xi(i=1, 2, 3) la so tien thu c khi thc hien d an th i
(gia tr am ch so tien b thua lo). Xi la ai lng ngau nhien. Qua nghien cu, gia s co so lieu
nh sau : (n v tnh : 10 trieu ong )

X1
P

-20
0.3

30
0.2

60
0.5

X2
P

-20
0.4

-10
0.2

100
0.4

X3
-25
P
0.2
Theo anh (ch), ta nen chon d an nao ?

-30
0.3

80
0.5
ap so : Nen chon d an 1.

35

Bai 11. Cho X la mot ai lng ngau nhien co phan phoi xac suat nh sau

PX

2a

2a

3a

a2

2a 2

7a 2 + a

a) Xac nh a.
b) Tnh P [ X 5] , P [ X < 3] .
c) Tnh k nho nhat sao cho P [ X k ]

1
.
2
1
.
10
b) P [ X 5] = 0.2 , P [ X < 3] = 0.3 .

ap so : a) a =

c) k = 3 .
Bai 12. Cho ham mat o cua bien ngau nhien X co dang

Ax khi x [ 0,1]
a) f (x) =
0 khi x [ 0,1]
A sin x khi x [ 0, ]
b) f (x) =
khi x [ 0, ]
0
1
A cos x khi x [ 0, 2 ]
c) f (x) =
0
khi x [ 0, 12 ]

1
A
d) f (x) = x 4
0

khi x 1
khi x < 1

Hay xac nh A. Tm ham phan phoi xac suat cua X. Tnh X , 2X , neu co.
ap so : a) A = 2 , X =

x2

F ( x) = 0
1

b) A = 0.5 , X =

2
, 2X = 0.055 ,
3
khi 0 x 1
khi
x<0 .
khi

x >1

2
2,
, 2X =
4
2

1
2 (1 cos x ) khi 0 x

F ( x) =
0
khi
x<0 .

1
khi
x>

1 1
3
c) A = , X = , 2X =
,
2
2
1

sin ( x ) khi 0 x 2

F ( x) = 0
khi
x<0 .

1
1
khi
x>
2

36

d) A = 3 , X =

1 3
F ( x) =
x
0

3
3
, 2X = ,
2
4

khi x 1

khi x < 1

Bai 13. Tuoi tho cua mot loai bong en nao o la 1 bien ngau nhien X (n v nam) vi ham
mat o nh sau

kx 2 (4 x) khi 0 x 4
f (x) =
0
khi x [0, 4]

a) Tm k va ve o th f(x).
b) Tm xac suat e bong en chay trc khi no c 1 nam tuoi.
ap so : a) k =

3
,
64

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

4 .

b) 0.0508 .
Bai 14. Trong lng cua mot con vt 6 thang tuoi la 1 bien ngau nhien X (n v tnh la Kg) co
ham mat o

k(x 2 1) khi 1 x 3
f (x) =
0
khi x [1, 3]

a) Tm k.
b) Vi k tm c, tm
(i) trong lng trung bnh cua vt 6 thang tuoi,
(ii) ham phan phoi xac suat cua X,
(iii) ty le vt cham ln, biet vt 6 thang tuoi cham ln la vt co trong lng nho hn 2Kg.
3
.
20
b) (i) X = 2.4 kg.

ap so : a) k =

(ii)

x 3x + 2

20

F ( x) =
0

khi 1 x 3
khi
khi

x<1 .
x>3
(iii) 0.2 .

37

Bai 15. Cho ham mat o cua bien ngau nhien X co dang

a cos x khi x 2 , 2
f (x) =
khi x 2 , 2
0
a) Tm a va xac nh ham phan phoi xac suat F(x) cua X.

b) Tnh xac suat e X nhan gia tr trong khoang , .
4
1
,
2

sin x + 1
khi x

2
2
2

.
F ( x) =
0
khi
x<
2

1
khi
x>

ap so : a) a =

b) 0.1465 .
Bai 16. Cho bien ngau nhien lien tuc X co ham phan phoi

0
khi
x< ,

F(x) = a + b sin x khi x ,

2
2

1
khi
x>

vi a, b la hang so.
a) Tm a va b.

b) Vi a va b tm c cau a), tnh ham mat o f(x) cua X; Mod [ x ] ; Me [ x ] ; P X > .

4

ap so : a) a =

b) Mod [ x ] = 0 , Me [ x ] = 0 , P X >

1
cos x khi
2
f ( x) =
0
khi

1
1
, b= .
2
2

= 0.1465 ,
4

x ,
2 2

x ,
2 2

Vect ngau nhien.

Bai 17. So tre em sinh ra trong mot tuan mot lang A nao o la mot ai lng ngau nhien co
phan bo xac suat la

X
0
1
2
3
P
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
So ngi chet trong mot tuan lang A la mot ai lng ngau nhien Y co phan bo xac suat la
Y
0
P
0,1
Gia s rang X va Y oc lap.

1
0,3

2
0,4
38

3
0,15

4
0,05

a) Tm phan phoi xac suat ong thi cua X va Y.

b) Tnh P(X > Y).
ap so : a)
X
0
1
2
3

0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01

0.12
0.09
0.06
0.03

0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04

0.06
0.045
0.03
0.015
b)

4
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0.19 .

Bai 18. Cho bang phan phoi xac suat ong thi cua X, Y nh sau :

X
1
0,1
2
0,3
3
0,2
a) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat thanh phan cua

0,06
0,18
0,16
X va Y.

b) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat co ieu kien cua X va Y.

c) Tnh covariance va he so tng quan cua X va Y.
X
PX

ap so : a)
2
3
0.48
0.36

1
0.16
Y
PY

4
0.6

5
0.4
b)

Y
X
1
2
3

0.17
0.5
0.33

0.15
0.45
0.4

1
2
3
Y
4
0.625 0.625 0.56
5
0.375 0.375 0.44
c) cov(X, Y) = 0.02 , (X, Y) = 0.059 .
Tham so ac trng cua bien ngau nhien.
Bai 19. Cac ai lng ngau nhien X va Y co bang phan phoi xac suat ong thi nh sau

X
1
0,12
2
0,28
a) Chng minh rang X va Y oc lap.
39

0,15
0,35

0,03
0,07

b) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua Z = XY. T o tnh E(Z) va kiem tra rang
E(Z) = E(X)E(Y) .
Z
P

ap so : b)
2
3
4
6
0.43
0.03
0.35
0.07
E ( Z ) = 2.89 , E ( X ) = 1.7 , E ( Y ) = 1.7 .

1
0.12

Bai 20. Cho X, Y la hai ai lng ngau nhien co phan bo xac suat ong thi nh sau

-1

X
-1

1
1

4
8
8

Hay tnh E(X), E(Y), cov(X,Y) va (X, Y) .

1
, Y = 0 , cov(X, Y) = 0.125 , (X, Y) = 0.1502 .
8
Bai 21. Cho X,Y la hai ai lng ngau nhien co phan bo xac suat ong thi nh sau
ap so : X =

X
-1

-1
4
1

0
1

0
1

15

15
0

15
15
15

1
4
1

15
15
0

a) Tm X , Y , cov(X,Y) va (X, Y) .
b) X va Y co oc lap khong ?
ap so : a) X = 0.467 , Y = 0 , cov(X, Y) = 0 , (X, Y) = 0 .
b) X va Y oc lap.
Bai 22. Co hai hop, moi hop ng 6 bi. Trong hop mot co : 1 bi mang so 1, 2 bi mang so 2, 3 bi
mang so 3. Trong hop hai co : 2 bi mang so 1, 3 bi mang so 2, 1 bi mang so 3. Rut t moi hop 1
bi. Goi X la so ghi tren bi rut ra t hop mot, Y la so ghi tren bi rut ra t hop hai.

a) Hay lap bang phan phoi xac suat ong thi cua V = ( X, Y ) .
b) Bang phan phoi xac suat le cua X , Y.
c) Ky vong, phng sai cua X , Y.
d) Hiep phng sai, he so tng quan.
ap so : a)
Y
X
1

40

36

36

36

X
PX

Y
PY

36
1

36

36

36
2

36

36

36
36
b)

36
3

36
36
36
2
2
c) X = 2.33 , Y = 1.83 , X = 0.555 , Y = 0.472 .
d) cov(X, Y) = 0.0139 , (X, Y) = 0.027 .
Bai 23. Tung ba lan oc lap mot con xuc xac. Goi X la so lan mat chan xuat hien va Y la so lan
mat le xuat hien.

a) Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua X va Y.

b) Tnh he so tng quan (X, Y) . Nhan xet?
X
PX

0
0.125

1
0.375

ap so : a)
2
3
0.375
0.125

Y
PY

0
0.125

1
0.375

2
0.375

3
0.125

b) (X, Y) = 1 , X va Y phu thuoc chat, nghch bien.

41

Chng 3

PHAN PHOI XAC SUAT

A. BAI TAP MAU
Bai 1. Gia s ty le sinh con trai va con gai la bang nhau va bang
con. Tnh xac suat e 4 a con o gom

1
. Mot gia nh co 4 ngi
2

a) 2 trai va 2 gai,
b) 1 trai va 3 gai,
c) 4 trai.
Giai
Goi X la so con trai trong mot gia nh co 4 con th X B ( 4; 0.5 ) .
a) Xac suat e co hai trai va hai gai trong bon a con la

P(X = 2) = C24 ( 0.5 )

( 0.5)

= 0.375.

3
8

b) Xac suat e co mot con trai trong so bon a con la

1

P(X = 1) = C14 ( 0.5 ) ( 0.5 ) =

= 0.25.

1
4

c) Xac suat e ca bon eu la trai

P(X = 4) = C44 ( 0.5 )

( 0.5)

= 0.0625.

1
16

Bai 2. Mot nha may san xuat vi ty le phe pham la 7%

a) Quan sat ngau nhien 10 san pham. Tnh xac suat e

i) co ung mot phe pham,
ii) co t nhat mot phe pham,
iii) co nhieu nhat mot phe pham.
b) Hoi phai quan sat t nhat bao nhieu san pham e xac suat nhan c t nhat mot phe pham
0.9 .
Giai

a) Goi X la so phe pham nhan c trong 10 san pham th X B (10; 0.07 ) .

i) Xac suat e co ung 1 phe pham trong 10 san pham la
1

10 1

P(X = 1) = C110 ( 0.07 ) (1 0.07 )

9

= 10 0.07 ( 0.93) = 0.3643.

ii) Xac suat e co t nhat mot phe pham la

42

P(X 1) = 1 P(X = 0)
0
= 1 C10
( 0.07 )

( 0.93)

10

= 1 ( 0.93)

10

= 0.516.
iii) Va xac suat e co nhieu nhat mot phe pham la

P(X 1) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)

0
= C10
( 0.07 )

( 0.93)

10

1
+ C10
( 0.07 ) ( 0.93)
1

= 0.8483.
b) Goi n la so san pham quan sat e xac suat nhan c t nhat mot phe pham 0.9 . Vi bien
so X ch so phe pham nhan c trong n lan quan sat nay th X B ( n; 0.07 ) . Do
P(X 1) = 1 P(X = 0)
= 1 C0n ( 0.07 ) ( 0.93)
0

= 1 ( 0.93) .
n

T P(X 1) 0.9 , ta c bat phng trnh

1 ( 0.93) 0.9 .
n

Giai bat phng trnh tren, ta nhan c gia tr n 31.73 . Vay phai quan sat t nhat 32
san pham.
Bai 3. Mot trung tam bu ien nhan c trung bnh 3 cuoc ien thoai trong moi phut. Tnh xac
suat e trung tam nay nhan c 1 cuoc, 2 cuoc, 3 cuoc goi trong 1 phut, biet rang so cuoc goi
trong mot phut co phan phoi Poisson.
Giai

Goi X la so cuoc goi nhan c trong 1 phut th X co phan phoi Poisson vi trung bnh 3,
ngha la X P(3) .
Xac suat e trung tam bu ien nhan c 1 cuoc, 2 cuoc va 3 cuoc goi trong 1 phut lan
lt la

va

P(X = 1) = e3

31
= 0.1494 ,
1!

P(X = 2) = e3

32
= 0.224 ,
2!

P(X = 3) = e3

33
= 0.224 .
3!

Bai 4. Khi tiem truyen mot loai huyet thanh, trung bnh co mot trng hp phan ng tren 1000
trng hp. Dung loai huyet thanh nay tiem cho 2000 ngi. Tnh xac suat e

a) co 3 trng hp phan ng,

b) co nhieu nhat 3 trng hp phan ng,
c) co nhieu hn 3 trng hp phan ng.
Giai

Do xac suat e mot ngi b phan ng vi loai huyet thanh nay la

1
1000

nen vi X ch so

ngi b phan ng vi loai huyet thanh nay trong 2000 ngi th X B(2000; 0.001) .

43

V p = 0.001 < 0.01 va

np = 2 < 5 nen phan phoi nh thc co the xap x bang phan phoi

Poisson, ngha la
X P(2000 0.001) = P(2) .
a) Vay, xac suat e co ba trng hp phan ng trong 1000 trng hp la
P(X = 3) = e2

23 4 2
= e = 0.18 .
3! 3

b) Xac suat co nhieu nhat 3 trng hp phan ng trong 1000 trng hp la

P(X 3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
= e2 + 2e2 + 2e2 +
=

19 2
e = 0.86.
3

4 2
e
3

c) Va xac xuat co nhieu hn 3 trng hp phan ng la

P(X > 3) = 1 P(X 3)
=1

19 2
e = 0.14.
3

Bai 5. Ty le mot loai benh bam sinh trong dan so la p = 0.01 . Benh nay can s cham soc ac

biet luc mi sinh. Mot nha bao sinh thng co 20 ca sinh trong mot tuan. Tnh xac suat e
a) khong co trng hp nao can cham soc ac biet,
b) co ung mot trng hp can cham soc ac biet,
c) co nhieu hn mot trng hp can cham soc ac biet.
Tnh bang quy luat nh thc roi dung quy luat Poisson e so sanh ket qua khi ta xap x
phan phoi nh thc B(n; p) bang phan phoi poisson P(np) .
Giai

Goi X la so trng hp can cham soc ac biet trong 20 ca sinh. Ta co X B(20; 0.01) .
a) Xac suat e khong co trng hp nao can cham soc ac biet la
P(X = 0) = C020 ( 0.01) (1 0.01) )
0

= ( 0.99 )

20

20

= 0.8179.

b) Xac suat e co ung mot trng hp can cham soc ac biet la

1

P(X = 1) = C120 ( 0.01) (1 0.01) )

19

= 20 ( 0.01) ( 0.99 )

20 1

= 0.1652.

c) Xac suat co nhieu hn mot trng hp can cham soc ac biet la

P(X > 1) = 1 [ P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)]
= 1 (0.8179 + 0.1652) = 0.0168.
Khi xap x phan phoi nh thc bang phan phoi Poisson, ngha la X P(20 0.01) = P(0.2) ,
ta nhan c
P(X = 0) = e0.2 = 0.8187 ,

44

(0.2)1
= 0.1637 ,
1!

P(X = 1) = e0.2
va

P(X > 1) = 1 [ P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)]

= 1 (0.8187 + 0.1637) = 0.01755.

Ket luan : Vi c mau 20 va ty le benh p = 0.01 th ket qua cua hai loai phan phoi nay xap
x nh nhau.
Bai 6. Cho vect ngau nhien V = ( X, Y ) , vi X, Y oc lap, X P( X ) va Y P( Y ) .

a) Tnh xac suat P ( X + Y = n ) ,

b) Tnh xac suat P ( X = k X + Y = n ) .
Giai

a) Ta co
P ( X + Y = n) =

P ( X = k; Y = n k ) .
k =0

Do X, Y oc lap, X P( X ) va Y P( Y ) , nen
P ( X = k; Y = n k ) = P ( X = k ) P ( Y = n k )
= e X

kX Y nY k
e
k!
(n k ) !

T o suy ra

P(X + Y = n) =

eX

k =0

= e( X + Y )

kX Y nY k
=
e
k!
(n k ) !
n

kX nY k
e(X + Y )
=
k ! (n k ) !
n!

k =0

= e( X + Y )

(X

+ Y )
n!

C
k
n

k
X

nk
Y

k =0

b) T cong thc xac suat co ieu kien

P ( X = k X + Y = n) =
=

P ( X = k; X + Y = n )
P ( X + Y = n)

P (X = k) P (Y = n k)
P ( X + Y = n)

P ( X = k; Y = n k )
P ( X + Y = n)

ta c
kX Y nY k
e
k!
(n k) !
P ( X = k X + Y = n) =
n
( X + Y ) ( X + Y )
e
n!
eX

Y
= Cnk

X + Y

nk

.
X + Y

45

Bai 7. ng knh cua mot chi tiet may do mot may tien t ong san xuat co phan phoi chuan
vi trung bnh = 50 mm va o lech chuan = 0.05 mm. Chi tiet may c xem la at yeu cau

neu ng knh khong sai qua 0.1mm.

a) Tnh ty le san pham at yeu cau.
b) Lay ngau nhien 3 san pham. Tnh xac suat co t nhat mot san pham at yeu cau.
Giai

Goi X la ng knh cua chi tiet may th X N(; 2 ) , vi

= 50 mm va = 0.05 mm.

a) Xet bien co A : nhan c san pham at yeu cau, ta co

P ( A ) = P ( 49.9 X 50.1) .
Mat khac, neu ta at Y =

X X 50
, th Y N(0;1) . Do o
=

0.05

49.9 50 X 50 50.1 50
P ( 49.9 X 50.1) = P

0.05
0.05
0.05
= P ( 2 Y 2 ) = ( 2 ) ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 )
= 0.9544.
Vay xac suat e nhan c san pham at yeu cau la 95.44%.
b) Goi X la so san pham at yeu cau trong 3 san pham lay ra th X B ( 3; 0.9544 ) .
Suy ra xac suat e co t nhat mot san pham at yeu cau la
P ( X 1) = 1 P ( X = 0 )
= 1 C03 ( 0.9544 ) (1 0.9544 )
0

= 1 ( 0.0456) = 0.9999.
3

Bai 8. Trong lng X (tnh bang gam) mot loai trai cay co phan phoi chuan N(; 2 ) , vi

= 500(gam) va 2 = 16(gam2 ) . Trai cay thu hoach c phan loai theo trong lng nh sau :
a) loai 1 : tren 505 gam,
b) loai 2 : t 495 en 505 gam,
c) loai 3 : di 495 gam.
Tnh ty le moi loai.
Giai

Goi X la trong lng trai cay th

X N ( ; 2 ) = N ( 500; 42 ) . Vi

Y N ( 0;1) . Do o
a) Ty le trai cay loai 1 la
X 500 505 500
P ( X > 505 ) = P
>

4
4

= P ( Y > 1.25 ) = ( + ) (1.25 ) = 0.5 (1.25 )

= 0.10565.
b) Ty le trai cay loai 2 la

46

Y=

X 500
4

th

 495 500 X 500 505 500

P ( 495 X 505 ) = P

4
4
4

= P ( 1.25 Y 1.25 ) = 0.7887.

c) Va ty le cua loai 3 la
X 500 495 500
<
)
4
4
= P ( Y < 1.25 ) = ( 1.25 ) ( )

P ( X < 495 ) = P(

= (1.25 ) + 0.5 = 0.10565.

Vay, trai cay thu hoach c co khoang 11% loai 1, 78% loai 2 va 11% loai 3.
B. BAI TAP.
Bai 1. Co 8000 san pham trong o co 2000 san pham khong at tieu chuan ky thuat. Lay ngau
nhien (khong hoan lai) 10 san pham. Tnh xac suat e trong 10 san pham lay ra co 2 san pham
khong at tieu chuan.
ap so : 0.282 .
Bai 2. ng knh cua mot loai chi tiet do mot may san xuat co phan phoi chuan, ky vong
20mm, phng sai (0, 2mm)2 . Lay ngau nhien 1 chi tiet may. Tnh xac suat e

a) co ng knh trong khoang 19,9mm en 20,3mm,

b) co ng knh sai khac vi ky vong khong qua 0,3mm.
ap so : a) 0.6247 .
b) 0.8664 .
Bai 3. Mot may det co 4000 ong si. Xac suat e moi ong si b t trong 1 phut la 0,0005. Tnh
xac suat e trong 1 phut

a) co 3 ong si b t,
b) co t nhat 2 ong si b t.
ap so : a) 0.18 .
b) 0.595 .
Bai 4. Mot ca hang cho thue xe oto nhan thay rang so ngi en thue xe oto vao ngay th bay
cuoi tuan la mot ai lng ngau nhien X co phan phoi Poisson vi tham so = 2 . Gia s ca
hang co 4 chiec oto. Hay Tm xac suat e

a) khong phai tat ca 4 chiec oto eu c thue,

b) tat ca 4 chiec oto eu c thue,
c) ca hang khong ap ng c yeu cau,
d) trung bnh co bao nhieu oto c thue,
e) ca hang can co t nhat bao nhieu oto e xac suat khong ap ng c nhu cau thue be
hn 2%.
ap so : a) 0.857 .
b) 0.1429 .
c) 0.0527 .
d) 2 .
e) 5 .

47

Bai 5. Mot tong ai bu ien co cac cuoc ien thoai goi en xuat hien ngau nhien, oc lap vi
nhau va co toc o trung bnh 2 cuoc goi trong 1 phut. Tm xac suat e

a) co ung 5 cuoc ien thoai trong 2 phut,

b) khong co cuoc ien thoai nao trong khoang thi gian 30 giay,
c) co t nhat 1 cuoc ien thoai trong khoang thi gian 10 giay.
ap so : a) 0.1563 .
b) 0.3679 .
c) 0.284 .
Bai 6. Ty le c tri ung ho ng c vien A trong mot cuoc bau c la 60%. Ngi ta hoi y kien 20 c
tri c chon mot cach ngau nhien. Goi X la so ngi bo phieu cho A trong 20 ngi o.

a) Tm gia tr trung bnh, o lech chuan va Mod cua X.

b) Tm P ( X 10 ) .
c) Tm P ( X > 12 ) .
d) Tm P ( X = 11) .
ap so : a) X = 12 , X = 2.191 , Mod [ X ] = 12 .
b) 0.245 .
c) 0.416 .
d) 0.16 .
Bai 7. Xac suat e mot may san xuat ra phe pham la 0.02.

a) Tnh xac suat e trong 10 san pham do may san xuat co khong qua 1 phe pham.
b) Mot ngay may san xuat c 250 san pham. Tm so phe pham trung bnh va so phe
pham tin chac nhat cua may o trong mot ngay.
ap so : a) 0.98 .
b) So phe pham trung bnh = 5, so phe pham tin chac nhat = 5.
Bai 8. Mot may san xuat ra san pham loai A vi xac suat 0.485. Tnh xac suat sao co trong 200
san pham do may san xuat ra co t nhat 95 san pham loai A.
ap so : 0.6103 .
Bai 9. Xac suat e mot may san xuat ra san pham loai A la 0.25. Tnh xac suat e trong 80 san
pham do may san xuat ra co t 25 en 30 san pham loai A.
ap so : 0.0936 .
Bai 10. Gieo 100 hat giong cua mot loai nong san. Xac suat nay mam cua moi hat la 0.8. Tnh
xac suat e co t nhat 90 hat nay mam.
ap so : 0.0062 .
Bai 11. Mot sot cam co 10 trai trong o co 4 trai h. Lay ngau nhien ra 3 trai.

a) Tnh xac suat lay c 3 trai h.

b) Tnh xac suat lay c 1 trai h
c) Tnh xac suat lay c t nhat 1 trai h.
d) Tnh xac suat lay c nhieu nhat 2 trai h.

48

ap so : a) 0.033 .
b) 0.5 .
c) 0.83 .
d) 0.967 .
Bai 12. Gia s ty le dan c mac benh A trong vung la 10%. Chon ngau nhien 1 nhom 400 ngi.

a) Viet cong thc tnh xac suat e trong nhom co nhieu nhat 50 ngi mac benh A.
b) Tnh xap x xac suat o bang phan phoi chuan.
ap so : a) 0.9564 .
b) 0.9525 .
Bai 13. Mot nha xa hoi hoc cho rang 12% so dan cua thanh pho a thch mot bo phim A mi
chieu tren tivi. e khang nh d oan nay, ong ta chon mot mau ngau nhien gom 500 ngi e
hoi y kien va thay 75 ngi tra li a thch bo phim o. Tnh xac suat e trong mot mau ngau
nhien gom 500 ngi, so ngi a thch bo phim t nhat la 75 neu gia thuyet p = 12% la ung.
ap so : a) 0.0233 .
b) 0.9525 .
Bai 14. Cho X va Y la hai ai lng ngau nhien oc lap.

a) Gia s X B (1; 15 ) ; Y B ( 2; 15 ) . Lap bang phan phoi xac suat cua X + Y va kiem tra
rang ( X + Y ) B ( 3; 15 ) .

b) Gia s X B (1; 12 ) ; Y B ( 2; 15 ) . Tm phan bo xac suat cua X + Y. Chng minh rang X +

Y khong co phan bo nh thc.
X+Y

0
64
125

1
48
125

2
12
125

0
16
P
50
Bai 15. Xac suat e mot con ga e trong ngay la 0,6. Nuoi 5 con.

1
24
50

2
9
50

P
Z

ap so : a)
3
1
125
b)
3
1
50

1) Tnh xac suat e trong mot ngay :

a) khong con nao e,
b) ca 5 con e,
c) co t nhat 1 con e,
d) co t nhat 2 con e.
2) Neu muon moi ngay co trung bnh 100 trng th phai nuoi bao nhieu con ga.
ap so : 1) a) 0.01024 , b) 0.07776 , c) 0.98976 , d) 0.91296 .
2) 167 con.
Bai 16. San pham sau khi hoan tat c ong thanh kien, moi kien gom 10 san pham vi ty le
th pham la 20%. Trc khi mua hang, khach hang muon kiem tra bang cach t moi kien chon
ngau nhien 3 san pham.

a) Tm luat phan phoi xac suat cua so san pham tot trong 3 san pham lay ra.

49

b) Neu ca 3 san pham c lay ra eu la san pham tot th khach hang se ong y mua kien
hang o. Tnh xac suat e khi kiem tra 100 kien co t nhat 60 kien c mua.
ap so : a) Goi X la so san pham tot trong 3 san pham lay ra, X H (10; 8; 3) ,
X
P

0
0

1
0.066

2
0.467

3
0.467
b) 0.0038 .
Bai 17. Xac suat trung so la 1%. Moi tuan mua mot ve so. Hoi phai mua ve so lien tiep trong toi
thieu bao nhieu tuan e co khong t hn 95% hy vong trung so t nhat 1 lan.
( cho lg 99 = 1, 9956; lg 5 = 0, 6990)
ap so : 296 tuan.
Bai 18. Bu ien dung mot may t ong oc a ch tren b th e phan loai tng khu vc gi i,
may co kha nang oc c 5000 b th trong 1 phut. Kha nang oc sai 1 a ch tren b th la
0,04% (xem nh viec oc 5000 b th nay la 5000 phep th oc lap).

a) Tnh so b th trung bnh moi phut may oc sai.

b) Tnh so b th tin chac nhat trong moi phut may oc sai.
c) Tnh xac suat e trong mot phut may oc sai t nhat 3 b th.
ap so : a) 2.
b) 2.
c) 0.3233 .
Bai 19. Xac suat e mot may san xuat ra mot phe pham la 0.001. Tnh xac suat e trong 4000
san pham do may nay san xuat ra co khong qua 5 phe pham.
ap so : 0.7851 .
Bai 20. Tai mot iem ban ve may bay, trung bnh trong 10 phut co 4 ngi en mua ve. Tnh
xac suat e:

a) Trong 10 phut co 7 ngi en mua ve.

b) Trong 10 phut co khong qua 3 ngi en mua ve.
ap so : a) 0.0596 .
b) 0.4335 .
Bai 21. Lai suat (%) au t vao mot d an nam 2000 c coi nh 1 ai lng ngau nhien phan
phoi theo quy luat chuan. Theo anh gia cua uy ban au t th lai suat cao hn 20% co xac suat
0,1587, va lai suat cao hn 25% co xac suat la 0,0228. Vay kha nang au t ma khong b thua lo
la bao nhieu?.
ap so : 0.5 .
Bai 22. o dai cua mot chi tiet may c tien ra co phan phoi chuan N( cm ; (0, 2cm)2 ) . San

pham coi la at neu o dai sai lech so vi o dai trung bnh khong qua 0,3cm.
a) Tnh xac suat chon ngau nhien 1 san pham th c san pham yeu cau.
b) Chon ngau nhien 3 san pham. Tnh xac suat co t nhat 2 san pham at yeu cau .
ap so : a) 0.8664 .
b) 0.9512 .
Bai 23. Trong lng cua 1 loai trai cay co quy luat phan phoi chuan vi trong lng trung bnh
la 250g, o lech chuan ve trong lng la 5g. Mot ngi lay 1 trai t trong sot trai cay ra.

a) Tnh xac suat ngi nay lay c trai loai 1 (trai loai 1 la trai co trong lng > 260g).

50

b) Neu lay c trai loai 1 th ngi nay se mua sot o. Ngi nay kiem tra 100 sot, tnh
xac suat mua c 6 sot.
ap so : a) 0.1587 .
b) 0.0029 .
Bai 24. Mot cong ty kinh doanh mat hang A d nh se ap dung mot trong 2 phng an kinh
doanh. Ky hieu X1 la li nhuan thu c khi ap dung phng an th 1, X 2 la li nhuan thu

c khi ap dung phng an th 2. X1 , X 2 eu c tnh theo n v trieu ong/ thang) va

X 1 N (140, 2500 ) , X 2 N ( 200, 3600 ) . Neu biet rang, e cong ty ton tai va phat trien th li
nhuan thu c t mat hang kinh doanh A phai at t nhat 80 trieu ong/thang. Hay cho biet
cong ty nen ap dung phng an nao e kinh doanh mat hang A? V sao?.
ap so : P ( X 1 80 ) = 0.8849 , P ( X 2 80 ) = 0.9772 , nen ta chon phng an th 2.

Bai 25. Co hai th trng A va B, lai suat cua co phieu tren hai th trng nay la cac bien ngau nhien
phan phoi chuan, oc lap vi nhau, co ky vong va phng sai c cho trong bang di ay:

Th trng A
Th trng B

Trung bnh
19%
22%

Phng sai
36
100

Neu muc ch la at lai suat toi thieu bang 10% th nen au t vao loai co phieu nao?
ap so : Nen au t vao loai co phieu tren th trng A.
Bai 26. Nghien cu chieu cao cua nhng ngi trng thanh, ngi ta nhan thay rang chieu cao
o tuan theo quy luat phan bo chuan vi trung bnh la 175cm va o lech tieu chuan 4cm. Hay
xac nh :

a) ty le ngi trng thanh co tam voc tren 180cm,

b) ty le ngi trng thanh co chieu cao t 166cm en 177cm,
c) Tm h0 , neu biet rang 33% ngi trng thanh co tam voc di mc h0 ,
d) gii han bien ong chieu cao cua 90% ngi trng thanh xung quanh gia tr trung bnh
cua no.
ap so : a) 0.1056 .
b) 0.6793 .
c) 173.24 .
d) 6.6 .
Bai 27. Chieu dai cua chi tiet c gia cong tren may t ong la bien ngau nhien tuan theo quy
luat phan phoi chuan vi o lech tieu chuan la 0.01mm. Chi tiet c coi la at tieu chuan neu
kch thc thc te cua no sai lech so vi kch thc trung bnh khong vt qua 0.02mm.

a) Tm ty le chi tiet khong at tieu chuan.

b) Xac nh o ong eu (phng sai) can thiet cua san pham e ty le chi tiet khong at
tieu chuan ch con 1%.
ap so : a) 0.9544 .
b) 0.032 .
Bai 28. Trong lng X cua mot loai trai cay nong trng c biet co ky vong 250gr va

phng sai 81 ( gr ) . Trai cay c ong thanh sot, moi sot 100 trai. Moi sot c goi la loai A
2

neu trong lng khong di 25kg. Kiem tra ngau nhien 100 sot. Tnh xac suat :

51

a) co nhieu nhat 30 sot loai A,

b) t nhat 10 sot loai A.
ap so : a) 0.8413 .
b) 0.9987 .
Bai 29. Mot tram cho thue xe Taxi co 3 chiec xe. Hang ngay tram phai nop thue 8USD cho 1
chiec xe (bat ke xe o co c thue hay khong). Moi chiec c cho thue vi gia 20USD. Gia s
so xe c yeu cau cho thue cua tram trong 1 ngay la ai lng ngau nhien co phan phoi Poisson
vi = 2, 8 .

a) Tnh so tien trung bnh tram thu c trong mot ngay.

b) Giai bai toan tren trong trng hp tram co 4 chiec xe.
c) Theo ban, tram nen co 3 hay 4 chiec xe ?

52

Chng 4

MAU THONG KE & C LNG THAM SO

A. BAI TAP MAU
Bai 1. o lng cholesterol (n v mg%) cho mot so ngi, ta c
X(mg%)

150-160 160-170 170-180 180-190 190-200 200-210

So ngi

a) Tnh trung bnh mau X va o lech chuan SX .

b) Mot mau th nh Y co 30 ngi cho Y = 180 mg% , S Y = 16 mg% .

Nhap hai mau lai, tnh trung bnh va o lech chuan cua mau nhap.
Giai

a) Tnh trung bnh mau X va o lech chuan SX .

X(mg%)

155

165

175

185

195

205

So ngi

X = X = 181.25 , SX = 14.98 , n = 24 .
b) Mot mau th nh Y co 30 ngi cho Y = 180mg% , S Y = 16mg% . Nhap hai mau lai va
goi Z la mau nhap. Ta co c mau nhap la N = 24 + 30 = 54 ngi va trung bnh cua mau nhap la
Z =

24 X + 30 Y 24 181.25 + 30 180
=
= 180.55 .
54
54

e tnh o lech chuan mau nhap, ta dung cong thc

( Z NZ ) ,
= 180.55 va Z = X + Y
S2Z =

trong o Z = Z

1
N 1

Mat khac, t mau cua X, ta co

= 793598, 71 .

Vi mau Y, do

S2Y =

1
nY 1

( Y

nY Y2 ,

ta suy ra

= ( n Y 1) S2Y + n Y Y 2 = 29 (16 ) + 30 (180 ) = 979424 .

2

Do o
S2Z =

1
2
(793598, 71 + 979424 ) 54 (180.55) = 239.89 ,
53

nen SZ = 15, 48 mg% .

53

Bai 2. Co 3 mau quan sat sc nang con ngi, ket qua ghi nhan

Lan quan sat

Trung bnh

o lech

Mau 1

70

55kg

8.30kg

Mau 2

75

57kg

8.60kg

Mau 3

90

54kg

8.50kg

Nhap chung 3 mau lai, tnh trung bnh va o lech mau nhap.
Da vao mau nhap e c lng trung bnh cua tong the o tin cay 95% va 99%.
Giai

Goi X 1 , X 2 va X 3 lan lt la bien so ngau nhien cho bi cac mau 1, 2 va 3. Ta co

Mau 1 co c mau n1 = 70 , trung bnh X 1 = 55 , o lech SX1 = 8.3 ,
Mau 2 co c mau n2 = 75 , trung bnh X 2 = 57 , o lech SX 2 = 8.6 ,
Mau 3 co c mau n3 = 90 , trung bnh X 3 = 54 , o lech SX 3 = 8.5 .
T o, vi X ch mau nhap, ta co c mau n = n1 + n 2 + n 3 = 235 , trung bnh

1
1
X=
X1 +
X2 +
X3
n
n
1
=
n1 X 1 + n 2 X 2 + n 3 X 3
n
70 55 + 75 57 + 90 54
=
= 55.25.
235

X=

e tnh o lech cho X, ta dung cong thc

S2X =

1
n 1

( X

nX 2 ,

trong o

X = X + X + X
2

2
1

2
2

2
3

Ma

2
i

= ( n i 1) S2X i + n i X 2i ,

vi i = 1, 2, 3 , nen ta co

X
X
X

2
1

= 69 (8.3)2 + 70 552 = 216503.41 ,

2
2

= 74 (8.6)2 + 75 572 = 249148.04 ,

2
3

= 89 (8.5)2 + 90 54 2 = 268870.25 .

T o suy ra
S

2
X

( 216503.41 + 249148.04 + 268870.25) 235 ( 55.25)

=
= 73.37.

234

o lech : SX = 8.56 kg .

54

Goi la trung bnh tong the can c lng. Ta co

T=

( X )

SX

St(n 1) ,

ngha la
T=

( 55.25 )

235

8.56

St(234) N ( 0;1) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta c C = 1.96 , va = 55.25 1.96

lng cho la [54.364; 56.136]

8.56
. Nen ta co khoang c
235

Vi o tin cay = 0.99 , ta tm c C = 2.58 , va = 55.25 2.58

khoang c lng cho la [53.81; 56.69] .

8.56
, nen ta tm c
235

Bai 3. o ng knh cua mot chi tiet may do mot may tien t ong san xuat, ta ghi nhan c
so lieu nh sau:

X 12.00 12.05 12.10 12.15 12.20 12.25 12.30 12.35 12.40

N

10

vi N ch so trng hp tnh theo tng gia tr cua X (mm).

a) Tnh trung bnh mau X va o lech chuan SX cua mau.
b) c lng ng knh trung bnh o tin cay 0.95.
c) Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua = 0.02mm o tin cay 0.95 th phai quan sat t nhat
may trng hp.
Giai

a) Ta c c mau n = 53 , trung bnh X = 12.21 , o lech SX = 0.103 .

b) Ta dung thong ke
T=

( X )

SX

St ( n 1) .

Vi so lieu mau, ta co
T=

(12.21 )
0.103

53

St ( 52 ) N ( 0;1) .

o tin cay = 0.95 , ta tm c C = 1.96 . Do o c lng ng knh trung bnh cho

bi

= XC

SX

= 12.21 1.96

0.103
53

va ta nhan c khoang c lng [12.18;12.24] .

c) Do sai so cua c lng la C

SX
n

nen neu muon sai so c lng khong qua = 0.02mm ,

ta phai co
55

SX

Vi o tin cay 0.95, th C = 1.96 va ta nhan c bat phng trnh

2

0.103
S

n C X = 1.96
= 101.89 .
0.02

Vay phai quan sat t nhat 102 trng hp.
Bai 4. em can mot so trai cay va thu hoach, ta c ket qua sau

X (gam)

200-210

So trai

210-220

12

220-230

17

20

230-240
18

240-250
15

a) Tm khoang c lng cua trong lng trung bnh cua trai cay vi o tin cay 0.95 va 0.99
b) Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua = 2gam o tin cay 99% th phai quan sat t nhat
bao nhieu trai ?
c) Trai cay co khoi lng X 230gam c xep vao loai A. Hay tm khoang c lng cho ty le
p cua trai cay loai A o tin cay 0.95 va 0.99. Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua 0.04 o
tin cay 0.99 th phai quan sat t nhat may trng hp ?
Giai

a) T so lieu cua mau, ta co

n = 82 , X = 225.854 , SX = 13.259 .
e tm khoang c lng cua trung bnh tong the khi cha biet phng sai tong the, ta
dung thong ke
T=

( X )

SX

St ( n 1) .

Nhan c t bo so lieu cua mau, ta co

T=

( 225.854 )

82

13.259

St ( 81) N ( 0;1) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta nhan c C = 1.96 . Nen c lng cua trong lng trung bnh
cho bi
= XC

SX
n

= 225.854 1.96

13.259
82

Ta co khoang c lng la [ 222.98; 228.72] .

Tng t, vi o tin cay = 0.99 , ta tm c C = 2.58 . T o ta suy ra khoang c lng
la [ 222.08; 229.63] .
b) Do sai so cua c lng la C

SX
n

nen neu muon sai so c lng khong qua = 2 gam, ta

phai co
C

SX
n

o tin cay 99% th C = 2.58 , ta co bat phng trnh

56

13.259
S

n C X = 2.58
= 292.551 .
2

Nh vay, can phai quan sat t nhat 293 trai.
c) T bo so lieu, ta co tan so trai cay loai A la
f =

18 + 15
= 0.4024 .
82

e c lng ty le p trai cay loai A cua tong the, ta dung thong ke

T=

( f p)

f (1 f )

St(n 1) ,

ngha la
T=

( 0.4024 p )

82

0.4024 0.5976

St(81) N(0;1) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta tm c C = 1.96 va do o

0.4024 0.5976
.
82

p = 0.4024 1.96

Ta c khoang c lng cho ty le p cua trai cay loai A

[0.296; 0.509] .
Ta co sai so cua c lng la
=C

f (1 f )
.
n

Vi o tin cay = 0.99 , ta c C = 2.58 nen vi d lieu cho, e sai so c lng khong
qua = 0.04 o tin cay 0.99, ta nhan c bat phng trnh
2.58

0.4024 0.5976
0.04 .
n

T o suy ra n 1000.43 , ngha la phai quan sat t nhat 1001 trng hp.
Bai 5. Ngi ta o ion Na + tren mot so ngi va ghi nhan lai c ket qua nh sau

129, 132, 140, 141, 138, 143, 133, 137, 140, 143, 138, 140
a) Tnh trung bnh mau X va phng sai mau S2X .
b) c lng trung bnh va phng sai 2 cua tong the o tin cay 0.95.
c) Neu muon sai so c lng trung bnh khong qua = 1 vi o tin cay 0.95 th phai quan sat
mau gom t nhat may ngi ?
Giai

a) T cac so lieu nhan c cua mau, ta co

n = 12 , X = 137.83 , S2X = 19.42 , va SX = 4.41 .
b) e c lng trung bnh , ta dung thong ke
T=

( X )
SX

St ( n 1) ,
57

ngha la
T=

(137.83 )

12

St (11) .

4.41

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta co C = t11

0.05 = 2.201 . Ta de dang tm c khoang c lng cho

trung bnh la [135.01;140.63] .

e c lng phng sai tong the khi cha biet trung bnh cua tong the, ta dung thong ke
Y=

(n 1)S2X
2 (n 1) ,
2

ngha la
Y=

11 (19.42 )

2 (11) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta tm c a va b sao cho

P ( Y a ) = P ( Y b) =

1
.
2

T bang phan phoi xac suat cua phan phoi Chi-Bnh phng, ta tm c
a 21 + = 3.816 , va b 21 = 21.92 .
2

Do o
3.816

(n 1)S2X
21.92 ,
2

va ta nhan c bat ang thc

11 (19.42 )
21.92

11 (19.42 )
3.816

T o suy ra c lng cho phng sai tong the la [ 9.76; 56.1] .

SX

c) Sai so cua c lng trung bnh cho bi C

, nen e sai so nay khong qua = 1 , ta giai

bat phng trnh

C

SX
n

= 1.

Suy ra
2

4.41
S

n C X = 2.201
= 94.2 .
1

Vay phai quan sat t nhat 95 ngi.
Bai 6. Quan sat tuoi tho X (gi) cua mot so bong en do x nghiep A san xuat, ta ghi nhan

X
N

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

10

14

16

17

18

vi N ch so trng hp theo tng gia tr cua X.

a) Tnh trung bnh mau X va o lech chuan mau SX .
58

16

16

12

b) c lng tuoi tho trung bnh cua bong en o tin cay 0.95.
c) Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua = 30 gi vi o tin cay 0.99 th phai quan sat mau
gom t nhat may bong en ?
Giai

a) T bang so lieu cua mau, ta co

n = 128 , X = 1391.41 va SX = 234.45 .
b) e c lng trung bnh tuoi tho cua bong en, ta dung thong ke

( X )

T=

SX

St ( n 1) .

Da theo bo so lieu cua thong ke, ta nhan c

T=

(1391.41 )

128

234.45

St (127 ) N ( 0;1) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta tm c C = 1.96 va do o c lng cua trung bnh cho bi

= XC

SX
n

= 1391.41 1.96

234.45
128

Ta c khoang c lng cho tuoi tho trung bnh cua bong en la [1350.79;1432.03] .
c) Sai so cua c lng cho bi C
C

SX
n

= 1.96

234.45
n

SX
n

, nen e sai so khong qua 30 gi, ta co

30 ,

Giai bat phng trnh tren, ta tm c n = 234.63 . Vay, phai quan sat t nhat 235 bong
en.
Bai 7. Ta muon c lng ty le vien thuoc b sc me p trong mot lo thuoc ln.

a) Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua 0.01 vi o tin cay 0.95 th phai quan sat t nhat may
vien ?
b) Quan sat ngau nhien 200 vien, thay co 18 vien b st me. Hay c lng p o tin cay 0.95.
Khi o, neu muon sai so c lng khong qua 0.01 vi o tin cay 0.95 th phai quan sat t nhat
may vien ?
Giai

a) e c lng ty le thuoc, p, b st me trong tong the, ta dung thong ke

T=

(f p)

f (1 f )

St(n 1) ,

ngha la
p = f C

f (1 f )
n

Hn na, t nhan xet rang ham so y = x (1 x ) at gia tr ln nhat la

co the viet

59

1
4

tai iem x =

1
2

, ta

C 2 f (1 f )

1
4

C2
C2
=
.
2
4 2

Do o, ta co the chon c mau

n

C2
.
4 2

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta tm c C = 1.96 va do o

2

C2
1.96
n 2 =
= 9604 .
4
2 0.01
Vay phai quan sat t nhat 9604 vien thuoc.
b) Theo gia thuyet, ta co tan so cua thuoc b st me la f =
= 0.95 , ta co
p = f C

18
= 0.09 . Vi o tin cay
200

f (1 f )
0.09 0.91)
= 0.09 1.96
.
n
200

Va ta co khoang c lng p vi o tin cay 0.95 la [ 0.051; 0.13]

Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua 0.01 , ta co bat phng trnh C
n (1.96 )

0.09(1 0.09)

( 0.01)

f (1 f )
. Suy ra
n

= 3146.27 .

Vay phai quan sat t nhat 3147 vien thuoc.

Bai 8. Quan sat chieu cao X (cm) cua mot so ngi, ta ghi nhan

X(cm)

140-145 145-150 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170

So ngi

a) Tnh X va S2X .
b) c lng va 2 o tin cay 0.95.
Giai

a) Ta co bang tan so xuat hien so lieu nh sau

X(cm)

142.5 147.5 152.5 157.5 162.5 167.5

So ngi

Do o, ta nhan c
n = 27 , X = 156.2 , S2X = 37.68 , va SX = 6.14 .
b) e c lng trung bnh , ta dung thong ke
T=

( X )
SX

St ( n 1) ,

ngha la

60

T=

(156.2 )

27

6.14

St ( 26 ) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta co C = t 26

0.05 = 2.056 . Va do o c lng cua trung bnh cho bi
= XC

SX
n

= 156.2 2.056

6.14
27

Ta tm c khoang c lng cho trung bnh la [153.77;158.63] .

e c lng phng sai tong the khi cha biet trung bnh cua tong the, ta dung thong ke
Y=

(n 1)S2X
2 (n 1) ,
2

Y=

26 (37.68)
2 ( 26 ) .
2

ngha la

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta tm c a va b sao cho

P ( Y a ) = P ( Y b) =

1
.
2

T bang phan phoi xac suat cua phan phoi Chi-Bnh phng, ta tm c
a 21+ = 13.844 , va b 21 = 41.923 .
2

Do o
3.816

(n 1)S2X
21.925 ,
2

va ta nhan c bat ang thc

26 (37.68)
26 (37.68)
2
.
41.923
13.844
T o suy ra c lng cho phng sai tong the la [ 23.38; 70.80] .
Bai 9. Mot loai thuoc mi em ieu tr cho 50 ngi b benh B, ket qua co 40 ngi khoi benh.

a) c lng ty le khoi benh p neu dung thuoc o ieu tr vi o tin cay 0.95 va 0.99.
b) Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua 0.02 o tin cay 0.95 th phai quan sat t nhat may
trng hp ?
Giai

a) Theo gia thuyet, ta co tan so khoi benh la f =

40
= 0.8 .
50

e c lng ty le khoi benh p cua tong the, ta dung thong ke

T=

( f p)

f (1 f )

St(n 1) ,

ngha la
T=

( 0.8 p )

50

0.8 0.2

St(49) N(0;1) .

61

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta tm c C = 1.96 va do o

0.8 0.2
.
50

p = 0.8 1.96

Ta c khoang c lng cho ty le khoi benh p la [ 0.69; 0.91] .

Vi o tin cay = 0.99 , ta tm c C = 2.58 . Tng t, ta co khoang c lng cho ty le
khoi benh vi o tin cay 99% la [ 0.65; 0.946] .
b) Ta co sai so cua c lng la
=C

f (1 f )
.
n

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , ta c C = 1.96 nen vi d lieu cho, e sai so c lng khong qua
= 0.02 , ta nhan c bat phng trnh
1.96

0.8 0.2
0.02 .
n

T o suy ra n 1536.64 , ngha la phai quan sat t nhat 1537 trng hp.
Bai 10. Mot loai benh co ty le t vong la 0.01. Muon chng to mot loai thuoc co hieu nghiem
(ngha la ha thap c ty le t vong nho hn 0.005) o tin cay 0.95 th phai th thuoc o tren
t nhat bao nhieu ngi?
Giai

Theo gia thuyet, tan so t vong la f = 0.01 .

e c lng ty le khoi benh p cua tong the, ta dung thong ke
T=

(f p)

f (1 f )

St(n 1) ,

ngha la
T=

( 0.01 p )

0.01 0.99

St(n 1) .
f (1 f )
.
n

Va ta co sai so cua c lng nay la = C

Vi = 0.005 , o tin cay = 0.95 , ta c C = 1.96 . e ha thap o t vong nho hn 0.005,

ta giai bat phong trnh C
n (1.96 )

f (1 f )
. Suy ra
n
0.01(1 0.01)

( 0.005)

= 1521.27 .

Vay phai th thuoc t nhat 1522 ngi.

62

B. BAI TAP
Bai 1. o lng huyet tng cua 8 ngi manh khoe, ta co

2,86
3,37
2,75
Hay xac nh cac ac trng mau.

2,62

3,50

3,25

3,12

3,15

ap so : n = 8 , X = 3.0775 va S2X = 0.096 .

Bai 2. Quan sat thi gian can thiet e san xuat mot chi tiet may, ta thu c so lieu cho bang
sau :

Khoang thi gian (phut)

So lan quan sat
2
20-25
14
25-30
26
30-35
32
35-40
14
40-45
8
45-50
4
50-55
2
Tnh trung bnh mau X, phng sai mau co hieu chnh SX .
ap so : n = 100 , X = 36.6 va S2X = 45.14 .
Bai 3. o o dai cua mot loai truc xe, ta co ket qua

Nhom 18,4-18,6 18,6-18,8 18,8 -19 19 -19,2 19.2-19.4 19,4-19,6 19,6-19,8

1
4
20
41
19
8
4
ni
Hay c lng o dai trung bnh va phng sai.
ap so : n = 97 , X = 19.133 va S2X = 0.054 .
Bai 4. o sc ben chu lc cua mot loai ong th nghiem, ngi ta thu c bo so lieu sau

4500
6500
5200
4800
4900
5125
6200
5375
T kinh nghiem nghe nghiep, ngi ta cung biet rang sc ben o co phan phoi chuan vi
o lech chuan = 300 . Hay xay dng khoang tin cay 90% cho sc ben trung bnh cua loai ong
tren.
ap so : [5151; 5499] .
Bai 5. Trc bau c, ngi ta phong van ngau nhien 2000 c tri th thay co 1380 ngi ung ho
mot ng c vien K. Vi o tin cay 95%, hoi ng c vien o thu c toi thieu bao nhieu phan
tram phieu bau ?
ap so : 66.97% .
Bai 6. Gia s quan sat 100 ngi thay co 20 ngi b benh sot xuat huyet. Hay c lng ty le
benh sot xuat huyet o tin cay = 97% . Neu muon sai so c lng khong qua 3% o tin cay

95% th phai quan sat t nhat bao nhieu ngi ?

ap so : 683 .
Bai 7. e c lng xac suat mac benh gan vi o tin cay 90% va sai so khong vt qua 2% th
can phai kham t nhat bao nhieu ngi, biet rang ty le mac benh gan thc nghiem a cho bang
0,9.
ap so : 606 .

63

Bai 8. Muon biet trong ao co bao nhieu ca, ngi ta bat len 2000 con, anh dau xong lai tha
xuong ho. Sau mot thi gian, ngi ta bat len 500 con va thay co 20 con ca co anh dau cua lan
bat trc. Da vao ket qua o, Hay c lng so ca co trong ho vi o tin cay 95%.
ap so : So ca trong ho trong khoang [ 34965; 87719] .
Bai 9. e co the d oan c so lng chim thng ngh tai vn nha mnh, ngi chu bat 89
con, em eo khoen cho chung roi tha i. Sau mot thi gian, ong bat ngau nhien c 120 con va
thay co 7 con co eo khoen. Hay d oan so chim giup ong chu vn o tin cay 99%.
ap so : So chim trong khoang [784; 28400] .
Bai 10. Tren tap mau gom 100 so lieu, ngi ta tnh c X = 0,1; n 1 = 0, 014 . Xac nh

khoang tin cay 95% cho gia tr trung bnh that.

ap so : [ 0.0973; 0.103] .
Bai 11. San lng moi ngay cua mot phan xng la bien ngau nhien tuan theo luat chuan. Ket
qua thong ke cua 9 ngay cho ta :

27 26 21 28 25 30 26 23 26
Hay xac nh cac khoang tin cay 95% cho san lng trung bnh va cho phng sai tng
ng.
ap so : [ 23.755; 27.81] , 2 [ 3.17; 25.48] .
Bai 12. Can th 100 qua cam, ta co bo so lieu sau :

Khoi lng (g)

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
So qua
2
3
15 26 28
6
8
8
a) Hay c lng khoi lng trung bnh cac qua cam o tin cay 95%.

40
4

b) Cam co khoi lng di 34g c coi la cam loai 2. Tm c lng khong chech cho ty le
loai 2 vi khoang tin cay 90%.
ap so : a) [ 35.539; 36.241] .
b) p [ 0.0143; 0.0857] .
Bai 13. Chieu dai cua mot loai san pham c xuat khau hang loat la bien ngau nhien phan
phoi chuan vi = 100mm va 2 = 4 2 mm 2 . Kiem tra ngau nhien 25 san pham. Kha nang chieu

dai trung bnh cua so san pham kiem tra nam trong khoang t 98mm en 101mm la bao nhieu.
ap so : 88.82% .
Bai 14. Chon ngau nhien 36 cong nhan cua x nghiep th thay lng trung bnh la 380 ngan
/thang. Gia s lng cong nhan tuan theo phan phoi chuan vi = 14 ngan ong. Vi o tin
cay = 95% , hay c lng mc lng trung bnh cua cong nhan trong toan x nghiep.
ap so : [ 375.427; 384.573] .
Bai 15. iem trung bnh mon toan cua 100 th sinh d thi vao KKT la 5 vi o lech chuan la
2.5 .

a) c lng iem trung bnh mon toan cua toan the th sinh vi o tin cay la 95%.
b) Vi sai so c lng iem trung bnh cau a) la 0.25 iem, hay xac nh o tin cay.
ap so : a) [ 4.51; 5.49] .
b) 68.26% .
Bai 16. Tuoi tho cua mot loai bong en c biet theo quy luat chuan vi o lech chuan 100 gi.

64

a) Chon ngau nhien 100 bong en e th nghiem, thay moi bong tuoi tho trung bnh la
1000 gi. Hay c lng tuoi tho trung bnh cua bong en x nghiep A san xuat vi o tin cay la
95%.
b) Vi o chnh xac cua c lng tuoi tho trung bnh la 15 gi, hay xac nh o tin cay.
c) e o chnh xac cua c lng tuoi tho trung bnh khong qua 25 gi vi o tin cay la
95% th can phai th nghiem t nhat bao nhieu bong.
ap so : a) [ 980.4;1019.6] .
b) 86.64% .
c) 62 .
Bai 17. Khoi lng cac bao bot m tai mot ca hang lng thc tuan theo phan phoi chuan.
Kiem tra 20 bao, thay khoi lng trung bnh cua moi bao bot m la 48kg, va phng sai mau co
2

hieu chnh la S2X = ( 0.5kg ) .

a) Vi o tin cay 95% hay c lng khoi lng trung bnh cua mot bao bot m thuoc ca
hang.
b) Vi o chnh xac cua c lng cau a) la 0.26kg, hay xac nh o tin cay.
c) e o chnh xac cua c lng cau a) khong qua 160g vi o tin cay la 95%, can phai
kiem tra t nhat bao nhieu bao?
ap so : a) [ 47.766; 48.234 ] .
b) 97% .
c) 43 .
Bai 18. e c lng ty le san pham xau cua mot kho o hop, ngi ta kiem tra ngau nhien 100
hop thay co 11 hop xau.

a) c lng ty le san pham xau cua kho o hop vi o tin cay 94%.
b) Vi sai so cho phep cua sai so c lng = 3% , hay xac nh o tin cay.
ap so : a) p [ 0.051; 0.169] .
b) 66.3% .
Bai 19. Lo trai cay cua mot chu ca hang c ong thanh sot moi sot 100 trai. Kiem tra 50 sot
thay co 450 trai khong at tieu chuan.

a) c lng ty le trai cay khong at tieu chuan cua lo hang vi o tin cay 95%.
b) Muon c lng ty le trai cay khong at tieu chuan vi o chnh xac 0.5%, o tin cay at
c la bao nhieu.
c) Muon c lng ty le trai cay khong at tieu chuan vi o tin cay 99,7% th o chnh xac
at c la bao nhieu?
d) Muon c lng ty le trai cay khong at tieu chuan vi o tin cay 99% va o chnh xac
khong qua 1% th can phai kiem tra t nhat bao nhieu sot.
ap so : a) p [ 0.082; 0.098] .
b) 78.5% , c) 1.24% .
d) 55 .
Bai 20. ieu tra nang suat lua tren dien tch 100 hec ta trong lua cua mot vung, ta thu c
bang so lieu sau :

Nang suat (ta/ha)

So ha co nang suat tng ng

41
10
65

44
20

45
30

46
15

48
10

52
10

54
5

a) Hay c lng nang suat lua trung bnh cua vung o vi o tin cay 95%?
b) Nhng tha ruong co nang suat t 48ta/ha tr len c xem la nhng tha co nang suat
cao. Hay c lng t le dien tch co nang suat cao trong vung vi o tin cay 97%.
ap so : a) [ 45.353; 46.647] .
b) p [ 0.156; 0.344 ] .
Bai 21. o ng knh cua 100 chi tiet do mot may san suat ket qua cho bang sau :

ng knh(mm)
So chi tiet
19,80 19,85
3
19,85 19,90
5
19,90 19,95
16
19,95 20,00
28
20,00 20,05
23
20,05 20,10
14
20,10 20,15
7
20,15 20,20
4
Quy nh nhng chi tiet co ng knh 19,9mm en 20,1mm la nhng chi tiet at tieu
chuan.
a) c lng ty le chi tiet at tieu chuan vi o tin cay 95%.
b) c lng ng knh trung bnh cua nhng chi tiet at tieu chuan vi o tin cay 95%.
ap so : a) p [ 0.733; 0.887] .
b) [19.986; 20.008] .
Bai 22. Kch thc cua mot chi tiet may la mot ai lng ngau nhien co phan phoi chuan. Trong
mot mau gom 30 chi tiet may c kiem tra, ta tnh c X = 0.47cm va SX = 0.032 cm. Tm

khoang tin cay cho phng sai va trung bnh cua kch thc cua toan bo cac chi tiet may vi o
tin cay 95%.
ap so : [ 0.482; 0.458] , 2 [ 0.00065; 0.00185] .
Bai 23. Lay 28 mau xi mang cua mot nha may san suat xi mang e kiem tra. Ket qua kiem tra
ve sc chu lc R (kg/cm2) nh sau:

10.0
13.0
13.5
13.0
Vi o tin cay 95% hay c

13.0
10.0
10.0
13.7
lng:

13.7
11.0
10.0
13.0

11.5
13.5
11.5
11.5

11.0
11.5
13.0
10.0

13.5
13.0
13.7
11.0

12.2
12.2
14.0
13.0

a) Sc chu lc trung bnh cua xi mang do nha may san suat,

b) Phng sai cua sc chu lc.
ap so : a) [11.62;12.67] .
b) 2 [1.156; 3.427] .

66

Chng 5

KIEM NH GIA THUYET

A. BAI TAP MAU
Bai 1. Co mot lo hang ma ngi giao hang cho biet ty le hong 0.10; th pham 0.30; at 0.40; tot
0.20. Ta kiem tra mot so trng hp thay co 25 san pham hong; 50 th pham; 50 san pham at;
25 san pham tot. Hoi rang li ngi giao hang noi co ung khong ? ( ket luan vi = 5% )
Giai

Ta co bai toan kiem nh

H : Ngi giao hang noi ung

H : Ngi giao hang noi khong ung

Ta co bang phan phoi tan so quan sat
a)

Hong
Th pham
at
tot
25
50
50
25
Neu H ung, th tren tong so 150 san pham kiem tra, ta c bang tan so ly thuyet
Hong
0.1 150 = 15

Th pham
0.3 150 = 45

at
0.4 150 = 60

tot
0.2 150 = 30

va khi o
Q=

( Ni Ni )

i =1

Ni

(1)

2 (3)

vi Ni la so lieu quan sat va Ni la so lieu ly thuyet.

b) Vi nguy c sai lam = 0.05, ta c C = 20.05 (3) = 7.815
c) The cac so lieu quan sat va ly thuyet vao bieu thc (1), ta nhan c Q = 9.7222 .
d) Ta co Q = 9.7222 > C = 7.815 . Do o, ta t choi H, ngha la ngi giao hang noi khong
ung.
Bai 2. o cholesterol ( n v mg%) cho mot nhom ngi, ta ghi nhan lai c

Chol.
So ngi

150 160 160 - 170 170 - 180 180 - 190 190 - 200 200 - 210
3

a) Tnh trung bnh X va phng sai S

11

2
X

b) Tm khoang c lng cho trung bnh cholesterol trong dan so X , o tin cay = 0.95
c) Co tai lieu cho biet lng cholesterol trung bnh la 0 = 175 mg%. Gia tr nay co phu hp vi

mau quan sat khong ? ( ket luan vi = 0.05 ).

Gii

a) e tnh trung bnh X va phng sai S2X , ta lap bang

67

Lp

Tan so

Xi

150-160
160-170
170-180
180-190
190-200
200-210
Tong cong

3
9
11
3
2
1
29

155
165
175
185
195
205

Yi =

X i 175
5

-4
-2
0
2
4
6

n i Yi

n i Yi2

-12
-18
0
6
8
6
-10

48
36
0
12
32
36
164

T o, suy ra
Y=
Do Y =

X 175
5

1
n

10

n Y = 29 = 0.3448 .
i

i =1

, ta suy ra X = 175 + 5Y = 173.276 .

Ngoai ra
1
S =

n 1
2
Y

i =1

164 29 ( 0.3448)
= 5.734 ,
n i Y nY =

28

2
i

do S2Y = ( 15 ) S2X , ta co
2

S2X = 252Y = 39.7971kg 2 ,

do o SX = 6.31kg . Ta co trung bnh mau

X=

1
29

n x
i

= 173.28 ,

i =1

va phng sai mau la

S2X =

28

n x
i

2
i

i =1

29X 2 = 143.35 .

b) e c lng trung bnh tong the khi cha biet phng sai tong the, ta dung thong ke
T=

( X )
SX

St ( n 1) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 , t bang phan phoi Student, ta tm c C = t 28

0.05 = 2.048 sao cho
P ( 2.048 T 2.048 ) = 0.95 ,
thay T =

( X )
SX

, ta c

X
P 2.048 T =

SX

2.048 = 0.95 .

Do o, ta tm c khoang c lng cho trung bnh tong the X la

SX
S

; X + 2.048 X = [168.73;177.83] .
X 2.048
n
n

68

c) e so sanh trung bnh tong the ma ta c lng vi 0 = 175 mg%, ta xet bai toan kiem
nh

H :

H :

Gia tr mau phu hp tai lieu

Gia tr mau khong phu hp tai lieu

Neu H ung, ngha la = 0 = 175 , th
T=

(X )
0

Sx

St(28) .

Vi = 0.05 , ta tm c C = t 28
0.05 = 2.048 . T so lieu cua mau, ta co
T=

(173.28 175)

29

11.97

= 0.774 .

V T C , nen ta chap nhan H, ngha la gia tr mau phu hp vi tai lieu.

Bai 3. Quan sat sc nang cua be trai (X) va be gai (Y) luc s sinh ( n v gam), ta co ket qua

Trong lng

3000-3200 3200-3400 3400-3600 3600-3800 3800-4000

So be trai

10

So be gai

10

10

a) Tnh X, Y, S2X , S2Y .

b) So sanh cac phng sai 2X , 2Y ( ket luan vi = 5%) .
c) So sanh cac trung bnh X , Y ( ket luan vi 5%) .
d) Nhap hai mau lai. Tnh trung bnh va o lech chuan cua mau nhap. Dung mau nhap e c
lng sc nang trung bnh cua tre s sinh o tin cay 95%.
Giai

Vi so lieu chon la iem gia va vi n1 la so be trai quan sat, n2 so be gai quan sat.
Trong lng

3100

3300

3500

3700

3900

n1
n2

10

10

10

13

18

15

Tong so
a) T so lieu cua mau, ta co
X = 3588 , Y = 3450 ,
S2X =
S2Y =

24
1

27

1i

2
x2i 24X = 40266.67 ,

2i

2
y 2i 24Y = 37407.41 .

n
i =1
5

n
i =1

b) Ta xet bai toan kiem nh

H : 2X = 2X

2
2
H : X < Y
Neu H ung th
69

T=

fX fY

pq ( n1 +

1
m

St ( n + m 2 ) St ( 24, 27 ) .

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 th C = f 0.05 = 1.89 .

Vi so lieu cau a) , ta co
S2X 40266.67
=
= 1.076 .
S2Y 37407.41

F=

V F C , nen ta chap nhan H, ngha la 2X = 2Y .

c) Ta co bai toan kiem nh

H : X = Y

H : X Y
Neu H ung th
T=

XY
St(n + m 2) = St(25 + 28 2) = St(51) N(0;1) ,
1 1
S
+
n m

trong o
S

n 1) S2X + ( m 1) S2Y
(
=
n+m2
= 38752.94

24 40266.67 + 27 37407.41
25 + 28 2

S = 196.86 ;

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 th C = Z0.475 = 1.96 .

Vi so lieu cau a), ta co
T=

XY
1 1
S
+
n m

3588 3450
1
1
196.86
+
25 28

= 2.581 .

V T > C , nen ta bac bo H, ngha la X Y .

d) Nhap hai mau lai. Goi Z la mau nhap. T bang so lieu, ta co

1
( 3100 3 + 3300 13 + 3500 18 + 3700 15 + 3900 4 )
53
= 3515.1,

Z=

S2XY = 42844.7 ,
SZ = 206.98 .
e tm khoang tin cay cho trung bnh mau nhap Z, ta dung thong ke
T=

(Z )
SZ

( 3515.1 )
206.98

53

St(52) N(0;1) .

Vi o tin cay = 0.95 th C = 1.96 , ta suy ra

Z = 3515.1 1.96

206.98
,
53
70

ngha la ta c khoang c lng trung bnh cua mau nhap [ 3459.38; 3570.82] .
Bai 4. Mot may ong goi cac san pham co khoi lng 1kg. Nghi ng may hoat ong khong bnh
thng, ngi ta chon ra mot mau ngau nhien gom 100 san pham th thay nh sau :

Khoi lng
0.95
0.97
0.99
1.01
So goi
9
31
40
15
Vi mc y ngha 0.05, hay ket luan ve nghi ng tren.

1.03
3

1.05
2

Giai

T so lieu cua mau, ta co

Trung bnh mau : X = 0.9856 ,
Phng sai mau : S2X = 0.000433 ,
o lech chuan mau : SX = 0.021 ,
C mau : n = 100 .
Xet gia thuyet H : may hoat ong bnh thng, ngha la ta co bai toan kiem nh
H : = 1

H : 1
Neu H ung th
T=

(X )
0

SX

St(99) N(0;1) .

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , ta co C = 1.96 . Vi so lieu tren, ta c

T=

( 0.9856 1)
0.021

100

= 6.86 .

V T > C , nen ta bac bo H, ngha la may hoat ong khong bnh thng
Bai 5. Quan sat so hoa hong ban ra trong mot ngay cua mot ca hang ban hoa sau mot thi
gian, ngi ta ghi c so lieu sau :

So hoa hong ( oa )
So ngay

12

13

15

16

17

18

19

a) Tm c lng iem cua so hoa hong trung bnh ban c trong mot ngay.
b) Sau khi tnh toan, ong chu ca hang noi rang neu trung bnh mot ngay khong ban c 15
oa hoa th chang tha ong ca con hn. Da vao so lieu tren, anh (ch) hay ket luan giup ong
chu ca hang xem co nen tiep tuc ban hay khong mc y ngha = 0.05 .
c) Gia s nhng ngay ban c t 13 en 17 oa hong la nhng ngay bnh thng. Hay c
lng t le cua nhng ngay bnh thng cua ca hang o tin cay 90%. ( Gia thiet rang so hoa
ban ra trong ngay co phan phoi chuan).
Giai

a) Trung bnh X = 15.4 , SX = 1.871 , n = 25 .

b) Xet gia thiet H : nen ban tiep, ta co bai toan kiem nh
71

H : = 15

H : 15
Neu H ung th
T=

(X 0 ) n
St(24) .
SX

T so lieu cua cau a, ta co

T=

(X 0 ) n (15.4 15). 25
=
= 1.07 .
SX
1.871

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 th C = t 24
0.05 = 2.064 .
V T C , nen ta chap nhan H, ngha la ong chu nen tiep tuc ban.
c) Ta co ty le mau nhng ngay bnh thng la
f =

2+7+7+3
= 0.76 .
25

e c lng ty le tong the, ta dung thong ke

Z=

( f p)

f (1 f )

St(n 1) = St(24) .

Vi o tin cay 90%, ta c C = 1.711 . Suy ra

p = f C.

f (1 f )
0.76(1 0.76)
= 0.76 1.711
= 0.76 0.146 .
n
25

Vay, khoang c lng la [ 0.614; 0.906] .

Bai 6. Mot x nghiep uc mot so rat ln cac san pham bang thep vi so khuyet tat trung bnh
moi san pham la 3. Ngi ta cai tien cach san xuat va kiem tra 36 san pham. Ket qua nh sau :

So khuyet tat tren san pham

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

So san pham tng ng

7 4 5 7 6 6 1

Gia s so khuyet tat cua cac san pham co phan phoi chuan.
a) Hay c lng so khuyet tat trung bnh moi san pham sau khi cai tien, vi o tin cay 90%.
b) Hay cho ket luan ve hieu qua cua viec cai tien san xuat mc y ngha 0.05.
Giai

a) Ta co
X = 2.64, S2X = 3.38 , Sx = 1.838 , n = 36 .
e c lng so khuyet tat trung bnh, ta dung thong ke
T=

( X )
SX

St ( n 1) = St ( 35) N ( 0;1) .

o tin cay = 0.9 th C = 1.645 . Do o ta co khoang c lng

SX
S

; X + C. X
X C.
n
n

= [ 2.136; 3.144 ] .

72

b) Xet gia thiet H : cai tien khong hieu qua, ta co bai toan kiem nh
H : 0 = 3

H : 0 3
Neu H ung th
T=

(X 0 ) n
St ( 35 ) N ( 0;1) .
SX

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 th C = 1.96 , va

T=

(X 0 ) n (2.64 3). 36
=
= 1.175 .
SX
1.838

V T C , chap nhan H, ngha la cai tien khong hieu qua.

Bai 7. Quan sat ngau nhien mot so trng hp trong 3 lo thuoc (rat nhieu), ta ghi nhan c

Tot
Tam dung
Hong
Lo A
125
52
23
Lo B
117
61
22
Lo C
178
97
25
Hoi rang chat lng cua 3 lo thuoc co nh nhau khong ? Ket luan vi = 0.05 .
Giai

Ta co
Lo A
Lo B
Lo C
Tong
Xet bai toan kiem nh
H :

H :

Tot
125
117
178

Tam dung
52
61
97

Hong
23
22
25

420

210

70

Tong
200
200
300
700

Chat lng 3 lo thuoc nh nhau

Chat lng 3 lo thuoc khac nhau

Neu H ung th
P(tot) =

125 + 117 + 178

= 0.6 ,
700

P(tam) =

52 + 61 + 97
= 0.3 , va
700

P(hong) =

23 + 22 + 25
= 0.1 .
700

Khi o, bang phan phoi tan so ly thuyet phai la

Tot
0.6 200 = 120
0.6 200 = 120
0.6 300 = 180

Lo A
Lo B
Lo C
o khac biet gia quan sat va ly thuyet la

Tam dung
0.3 200 = 60
0.3 200 = 60
0.3 300 = 90

73

Hong
0.1 200 = 20
0.1 200 = 20
0.1 300 = 30

(N N )2 (125 120 )
64
9
Q=
=
+
+
+
N
120
60 20
9
1
4
4
49 25
+
+
+
+
+
+
= 3.42.
120 60 20 180 90 30

Neu H ung th Q 2 (3 1)(3 1) = 2 (4) , vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , ta co C = 20.05 = 9.488 .

V Q C , ta chap nhan H, ngha la 3 lo thuoc nh nhau.
Chu y : Ta co the thanh lap trc tiep bang phan phoi tan so ly thuyet nh sau

Tot
Tam dung
420

200
210 200
Lo A
700
700
420 200
210 200
Lo B
700
700
420 300
210 300
Lo C
700
700
Tong
420
210
Hn na, ta co the dung trc tiep cong thc

Hong
70 200
700
70 200
700
70 300
700
70

Tong
200
200
300
700

2
2
(125 )2

52 )
25 )
(
(
Q = 700
+
+ ... +
1 .
200 420 200 210

70 300

Bai 8. Trong mot cong ty, ngi ta chon ngau nhien 1000 cong nhan va theo doi so ngay ngh
cua ho trong mot nam. Ket qua thu c :
Gii tnh N
nam
So ngay ngh
05
300
500
5 20
80
70
> 20
20
30
Vi mc y ngha 0.01, hay kiem nh gia thiet cho rang s ngh viec khong phu thuoc vao gii tnh.
Giai

Ta co bai toan kiem nh

H :

H :

S ngh viec khong phu thuoc vao gii tnh

S ngh viec phu thuoc vao gii tnh

Neu H ung th
P(n) =

300 + 80 + 20
= 0.4 ,
1000

P(nam) =

500 + 70 + 30
= 0.6 .
1000

Khi o, bang phan phoi tan so ly thuyet la

Gii
tnh
So ngay ngh
05
5 20
> 20

nam

320
60
20

480
150
50

74

o khac biet gia quan sat va ly thuyet la

Q=

(N N )2 400 400 400 400

=
+
+
+
= 13.194 .
N
320 480 60
90
/

Neu H ung th Q 2 (3 1)(2 1) = 2 (2) . Vi mc y ngha = 0.01 , ta co C = 20.01 = 9.21 .

V Q > C , nen ta bac bo H, ngha la s ngh viec phu thuoc vao gii tnh.
Bai 9. Nghien cu anh hng cua hoan canh gia nh oi vi tnh hnh pham toi cua tre em v
thanh nien, ngi ta thu c.
Hoan canh gia
nh
Tnh trang pham toi
Khong pham toi
Pham toi

Bo hoac
me a chet

Bo me ly
hon

Con ca bo
me

20

25

13

29

43

18

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , co the ket luan la hoan canh gia nh cua tre em oc lap vi
tnh trang pham toi hay khong.
Giai

Goi X : Bo hoac me a chet, Y : Bo me ly hon, Z : con ca bo me.

Ta co bai toan kiem nh
H :

H :

Hoan canh gia nh oc lap vi tnh trang xa hoi

Hoan canh gia nh khong oc lap vi tnh trang
xa hoi

Neu H ung th
P(X) =

20 + 29
= 0.331 ,
148

P(Y) =

25 + 43
= 0.459 ,
148

P(Z) =

13 + 18
= 0.209 .
148

Ta co bang phan phoi tan so ly thuyet nh sau

Hoan canh gia nh
Tnh trang pham toi

Khong pham toi

19

27

12

Pham toi

30

41

19

o khac biet gia quan sat va ly thuyet la

Q=

(N N )2
1
4
1
1
4
1
=
+
+
+
+
+
N
19 27 12 30 41 19
= 0.468.
/

Neu H ung th Q 2 (2 1)(3 1) = 2 (2) , vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , ta co C = 20.05 = 5.991 .

V Q C , nen ta chap nhan H, ngha la hoan canh gia nh oc lap vi tnh trang pham toi.

75

Bai 10. Co 90 ngi dung DDT e tr benh ngoai da th co 10 ngi nhiem benh; co 100 ngi
khong dung DDT th co 26 ngi mac benh. Hoi rang DDT co tac dung nga benh ngoai da
khong ? ( ket luan vi = 0.05 ).
Giai

at
p1 :

Ty le ngi mac benh dung DDT

p2 :

Ty le ngi mac benh khong dung DDT

Ta co bai toan kiem nh
H : p1 = p2

H : p1 p2
V f1 =

10 1
26
= , va f 2 =
= 0.26 , nen ta co
90 9
100

nf + mf 2
p= 1
=
n+m

90.

1
26
+ 100.
9
100 = 0.1895 .
90 + 100

Neu H ung th
T=

f1 f 2

pq ( n1 +

1
m

St ( n + m 2 ) = St (188 ) N ( 0;1) .

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 th C = 1.96 , va do o

T=

f1 f 2
1 1
p(1 p) +
n m

1
0.26
9
= 2.616 .
1
1
0.1895 0.8105
+

90 100

V T > C , ta bac bo H, ngha la ngi dung DDT co tac dung nga benh ngoai da

Bai 11. Trong mot vung dan c co 18 be trai va 28 be gai mac benh B. Hoi rang ty le nhiem
benh cua be trai va be gai co nh nhau khong ? ( ket luan vi = 0.05 va gia s rang so lng
be trai va be gai trong vung tng ng nhau, va rat nhieu ).
Giai

Ta co bai toan kiem nh

1

H : p = 2

H : p 1

2
Neu H ung th
V f =

Z=

( f p)
pq

N(0;1) .

18
= 0.391 nen ta co
18 + 28

Z=

( 0.391 0.5)
0.5 0.5

46

= 1.48 .

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , ta tm c C = 1.96 .

76

V Z C , nen ta chap nhan H, ngha la ty le mac benh B cua be trai va be gai la nh

nhau.

Bai 12. Thong ke so tai nan lao ong tai 2 x nghiep, ta co cac so lieu sau :
X nghiep

So cong nhan

So tai nan lao ong

200

20

800

120

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , hay ket luan xem chat lng cong tac bao ve an toan lao ong
tai 2 x nghiep tren co khac nhau khong ?
Giai

Ta co bai toan kiem nh

H :

H :

Chat lng bao ve an toan cua hai x nghiep nh nhau

Chat lng bao ve an toan cua hai x nghiep khac nhau

Neu H ung th
P(Cong nhan) =

P(tai nan) =

200 + 800
= 0.8772
1140

20 + 120
= 0.123 .
1140

Ta co bang phan phoi tan so ly thuyet

X nghiep

So cong nhan

So tai nan lao ong

193

27

807

113

o khac biet gia quan sat va ly thuyet la

Q=

( N N 0.5)2
/

=
N
42.25 42.25 42.25 42.25
=
+
+
+
= 2.21.
193
27
807
113
Neu H ung th Q 2 (2 1)(2 1) = 2 (1) , vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , ta co C = 20.05 = 3.841 .
/

V Q C , nen ta chap nhan H, ngha la chat lng bao ve an toan lao ong cua hai x
nghiep la nh nhau.

Bai 13. oi vi ngi Viet Nam, lng huyet sac to trung bnh la 138.3g/l. Kham cho 80 cong
nhan nha may co tiep xuc hoa chat, thay huyet sac to trung bnh la 120g/l; S = 15g/l . T ket
qua tren, co the ket luan lng huyet sac to trung bnh cua cong nhan nha may hoa chat nay
thap hn mc chung hay khong ? Ket luan vi = 0.05
Giai

Ta co bai toan kiem nh

H : = 138.3

H : 138.3
Theo gia thiet, ta co X = 120 , SX = 15 , va n = 80 .
77

Neu H ung th
T

(X )
0

SX

St ( n 1) = St ( 79 ) N ( 0;1) .

T so lieu cua mau ta tm c gia tr cua T la

T=

( X 138.3)

SX

(120 138.3)

80

15

= 10.91 .

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , ta co C = 1.96 .

V T > C , nen ta bac bo H, ngha la lng huyet to trung bnh cua cong nhan nha may
thap hn mc chung.

Bai 14. Ham lng ng trong mau cua cong nhan sau 5 gi lam viec vi may sieu cao tan a
o c hai thi iem trc va sau 5 gi lam viec. Ta co ket qua sau :
Trc n1 = 50 , th X = 60mg% , SX = 7 .
Sau n2 = 40 , th Y = 52mg% , SY = 9.2 .
Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , co the khang nh ham lng ng trong mau sau 5 gi lam
viec a giam i hay khong ?
Giai

Ta co bai toan kiem nh

H : X = Y

H : X Y
Theo gia thiet, ta co

( n1 1) S2X + ( n2 1) S2Y

S2 =

n1 + n 2 2

49 49 + 39 84.64
50 + 40 2

= 64.795,
do o S = 8.05 .
Neu H ung th
T=

XY
S

1
n1

1
n2

St ( n1 + n 2 2) = St ( 89 ) N ( 0;1) .

T so lieu cua hai mau, ta tnh c gia tr cua T la

T=

XY
1
1
+
S
n1 n 2

60 52
1
1
+
8.05
50 40

= 4.68

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , ta co C = 1.96 .

V T > C : nen ta bac bo H, ngha la ham lng ng trong mau sau 5 gi lam viec a
giam i.

Bai 15. anh gia tac dung cua mot che o an boi dng ma dau hieu quan sat la so hong cau.
Ngi ta em so hong cau cua 20 ngi trc va sau khi an boi dng :
78

xi

32

40

38

42

41

35

36

47

50

30

yi

40

45

42

50

52

43

48

45

55

34

xi

38

45

43

36

50

38

42

41

45

44

32

54

58

30

60

35

50

48

40

50

yi

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , co the ket luan g ve tac dung cua che o an boi dng nay ?
Giai

ay la trng hp day so lieu tng cap. Ta khong the can c tren tac dung trung bnh cua
tng day so e so sanh ma ta phai can c tren s thay oi tng ca the. at d = Y X e ch so
lng gia tang boi bo. Ta co bang hieu so d i = X i Yi vi i = 1, 2, ..., 20 nh sau
d

-6
9
15
T bang tren, ta tnh c

8
-6

11
10

8
-3

12
8

-2
7

5
-5

4
-4

d = 6.9 , Sd = 4.28 , va n = 20 .
Khi o, gia thiet H : Hai bo so lieu giong nhau tng cap
c thay bang
H : trung bnh cua bo so lieu Di bang 0.
Ta co bai toan kiem nh
H : d = 0

H : d 0
Neu H ung th
T

( d 0)
Sd

St ( n 1) = St (19 ) .

T o, ta tm c gia tr cua T la
T=

(d 0) n (6.9 0) 20
=
= 7.21 .
Sd
4.28

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 th C = t19

0.05 = 2.093 .
V T > C , nen ta bac bo H, ngha la che o thc an boi dng lam thay oi hong cau.

Bai 16. Trong t thi ua, phan xng A bao cao chat lng san pham lam ra nh sau : co 85%
loai 1; 10% loai 2 va 5% loai 3. Ban thi ua a lay ngau nhien t lo san pham cha phan loai
cua phan xng A ra 100 san pham, thay co 80 loai 1, 13 loai 2 va 7 loai 3. Vi mc y ngha
= 0.01 , co the ket luan g ve bao cao cua phan xng A ?
Giai

Bang so lieu quan sat cua phan xng A

San pham
T le

Loai 1
80
0.85
79

Loai 2
13
0.1

Loai 3
7
0.05

Ta co bang phan phoi tan so ly thuyet

Loai 1
San pham
85
T le
0.85
o khac biet gia quan sat va ly thuyet la

Loai 2
10
0.1

Loai 3
5
0.05

(N N )2 (80 85)2 (13 10)2 (7 5)2

=
+
+
= 1.99 .
N
85
10
5
Va ta co bai toan kiem nh
Q=

H : D bao cua phan xng A la ung

H : D bao cua phan xng A la khong ung

Neu H ung th Q 2 (2) .
Vi mc y ngha = 0.01 th C = 20.01 (2) = 9.21 .
V Q C , nen ta chap nhan H, ngha la d bao cua phan xng A la ung.

B. BAI TAP
Bai 1. Trong ieu kien chan nuoi bnh thng, lng sa trung bnh cua 1 con bo la 14kg/ngay.
Nghi ng ieu kien chan nuoi kem i lam cho lng sa giam xuong, ngi ta ieu tra ngau
nhien 25 con va tnh c lng sa trung bnh cua 1 con trong 1 ngay la 12.5 va o lech tieu
chuan SX = 2.5 . Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 . hay ket luan ieu nghi ng noi tren. Gia thiet lng
sa bo la 1 bien ngau nhien chuan.
ap so : T = 3 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 2. Mot may san xuat t ong vi ty le chnh pham 98%. Sau mot thi gian hoat ong, ngi
ta nghi ng ty le tren a b giam. Kiem tra ngau nhien 500 san pham thay co 28 phe pham, vi
= 0.05 hay kiem tra xem chat lng lam viec cua may co con c nh trc hay khong?
ap so : Z = 5.75 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 3. Trong cung mot giong lua tren hai tha ruong nh nhau va bon hai loai phan khac nhau.
en ngay thu hoach ta co ket qua nh sau : Tha th nhat lay mau 1000 bong lua thay so hat
trung bnh cua moi bong X = 70 hat va SX = 10 . Tha th hai lay mau 500 bong thay so hat

trung bnh moi bong Y = 72 hat va SY = 20 . Hoi s khac nhau gia X va Y la ngau nhien hay
ban chat, vi = 0.05 ?
ap so : T = 2.58 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 4. e so sanh trong lng trung bnh cua tre s sinh thanh th va nong thon, ngi ta th
can trong lng cua 10000 chau va thu c ket qua sau ay :

So chau
Trong lng
o lech
c can
trung bnh
chuan mau
Nong thon
8000
3.0kg
0.3kg
Thanh th
2000
3.2kg
0.2kg
Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 co the coi trong lng trung bnh cua tre s sinh thanh th cao
hn nong thon hay khong? (Gia thiet trong lng tre s sinh la bien ngau nhien chuan).
Vung

ap so : T = 28.28 , bac bo gia thiet.

80

Bai 5. So con cua 2000 phu n thu o di 25 tuoi cho bang sau :
So con X
0
1
2
3
4
So phu n 1090 650 220 30 10
Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 co the xem X tuan theo luat Poisson hay khong ?
ap so : Q = 8.01 , bac bo gia thiet.

Bai 6. Gia s ta muon xac nh xem hieu qua cua che o an kieng oi vi viec giam trong lng
nh the nao. 20 ngi qua beo a thc hien che o an kieng. Trong lng cua tng ngi trc
khi an kieng (Xkg) va sau khi an kieng (Ykg) c cho nh sau:
X
Y

80
75

78
77

85
80

70
70

90
84

78
74

92
85

88
82

75
80

X 75 63 72 89 76 77 71 83 78 82 90
Y 65 62 71 83 72 82 71 79 76 83 81
Kiem tra xem che o an kieng co tac dung lam thay i trong lng hay khong ( = 0.05 ).
ap so : T = 3.39 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 7. Dung 3 phng an x ly hat giong ket qua cho nh sau :

Ket qua
Phng an I Phng an II Phng an III
So hat moc
360
603
490
So hat khong moc 40
97
180
Theo bang so lieu tren, cac phng an x ly co tac dung nh nhau oi vi ty le nay mam
hay khong ( = 0.05 ) ?
ap so : Q = 61.52 , bac bo gia thiet.

Bai 8. Theo doi s phu thuoc gia mau mat va mau toc 124 phu n mot nc Chau Au ta co
ket qua sau :
Mau toc Vang
Mau mat
nau
Xanh
25
Xam
13
Nau mc
7
Vi = 0.05 , hay kiem tra gia thiet cho rang
nhau.

Vang
hoe
9
3
7
17
10
7
13
8
5
mau cua toc va mau cua mat oc lap vi

Nau en

ap so : Q = 15.07 , bac bo gia thiet.

Bai 9. e xac nh thi vu phun thuoc diet sau co li nhat, to bao ve cay trong a theo doi cac
la sau trong tng thi ky va em so sau non mi n bat c. Ket qua ghi bang sau
Thi ky theo doi Thang 1 Thang 2 Thang 3 Thang 4 Thang 5
So sau non mi
62
28
70
75
15
n bat c
Tong so sau non
488
392
280
515
185
bat c
Ty le sau non mi n trong cac thi ky quan sat khac nhau co y ngha hay khong
( = 0.05 ) ?
ap so : Q = 50.83 , bac bo gia thiet.

81

Bai 10. o huyet sac to cho 50 cong nhan nong trng thay co 60% mc di 110g/l. So lieu
chung cua khu vc nay la 30% mc di 110g/l. Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , co the ket luan cong
nhan nong trng co ty le huyet sac to di 110g/l cao hn mc chung hay khong ?
ap so : Z = 4.63 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 11. Ham lng ng trong mau cua cong nhan sau 3 gi lam viec vi may sieu cao tan a
c o 2 thi iem trc va sau 3 gi lam viec. Ta co ket qua sau :

Trc :

n1 = 50 :

X = 60mg%;

S1 = 7

Sau :

n 2 = 40 :

Y = 52mg%;

S2 = 9.2

Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 , co the khang nh ham lng ng trong mau sau 3 gi lam
viec a giam i hay khong ?
ap so : T = 4.69 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 12. Goi X la so ngi ti mot tram ien thoai trong thi gian 3 phut. Theo doi 50 khoang
thi gian nh vay ta co cac so lieu sau:

So ngi en (X)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
So khoang xay ra
8
15
12
9
4
1
1
Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 co the ket luan X tuan theo luat phan phoi Poisson hay khong ?
ap so : Q = 1.06 , chap nhan gia thiet.

Bai 13. Mot nha may co 3 phan xng cung san xuat mot loai san pham. Chat lng san pham
c chia thanh 3 loai. Kiem tra, phan loai ngau nhien mot so san pham t lo san pham cua 3
phan xng ta co so lieu sau :
Phan xng
PX
PX
PX
Chat lng
I
II
III
Loai I
70
80
60
Loai II
25
20
15
Loai III
5
10
5
Vi = 0.05 co the ket luan chat lng san pham phu thuoc vao ni lam ra chung hay
khong ?
ap so : Q = 2.8 , chap nhan gia thiet.

Bai 14. Giam oc mot x nghiep cho biet lng trung bnh cua 1 cong nhan thuoc x nghiep la
380 ngan /thang. Chon ngau nhien 36 cong nhan thay lng trung bnh la 350 ngan /thang,
vi o lech chuan S = 40 . Li bao cao cua giam oc co tin cay c khong, vi mc co y ngha la
= 5% .
ap so : T = 4.5 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 15. Gieo ong thi 2 ong tien 50 lan. Tan so xuat hien so mat xap c cho nh sau :

So mat xap
0
1
2
Tan so xuat hien
10 28 12
Vi mc y ngha = 0.05 co the ket luan 2 ong tien la can oi va ong chat hay khong ?
ap so : Q = 0.88 , chap nhan gia thiet.

Bai 16. Trong thap nien 80, trong lng trung bnh cua thanh nien la 48kg. Nay e xac nh lai
trong lng ay, ngi ta chon ngau nhien 100 thanh nien o trong lng trung bnh la 50kg va
2

phng sai mau ieu chnh S2 = (10kg ) . Th xem trong lng thanh nien hien nay phai chang
co thay oi, vi mc co y ngha la 1% ?
ap so : T = 2 , chap nhan gia thiet.

82

Bai 17. Mot ca hang thc pham nhan thay thi gian va qua trung bnh mot khach hang mua
25 ngan ong thc pham trong ngay. Nay ca hang chon ngau nhien 15 khach hang thay trung
bnh mot khach hang mau 24 ngan ong trong ngay va phng sai mau ieu chnh la
S2 = ( 2 ngan ong ) .
2

Vi mc y ngha la 5%, th xem co phai sc mua cua khach hang hien nay co thc s giam
sut.
ap so : T = 1.94 , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 18. Theo mot nguon tin th t le ho dan thch xem dan ca tren Tivi la 80%. Tham do 36 ho
dan thay co 25 ho thch xem dan ca. Vi mc co y ngha la 5%. Kiem nh xem nguon tin nay co
ang tin cay khong ?
ap so : Z = 1.58 , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 19. Mot may san suat t ong, luc au ty le san pham loai A la 20%. Sau khi ap dung mot
phng phap cai tien san xuat mi, ngi ta lay 40 mau, moi mau gom 10 san pham e kiem
tra. Ket qua kiem tra cho bang sau :

So san pham loai A 1 2 3 4 5

6
7 8 9
trong mau
So mau
2 0 4 6 8 10 4 5 1
Vi mc y ngha 5%. Hay cho ket luan ve phng phap san suat nay.

10
0

ap so : Z = 16.875 , bac bo gia thiet.

Bai 20. Trong lng trung bnh khi xuat chuong mot trai chan nuoi trc la 3,3 kg/con. Nam
nay ngi ta s dung mot loai thc an mi, can th 15 con khi xuat chuong ta c cac so lieu
nh sau:

3,25 ; 2,50 ; 4,00 ; 3,75 ; 3,80 ; 3,90 ; 4,02 ; 3,60 ;3,80 ; 3,20 ; 3,82 ; 3,40 ; 3,75 ; 4,00 ;
3,50
Gia thiet trong lng ga la ai lng ngau nhien phan phoi theo quy luat chuan.
a) Vi mc y ngha = 0, 05 . Hay cho ket luan ve tac dung cua loai thc an nay ?
b) Neu trai chan nuoi bao cao trong lng trung bnh khi xuat chuong la 3,5 kg/con th co
chap nhan c khong ? ( = 5% ) .
ap so : T = 3.06 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 21. Ty le phe pham cua mot nha may trc ay la 5%. Nam nay nha may ap dung mot bien
phap ky thuat mi. e nghien cu tac dung cua bien phap ky thuat mi, ngi ta lay mot mau
gom 800 san pham e kiem tra va thay co 24 phe pham.

a) Vi = 0, 01 . Hay cho ket luan ve bien phap ky thuat mi nay ?

b) Neu nha may bao cao ty le phe pham sau khi ap dung bien phap ky thuat mi la 2% th
co chap nhan c khong ? ( vi = 0, 01) .
ap so : a) Z = 2.6 , bac bo gia thiet.
b) T = 2.02 , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 22. Tien lng trung bnh cua cong nhan trc ay la 400 ngan /thang. e xet xem tien
lng hien nay so vi mc trc ay the nao, ngi ta ieu tra 100 cong nhan va tnh c
X = 404.8 ngan /thang va S = 20 ngan /thang. Vi = 1%

a) Neu lap gia thiet 2 pha va gia thiet 1 pha th ket qua kiem nh nh the nao ?
b) Giong cau a, vi X = 406 ngan / thang va S = 20 ngan /thang.
83

ap so : a) T = 2.4 , chap nhan gia thiet.

b) T = 3 , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 23. San pham c san xuat ra tren mot day chuyen t ong c ong goi mot cach ngau
nhien theo qui cach : 3 san pham/hop. Tien hanh kiem tra 200 hop ta c ket qua

So sp loai I co trong hop

0
1
2
3
So hop
6
14 110 70
Vi = 2% , co the xem so san pham loai I co trong hop la ai lng ngau nhien co quy
luat phan phoi nh thc khong ?
ap so : Q = 18.88 , bac bo gia thiet.

Bai 24. Mot nha may san xuat may in noi rang so loi in trong 1 cuon sach day 300 trang cua
may in la 1 ai lng ngau nhien co quy luat phan phoi Poisson vi tham so = 4.7 . Kiem tra
300 trang sach in cua 50 may in cung loai, ta c
9
So loi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
So may
1
1
8
6
13 10
5
5
1
0
Vi mc y ngha 1%, hoi li tuyen bo cua nha san xuat co ung khong ?
ap so : Q = 2.406 , chap nhan gia thiet.

Bai 25. Kiem tra 200 thung mot loai o hop, ngi ta thu c so lieu sau
So hop b hong/thung
0
1
2
3
4
So thung
116 56 22
4
2
Vi = 5% , so hop b hong cua mot thung co la bien ngau nhien tuan theo qui luat
Poisson ?
ap so : Q = 2.393 , chap nhan gia thiet.

Bai 26. So tai nan giao thong xay ra moi ngay 1 thanh pho quan sat c
So tai nan
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
So ngay
10 32 46 35 20
9
2
1
1
Vi mc y ngha 1%, xet xem so tai nan giao thong co quy luat Poisson ?
ap so : Q = 2.311 , chap nhan gia thiet.

Bai 27. Nang suat lua th nghiem tren 100 lo at cho ket qua
Nang
8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15
suat(tan/ha)
So trng hp
8
15
21
23
16
9
8
Vi mc y ngha 1%, xet xem nang suat lua co tuan theo quy luat phan phoi chuan khong
?

ap so : Q = 4.4 , chap nhan gia thiet.

Bai 28. Gieo 1 con xuc xac 600 lan. So lan xuat hien cac mat 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c cho trong bang
sau
So nut
1
2
3
4
5
6
So lan xuat hien
106
92
97
105
88
112
Vi mc y ngha 5%, co the xem con xuc xac c che tao can oi, ong chat khong ?
ap so : Q = 4.2 , chap nhan gia thiet.

84

PHU LUC
1. Dung cac bang phan phoi xac suat
Cac bang phan phoi xac suat quan trong gom phan phoi Gauss, Chi-Bnh phng, Student
va Fisher. Cac gia tr xac suat ac biet cua chung c tnh san va liet ke thanh bang nh sau
1.1. Phan phoi Gauss N ( 0,1) .

Vi X N ( 0,1) , ta co hai bai toan xac suat quan trong :

- tm P ( a X b ) , vi a, b

, a b cho trc,

- tm gia tr C sao cho P ( C X C ) = P ( X C ) = , vi cho trc.

1.1.1. Tm P ( a X b ) .

Do f (x) =

1
2

e x

P ( a X b) =

/2

la ham mat o cua X nen t tnh chat cua tch phan, ta co

f (x)dx =

(b) (a),
trong o (x) =

f (t)dt

1
2

f (x)dx

e t

/2

f (x)dx

dt c goi la ham Laplace.

Cac gia tr cua ham Laplace c tnh san va liet ke thanh bang goi la bang phan phoi
Gauss. Ngoai ra, v la ham le, ( x) = (x) , x , nen ngi ta ch can liet ke cac gia tr
cua (x) vi x > 0 .
Bang phan phoi Gauss gom 400 gia tr cua (x) , vi x thay oi t 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, ..., 3.99
va c bo tr nh sau
- Cac hang trong bang, tr hang au, c anh so t 0.0, 0.1, en 3.9.
- Cac cot trong bang, tr cot au, c anh so t 0.00, 0.01 ti 0.09.
Khi o, ng vi moi gia tr x trong khoang t 0.00 en 3.99 vi hai so le thap phan dang
x = a.bc , gia tr (x) nam hang anh so a.b va cot anh so 0.0c. Chang han, vi x = 1.52 ,

(x) (1.52) nam hang 1.5, cot 0.02, ngha la (1.52) = 0.4357 .

...
...
1.4
1.5
1.6
...
...
Ngoai ra, v (+)

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

1
2

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

e t

0.01
...
...
0.4207
0.4345
0.4463
...
...
2

/2

0.02
...
...
0.4222
0.4357
0.4474
...
...

0.03
...
...
0.4236
0.4370
0.4484
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

dt = 0.5 nen (x) = 0.5 , vi 4 x + .

Tom lai, khi X N ( 0,1) th

85

P ( a X b ) = (b) (a) ,

(1)

vi (x) c tnh nh sau

- Khi 0 x 3.99 , gia tr (x) c tm thay trong bang,
- Khi 4 x + , (x) = 0.5 ,
- Khi x < 0 , ta dung cong thc ( x) = (x) .
Chu y :

Cong thc (1) van ung cho trng hp a = va / hay b = + . Chang han
P ( < X b ) = (b) () = (b) + 0.5 ,
v () = (+) = 0.5 ,
P ( a X < + ) = (+) (a) = 0.5 (a) .
Hn na, do tnh chat cua tch phan, ta co
P ( a X b) = P ( a < X b) = P ( a X < b) = P ( a < X < b) .
1.1.2. Tm C sao cho P ( C X C ) = P ( X C ) = , vi cho trc.

Xuat phat t ang thc = P ( C X C ) = 2 ( C ) , ta c ( C ) =

.
2

va tm v tr cua so hang nay trong

2
bang. Bay gi, C chnh la tong cua so ch hang va so ch cot. Chang han, vi = 0.95 ,

( C ) = = 0.475 . Tra bang, ta thay gia tr 0.475 nam hang 1.9, cot 0.06, ieu nay co ngha la
2
(1.96) = 0.475 . Do o C = 1.96 .
Do o, ng vi gia tr cho trc, tnh ( C ) =

...
...
1.8
1.9
2.0
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

0.05
...
...
0.4678
0.4744
0.4798
...
...

0.06
...
...
0.4686
0.4750
0.4803
...
...

0.07
...
...
0.4693
0.4756
0.4808
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Chu y :

Ta con gap bai toan tm C sao cho P ( X > C ) = , vi cho trc. Khi o
P ( X C) = 1 P ( X > C) = 1 =
va ta nhan tr lai bai toan va khao sat. Thong thng, va lan lt c goi la o tin cay
va nguy c sai lam.
1.2. Phan phoi Student St ( n ) .

Do phan phoi Student thng ch dung trong cac bai toan thong ke nen vi St ( n ) ,
ngi ta ch co cac nhu cau

86

- tm C sao cho P ( C ) = ,
- tm C sao cho P ( > C ) = .
e lam c ieu nay, ngi ta tnh san P ( > C ) = , St ( n ) , vi mot so gia tr cua
(nguy c sai lam) va (o t do) n va liet ke trong bang goi la bang phan phoi Student.
Cu the, cac hang cua bang, tr hang 1, c anh so theo o t do n, cac cot cua bang, tr
cot 1, c anh so theo (nguy c sai lam) . Khi o, noi dung trong bang ng vi hang va cot
nhan c chnh la gia tr C can tm.
V du : Vi St (10 ) , e tm C sao cho P ( X > C ) = 0.05 , noi dung bang ng vi hang 10,
cot 0.05 cho gia tr C = 2.228 .

...
...
9
10
11
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

0.04
...
...
2.398
2.359
2.328
...
...

0.05
...
...
2.262
2.228
2.201
...
...

0.06
...
...
2.150
2.120
2.096
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Trng hp tm C sao cho P ( C ) = c khao sat giong nh trng hp phan phoi

Gauss
P ( > C) = 1 P ( C) = 1 .
Chu y :

Khi St ( n ) , vi n 30 , ta co the
- Dung bang phan phoi Student vi o t do n = (hang cuoi), hay
- Xap x phan phoi Student bang phan phoi Gauss, ngha la X N ( 0,1) .
1.3. Phan phoi Chi-Bnh phng.

Tng t phan phoi Student, phan phoi Chi-Bnh phng c dung trong thong ke va ta
gap hai bai toan sau
- Tm a, b

sao cho P ( X < a ) = P ( X > b ) =

toan c lng),
- Tm C

, vi (nguy c sai lam) cho trc (bai

2

sao cho P ( X > C ) = (bai toan kiem nh).

Do P ( X < a ) = 1 P ( X a ) = 1 P ( X > a ) nen e giai cac bai toan nay, ngi ta tnh san
mot so gia tr x sao cho P ( X x ) = , X 2 ( n ) , tng ng vi cac gia tr cua va n cho trc,
va c liet ke thanh bang. Cac hang, tr hang 1, c anh so theo bac t do n, cac cot, tr cot
1, c anh so theo cac gia tr cua . Gia tr trong bang tng ng vi hang va cot tm c
chnh la gia tr x can tm. Chang han, vi X 2 (10 ) , e tm x sao cho P ( X x ) = 0.025 , tra
bang ng vi hang 10, cot 0.025, ta c x = 20.483 .
87

...
...
9
10
11
...
...
1.4. Phan phoi Fisher

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
F ( n, m ) .

0.02
...
...
19.679
21.161
22.618
...
...

0.03
...
...
18.480
19.922
21.342
...
...

0.025
...
...
19.023
20.483
21.920
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Tng t nh phan phoi chi-bnh phng, vi X F ( n, m ) , cac gia tr x sao cho

P ( X x ) = c tnh san vi mot so , m, n cho trc.
Cu the, ngi ta ch xet hai gia tr cua la 0.05 va 0.01, va cac gia tr cua x c liet ke
thanh hai bang : bang 1 ng vi = 0.05 va bang 2 ng vi = 0.01 . Trong moi bang, hang 1
liet ke cac gia tr cua n. Cot 1 liet ke cac gia tr cua m va gia tr trong bang la gia tr x can tm
tng ng.
Chang han, neu X F ( 5,10 ) , e tm x sao cho P ( X x ) = 0.05 , ta tra bang 1, hang 10, cot
5 va nhan c gia tr cua x la 3.33
...
...
...
...
...
9
...
...
10
11
...
...
...
...
...
e tm x sao cho P ( X x ) =

...
4
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3.63
3.48
...
3.48
3.33
...
3.36
3.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.01 , tra bang 2, hang

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
9
10
11
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

4
...
...
6.42
5.99
5.67
...
...

6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3.37
...
...
3.22
...
...
3.09
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
10, cot 5, ta c gia tr cua x la 5.64
6
...
...
5.80
5.39
5.07
...
...

5
...
...
6.06
5.64
5.32
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

2. Chng minh ang thc

Q=
Do Ni, j =

Hi C j
N

i =1

j=1

(N

i, j

Ni, j )

Ni, j

= N

nen

88

i =1

j=1

(N )

Hi C j

i, j

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

(N

i, j

Ni, j )

(N
=

Ni, j

=N

Hi C j 2
N

i, j

Hi C j
N

N2i, j

Hi C j

N2i, j 2Ni, j

Hi C j
N

Hi C j 2
N

Hi C j
N

2Ni, j +

Hi C j
N

V vay

Q=N

N2i, j

i =1

j= 1

H C 2 N +
i =1

j=1

i =1

j=1

i =1

j=1

i, j

i =1

j=1

Hi C j
N

trong o

i, j

=N;

Hi C j
N

1
=
N

Hi

i =1

j=1

Cj =

N2
= N.
N

T o suy ra
Q=N

N2i, j

i =1

j=1

H C

= N

i =1

j=1

N
j

1 .

Hi C j

N2i, j

3. Hng dan dung may tnh

Trong phan nay, ta ch khao sat cac phep tnh thong ke tren ba loai may : FX 500A, FX
500MS, 570MS va FX 500ES, 570ES.
3.1. Cac ky hieu, ghi chu
- Cac phm bam tren may c ky hieu bi cac bieu tng c ong khung, v du :
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, .
- Cac phm mui ten nh :

la cac phm tren nut Replay

.
ngha la bam cac

- Chuoi cac ky hieu bieu tng nh

phm
,
,
,
,
,
tren may theo th t t trai sang phai.
3.2. Cac bc trong tnh toan thong ke vi cac loai may FX500A, FX500MS, FX
570MS
sau :

e nhan c cac ket qua trong tnh toan thong ke mot bien, ta thc hien tuan t cac bc
Bc 1 : Vao che o thong ke (SD).
Bc 2 : Xoa d lieu thong ke cu.
Bc 3 : Nhap so lieu thong ke mi.
Bc 4 : Khai thac ket qua t so lieu thong ke va nhap.
Bc 5 : Thoat khoi che o thong ke.
Cu the, ta co
89

3.2.1. Bc 1 : Vao che o thong ke

May FX500A :

May FX500MS :

May FX570MS :

3.2.2. Bc 2 : Xoa so lieu thong ke cu

Trong che o SD, ta thc hien nh sau :
May FX500A :

May FX500MS va FX570MS :

3.2.3. Bc 3 : Nhap so lieu thong ke mi

So lieu khong co tan so : Chang han e nhap day so lieu cua X

May FX500A :

X 1 2 3 4 5

May FX500MS va FX570MS :

So lieu co tan so : Chang han e nhap day so lieu cua X

X
1 2 3 4 5
Tan so 3 2 4 5 2
May FX500A :

May FX500MS va FX570MS :

3.2.4. Bc 4 : Khai thac ket qua

Vi X ch trung bnh mau; n ch phng sai mau cha hieu chnh; n 1 ch phng sai mau
co hieu chnh;
c mau. Ta co

ch tong so lieu mau;

2
i

May FX500A :
X :

90

ch tong bnh phng cac so lieu mau va n ch

n :

n 1 :

x :
x :

2
i

n:

May FX500MS va FX570MS :

X :

n :

n 1 :

x :
x :
i

2
i

n:

3.2.5. Bc 5 : Thoat khoi che o thong ke

May FX500A :

May FX500MS :

May FX570MS :

3.2. Cac bc trong tnh toan thong ke vi cac loai may FX500ES, FX570ES
e nhan c cac ket qua trong tnh toan thong ke mot bien, ta thc hien tuan t cac bc
sau :
Bc 1 : Vao che o thong ke (STAT).
Bc 2 : Vao che o chnh sa d lieu.
Bc 2.1 : Xoa d lieu thong ke cu.
Bc 2.2 : Nhap so lieu thong ke mi.
Bc 3 : Khai thac ket qua t so lieu thong ke va nhap.
Bc 4 : Thoat khoi che o thong ke.
Chu y rang ch co s khac biet gia hai loai may nay trong bc 1. Tat ca cac bc con lai
la nh nhau. Cu the, ta co

3.3.1. Bc 1 : Vao che o thong ke

May FX500ES :

May FX570ES :

3.3.2. Bc 2 : Vao che o chnh sa d lieu

Trong che o STAT, ta thc hien nh sau :

3.3.2.1 Bc 2.1 : Xoa so lieu thong ke cu

91

3.3.2.2 Bc 2.2 : Nhap so lieu thong ke mi

So lieu khong co tan so : Chang han e nhap day so lieu cua X

X 1 2 3 4 5

So lieu co tan so : Chang han e nhap day so lieu cua X

X
1 2 3 4 5
Tan so 3 2 4 5 2
Neu tren man hnh khong co cot Freq (cot e nhap tan so) th bam

Nhap d lieu :

Nhap tan so :

3.3.3. Bc 3 : Khai thac ket qua

Vi X ch trung bnh mau; n ch phng sai mau cha hieu chnh; n 1 ch phng sai mau
co hieu chnh;
c mau. Ta co

ch tong so lieu mau;

X :

n :

n 1 :

n:

x :
x :
i

2
i

2
i

3.3.4. Bc 4 : Thoat khoi che o thong ke

92

ch tong bnh phng cac so lieu mau va n ch

PHAN PHOI POISSON

P ( X x) =

kx

k
vi X P()
k!

Hang 1 : cac gia tr cua .

Cot 1 : Cac gia tr cua x.
Noi dung bang : Cac gia tr P ( X x ) .
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9048

0.8187

0.7408

0.6703

0.6065

0.5488

0.4966

0.4493

0.4066

0.9953

0.9825

0.9631

0.9384

0.9098

0.8781

0.8442

0.8088

0.7725

0.9998

0.9989

0.9964

0.9921

0.9856

0.9769

0.9659

0.9526

0.9371

1.0000

0.9999

0.9997

0.9992

0.9982

0.9966

0.9942

0.9909

0.9865

1.0000

1.0000

0.9999

0.9998

0.9996

0.9992

0.9986

0.9977

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

0.9999

0.9998

0.9997

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

4
5
6

0.3679

0.1353

0.0498

0.0183

0.0067

0.7358

0.4060

0.1991

0.0916

0.0404

0.9197

0.6767

0.4232

0.2381

0.1247

0.9810

0.8571

0.6472

0.4335

0.2650

0.9963

0.9473

0.8153

0.6288

0.4405

0.9994

0.9834

0.9161

0.7851

0.6160

0.9999

0.9955

0.9665

0.8893

0.7622

1.0000

0.9989

0.9881

0.9489

0.8666

0.9998

0.9962

0.9786

0.9319

1.0000

0.9989

0.9919

0.9682

10

0.9997

0.9972

0.9863

11

0.9999

0.9991

0.9945

12

1.0000

0.9997

0.9980

13

0.9999

0.9993

14

1.0000

0.9998

15

0.9999

16

1.0000

93

PHAN PHOI GAUSS

(x) =

1
2

x
0

e t

/2

dt = P ( 0 X x ) ,

vi X N ( 0;1) , x z .

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9

0
0.0000
0.0398
0.0793
0.1179
0.1554
0.1915
0.2257
0.2580
0.2881
0.3159
0.3413
0.3643
0.3849
0.4032
0.4192
0.4332
0.4452
0.4554
0.4641
0.4713
0.4772
0.4821
0.4861
0.4893
0.4918
0.4938
0.4953
0.4965
0.4974
0.4981
0.4987
0.4990
0.4993
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

0.01
0.0040
0.0438
0.0832
0.1217
0.1591
0.1950
0.2291
0.2611
0.2910
0.3186
0.3438
0.3665
0.3869
0.4049
0.4207
0.4345
0.4463
0.4564
0.4649
0.4719
0.4778
0.4826
0.4864
0.4896
0.4920
0.4940
0.4955
0.4966
0.4975
0.4982
0.4987
0.4991
0.4993
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

0.02
0.0080
0.0478
0.0871
0.1255
0.1628
0.1985
0.2324
0.2642
0.2939
0.3212
0.3461
0.3686
0.3888
0.4066
0.4222
0.4357
0.4474
0.4573
0.4656
0.4726
0.4783
0.4830
0.4868
0.4898
0.4922
0.4941
0.4956
0.4967
0.4976
0.4982
0.4987
0.4991
0.4994
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

0.03
0.0120
0.0517
0.0910
0.1293
0.1664
0.2019
0.2357
0.2673
0.2967
0.3238
0.3485
0.3708
0.3907
0.4082
0.4236
0.4370
0.4484
0.4582
0.4664
0.4732
0.4788
0.4834
0.4871
0.4901
0.4925
0.4943
0.4957
0.4968
0.4977
0.4983
0.4988
0.4991
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

x=z
0.04
0.0160
0.0557
0.0948
0.1331
0.1700
0.2054
0.2389
0.2704
0.2995
0.3264
0.3508
0.3729
0.3925
0.4099
0.4251
0.4382
0.4495
0.4591
0.4671
0.4738
0.4793
0.4838
0.4875
0.4904
0.4927
0.4945
0.4959
0.4969
0.4977
0.4984
0.4988
0.4992
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

94

0.05
0.0199
0.0596
0.0987
0.1368
0.1736
0.2088
0.2422
0.2734
0.3023
0.3289
0.3531
0.3749
0.3944
0.4115
0.4265
0.4394
0.4505
0.4599
0.4678
0.4744
0.4798
0.4842
0.4878
0.4906
0.4929
0.4946
0.4960
0.4970
0.4978
0.4984
0.4989
0.4992
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

0.06
0.0239
0.0636
0.1026
0.1406
0.1772
0.2123
0.2454
0.2764
0.3051
0.3315
0.3554
0.3770
0.3962
0.4131
0.4279
0.4406
0.4515
0.4608
0.4686
0.4750
0.4803
0.4846
0.4881
0.4909
0.4931
0.4948
0.4961
0.4971
0.4979
0.4985
0.4989
0.4992
0.4994
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

0.07
0.0279
0.0675
0.1064
0.1443
0.1808
0.2157
0.2486
0.2794
0.3078
0.3340
0.3577
0.3790
0.3980
0.4147
0.4292
0.4418
0.4525
0.4616
0.4693
0.4756
0.4808
0.4850
0.4884
0.4911
0.4932
0.4949
0.4962
0.4972
0.4979
0.4985
0.4989
0.4992
0.4995
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

0.08
0.0319
0.0714
0.1103
0.1480
0.1844
0.2190
0.2517
0.2823
0.3106
0.3365
0.3599
0.3810
0.3997
0.4162
0.4306
0.4429
0.4535
0.4625
0.4699
0.4761
0.4812
0.4854
0.4887
0.4913
0.4934
0.4951
0.4963
0.4973
0.4980
0.4986
0.4990
0.4993
0.4995
0.4996
0.4997
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

0.09
0.0359
0.0753
0.1141
0.1517
0.1879
0.2224
0.2549
0.2852
0.3133
0.3389
0.3621
0.3830
0.4015
0.4177
0.4319
0.4441
0.4545
0.4633
0.4706
0.4767
0.4817
0.4857
0.4890
0.4916
0.4936
0.4952
0.4964
0.4974
0.4981
0.4986
0.4990
0.4993
0.4995
0.4997
0.4998
0.4998
0.4999
0.4999
0.4999
0.5000

PHAN PHOI STUDENT

P ( T t ) = vi T St(n)
Cot 1 : gia tr o t do n.
Hang 1 : Gia tr nguy c sai lam
Noi dung bang : Gia tr t tng ng vi n va

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

0.01
63.656
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.576

0.02
31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.326

0.03
21.205
5.643
3.896
3.298
3.003
2.829
2.715
2.634
2.574
2.527
2.491
2.461
2.436
2.415
2.397
2.382
2.368
2.356
2.346
2.336
2.328
2.320
2.313
2.307
2.301
2.296
2.291
2.286
2.282
2.170

0.04
15.894
4.849
3.482
2.999
2.757
2.612
2.517
2.449
2.398
2.359
2.328
2.303
2.282
2.264
2.249
2.235
2.224
2.214
2.205
2.197
2.189
2.183
2.177
2.172
2.167
2.162
2.158
2.154
2.150
2.054

0.05
12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
1.960

0.06
10.579
3.896
2.951
2.601
2.422
2.313
2.241
2.189
2.150
2.120
2.096
2.076
2.060
2.046
2.034
2.024
2.015
2.007
2.000
1.994
1.988
1.983
1.978
1.974
1.970
1.967
1.963
1.960
1.957
1.881

95

0.07
9.058
3.578
2.763
2.456
2.297
2.201
2.136
2.090
2.055
2.028
2.007
1.989
1.974
1.962
1.951
1.942
1.934
1.926
1.920
1.914
1.909
1.905
1.900
1.896
1.893
1.890
1.887
1.884
1.881
1.812

0.08
7.916
3.320
2.605
2.333
2.191
2.104
2.046
2.004
1.973
1.948
1.928
1.912
1.899
1.887
1.878
1.869
1.862
1.855
1.850
1.844
1.840
1.835
1.832
1.828
1.825
1.822
1.819
1.817
1.814
1.751

0.09
7.026
3.104
2.471
2.226
2.098
2.019
1.966
1.928
1.899
1.877
1.859
1.844
1.832
1.821
1.812
1.805
1.798
1.792
1.786
1.782
1.777
1.773
1.770
1.767
1.764
1.761
1.758
1.756
1.754
1.695

0.1
6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.645

0.15
4.165
2.282
1.924
1.778
1.699
1.650
1.617
1.592
1.574
1.559
1.548
1.538
1.530
1.523
1.517
1.512
1.508
1.504
1.500
1.497
1.494
1.492
1.489
1.487
1.485
1.483
1.482
1.480
1.479
1.440

0.2
3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.282

PHAN PHOI CHI BNH PHNG

P ( X 2n, ) = khi X 2 (n)

Hang 1 : Gia tr cua
Cot 1 : Gia tr o t do n.
Noi dung bang : Gia tr 2n, .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100

0.005
7.879
10.597
12.838
14.860
16.750
18.548
20.278
21.955
23.589
25.188
26.757
28.300
29.819
31.319
32.801
34.267
35.718
37.156
38.582
39.997
41.401
42.796
44.181
45.558
46.928
48.290
49.645
50.994
52.335
53.672
60.275
66.766
73.166
79.490
85.749
91.952
98.105
104.215
110.285
116.321
122.324
128.299
134.247
140.170

0.01
6.635
9.210
11.345
13.277
15.086
16.812
18.475
20.090
21.666
23.209
24.725
26.217
27.688
29.141
30.578
32.000
33.409
34.805
36.191
37.566
38.932
40.289
41.638
42.980
44.314
45.642
46.963
48.278
49.588
50.892
57.342
63.691
69.957
76.154
82.292
88.379
94.422
100.425
106.393
112.329
118.236
124.116
129.973
135.807

0.015
5.916
8.399
10.465
12.339
14.098
15.777
17.398
18.974
20.512
22.021
23.503
24.963
26.403
27.827
29.235
30.629
32.011
33.382
34.742
36.093
37.434
38.768
40.094
41.413
42.725
44.031
45.331
46.626
47.915
49.199
55.553
61.812
67.994
74.111
80.173
86.188
92.161
98.098
104.001
109.874
115.720
121.542
127.341
133.120

0.02
5.412
7.824
9.837
11.668
13.388
15.033
16.622
18.168
19.679
21.161
22.618
24.054
25.471
26.873
28.259
29.633
30.995
32.346
33.687
35.020
36.343
37.659
38.968
40.270
41.566
42.856
44.140
45.419
46.693
47.962
54.244
60.436
66.555
72.613
78.619
84.580
90.501
96.387
102.243
108.069
113.871
119.648
125.405
131.142

0.025
5.024
7.378
9.348
11.143
12.832
14.449
16.013
17.535
19.023
20.483
21.920
23.337
24.736
26.119
27.488
28.845
30.191
31.526
32.852
34.170
35.479
36.781
38.076
39.364
40.646
41.923
43.195
44.461
45.722
46.979
53.203
59.342
65.410
71.420
77.380
83.298
89.177
95.023
100.839
106.629
112.393
118.136
123.858
129.561

2n,

0.03
4.709
7.013
8.947
10.712
12.375
13.968
15.509
17.011
18.480
19.922
21.342
22.742
24.125
25.493
26.848
28.191
29.523
30.845
32.158
33.462
34.759
36.049
37.332
38.609
39.880
41.146
42.407
43.662
44.913
46.160
52.335
58.428
64.454
70.423
76.345
82.225
88.069
93.881
99.665
105.422
111.156
116.869
122.562
128.237

96

0.05
3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.070
12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307
19.675
21.026
22.362
23.685
24.996
26.296
27.587
28.869
30.144
31.410
32.671
33.924
35.172
36.415
37.652
38.885
40.113
41.337
42.557
43.773
49.802
55.758
61.656
67.505
73.311
79.082
84.821
90.531
96.217
101.879
107.522
113.145
118.752
124.342

0.95
0.004
0.103
0.352
0.711
1.145
1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325
3.940
4.575
5.226
5.892
6.571
7.261
7.962
8.672
9.390
10.117
10.851
11.591
12.338
13.091
13.848
14.611
15.379
16.151
16.928
17.708
18.493
22.465
26.509
30.612
34.764
38.958
43.188
47.450
51.739
56.054
60.391
64.749
69.126
73.520
77.929

0.975
0.001
0.051
0.216
0.484
0.831
1.237
1.690
2.180
2.700
3.247
3.816
4.404
5.009
5.629
6.262
6.908
7.564
8.231
8.907
9.591
10.283
10.982
11.689
12.401
13.120
13.844
14.573
15.308
16.047
16.791
20.569
24.433
28.366
32.357
36.398
40.482
44.603
48.758
52.942
57.153
61.389
65.647
69.925
74.222

0.98
0.001
0.040
0.185
0.429
0.752
1.134
1.564
2.032
2.532
3.059
3.609
4.178
4.765
5.368
5.985
6.614
7.255
7.906
8.567
9.237
9.915
10.600
11.293
11.992
12.697
13.409
14.125
14.847
15.574
16.306
20.027
23.838
27.720
31.664
35.659
39.699
43.779
47.893
52.039
56.213
60.412
64.635
68.879
73.142

0.99
0.000
0.020
0.115
0.297
0.554
0.872
1.239
1.647
2.088
2.558
3.053
3.571
4.107
4.660
5.229
5.812
6.408
7.015
7.633
8.260
8.897
9.542
10.196
10.856
11.524
12.198
12.878
13.565
14.256
14.953
18.509
22.164
25.901
29.707
33.571
37.485
41.444
45.442
49.475
53.540
57.634
61.754
65.898
70.065

0.995
0.000
0.010
0.072
0.207
0.412
0.676
0.989
1.344
1.735
2.156
2.603
3.074
3.565
4.075
4.601
5.142
5.697
6.265
6.844
7.434
8.034
8.643
9.260
9.886
10.520
11.160
11.808
12.461
13.121
13.787
17.192
20.707
24.311
27.991
31.735
35.534
39.383
43.275
47.206
51.172
55.170
59.196
63.250
67.328

PHAN PHOI FISHER

P ( X f (n, m) ) = khi X F(n, m)

Hang 1 : Gia tr cua o t do (t so) n.

Cot 1 : Gia tr o t do (mau so) m.
Noi dung bang : Gia tr f (n, m) .

f( n, m)

Bang 1 : = 0.05
1

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

60

120

161

200

216

225

230

234

237

239

241

242

244

246

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

18.51

19

10.13 9.55

9.28

9.12

9.01

8.94

8.89

8.85

8.81

8.79

8.74

8.7

8.66

8.64

8.62

8.59

8.57

8.55

8.53

7.71

6.94

6.59

6.39

6.26

6.16

6.09

6.04

5.96

5.91

5.86

5.8

5.77

5.75

5.72

5.69

5.66

5.63

6.61

5.79

5.41

5.19

5.05

4.95

4.88

4.82

4.77

4.74

4.68

4.62

4.56

4.53

4.5

4.46

4.43

4.4

4.37

5.99

5.14

4.76

4.53

4.39

4.28

4.21

4.15

4.1

4.06

3.94

3.87

3.84

3.81

3.77

3.74

3.7

3.67

5.59

4.74

4.35

4.12

3.97

3.87

3.79

3.73

3.68

3.64

3.57

3.51

3.44

3.41

3.38

3.34

3.3

3.27

3.23

5.32

4.46

4.07

3.84

3.69

3.58

3.5

3.44

3.39

3.35

3.28

3.22

3.15

3.12

3.08

3.04

3.01

2.97

2.93

5.12

4.26

3.86

3.63

3.48

3.37

3.29

3.23

3.18

3.14

3.07

3.01

2.94

2.9

2.86

2.83

2.79

2.75

2.71

10

4.96

4.1

3.71

3.48

3.33

3.22

3.14

3.07

3.02

2.98

2.91

2.85

2.77

2.74

2.7

2.66

2.62

2.58

2.54

11

4.84

3.98

3.59

3.36

3.2

3.09

3.01

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.79

2.72

2.65

2.61

2.57

2.53

2.49

2.45

2.4

12

4.75

3.89

3.49

3.26

3.11

2.91

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.69

2.62

2.54

2.51

2.47

2.43

2.38

2.34

2.3

13

4.67

3.81

3.41

3.18

3.03

2.92

2.83

2.77

2.71

2.67

2.6

2.53

2.46

2.42

2.38

2.34

2.3

2.25

2.21

14

4.6

3.74

3.34

3.11

2.96

2.85

2.76

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.53

2.46

2.39

2.35

2.31

2.27

2.22

2.18

2.13

15

4.54

3.68

3.29

3.06

2.9

2.79

2.71

2.64

2.59

2.54

2.48

2.4

2.33

2.29

2.25

2.2

2.16

2.11

2.07

16

4.49

3.63

3.24

3.01

2.85

2.74

2.66

2.59

2.54

2.49

2.42

2.35

2.28

2.24

2.19

2.15

2.11

2.06

2.01

17

4.45

3.59

3.2

2.96

2.81

2.7

2.61

2.55

2.49

2.45

2.38

2.31

2.23

2.19

2.15

2.1

2.06

2.01

1.96

18

4.41

3.55

3.16

2.93

2.77

2.66

2.58

2.51

2.46

2.41

2.34

2.27

2.19

2.15

2.11

2.06

2.02

1.97

1.92

19

4.38

3.52

3.13

2.9

2.74

2.63

2.54

2.48

2.42

2.38

2.31

2.23

2.16

2.11

2.07

2.03

1.98

1.93

1.88

20

4.35

3.49

3.1

2.87

2.71

2.6

2.51

2.45

2.39

2.35

2.28

2.2

2.12

2.08

2.04

1.99

1.95

1.9

1.84

21

4.32

3.47

3.07

2.84

2.68

2.57

2.49

2.42

2.37

2.32

2.25

2.18

2.1

2.05

2.01

1.96

1.92

1.87

1.81

22

4.3

3.44

3.05

2.82

2.66

2.55

2.46

2.4

2.34

2.3

2.23

2.15

2.07

2.03

1.98

1.94

1.89

1.84

1.78

23

4.28

3.42

3.03

2.8

2.64

2.53

2.44

2.37

2.32

2.27

2.2

2.13

2.05

2.01

1.96

1.91

1.86

1.81

1.76

24

4.26

3.4

3.01

2.78

2.62

2.51

2.42

2.36

2.3

2.25

2.18

2.11

2.03

1.98

1.94

1.89

1.84

1.79

1.73

25

4.24

3.39

2.99

2.76

2.6

2.49

2.4

2.34

2.28

2.24

2.16

2.09

2.01

1.96

1.92

1.87

1.82

1.77

1.71

30

4.17

3.32

2.92

2.69

2.53

2.42

2.33

2.27

2.21

2.16

2.09

2.01

1.93

1.89

1.84

1.79

1.74

1.68

1.62

40

4.08

3.23

2.84

2.61

2.45

2.34

2.25

2.18

2.12

2.08

1.92

1.84

1.79

1.74

1.69

1.64

1.58

1.51

60

3.15

2.76

2.53

2.37

2.25

2.17

2.1

2.04

1.99

1.92

1.84

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.59

1.53

1.47

1.39

120

3.92

3.07

2.68

2.45

2.29

2.18

2.09

2.02

1.96

1.91

1.83

1.75

1.66

1.61

1.55

1.5

1.43

1.35

1.25

3.84

2.6

2.37

2.21

2.1

2.01

1.94

1.88

1.83

1.75

1.67

1.57

1.52

1.46

1.39

1.32

1.22

19.16 19.25 19.3 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.4 19.41 19.43 19.45 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.5

97

PHAN PHOI FISHER

P ( X f (n, m) ) = khi X F(n, m)

Hang 1 : Gia tr cua o t do (t so) n.

Cot 1 : Gia tr o t do (mau so) m.
Noi dung bang : Gia tr f (n, m) .

f( n, m)

Bang 2 : = 0.01
1

10

12

15

20

24

30

40

60

120

4052 4999 5404 5624 5764 5859 5928 5981 6022 6056 6107 6157 6209 6234 6260 6286 6313 6340 6366

98.50 99.00 99.16 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.38 99.39 99.40 99.42 99.43 99.45 99.46 99.47 99.48 99.48 99.49 99.5

34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.34 27.23 27.05 26.87 26.69 26.60 26.50 26.41 26.32 26.22 26.1

21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.37 14.20 14.02 13.93 13.84 13.75 13.65 13.56 13.5

16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.89

9.72

9.55

9.47

9.38

9.29

9.20

9.11 9.02

13.75 10.92 9.78

9.15

8.75

8.47

8.26

8.10

7.98

7.87

7.72

7.56

7.40

7.31

7.23

7.14

7.06

6.97 6.88

12.25 9.55

8.45

7.85

7.46

7.19

6.99

6.84

6.72

6.62

6.47

6.31

6.16

6.07

5.99

5.91

5.82

5.74 5.65

11.26 8.65

7.59

7.01

6.63

6.37

6.18

6.03

5.91

5.81

5.67

5.52

5.36

5.28

5.20

5.12

5.03

4.95 4.86

10.56 8.02

6.99

6.42

6.06

5.80

5.61

5.47

5.35

5.26

5.11

4.96

4.81

4.73

4.65

4.57

4.48

4.40 4.31

10 10.04 7.56

6.55

5.99

5.64

5.39

5.20

5.06

4.94

4.85

4.71

4.56

4.41

4.33

4.25

4.17

4.08

4.00 3.91

11

9.65

7.21

6.22

5.67

5.32

5.07

4.89

4.74

4.63

4.54

4.40

4.25

4.10

4.02

3.94

3.86

3.78

3.69

12

9.33

6.93

5.95

5.41

5.06

4.82

4.64

4.50

4.39

4.30

4.16

4.01

3.86

3.78

3.70

3.62

3.54

3.45 3.36

13

9.07

6.70

5.74

5.21

4.86

4.62

4.44

4.30

4.19

4.10

3.96

3.82

3.66

3.59

3.51

3.43

3.34

3.25 3.17

14

8.86

6.51

5.56

5.04

4.69

4.46

4.28

4.14

4.03

3.94

3.80

3.66

3.51

3.43

3.35

3.27

3.18

3.09

15

8.68

6.36

5.42

4.89

4.56

4.32

4.14

4.00

3.89

3.80

3.67

3.52

3.37

3.29

3.21

3.13

3.05

2.96 2.87

16

8.53

6.23

5.29

4.77

4.44

4.20

4.03

3.89

3.78

3.69

3.55

3.41

3.26

3.18

3.10

3.02

2.93

2.84 2.75

17

8.40

6.11

5.19

4.67

4.34

4.10

3.93

3.79

3.68

3.59

3.46

3.31

3.16

3.08

3.00

2.92

2.83

2.75 2.65

18

8.29

6.01

5.09

4.58

4.25

4.01

3.84

3.71

3.60

3.51

3.37

3.23

3.08

3.00

2.92

2.84

2.75

2.66 2.57

19

8.18

5.93

5.01

4.50

4.17

3.94

3.77

3.63

3.52

3.43

3.30

3.15

3.00

2.92

2.84

2.76

2.67

2.58 2.49

20

8.10

5.85

4.94

4.43

4.10

3.87

3.70

3.56

3.46

3.37

3.23

3.09

2.94

2.86

2.78

2.69

2.61

2.52 2.42

21

8.02

5.78

4.87

4.37

4.04

3.81

3.64

3.51

3.40

3.31

3.17

3.03

2.88

2.80

2.72

2.64

2.55

2.46 2.36

22

7.95

5.72

4.82

4.31

3.99

3.76

3.59

3.45

3.35

3.26

3.12

2.98

2.83

2.75

2.67

2.58

2.50

2.40 2.31

23

7.88

5.66

4.76

4.26

3.94

3.71

3.54

3.41

3.30

3.21

3.07

2.93

2.78

2.70

2.62

2.54

2.45

2.35 2.26

24

7.82

5.61

4.72

4.22

3.90

3.67

3.50

3.36

3.26

3.17

3.03

2.89

2.74

2.66

2.58

2.49

2.40

2.31 2.21

25

7.77

5.57

4.68

4.18

3.85

3.63

3.46

3.32

3.22

3.13

2.99

2.85

2.70

2.62

2.54

2.45

2.36

2.27 2.17

30

7.56

5.39

4.51

4.02

3.70

3.47

3.30

3.17

3.07

2.98

2.84

2.70

2.55

2.47

2.39

2.30

2.21

2.11 2.01

40

7.31

5.18

4.31

3.83

3.51

3.29

3.12

2.99

2.89

2.80

2.66

2.52

2.37

2.29

2.20

2.11

2.02

1.92

1.8

60

7.08

4.98

4.13

3.65

3.34

3.12

2.95

2.82

2.72

2.63

2.50

2.35

2.20

2.12

2.03

1.94

1.84

1.73

1.6

120 6.85

4.79

3.95

3.48

3.17

2.96

2.79

2.66

2.56

2.47

2.34

2.19

2.03

1.95

1.86

1.76

1.66

1.53 1.38

4.61

3.78

3.32

3.02

2.80

2.64

2.51

2.41

2.32

2.18

2.04

1.88

1.79

1.70

1.59

1.47

1.32 1.00

6.63

98

3.6