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Huong Dan SD Spss
Huong Dan SD Spss
HSPH
Mc Lc
1
2
3
BI 1 Tng quan......................................................................................................................................1
1.1
Cc ca s trong SPSS ........................................................................................................................1
1.2
Thanh menu {Menu}..........................................................................................................................2
1.3
Thanh cng c {Toolbars}..................................................................................................................2
1.4
Thanh tnh trng {Status Bar}.............................................................................................................3
1.5
Hp thoi {Dialogue box} ..................................................................................................................3
1.5.1
Tn bin v nhn bin trong cc danh sch ca hp thoi............................................................4
1.5.2
Cc nt trong hp thoi .................................................................................................................5
1.5.3
Hp thoi ph ................................................................................................................................5
1.5.4
La chn bin ................................................................................................................................6
BI 2: M Cc tp tin d liu ....................................................................................................................9
2.1
Khi ng SPSS ..................................................................................................................................9
2.2
M mt file.......................................................................................................................................10
BI 3: Ca s Data Editor .......................................................................................................................13
3.1
Data View.........................................................................................................................................13
3.2
Variable View...................................................................................................................................14
3.2.1
Tn bin .......................................................................................................................................15
3.2.2
Cc thang o................................................................................................................................16
3.2.3
Loi bin ......................................................................................................................................16
3.2.4
Nhn bin {Variable Labels}.......................................................................................................17
3.2.5
Nhn tr s ca bin {Value Labels} ...........................................................................................17
3.2.6
Tr s khuyt thiu {Missing Value} ............................................................................................18
3.3
Nhp d liu .....................................................................................................................................19
3.4
Hiu nh d liu trong bng Data View ..........................................................................................21
3.4.1
Ct, sao chp v dn cc tr s ca d liu .................................................................................22
3.4.2
Chn thm cc i tng mi ......................................................................................................22
3.4.3
Chn mt bin mi.......................................................................................................................23
3.4.4
Thay i loi d liu ....................................................................................................................24
3.5
Tnh trng lc i tng trong Data Editor.......................................................................................24
Bi 4: Cc php bin i d liu .............................................................................................................25
4.1
Tnh ton bin {Compute Variable} .................................................................................................25
4.1.1
Tnh ton bin vi tu chn If Cases............................................................................................26
4.1.2
Type&Label {Loi v nhn bin} trong hp thoi Compute Variable .......................................27
4.2
m s ln xy ra ca cc tr s trong cc i tng .......................................................................27
4.3
MF ho li d liu .............................................................................................................................29
4.3.1
M ho li d liu ngay trong bin c sn (khng to thnh bin mi) ....................................29
4.3.2
M ho thnh bin khc ..............................................................................................................30
Bi 5: iu khin file v bin i file......................................................................................................33
5.1
Sp xp cc i tng .......................................................................................................................33
5.2
Chn cc i tng {Select Cases}...................................................................................................34
5.2.1
Select Cases: If ............................................................................................................................35
5.2.2
Select Cases: Random Sample .....................................................................................................36
5.2.3
Select Cases: Range .....................................................................................................................37
Bi 6: Lm vic vi kt xut ....................................................................................................................38
6.1
Ca s Viewer ..................................................................................................................................38
6.1.1
Th hin v du cc kt qu ........................................................................................................39
6.1.2
Di chuyn, sao chp v xo b cc kt qu..................................................................................40
Bi 8: Frequencies {Tn s} ....................................................................................................................41
7.1
Kt xut mu ....................................................................................................................................41
7.2
thu c cc tn s v cc thng k ............................................................................................43
7.2.1
Frequencies Statistics ..................................................................................................................43
7.2.2
Frequencies Charts......................................................................................................................44
Bi 7: Bng tr/xoay {pivot table} ..........................................................................................................46
8.1
Thao tc i vi mt bng tr...........................................................................................................46
8.2
Lm vic vi cc trang/lp {Layer}..................................................................................................50
Bi 1 Tng quan
SPSS for Windows cung cp mt h thng qun l d liu v phn tch thng k trong
mt mi trng ho, s dng cc trnh n m t {menu} v cc hp thoi {dialogue
box} n gin thc hin hu ht cc cng vic cho bn. Phn ln cc nhim v c th
c hon thnh ch bng cch r v nhp chut.
Bn cnh giao din r-nhp chut phn tch thng k, SPSS for Windows cung cp:
Data Editor {Ca s Hiu nh d liu}.
Cc kt qu ca bn s sinh ng vi cc
bng tr a chiu. Khm ph cc bng ca bn bng cch b tr li cc hng, cc ct, v
cc trang/lp {layer}. Bc l cc pht hin quan trng c th b mt trong cc bo co
tiu chun. So snh cc nhm d dng bng cch chia tch bng ca bn sao cho mi ln
ch c mt nhm c th hin.
Viewer.
Draft Viewer.
Chart Editor.
Script Editor.
Danh sch
bin ch
Cc nm
nhn cu
lnh
Cc nm
nhn hp
thoi ph
iu khin s th hin tn bin hay nhFn bin trong danh sch ca hp thoi, trong
Options trong menu Edit bt k loi ca s no ca SPSS.
nh ngha hoc chnh sa nhFn bin, hFy nhp p tn bin trong ca s Data
Editor v sau nhp Labels.
i vi nhFn bin qu di, ch con tr ln nhFn trong danh sch xem ton b nhFn
bin .
OK.
Paste.
Reset.
Cancel.
Help.
1.5.3 Hp thoi ph
Do hu ht cc th tc u cung cp mt s uyn chuyn ln, khng phi mi la chn
u c th c bao hm ch trong mt hp thoi. Hp thoi chnh bao gm cc thng tin
chn nhiu bin nm k nhau lin tc trong danh sch cc bin ngun, nhp vo
bin u tin v gi phm Shift v nhp vo bin cui cng.
chn cc bin khng nm k nhau lin tc (nm cch quFng) trong danh sch cc
bin ngun, hFy s dng phng php nhp+Ctrl. Chn bin u tin, sau gi
phm Ctrl v nhp bin tip theo, v c th tip tc cho n bin cui cng.
Hnh 1-8: Chn nhiu bin k tip nhau vi k thut Ctrl cng vi nhp chut
Bi 2: M Cc tp tin d liu
gip
Type in data: Nhp
d liu mi
Chy mt truy
vn d liu F c sn
Create new query using Database Wizard:
M file d
liu F c sn
(Ch : Hp thoi ny ch xut hin mt
ln khi bn khi ng SPSS)
2.2 M mt file
10
11
12
Bi 3: Ca s Data Editor
Ca s Data Editor cung cp mt phng php ging nh bng tnh, thun tin lp v
hiu nh cc file d liu. Ca s Data Editor t ng m khi bn bt u khi ng
SPSS.
Ca s Data Editor cung cp hai loi bng xem d liu:
Data view.
Variable view. Th hin cc thng tin nh ngha v bin, bao gm cc nhFn bin v nhFn
tr s bin c xc nh, loi d liu (v d nh dng chui, dng ngy thng, v dng
s), thang o (nh danh, nh hng, hoc t l), v cc tr s khuyt thiu do ngi
Rt nhiu thuc tnh ca Data View cng ging nh nhng g c tm thy trong cc
phn mm s dng bng tnh, (v d nh Excel). Tuy nhin cng c mt s s khc bit
quan trng:
13
Bng Variable View cha ng cc thng tin v cc thuc tnh ca tng bin trong file d
liu. Trong mt bng Data view:
14
Cc hng l cc bin.
Cc ct l cc thuc tnh ca bin
Bn c th b sung hoc xo cc bin v thay i thuc tnh ca cc bin, bao gm:
Tn bin {Name}
Loi d liu {Type}
S lng con s hoc ch {With}
S lng ch s thp phn {Decimals}
M t bin/nhFn bin {Lable} v nhFn tr s bin {Values}
Cc tr s khuyt thiu do ngi s dng thit lp {Missing}
rng ca ct {Width}
Cn l {Align}
Thang o {Measure}
th hin hoc nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca bin
15
di ca tn bin khng vt qu 8 k t.
Du cch v cc k t c bit (v d nh !, ?, , v *) khng c s dng
Tng tn bin phi n chic/duy nht; khng c php trng lp. Khng c dng
ch hoa t tn bin. Cc tn NEWVAR, NewVar, v newvar c xem l ging
nhau.
3.2.2 Cc thang o
16
17
18
Nu bn sao chp thuc tnh cho cc hng rng, cc bin mi c lp vi vi cc thuc tnh mc
nh cho tt c nhng khng phi mc nh cho nhng thuc tnh c chn.
Tn bin
hot ng
20
Thay i tr s ca d liu
xo tr s c v nhp mt tr s mi:
Trong bng Data View, nhp p vo . Tr s c th hin trong khoang hiu nh
d liu.
Hiu nh tr s trc tip t hoc trong khoang hiu nh d liu.
Nhn Enter (hoc chuyn sang khc) ghi tr s mi.
3.4.1 Ct, sao chp v dn cc tr s ca d liu
Bn c th ct, sao chp v dn cc tr s ca tng hoc mt nhm cc tr s trong Data
Editor. Bn c th:
22
Data
Insert Case
Chn bt k no trong bin bn phi ca (bng Data View) hoc di (ca bng
Variable View) v tr m bn mun chn bin mi vo.
T thanh menu chn
Data
Insert Variable
Nhp vo tn bin (trong bng Data View) hoc s hng (trong bng Variable View) ni
bn mun di chuyn bin n. Ton b bin ny s c m ni bt
T thanh menu chn
23
Edit
Paste
Cc i
tng b lc
(b loi tr)
24
Trong mt trng hp l tng, d liu ban u (th) ca bn l thch hp hon ton cho
loi phn tch m bn mun tin hnh, v mi quan h gia cc bin l hoc tuyn tnh
mt cch thch hp hoc gn nh trc giao. Rt ng tic y l trng hp rt him c.
Cc phn tch s b c th bc l cc trnh t mF ho bt tin hoc cc sai s do mF ho,
hoc bin i d liu c th b i hi b l mi quan h thc gia cc bin.
Bn c th thc hin cc php bin i t nhng nhim v n gin, chng hn nh thu
nh s nhm/t tin hnh phn tch, hoc phc tp hn nh to cc bin mi da trn
cc phng trnh phc tp v cc cu lnh/khai bo c iu kin
25
26
Cc bin c tnh ton c th l dng s hoc dng chui (ch ci kiu con s).
Cc bin dng chui khng th c ding trong cc php tnh ton.
Hnh 6-2: Hp thoi loi v nhn bin trong th tc Compute Variable
27
m s ln cc tr s xy ra trong cc i tng
28
4.3 MB ho li d liu
Bn c th bin i tr s d liu bng cch mF ho li chng
4.3.1 M ho li d liu ngay trong bin c sn (khng to thnh bin mi)
MF ho li d liu ngay trong bin c sn {Recode into Same Variable} gn li cc tr s
ca bin ang c hoc ct gim bt cc phm vi ca cc tr s ang c vo cc tr s mi
Bn c th mF ho cc bin dng s v dng chui. Nu bn chn nhiu bin, chng phi
c cng loi. Bn khng th mF ho cc bin dng chui v dng s cng vi nhau.
Hnh 6-7: Hp thoi Recode into Same Variables
Chn cc bin m bn mun mF ho, Nu bn chn nhiu bin, chng phi c cng dng
(chui hoc s)
Nhp vo Old and New Values v nh r cch mF ho li tr s.
Mt cch tu chn, bn c th chn mt nhm cc i tng mF ho
Hp thoi If Cases xc nh mt nhm cc i tng cng ging nh F c m t
trong mc tnh ton bin {Compute Variable}
Hp thoi Recode into Same Values: Old and NewValues
29
New Value.
Old->New.
Chn cc bin m bn mun mF ho, Nu bn chn nhiu bin, chng phi c cng dng
(chui hoc s)
Nhp mt tn bin mi cho tng bin v nhp Change.
Nhp Old and New Values v nh r cch mF ho li tr s.
Mt cch tu chn, bn c th chn mt nhm cc i tng mF ho
Hp thoi Recode into Same Values: Old and NewValues
Old->New.
32
Gp chung/Tng hp d liu.
quyn.
5.1 Sp xp cc i tng
Hp thoi ny sp xp cc i tng (cc hng) ca file d liu da vo cc tr s ca
mt hoc mt s bin sp xp. Bn ca s th sp xp cc i tng theo trt t tng dn
hoc gim dn.
33
sp xp cc i tng
35
Exactly.
36
37
Bi 6: Lm vic vi kt xut
6.1 Ca s Viewer
Hnh 8-1: Ca s Viewer
Nhp p
mt biu
tng kiu
sch
hin hoc
lm n mt
chi tit
Nhp
m rng
hoc thu
hp cc cp
xem
Nhp mt chi
tit chn
v i thng
n n
Pan phn
cp xem
Pan ni dung
Xem lt cc kt qu.
Th hin hoc du cc bng v th c chn.
Thay i trt t trnh by ca cc kt qu bng cch di chuyn cc chi tit c chn.
Di chuyn cc chi tit gia Viewer vi cc trnh ng dng khc.
38
Nhp biu tng sch m {book icon} ca n thanh cng c Outlining trong ca s
Viewer
hoc
Nhp vo chi tit chn n
T thanh menu chn:
View
Hide
hoc
Nhp biu tng sch ng (Hide) trn thanh cng c Outlining .
Biu tng sch m (Show) tr thnh biu tng hot ng, ch ra rng chi tit gi y F
c n giu.
n giu mi kt qu ca mt th tc:
39
Nhp mt chi tit trong pan phn cp hoc pan ni dung chn n. (S dng k thut
gi phm Shift v nhp chut chn nhiu chi tit, hoc k thut gi phm Ctrl v nhp
chut chn cc chi tit nm khng lin tc nhau.)
S dng chut nhp v r cc chi tit (gia chut trong khi r).
Th chut ra ln chi tit nm trn v tr m bn mun th chi tit c di chuyn
Bn cng c th chuyn cc chi tit bng cch s dng hai lnh Cut v Paste After trong
menu Edit.
xo cc kt qu trong ca s Viewer
Nhp mt chi tit trong pan phn cp hoc pan ni dung chn n. (S dng k thut
gi phm Shift v nhp chut chn nhiu chi tit, hoc k thut gi phm Ctrl v nhp
chut chn cc chi tit nm khng lin tc nhau.)
Nhn phm Delete
hoc
T thanh menu chn:
Edit
Delete
sao chp cc kt qu trong ca s Viewer
Nhp mt chi tit trong pan phn cp hoc pan ni dung chn n. (S dng k thut
gi phm Shift v nhp chut chn nhiu chi tit, hoc k thut gi phm Ctrl v nhp
chut chn cc chi tit nm khng lin tc nhau.)
Gi phm Ctrl trong khi bn dng chut nhp v r cc chi tit (gia chut trong khi
r).
Th chut ra ni m bn mun sao chp chng vo .
Bn c th sao chp cc chi tit bng cch s dng hai lnh Copy v Paste After trong
menu Edit.
40
Bi 8: Frequencies {Tn s}
Cc thng k v th.
D liu.
7.1 Kt xut mu
41
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1500
2000
Total
Percent
6.7
3.3
6.7
3.3
20.0
6.7
10.0
6.7
3.3
6.7
6.7
3.3
10.0
6.7
100.0
Valid Percent
6.7
3.3
6.7
3.3
20.0
6.7
10.0
6.7
3.3
6.7
6.7
3.3
10.0
6.7
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
6.7
10.0
16.7
20.0
40.0
46.7
56.7
63.3
66.7
73.3
80.0
83.3
93.3
100.0
Statistics
So tien dau tu cho su dung nuoc sach
N
Valid
Missing
Mean
Std. Error of Mean
Variance
Minimum
Maximum
30
0
803.33
92.411
256195.4
100
2000
Frequency
Valid
Frequency
2
1
2
1
6
2
3
2
1
2
2
1
3
2
30
0
0.0
500.0
250.0
1000.0
750.0
1500.0
1250.0
1750.0
42
2000.0
43
Dispersion. Cc thng k o c ln ca s bin thin hoc tri rng trong d liu bao
gm lch chun, phng sai, phm vi, tr s ln nht, tr s nh nht, v sai s chun
ca trung bnh.
Distribution.
44
Chart Type.
45
46
Biu tng ct
Khay trang/lp
Khay ct
Khay hng
Trt t ca cc biu tng trn khay ch chiu phn nh trt t ca cc thnh phn trong
bng tr. thay i trt t th hin ca cc thnh phn trong mt chiu ca bng
Kch hot bng tr
Nu cc khay tr khng xut hin, t menu Pivot Table chn:
Pivot
Pivoting Tray
Nhp ln mt mt biu tng sp xp theo trt t m bn mun (tri sang phi hoc
trn xung di)
di chuyn hng hoc ct trong mt bng tr
48
Khong
Co
Total
23
7
30
Gieng
dao
Khong
Co
Total
Total
23
7
30
Missing
Total
49
19
1
1
2
23
7
30
63.3
3.3
3.3
6.7
76.7
23.3
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
Sach hon
It sach hon
Khong doi
Khong biet
Total
System
Valid Percent
Valid
Percent
Missing
Total
Sach hon
It sach hon
Khong doi
Khong biet
Total
System
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
63.3
82.6
82.6
3.3
4.3
87.0
3.3
4.3
91.3
6.7
8.7
100.0
Muc do sach cua nuoc
76.7
100.0
23.3
100.0
Frequency
Valid
Frequency
19
1
1
2
23
7
30
82.6
4.3
4.3
8.7
100.0
82.6
87.0
91.3
100.0
Format
Rotate InnerColumn Labels
hoc
Rotate OuterColumn Labels
Sau khi thc hin mt hoc mt vi thao tc bng tr, bn c th tr li cch b tr ban
u ca bng tr.
T thanh menu chn:
Reset Pivots to Defaults
50
Kch hot bng tr, v t menu Pivot chn: Pivoting Trays nu n khng c chn.
R mt biu tng t khay Row hoc khay Column sang khay Layer.
Hnh 10-4: Chuyn cc nhm sang cc trang/lp
Bin muc do sach cua nuoc
c chuyn t hng hng
sang hng trang
Tng biu tng layer c mi tn sang tri v mi tn sang phi. Bng c th nhn thy
c l bng ca trang trn cng.
Hnh 10-5: Cc nhm trong cc trang ring bit
51
thay i cc trang/lp
52