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Lucian Toma Powertech2013 v2
Lucian Toma Powertech2013 v2
microgrid
Lucian TOMA, Mircea EREMIA
Dorin BIC
I.
VPP
Control
Distribution
Grid
Metering &
Control
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
Figure 3. The cogeneration power plant: a. the gas engines; b. the boilers.
Cable 2
Substation 2
110 kV / 10 kV
PolyGrid
Substation
Cable 1
20
15
10
@11:20
@10:10
@09:00
@07:50
@06:40
@05:30
@04:20
@03:10
@02:00
@12:50
@11:40
@10:30
@09:20
@08:10
@07:00
@05:50
@04:40
@03:30
@02:20
@12:00
@01:10
PV power plant
Substation 1
110 kV / 10 kV
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
February
26, 2009
February
21, 2009
February
16, 2009
February
11, 2009
February
6, 2009
February
1, 2009
0:00
23:00
2/3/2009 0:00
21:00
22:00
2/2/2009 21:36
19:00
20:00
2/2/2009 19:12
18:00
17:00
16:00
2/2/2009 14:24
2/2/2009 12:00
2/2/2009 9:36
2/2/2009 16:48
14:00
15:00
12:00
13:00
11:00
10:00
9:00
7:00
6:00
2/2/2009 7:12
5:00
4:00
2/2/2009 4:48
3:00
2:00
2/2/2009 2:24
1:00
0:00
2/2/2009 0:00
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
8:00
June 25,
2009
June 20,
2009
June 10,
2009
June 15,
2009
0
June 5,
2009
1.2
May 31,
2009
V.
0:00
22:00
23:00
21:00
19:00
20:00
17:00
18:00
15:00
14:00
13:00
12:00
10:00
7:00
6:00
5:00
4:00
2:00
3:00
0:00
1:00
0.6
16:00
8:00
1
0.8
9:00
1.2
11:00
1.4
0.4
0.2
IV.
MAX Benefit
6/2/09
0:00
6/1/09
21:36
6/1/09
19:12
6/1/09
16:48
6/1/09
14:24
6/1/09
12:00
6/1/09
9:36
6/1/09
7:12
6/1/09
4:48
6/1/09
2:24
6/1/09
0:00
where
Benefit Incomes Costs
Incomes
EDAM ,t
(1)
is the energy traded by the VPP for the Day-Ahead
cDAM ,t
24
24
24
24
t 1
t 1
t 1
t 1
interval t, in m.u./kWh;
EBC ,t
cBC ,t
EL VPP ,t
in m.u./kWh;
the energy provided to the costumers that are part
Rg ,t
creg
cVPP
24
Costs Cg ,t
t 1
where:
is the total cost of the energy generated by all n DG
Cg ,t
units in the dispatching interval t, in m.u., with
Cg ,t E g ,i ,t cg ,i I i ,t
Eload , r ,t Eload ,t RL ,t
Pg ,i ,min Pg ,i ,t I i ,t Pg ,i ,max
i 1
Eg ,i ,t
cg ,i
I i ,t
Rg ,t Rg ,i ,t I i ,t
i 1
where Pg ,i ,min and Pg ,i ,max are the minimum and the maximum
capability limits, respectively.
However, if the distributed generator i is taken into
account when building up the power reserve, the total amount
of the generated power and the power reserve is subject to the
generation capability constraints, i.e.:
Pg ,i ,min Pg ,i ,t I i ,t Rg ,i ,t I i ,t Pg ,i ,max
0 RL ,t EL VPP ,t
STUDY CASE
Cost
m.u./kWh
4.5
3.0
8.0
4.1
DG1
Generation [kW]
2000
E load + R g
1500
E BC
500
Rg
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Hour
DG1
1000
800
600
1400
400
1200
200
1000
DG2
DG3
DG4
2
800
E L-VPP
1000
Generation [kW]
VI.
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Hour
600
DG2
400
DG3
DG4
200
0
2
10
12
14
16
18
Hour
20
22
24
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
Incomes
Economics [m.u./h]
10000
[3]
8000
Expenses
6000
4000
[4]
Profit
2000
[5]
2
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Hour
[6]
[7]
[9]
VII. CONCLUSIONS
In a microgrid where the consumers may own distributed
generators, aggregation of all DG units for establishing the
market strategy may minimize the total costs. From technical
point of view, aggregated behavior of DG units can help the
supplier to balance its own contracts (portfolio) achieving a
balance between the generated powers and the load demand,
avoiding penalties that may be caused by imbalances.
[8]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The work has been co-funded by the Sectoral Operational
Programme Human Resources Development 2007-2013 of the
Romanian Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection
through the Financial Agreement POSDRU/89/1.5/S/62557
and by the project no. PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0693 developed
through CNCS.
[14]