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Unit 3: Design

Lesson 3: Prototypes and Modeling

File 3.4.2: Orthographic Drawing
Orthographic Projection Drawings
Graphic representation is one of the three ways object can be represented. One technical
drawing type, orthographic projection, allows a designer, engineer and manufacturer to
create a graphic representing a three dimensional object as a two dimensional drawing to
establish working drawings. Another name used for orthographic projection is three view
drawing.
Orthographic drawings represent an object as seen from different positions, specifically top,
front and side view. The three views should line up as shown in Figure 1. By aligning views,
one can transfer dimensions between views. The views show the width, depth and height of
an object.

WIDTH

DEPTH

HEIGHT

HEIGHT

WIDTH

DEPTH

Figure 1
Hidden and Center Lines
Sometimes the top, front and side outside surface of the object does not fully represent
hidden surfaces within the object, therefore hidden and center lines are utilized. Parts or
surfaces that cannot be seen in the views are represented by hidden lines (short dashed
lines). Center lines are used to locate circular objects and dimensions. Holes are located on
an orthographic drawing using center lines. Circles and arcs are not always represented as
circles and arcs in all views.

2012 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association

Foundations of
Technology, Third Edition/
Technology, Engineering, and Design

2012 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association

Foundations of
Technology, Third Edition/
Technology, Engineering, and Design