TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN IN T VIN THNG

---------------------------

TI : TRUYN TEXT S DNG GIAO THC SIP

GVHD
Sinh vin
Mai Vn Quyt
Trn Vn Tm
Nguyn Vn Chng

TS.Nguyn Ti Hng
MSSV
Lp
20102057
TVT6
20102124
TVT6
20101177
TVT6

Kha
55
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55

PHN I. GII THIU SIP

1.SIP
SIP l vit tt ca cm t Session Initiation Protocal, l mt giao thc truyn tn hiu
tng ng dng (application-level) v c nh ngha bi IETF. SIP c s dng to v qun l cc
session thng qua mng IP. Thut ng Session l mt phin lm vic trong qu trnh trao i media
(voice, video,.).
SIP lm vic cng vi mt vi cc giao thc khc trong tng ng dng nhn dng v truyn
session media. S nhn dng v tha thun v media c thc hin vi Session Description Protocol
(SDP). i vi vic truyn cc media stream (voice, video), SIP s dng Real-time Transport Protocol
(RTP) hay Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP). Cn bo mt trong qu trnh truyn cc thng
ip th c m ha bi Transport Layer Security (TLS).
SDP c s dng miu t v cc media session nhm mc ch thng bo, mi gi v tha
thun tham s dnh cho 1 session. Do , to ra mt session, mt SIP message lun mang theo SDP
m cho php cc bn tham gia ng thit lp mt vi cc thng s cn thit trao i media, cng nh
loi media, a ch truyn ti,
2.SIP Addressing (a ch ca SIP)
Trong SIP, mi ngi s dng u c 1 SIP URI tng ng , c gi l a ch ca SIP. C
dng nh sau:
sip:username:
sip:username:password@host:port
Trong :
- Mi a ch SIP URI, u tin bt buc phi c b ng sip: .
- Phn ngi dng, gm c username v password, phn ny khng bt buc phi c.
- Phn host, l a ch bt buc phi khai bo c th trao i media session
V d : sip:khang.dang@ocean.com, sip:khang:34632@112.167.4.9:2008, sip:43.67.23.12, ....
3. Cc thnh phn ca SIP
Cc thnh phn ca SIP bao gm :
- User Agents (UAs)
- Registras
- Proxies
- Back-to-Back User Agents (B2BUSs)
a.User Agents
Mt SIP User Agent (UA) bao gm 2 thnh phn : User Agent Client (UAC) v User Agent Server
(UAS).
- Nhim v ca UAC : to ra cc SIP request (yu cu) gi cho UAS v thu nhn cc response (phn hi)
c gi t UAS .
- Nhim v ca UAS : nhn cc SIP request c gi t UAC v to ra cc response gi cho UAC.

Lu : SIP c lp vi media session. SIP khng dnh lu vi bt c loi media session no m cn c

thc hin. V d, nu bn mun tng cng 1 tnh nng no cho media th bn phi b sung thnh phn
v tch hp n vi user interface, cn chnh SIP User Agent vn khng thay i.
SIP UA l b phn quan trng ca 1 ng dng v truyn media. SIP UA c thc hin trong
nhiu cch khc nhau, c th l:
- Mt phn mm chy trn PC.
- Mt ng dng trn mobile phone.
- Mt trng thi no trong network server : gi phn hi t ng khi c yu cu, t ng gi
media chc mng sinh nht,.
b. Registrar
Registrar l mt server m chp nhn cc registration request (cc yu cu c ng k) t cc
UA. UA cung cp v tr hin ti ca n vi 1 SIP Message truyn n Registrar Server. 1 SIP UA cn c
ng k trc khi n c th nhn cuc gi. Khi registrar nhn registration request, n a nhng thng tin
m n nhn c vo trong 1 c s d liu c gi l Location Service.
Tc l, Registrar l 1 SIP endpoint m nhn cc registration request v a cc thng tin n nhn
c trong request ny vo location service x l.
c.Location Service
Location Service l mt c s d liu m cha mt tp danh sch nh x gia Adresses of Record
(AORs a ch cng khai dnh cng UA) v Contact Addresses (a ch xc nh tn domain cng nh
v tr ca ngi dng).
Khi Registrar nhn mt registration request t mt UA, registrar s a thng tin n nhn c
vo Location Service. Location service cng c lin h vi Proxy Servcers ch ra domain chnh xc
ly v thng tin v tr c th thc hin c cuc gi n ngi dng.
V d:
Address of Record
Sip:khangdang@niit.com
Sip:alice@ocean.com

Contact Address
Sip:khangdang@212.33.34.2
Sip:alice@217.22.45.1
.

d.Proxy Server
* Chc nng ca Proxy Server trong Internet
Mt s hng v cng ty s dng proxy vi mc ch: Gip nhiu my tnh truy cp Internet thng
qua mt my tnh vi ti khon truy cp nht nh, my tnh ny c gi l Proxy server. Ch duy nht
my Proxy ny cn modem v account truy cp internet, cc my client (cc my trc thuc) mun truy
cp internet qua my ny ch cn ni mng LAN ti my Proxy v truy cp a ch yu cu. Nhng yu cu
ca ngi s dng s qua trung gian proxy server thay th cho server tht s m ngi s dng cn giao
tip, ti im trung gian ny cng ty kim sot c mi giao tip t trong cng ty ra ngoi internet v t
internet vo my ca cng ty. S dng Proxy, cng ty c th cm nhn vin truy cp nhng a ch web
khng cho php, ci thin tc truy cp nh s lu tr cc b cc trang web trong b nh ca proxy server
v giu nh danh a ch ca mng ni b gy kh khn cho vic thm nhp t bn ngoi vo cc my ca
cng ty.
i vi cc nh cung cp dch v ng truyn internet: Do internet c nhiu lng thng tin m
theo quan im ca tng quc gia, tng chng tc hay a phng m cc nh cung cp dch v internet
khu vc s phi hp s dng proxy vi k thut tng la to ra mt b lc gi l firewall proxy
nhm ngn chn cc thng tin c hi hoc tri thun phong m tc i vi quc gia, chng tc hay a
phng . a ch cc website m khch hng yu cu truy cp s c lc ti b lc ny, nu a ch
khng b cm th yu cu ca khch hng tip tc c gi i, ti cc DNS server ca cc nh cung cp
dch v. Firewall proxy s lc tt c cc thng tin t internet gi vo my ca khch hng v ngc li.
* Chc nng ca Proxy Server trong SIP
Tng t nh chc nng ca Proxy Server trong Internet, Proxy Server trong SIP l mt thc th
trung gian, vai tr chnh ca proxy l nh tuyn, ngha l bo m mt request c gi i n ngi dng.

Proxy Server c th c dng kim tra, thng k, tm ng truyn k tip, chnh sch bt buc no
,.
C nhiu loi Proxy khc nhau trong SIP, nhng 2 loi Proxy thng c nhc n l : outbound
proxy v inbound proxy.
+ Outbound Proxy : Outbound Proxy gip cc UA nh tuyn cc request i ra t cc UA.
Cc UA thng c cu hnh truyn cc request ca n n mt outbound proxy.
+ Inbound Proxy : gip nh tuyn cc request i ra t proxy ny trc tip n UA yu cu. Khi
1 inbound proxy nhn mt request yu cu gi n 1 user, inbound proxy s gi n Location Service
xc nh contact address ca user , sau gi trc tip n user.

e. Forking
Forking ca SIP request c ngha l nhiu session media c th c thc hin t 1 request duy
nht. y l 1 tnh nng mnh m ca SIP.
Vi SIP Forking, bn c th ng k 1 Address of Record m c nhiu Contact Adress trong
location service.
V d:
Address of Record
Sip: john@ocean.com
Sip: john@ocean.com
Sip: john@ocean.com
..

Contact Address
Sip:john@214.25.100.2
Sip:john@198.77.51.2
Sip: john@230.2.47.5

Khi c 1 request gi n inbound proxy thc hin cuc gi n John, th proxy ny tm thy
cc v tr khc nhau ny v a ra 1 thut ton c gng lin lc vi John cc v tr khc nhau. C 2
thut ton c s dng :
+Sequential search (tm tun t) : proxy c gng tm ln lt tng v tr, v tr ny xong n v tr
khc.

+Parallel search (tm song song) : proxy s tm tt c cc v tr cng lc.

f.Redirect Server
Redirect Server l UAS m nhn cc request t User Agent Clients v t ng to ra cc
responses gi n UAC. Cc reponses ny lun lun hng dn UAC to ra request lin lc vi 1 tp cc
a ch thay th.

g. Back-to-Back User Agents (B2BUA)

Mt B2BUA l mt thc th vt l (l mt server), nhn 1 request, sau tnh ton li request

v gi n i di dng 1 request mi. Cc Response phn hi li request cng c tnh ton li v gi i
theo hng ngc li. N qun l t lc bt u cho n khi kt thc.
B2BUA c s dng cung cp nhng tnh nng nng cao, v d dch v nc danh, n thng
tin ngi gi.

PHN 2 : CCH HOT NG CA GIAO THC SIP

I. M hnh hot ng ca SIP:
SIP hot ng da trn s trao i cc SIP Messages. SIP Message gm 2 phn l SIP Request
v SIP Response. 1 SIP Request cng vi tt c SIP Response kt hp vi n c gi l 1 transaction.
Cng tng t nh HTTP, khi bn kt ni 1 web site, trnh duyt ca bn gi i 1 HTTP request bao gm
a ch ca trang web m bn mun nhn thy. Server cha website nhn c request v to ra 1
response bao gm ni dung ca trang web v hin th trn trnh duyt.
SIP requests bt u t 1 User Agent Client (UAC) n 1 User Agent Server (UAS), SIP
responses cng tng t nhng theo cch ngc li t UAS n UAC.

1.SIP Responses
1 Response l 1 m trng thi c 3 ch s. S u tin nh ngha loi response, s u tin l 1
l provisonal response, cc s khc c gi chung l final response.
Gi tr
1xx
2xx
3xx

ngha
Provisional
Success
Redirection

Miu t
Request nhn c. Tip tc x l request
Request c x l thnh cng.
Redirection c gi i khi 1 session c chuyn n 1 a ch
khc.
4xx
Client Error
Reuqest cha c php li v khng c x l pha server.
5xx
Server Error
Server b li khng x l c cc request hp l.
6xx
Global Failure
Request khng c x l bt c server no.
Ch x i din cho 1 con s no t 0-> 9. V d : 100, 202,301,
Khng ging nh HTTP, trong SIP, 1 request c nhiu response. Bt k request no cng phi c
t nht 1 final repsonse v c th c nhiu provisional responses.

2.SIP Requests
C 6 loi SIP Request thng dng : REGISTER, INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, BYE, OPTIONS.
a.REGISTER
Register request c s dng bi 1 User Agent thc hin th tc ng k. UAC xy dng
mt Register request bao gm cc thng tin sau:
- Address of Record (AOR) c biu din di dng 1 SIP URI trong trng u
To.
V d :
To : sip:john@ocean.com
To: John Wales <sip:john@ocean.com>
- V tr ca ngi dng (Contact Address) c biu din di dng 1 SIP URI trong trng
u Contact.
V d:
Contact: Sip:john@214.25.100.2
Contact: John Wales < Sip:john@214.25.100.2>
V d : John Wales mun ng k thc hin trao i media. John phi cung cp a ch v tr
ca mnh v gi n registrar server ng k. a ch ca Registrar server cng c biu din di
dng SIP URI nh sip:registrar.university.com.vn

Trong m hnh trn Registrar kt hp vi location service trn cng 1 server. Khi ng k thnh
cng 1 response phn hi m trng thi 200 OK.
S lu tr trn Location Server c thi gian tn ti nht nh, nu bn mun c lu tr theo
mun bn s dng trng tiu Expires trong Request Register. Trng Expires c s dng trong tt
c cc Request ch ra khong thi gian m request hay message content l hp l.
V d:

Expires : 60 (k t lc ng k n 60 giy)
Expires: 15 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT (hn dng l 15 thng 9 nm 2013)

b.INVITE
Mt UAC to ra 1 INVITE Request khi to 1 session vi mt UAS. Request ny c th
c gi trc tip t UAC n UAS hay phi qua 1 hay nhiu proxy m gip nh tuyn request ny.
Mt khi UAS nhn c request, n to ra mt vi provision response thng bo tuyn trnh
ca cuc gi. V d, reponse c m trng thi 180 ch ra ang thng bo cho bn c gi. Nu bn c
gi nhn c, 1 final response c m trng thi 200 OK c to ra v phn hi n ngi gi.
Lu , SIP ch truyn tn hiu gia bn gi v bn c gi, cn vic trao i media stream
l nhim v ca Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) v Sesson Description Protocol (SDP) cc bn
ng qu lo lng, RTP v SDP khng qu kh hiu, chng ta s tm hiu n trong nhng chng sau. SIP
Request s dnh km theo SDP, SDP ny c gi l SDP offer. V d, bn mun trao i voice hay
video, bn gi v bn c gi phi c cng codecs, bn gi v bn c gi cng phi cung cp a ch
IP, Port trao i media stream. Codec, IP, Port c miu t trong SDP, sau RTP c trch nhim
truyn cc media stream.
V d, Alice mun thc hin voice chat n John, cc thng s c km theo trong SDP:
- Media types : voice.
- Codec : Adaptive Multirate AMR, Pulse Code Modulation -PCM
-IP v Port ca Alice thc hin voice : 23.17.32.16:4000.
1 final response 200 OK c phn hi nu John nhn c thnh cng, trong response ny cng
cha 1 SDP ca John, SDP ny c gi l SDP anwser bao gm cc thng s sau:
- Media types : voice
- Codec : PCM (John khng c AMR)
- IP v Port ca John thc hin voice l : 45.23.2.5:3000.

Mt INVITE request cng c th c gi i khi mt cuc i thoi ang c thc hin, trong
trng hp ny bn c th xem INVITE request mi ny l 1 re-INVITE. Thng thng re-INVITE c
s dng chnh sa hay b sung cc thng s ca 1 session ang tn ti. V d, Alice ang voice chat
vi John, trong lc ny Alice mun John m webcam thy mt nhau. Trong trng hp ny, Alice phi
gi 1 INVITE mi trong mt cuc i thoi ang tn ti b sung vo SDP thnh phn video. SDP thay
i nh sau :
- Media types : voice v video
- codecs dnh cho voice : AMR
- codecs dnh cho video : H.261
- IP v Port ca Alice thc hin voice : 23.17.32.16:4000.
- IP v Port ca Alice thc hin video : 23.17.32.16:4001.
c. ACK
ACK Request c s dng xc nhn rng UAC nhn c final response t 1 INVITE
request. Tc l, sau khi UAC nhn c final response, n s t to ra 1 request khc thng bo vi
UAS rng UAC nhn c final response, request ny c gi l ACK.

d.CANCEL
1 UAC to ra 1 CANCEL request hy b 1 request ang ch x l. V d, Alice gi John, v
th UA ca Alice to ra 1 INVITE requset. Khi INVITE c nhn bi UA ca John, n gi 180
provisional response v bt u thng bo n John. John khng tip nhn cuc gi ny trong khi Alice
vn ch v Alice quyt nh gc my. gc my, Alice gi 1 CANCEL request n John. Khi
CANCEL request ny c tip nhn bi UA ca John, UA s dng chung bo v cuc gi c hy
b. UA ca John to ra 2 response phn hi CANCEL request : 200 OK response (dnh cho CANCEL
request) v 487 Request terminated response (dnh cho INVITE request).

e.BYE
BYE Request c s dng kt thc 1 media session ang c thc hin. BYE Ch c
gi bi cc UA ang tham gia trong media session. V d, Alice v John ang thc hin voice chat vi
nhau, mt lc sau Alice (hoc John) mun kt thc ,c y gi 1 BYE Request kt thc cuc tr cuc
ny.

f.Options
OPTIONS Request c s dng truy vn v tnh nng thc hin session media ca 1 UA
hay Server , ng thi khm ph nhng tnh nng c sn ca n. OPTIONS c s dng khi tm hiu
cc thng tin v phng thc h tr, codec,.

PHN 3 : KT QU SIMULATIONS