Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Li Cm n

hon thnh tt nhim v t ra trong k thc tp tt

nghip ny, em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong
b mn K thut o & THCN, c bit l cc thy gio: thy
Nguyn Bnh Thnh, thy V c Trng, thy Trn Vn Tun
tn tnh gip , hng dn, ng gp nhiu kin qu bu v
to mi iu kin cho em hon thnh k thc tp ny.
Cm n cc bn trong nhm thc tp gip ti trong
qu trnh thc tp hon thnh cng vic ca mnh.
H ni ngy 3 thng 2 nm 2004
Sinh vin thc hin

Phn I

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phn o lng ca qu trnh nc cp, hi nc v nc

ngng.
y l qu trnh khp kn v ch b xung thm nc vo
qu trnh ny b tn tht nc v hi nc: lng nc b xung
trc ht ph thuc vo lng nhit nng cung cp cho cc h tiu
th nhit bn ngoi v lng nc ngng do cc h tiu th nhit
tr li nh my in, vo lng nc x ca l hi, vo tn tht r
r hi nc. i vi nh my in ngng hi, lng nc b sung vo
l thng vo khong 5-7 l/s hay 22-25 m3/h, 100 MW.
Nc cp b sung c x l bng phng php c gii ho
hc kh cc tp cht v c v hu c, sau c hm
nng v a vo qu trnh.
Sau khi qua tuabin (bin nhit nng thnh c nng) hi nc i vo bnh ngng, ti y hi nc ngng li thnh nc v
to ra chn khng trong bnh ngng. Nc ngng c bm nc
ngng bm tr li qu trnh v khp kn qu trnh nc cp,
hi nc v nc ngng.
Ti y ngi ta c cc thit b o :
-

o tc .
o di trc.
Sau khi qua tuabin (bin nhit nng thnh c

nng) hi nc i vo bnh ngng, ti y hi nc ngng li

thnh nc v to ra chn khng trong bnh ngng. Nc ngng
c bm tr li qu trnh v khp kn qu trnh cp nc, hi
nc v nc ngng. Ti bnh ngng c thit b o nh:
-

o mc.

o chn khng.

Ti bm ngng phi o rung ca bm kim

tra qu trnh lm vic c kh.

Nc cp kh kh (tc nc ngng v nc b sung) c tp

trung b cha (t di bnh kh kh) v c bm tip
qua b tit kim vo l hi. V qua gia nhit i vo bao
hi. Ti thit b ny ngi ta phi o:
- p sut.
- o mc.
Bao hi ca l hi: C 4 van iu chnh qua 4 ng
ng sinh hi.
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

p sut lm vic 189,4 kg/cm2

Nhit lm vic 360 0 C
ng knh bn trong 1830mm
dy 182mm.
di 14100mm.
Ti bao hi ngi ta dt cc senor (Tranmistor) o:
-

Nhit .

o mc.

o p sut.

o lu lng.

Tt c cc i lng o c u c qui chun v 4 20 mA v

c chuyn v trung tm x l.

H THNG DCS TRONG NH MY NHIT IN PH LI 2

H thng DCS trong nh my nhit in Ph Li 2 l h thng
Centum CS3000 ca hng Yokogawa (Nht Bn).
H thng DCS trong nh my bao gm c domain (khi):
Domain 1: Ph trch t my 1
Domain 2: Ph trch t my 2
Domain 3: Ph trch nhng phn chung ca nh my nh phn
in, phn sn xut H2, h thng nn kh
Cc domain ny c lin h vi nhau thng qua bus converter
BVC,
kiu ABC-11D.
S lng, cu trc, m hnh mng, chc nng ca hai khi 1 v 2
hon ton ging nhau, ch khc nhau a ch ca khi.

M hnh phn cp
1. Cp iu hnh sn xut
Chc nng:
Gim st s hot ng ca ton nh my.
Bao gm:
2 my PC: Supervisor PC1 (sup1) v Supervisor PC2 (sup2) .
V tr: t ti to nh hnh chnh (Admin building)
Cc my tnh HISTORIAN, mi khi c mt my.
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
V tr : t ti phng lp trnh.
Mi khi c mt my HISTORIAN c t trong phng lp trnh.
Cc my tnh HISTORIAN c dung lng ln lu tr cc thng tin vn
hnh ca nh my . l h thng qun l d liu PI (Plant Information
System) c ci t OSI. Cc my HISTORIAN ny nhn thng tin l tt
c cc Tag-name t FCS gi ln v tt c cc thng tin t h thng SOE
(Sequence Of Event) a ti.

2. Cp vn hnh gim st.

Chc nng:
Gim st, vn hnh cc thit b cng ngh sn xut in.
Bao gm:
Cc trm giao din ngi-my HIS
V tr:
- t ti phng iu khin trung tm ( 24 HIS)
- t ti trm in 220kV ( 2 HIS: 0342 v 0343)
- t ti trm sn xut Hydro (1 HIS 0344)
Trn tt c cc HIS ny u c ci t phn mm Centum
CS3000. Cc HIS u c th gim st c hot ng ca ton nh my
nhng vn hnh th do ngi qun tr mng phn quyn cho tng
my.
Ngoi ra cn c HIS 0349 l Technician PC, l mt my tnh k
thut , c chc nng nh cc trm giao din ngi my khc. N c
nhim v nhn tn hiu ng h thi gian t Master Clock phn phi
cho cc thit b khc ng b thi gian.
Trong trng hp cn tch mt trm no kim tra, sa cha
th ngi qun tr mng c quyn phn li quyn thao tc cho cc trm.
Ngi vn hnh c th ly d liu t HISTORIAN a n HIS.
Trn mi khi d liu c 2 HIS c ci phn mm PI c d liu t
HISTORIAN. S d cn c hai HIS (PI Client) v d phng cho nhau.
Cc trm k thut EWS
Cc trm k thut c t trong phng k s lp trnh, mi khi
c mt trm.
EWS cng c ci phn mm Centum CS3000 ging nh mt
trm giao din ngi my nhng n m nhim cc cng vic v k
thut.
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Chc nng:
- Phn quyn cho cc trm giao din HIS.
- Thc hin vic lp trnh, theo di s lm vic ca nh my, thc
hin sa i chng trnh cho cc trm iu khin khu vc.
Cc <I>PC ca h thng Mark V
c t ti phng iu khin trung tm.
mi khi c mt trm giao din <I>PC (<I> l vit tt ca
Interface) . l my PC theo di hot ng ca h thng tua bin-my
pht ( do h thng Mark V iu khin), mn hnh giao din DOS.
Cc trm MMI ti cc h thng ph (PLC)
c t cc trm h thng ph.
cc h thng ph PLC u c gim st bi h thng DCS
thng qua Modbus nhng cc h thng ph ny thng c iu khin
trc tip ti trm thng qua cc my tnh MMI ( c ci t giao din
Citect)

3. Cp iu khin.
Chc nng:
T ng iu khin cc thit b theo chng trnh np sn v
cc thng s t t cp trn.
Bao gm:
Cc trm iu khin trng FCS
Cc FCS ch yu thuc loi LFCS, p ng vi yu cu ca h
thng l s lng u vo/ra ln. Ngoi ra cn c cc PFCS ch yu
ni vi cc h thng ph.
Cc trm iu khin trng c phn tn theo tng chc nng
tng khi.
H thng PLC
Trong nh my, cc h thng PLC c ni vi h thng DCS
thng qua mt card c t trn FCS (loi Compact Type FCS).
H thng GE Mark V.
y l h thng dng iu khin tua bin, mi khi c mt t
Mark V
H thng Mark V c ni t FCS 0101( khi 1) v FCS0201 (
khi 2).

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Vic truyn thng gia giao din vn hnh <I> v cc Panel iu
khin MarkV thc hin bi phng thc kt ni mng Stage Link ca h
thng iu khin. Trong cu hnh n gin nht ca n, Stage Link ni
mt Panel iu khin tuabin Mark V ti my tnh <I> n qua mt on
n. Tuy nhin tp ca cch truyn thng ny c th c m rng ph
hp vi nhiu my tnh <I> v /hoc nhiu Panel iu khin. V d mt
giao din ngi vn hnh n c th c cu hnh pht ra cc lnh
hoc nhn d liu t 8 b Mark V iu khin tuabin kh/hi. Hn na,
nhiu my tnh <I> c th xm nhp ti Stage Link-mi my tnh <I> lin
lc vi nhiu Panel iu khin. Theo cch ny, Stage Link cung cp tng
cng tnh linh hot i vi vic thit lp hiu qu truyn thng m c th
p ng vi vng ring bit cn thit.
Stage Link c thit k c bit thc hin nhng vic cn thit
iu khin tuabin theo a ch nh vic downloading, uploading phn
mm gia Mark V v my tnh <I>, pht cc lnh, qun l bo ng v
vic gim st. Giao din h thng iu khin DCS ti Mark V thng qua
lin kt truyn thng ring ti my tnh <I>, in hnh l vic s dng giao
thc Modbus.

4. Cp chp hnh
Bao gm cc thit b o lng, chuyn i v truyn tn hiu, v d
nh:
Cc trm iu khin ti ch (cc trm in t dng ca nh my :
cc trm 6,6kV, 400V)
- Cc van kh nh: MBS-CV0123, MBS-CV0143
- Cc van in nh : MBC-DMP0105, MBC-DMP0106
- Cc van thu lc nh: FWS-HYV174.

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phn II

I - nhim v th
ng h trng hc lm cc cng vic sau:
o m gi hin th trn ng h chnh v ng h con.
Bo chung cho ng h cc lp .
Bo nhit cho cc lp hc.
Lm vic ch 24 gi.
C phm n khi ng ng h v t ch cho
n.

khi ng li my chy: run hoc stop.

t li gi.

lp chung nh chung vo ra : 5 6 tit /ngy

hoc 1012
tit/ngy 1012 ln ko chung
/ngy. Kiu nh chung.
Hin th s.
Chu c nhit (070) v m vi kh hu thay i
(8590).
Ngoi ra em ang mun thit k thm mt h thng loa
n tng lp hc, ng h trng hc cn c ci tin thnh
ng h cho cc c quan, nh my, x nghip. Vi cc kiu
chung c lp trnh c m sc khc nhau theo mun ca ngi dng.
ng h trng hc c cc tnh nng nh sau:
- T mt ng h m c th truyn cho cc ng h con i
khp trng.
- ng truyn t ng h m n ng h con ch gm 4
dy (hai dy ngun v hai dy d liu ),phm vi truyn trong
bn knh hng trm mt.
- ng h m c th bo chnh xc vi sai s nh hn 1/10 -4.
Vi sai s nh vy th sau mt thng ng h s c sai s 1pht v
lc ta nn t li gi pht.
- ng h m v ng h con ch th thi gian v nhit
bng LCD, n LED 7 thanh.
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
- ng h m s c t trung tm ca trng ng h
con s c t cc lp hc hoc hnh lang cc khu ging ng.
Mi lp hc s c mt chung hoc mi khu ging ng s c mt
hoc nhiu chung v ng h m s iu khin vic nh
chung cc lp hc hoc cc khu ging ng mt cch ng
thi v chnh xc.
- Phng thc truyn t ng h m n ng h con l phng thc truyn tin theo kiu ng b tng bt. y l mt ch
truyn tin rt ph thng, d liu truyn i chnh xc m
khng cn bt c mt protocol no.
- Ngun cung cp cho ng h m l ngun xoay chiu
220V. Ngun cung cp cho ng h con ly t ng h m hoc
c th ly t ngun ni t ng h con.
- ng h s dng cc linh kin ph bin trn th trng, c
th lp t sa cha thay th d dng.

II - o nhit s dng u o LM335.

o nhit chnh xc th cn phi c nhng u o
c bit v u o LM335 l mt u o c s dng rng
ri. Vi mch LM335 l loi sens o nhit ca hng National
Semiconductor ch to. Loi sens ny c tch hp dng vi mch
c chnh xc 10C.
Hot ng ca u o ging nh mt it Zener hai cc,
in p nh thng tng ng vi nhit tuyt i l 10mV/ 0K.
Tr khng ng khi u o hot ng trong vng dng 400 A
5mA nh hn 1 . Tr khng nh cng in p li ra tuyn
tnh l u im ca loi u o LM335.
Cc thng s k thut ca vi mch :

nh thang trc tip theo Kelvin

Tn hiu li ra bng 10mV/0K

chnh xc 10C

Dng hot ng trong vng t 400 A 5mA

in p ngun nui : 5

Di lm vic :

18V

Ch lin tc t :

-400C

Ch khng lin tc:

1000C.
1000C1250C

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Vi mch LM335 c ng v IC dng TO-92 c ba chn. Hai
chn cung cp ngun 1 v 2, u ra ly trn chn s 2. Chn
s 3 dng hiu chnh in p u ra.

III - phng php chn thit b v s dng mch.

C rt nhiu cch chn thit b khc nhau v cch
thit k lp t mch khc nhau.
Ta bit vi cng mt tnh nng s dng cng c th c
nhiu h vi mch khc nhau v mi mt thit b li thch hp vi
nhu cu s dng trong nhng iu kin nht nh.
La chn thit b i hi chng ta phi hiu r bn cht
v cch s dng thit b, quan trng nht vn l kinh nghim
thc t.
V li gii hay nht vn l nhng th nghim thnh cng
ca lp ngi i trc cho nn khi la chn thit b s dng ta nn
tham kho kin ca mi ngi.
Thit k mch v s dng mch cng cn quan tm n
rt nhiu yu t nh phn b thit b sao cho ng u trnh
khi cc yu t gy nh hng n cc thit b nh nhiu hoc
cc tc ng ca mi trng thit b ca mnh t c yu
cu t ra vi sai s t nht.

IV - phng php ghp ni cc thit b s dng.

ghp ni cc thit b s dng ta nn xc nh r u
l phn iu khin chnh (v d nh vi iu khin) ca ton b
h thng ri t nh ra cch iu khin tng thit b bn
trong bng vic nh vng lm vic cho tng b phn hay iu
khin bng cng .
Quan trng l khi ghp ni ta cn phi lm sao cho cc
thit b ny hot ng vi phn iu khin chnh khng b
xung t ln nhau.
Cc b phn ny khi ghp ni vi b phn chnh hot ng
mt cch nhp nhng trnh vic ci ny hot ng th cm ci
khc.

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

LCD

DIEU KHIEN ADC

EN CHAN 6

CHAN 11 P3.1

R/W CHAN 5

CHAN 10 P3.0

RS(D/C) CHAN 4

CHAN 15 P3.5

START ALE CHAN 4 (P1.3)

ENABLE CHAN 5 (P1.4)

VXL

CHAN 14
P3.4

C
(P1.0)

B
(P1.1)

A
(P1.2)

+(3)

-(4)

OK(5)

RETURN(1)

CS _ CHAN 28 (P2.7)

FUNC(2)
IRQ _ CHAN 13 ( INT1)

LOA

CHAN 6
P1.5

PHIM

DIEU KHIEN RTC

CHUONG

V - s khi.
Bn
phm

Real time
clock
DS12887

Khi o
nhit

Khi bin
i
ADC

Hin th LCD

Khi vi x l 89C52
Khi bo
chung
Mch
truyn tin

ng h con

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

LED

10

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

VI - mch nguyn l :
Khi c ngun cung cp th vi x l s hot ng v c
s liu thu c v thi gian t DS12887 v nhit t
ADC0809.
Sau s liu s c a ra v hin th trn mn hnh
LCD v LED ng thi c th ko chung bo thi gian.
Thng tin truyn t ng h m sang ng h con c
khuch i nhiu ln m bo dng truyn ln.
Giao tip vi ngi s dng thng qua bn phm t
thi gian v gi pht giy, ngy thng nm hoc t ch
nh chung bo thi gian.

VII - cc thit b s dng gm c:

in tr.

T in.

Bin p , bin tr.

IC n p 7805,7912,7812.

IC ADC0809, 74LS148, 4011, LM335, OP07, 4094.

DS12887, 89C52, LCD, LED.

5 phm bm, Reset.

1. Khi chuyn i tng t s ADC0809.

Khi bin i A/D c nhim v chuyn gi tr in p
u vo thnh gi tr s a ln vi x l tnh ton sau hin
th ra gi tr nhit .Khi bin i A/D l ADC0809 l mt vi
mch 8 knh,8 bit c sai s l 0.4% nn chp nhn c v nhit
cn o khng yu cu mt cch chnh xc .B bin i ADC0809
l b bin i A/D 8 knh lm vic hon ton c lp vi nhau
la chn, 8 u ra song song tng thch vi TTL v mt iu
ng quan tm l s tiu th dng in ca vi mch hu nh khng
ng k ( c 300A ). Thi gian bin i nhanh :100s.
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

11

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
a. Cc thng s k thut ca ADC0809:
-

Khng i hi iu chnh im '0' .

Qut ng 8 knh bng logic a ch .

Di tn hiu li vo analog t 0 5v khi in p

ngun nui l +5v

-

Tt c cc tn hiu u tng thch vi TTL

phn gii 8 bits.

Sai s 1 bit lng t .

Thi gian bin i 100s .

Dng tiu th : 0.3A .

Ghp ni tng thch vi VXL.

Nhit lm vic : -550C 1250C .

S chn ca ADC0809:
ADC0809

26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
12
16

REF+
REF-

25
24
23
22

11

IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7

A0
A1
A2

9
6

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EOC

CLK

17
14
15
8
18
19
20
21
7

10

ALE
OE
ST ART
VCC

Tn hiu gi nhp dng cho b bin i A/D c to t

bn ngoi v c dn n chn clock (gii tn hot ng ca
ADC0809 t 200KHz 1MHz ) . in p so snh c a qua tng
lp li in p n chn ra V ref+ ,chn ny c in tr li
vo c 2.5k. Tm knh vo analog c a vo tm u vo
IN0 IN7 , vic la chn knh do 3 mu bt li vo a ch
A,B,C xc nh.

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

12

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Bng la chn :
C

Li vo kch hot

In0

In1

In2

In3

In4

In5

In6

In7

Nguyn l: a mt xung dng vo chn START kch hot.

Qua mu bit li vo a ch A, B, C xc nh knh c chn
v ng thi cht li a ch . Trong qu trnh bin i
AD chn EOC lun mc LOW sau mt khong thi gian 100s
kt thc qu trnh bin i chn EOC chuyn thnh HIGH v
bo kt thc qu trnh bin i. Kt qu ca qu trnh bin
i s ng cc ng dn t D0 D7 nm b m
(buffer). Khi OE = 1 bt u qu trnh c d liu t D0 D7
vo thit b khc.
b. Hot ng ca mch o in p:
Tn hiu sau khi qua mch lp a vo knh 0 ca ADC_0809.
Tn hiu xung Clock 500Khz cho ADC c to ra t mch dao ng
thch anh. Chn Refferen+ (16) ca ADC c ni vi in p +5V tng ng vi 256 mc .Tn hiu digital D 0-D7 t ADC s c vo Port 0
ca 89C52. Vi iu khin 89C52 s c d liu t Port 0 vo, ADC
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

13

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
c iu khin bng hai bit P1.2v P1.3 ca 89C52 ADC s phi
mt khong 100s bin i.
Ngoi ra ADC bin i gi tr in p ra gi tr s th phi
c mt xung Start, xung ny c pht ra t cng P1.2 ca vi x l
mi khi cn c gi tr nhit
th hot ng ca ADC nh sau:

Start-ALE
120ms
OE

DATA

Khi cn c nhit vi x l s pht ra mt xung cng.

y l xung cho php ADCc d liu.Sau khi c xung Start th
ADC s c d liu, bin i v a ra cht 8 bit u ra .Thi
gian ADC bin i l 120ns. Nh vy,sau khi pht ra xung Start
th vi x l phi i t nht l 120ns sau pht ra xung OE
cng P1.3 lc ny d liu mi t u ra ca ADC i vo vi x l
2. DS12887
2

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

14

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

10
11

DS12887
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7

RST
MOT

AS
DS
R/W

CS

SQW

18
1

14
17
15
23

19

IR Q

13

4
5
6
7
8
9

Chc nng ng h thi gian thc (Real Time Clock RTC) :

s lun hot ng v tt c vng RAM, thi gian vng nh bo
alarm s c lu gi m khng cn quan tm n mc in p
vo. Khi c Vcc cung cp cho DS12887 v t c n mc cao
hn 4,25 V th thit b s oc truy cp sau 200ms, iu ny
l do chy Oscillotor bn trong.
Thi gian ny cho php h thng t c trng thi n
nh sau khi cp ngun. Nu in p vo V cc<4,25 V, chipselect input s chu tc ng bn trong mc khng tch
cc m khng tnh n gi tr ca CS chn vo. Qu trnh
ny s lm cho DS12887 c bo v khi vit ( write-protected ).
Khi DS12887 trng thi write-protected tt c cc chn
vo u c b qua v tt c cc u ra trng thi tr khng
cao.
Khi Vcc< 3V, ngun bn ngoi Vcc b kho li v mt ngun nng lng bn trong s c cung cp cho RTC v vng nh RAM.
Vi chnh xc 1 pht 1 thng.
Tt c 128 byte c th vit hoc c trc tip tr nhng
vng sau:
Thanh ghi A, B : l nhng thanh ghi dng trong vic lp
trnh cho hot ng ca RTC.
Thanh ghi C : Ch c. Thanh ghi c ngt ca RTC.
Thanh ghi D thanh ghi khng cn quan tm (dont
care).
Vng thi gian, lch v alarm:
Thng tin v thi gian, lch c cha ng cch c cc
byte RAM.

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

15

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Thi gian lch v alarm c thit lp hoc khi to bng
cch vit vo cc byte RAM thch hp. Chng c th nh di
dng binary hoc BCD.
Trc khi vit vo thanh ghi thi gian lch v alarm, bit set
thanh ghi B nn vit l 1 trnh update. Hn na, khi vit
vo nhng thanh ghi th ch ch BCD hay binary,
data mode bit DM ca thanh ghi B cn phi chn mc logic
thch hp.
Cu to v chc nng ca cc chn:
- Chn GND, Vcc :
Ngun mt chiu cung cp cho thit b nhng chn ny.
Vcc l chn ngun 5V. Khi Vcc c cung cp, thit b c th truy
cp v d liu c th c c hoc ghi. Vcc< 4,25 vic c v
vit b ngn chn. Tuy nhin vic lu gi thi gian s khng b
nh hng bi mc in p thp u cung cp.
Vcc < 3V th RAM v b lu gi thi gian s c cung cp bng
ngun nng lng bn trong.
- Chn 1 : Mot ( Mode select) chn 2 loi bus l Motorola
bus timing hoc Intel bus timing, c in tr treo bn trong xp
x 20 K .
- Chn 23 : SQW (Square Wave-Output).
SQW c th c tn hiu ra t 1 15 trng thi. Tn s ra ca
SQW t 256 Hz 2Hz tc l chu k 3,90625 500 ms.
Tn s ca chn SQW c th thay i nh lp trnh thanh ghi
A, tn hiu SQW c th bt tt bng cch s dng bit SQWE
thanh ghi B. Tn hiu SQW khng c gi tr khi Vcc < 4,25 V.
- AD0 AD7 : multiplex Bidirection Address/ Data bus (4
11).
Bus a hp gi cc chn v thng tin a ch v d liu cng
trn mt ng tn hiu.
ng a ch xut hin trong phn u tin ca mt chu
k bus v cc chn khc cng vy, ng tn hiu s c s
dng cho d liu phn th 2 ca chu k. Tch hp c a ch
v d liu s khng lm chm tin trnh truy nhp thi gian
ca DS12887 khi bus chuyn t a ch t ng a ch
sang ng d liu trong thi gian truy nhp RAM trong. Nhng
a ch ny phi c gi tr u tin ti mc thp ca AS/ALE v ti
thi gian y DS12887 cht a ch t AD0 AD6.
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

16

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Gi tr d liu nu cn phi hin hnh v gi n nh
trong qu trnh cng tip theo sau (ca DS hoc xung WR )
1 chu k c ca DS12887 a ra 8 bits ca d liu trong qu
trnh sau ( ca cng DS hoc xung RD ) mt chu k c c
kt thc v bus tr li trng thi tr khng cao khi DS dch xung
thp trong trng hp Motorola hoc RD mc cao vi Intel.
- Chn 14 : AS ( Address Strobe Input ) AS/ALE thp th
a ch cht trong DS12887 sn ln tip theo.
- Chn 17 : DS ( Data Strobe or Read Input ).
Chn DS / RD c hai ch hot ng ph thuc vo mc
ca chn MOT. Khi chn MOT c ni vi Vcc th bus Motorola
c chn. Ti ch ny, DS l mt xung dng trong chu k
bus tip theo v c tn l data strobe. Trong chu k c, khi c
tn hiu DS thi gian ny th DS12887 s iu khin bus 2
chiu , trong chu k vit DS12887 cht d liu c vit.
MOT ni t th bus Intel c chn v DS c gi l RD .
Khi c tn hiu RD th DS12887 s iu khin bus vi d liu
c.
- Chn 15 : R/ W (Read/ Write Input) .
C 2 ch hot ng:
. Khi MOT ni t th bus Intel c chn v R/ W l tn
hiu tch cc thp ta gi l output enable write, ch
ny chn R/ W c cng ngha nh tn hiu cho php vit (
WE ) RAM chung.
. Khi MOT ni Vcc th bus Motorola c chn R: high, W :
low.
CS ( Chip-Slect Input ) : lun mc thp c th truy cp.
CS cn c gi trng thi tch cc ny trong DS v AS i
Motorola v RD / WR vi Intel.
- Chn 19 : IRQ l mt u ra tch cc thp ca
DS12887 v vy c th c s dng nh l mt ngt u vo
i vi b vi x l.
- Chn 18 : Re set (Reset Input ) chn ny khng nh hng
ti ng h, lch thi gian hoc RAM v 4 bytes iu
khin v t trng thi.
C 3 ngt l : software, maskable, testable.
Time-of-day alarm once/second to once /day
Periodic rates from 120ms to 550ms.
End-of-clock update cycle.
3. vi x l 89C52
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

17

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

R?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
13
12
15
14
31
19
18
9
17
16

P10/T
P11/T
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17

P00
P01
P02
P03
P04
P05
P06
P07

INT1
INT0

P20
P21
P22
P23
P24
P25
P26
P27

T1
T0
EA/VP

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

X1
X2
RESET
RD
WR

RXD
TXD
ALE/P
PSEN

10
11
30
29

89C52

Khi vi x l s iu khin mi hot ng ca c ng h.

Vi x l s thc hin nhng cng vic c th sau:

a ra lnh cho php c gi tr nhit ( c s

ho )sau bin i gi tr ra s nhit c th
a ra hin th

c m phm t bn phm v kim tra xem phm no

c n thc hin cng vic tng ng i vi phm

Ghi li nhng thng s v thi gian v nhit ,gi pht

nh chung

iu khin mch nh chung cho n gi nh chung

Cho php hin th c thi gian v nhit ty theo yu

cu c th

Khi vi x l l mt vi mch AT89C52 s c trnh by c

th nh sau:
Ghp ni cng trong bn mch.
2

3
Cng P0: Ni
vi 8 ng d liu ca 4 ADC, LCD, RTCv
ng h
Cng P1:
+ P1.0, P1.1, P1.2
iu khin phm.
+ P1.3, P1.4
iu khin vic c s liu t ADC.
+ P1.6, P1.7
Truyn t ng h m sang ng
h con.
+ P1.5
iu khin nh chung.
Cng P2: P2.7
iu khin hot ng ca RTC
Cng P3:

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

18

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
+ P3.0,P3.1,P3.5
ca LCD.
+ P3.2 (INT0)
+ P3. 3(INT1)

iu khin chn R/W, EN v RS

Nhn ngt phm
iu khin ngt RTC

4. mch hin th lcd, n led.

y ta s dng hai khi hin th l LCD dng cho ng h
chnh v khi hin th bng n LED cho ng h con
Cu to ca LCD

Giao din vi ngi s dng bao gm mn hnh tinh th lng

LCD 1 dng 16 k t:
a. Gii thiu v LCD
LCD (Liquist Crystal Display) l mt loi mn hnh hin th
thng tin tiu tn t nng lng hn LED, v vy thch hp vi h
thng i hi t tiu th nng lng nh cng to in t.
Bnh thng mt LCD c kch thc t 1 n 2 dng, 16 ti
80 k t trn mi dng v kch c ca mi k t c th l 5x7
dots hoc 5x10 dots.
Mt LCD Module c gn trn mt mch in vi b to k t v
mt h iu khin. Mc d kch thc c th c nhiu c, nhng
cch iu khin v giao thc iu khin u tng thch vi
chun TTL.
V ng bus d liu, c th thc hin iu khin LCD
vi ]ng d liu l 4 hoc 8 bit. Vi iu khin 4 bit th d
liu c a ra lm 2 ln, ln u l 4 bit cao, ln sau l 4 bit
thp. Bn bit d liu y c a ra trn na cao ca ng
vo ra vi LCD (DB4..DB7).
Ngoi ng bus, LCD Module cn c 3 ng iu khin.
l cc tn hiu cho php E (Enable signals), tn hiu iu
khin c/vit (R/W), tn hiu chn thanh ghi cho vo hoc ra
d liu (RS: Register Select).
Ton b cc chn cho 1 LCD bao gm nh sau:

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

19

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
STT

K hiu

mc logic

1
2
3

VSS
VCC
VEE

RS

H/L

R/W

H/L

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

DB0
DB1
DB2
DB3
DB4
DB5
DB6
DB7

chc nng

ch thch

0V (Ground)
5V (Supply)
Ngun
cung
cp iu
khin cho LCD H:chn thanh ghi vo cho d
Chn thanh ghi liu.
L:Chn thanh ghi vo cho
iu khin.

Chn ch H:ch ra rng s c t LCD

c/Vit
vo CPU.
L: ch ra rng s vit t CPU
Xung L-H-L Tn hiu chovo LCD.
php
H/L
Bit d liu 0
H/L
Bit d liu 1
H/L
Bit d liu 2
H/L
Bit d liu 3
H/L
Bit d liu 4
H/L
Bit d liu 5
H/L
Bit d liu 6
H/L
Bit d liu 7

Hot ng ca LCD
Ch hin th:
Mn hnh hin th c hai dng. B iu khin LCD c
cha b nh RAM c kh nng lu 80 k t, b nh ny gi l
DDRAM. Bnh thng ta c th nhn thy 20 k t trn mi
dng, tc l c 40 k t trng thi nhn thy c hai dng,
cn li l khng nhn thy c (ti mt thi im). Cc k t
khng nhn thy c th c nhn thy thng qua vic dch
ton b mn hin th v pha bn phi hoc tri i mt
notch.

Tn hiu cho php (Enable Link), k hiu: E

y l tn hiu iu khin chnh m c a ra trong
ton b qu trnh iu khin LCD cng nh khi chn thanh ghi

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

20

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
v chn ch c hay vit. Tn hiu ny tch cc mc
logic cao theo sn ln L-H-L. D liu c a vo trong khi E
tch cc.

iu khin hot ng ca LCD:

C 2 loi iu khin l iu khin vic c ghi d liu v
iu khin cc tn hiu: RS, R/W, E. Cc tn hiu iu khin
c t ln LCD t LCD vo ch hot ng. Sau khi
c cc tn hiu iu khin th mi c iu khin vo hoc ra
d liu.
Vic iu khin trc tin l phi t tn hiu RS mc
lgic thp chn thanh ghi iu khin. Tn hiu R/W cn
phi c thit lp c chn ch c hay vit. Qu
trnh diu khin c chia lm 5 gia on : khi to, t con
tr, iu khin hin th, to hay chn k t hin th v kim
tra trng thi bn ca LCD trc khi c hay vit mt t mi.
Reset LCD:
LCD cn phi c khi ng li ngay khi bt ngun cung cp.
Bc tip theo l gi lin tip 3 byte 30H ti LCD. Mi ln cch
nhau 1ms.
t chc nng (Function set):
Vic LCD iu khin theo ch 4 bit hay 8 bit d liu
cn phi c xc nh bng vic vit t iu khin vo LCD
trong bc ny. T i khin c dng nh sau:
0

DL

Trong :
DL= 0 cho 4 bit
1 cho 8 bit
N = 0 cho loi hin th l 1 dng
1 cho loi hin th l 2 dng
F = 0 cho Font 5x7
1 cho Font 5x10
x : khng cn quan tm.
Ch nhp (Entry Mode):
Khi vit ln LCD, cn phi t con tr ti mt v tr no ,
vi thuc tnh l t ng tng hay gim sau khi vit xong 1 k
t. Cng vic ny c xc nh bng Entry mode. T iu
khin cho entry mode l:
0

I/D

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

21

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Trong
I/D =
bn tri.

cho gim con tr i mt k t v

1 cho tng con tr ln mt k t v bn

phi.
S = 1

dch ton b ni dung cn hin th

trong b nh DDRAM i 1 k t t tri qua
phi ph thuc vo I/D.
0 th khng dch chuyn.
Cc lnh con tr (Cursor Instructions):
Con tr ch n v tr m k t tip theo s c vit hoc
c. Entry mode s xc nh hot ng ca con tr.
Con tr u ( Home Cursor):
Con tr u nm pha bn tri ca dng u ca mn
hin th. T iu khin cho n trong trng hp ny:
0

Dch chuyn con tr n mt v tr trong b nh DDRAM

Con tr c th c dch chuyn ti mt v tr bt k trong
DDRAM ph thuc vo b nh v vic dch chuyn. Vic dch
chuyn con tr c thc hin bng chn a ch trong DDRAM.
T iu khin c cu trc sau:
1

A
6

A
5

A
4

A
3

A
2

A1

A0

Trong A0 n A6 l a ch ca DDRAM.
i vi mt mn hin th 2 dng th a ch ny l 0 n 27H
vi dng 1 v 40 n 67H vi dng 2.
Cc thuc tnh ca con tr (n/ hin/ nhp nhy):
Con tr c th khng nhn thy trn mn hin th, mc
d vn tr ti v tr ca k t tip theo s a ln mn hnh
( bnh thng con tr c th coi nh l du gch chn k t). K
t ti v tr con tr tr ti c th b che, khng nhn thy c
bng thuc tnh Blink (nhp nhy). T iu khin cho thuc
tnh ny l:
0

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

22

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Trong :
D = 1 hin th
0
tt.
C = 1 bt con tr
0 tt
B = 1 thuc tnh nhp nhy
0 khng phi thuc tnh nhp nhy.
Di chuyn con tr trn mn hin th:
Con tr hay ton b nhng g c th thy trn mn hin th c
th dch sang tri hoc sang phi bng t iu khin nh sau:
0

S/C

R/L

Xo hin th:
Xo hin th l t vo ton b DDRAM mt k t trng
c m ASCII l 20H v t con tr v tr u (Home Cursor)
nh trnh by trn. T iu khin cho cng vic ny l:
0

B iu khin LCD cn c mt byte trng thi cha c

bn_BF (Busy Flag) v b m a ch _ AC (Address
Counter). Nu BF=1 c ngha l LCD vn ang bn thc hin
cng vic trc. Nh vy ta cn kim tra c BF trc khi thc hin
mt lnh c/ vit mi. Byte ny c dng nh sau:
BF

AC6

AC5

AC4

AC3

AC2

AC1

AC0

Trong : BF l c bn.
AC0 n AC6 l 7 bit ca b m a ch.
Bng tm tt cc t iu khin cho vic iu khin LCD nh
sau
Instruction RS Rw D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Hot ng
Xo hin
th

Xo ton b ni dung hin

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 th t con tr v tr bn
tri, a ch 00.

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

23

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Home
cursor

Entry mode 0

Hin th vi
con tr
0
bt/tt

Function set 0

Con tr t trn cng bn

tri.
Xc nh hng dch chuyn
0 0 0 0 0 1 ID S con tr sau khi mi k t c
vit.
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 x

0 0 0 0 0 D C B

0 0 1 DL N F

t thuc tnh cho mn

hin th.

t ch giao tip 4 bit

* hoc 8 bit d liu (DL), s
dng (N), font ch (F)

LCD c iu khin (i thoi) bng 3 bit: P3.0 ni vi

LCD_R/W (chn s 5), P3.5 ni vi LCD_D/C (chn s 4), P3.1ni
vi LCD_ENABLE (chn s 6), 8bit d liu D0 D7 c ni vi Port 0
ca VK 89C52.

VIII Phn mm.

1. Lu thut ton.

Power
on

Int stack
int RTC
int LCD
cho php
ngt

Wait
int
Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit
in Ph Li 2

24

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

25

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Int-RTC

Xo c UF.
c pht v ghi vo
acc.
Nhy giy

Pht mi
= pht c

Yes

Reti

No
Chp pht mi vo.
c gi v
ghi vo acc.
c
nhit v hin th.

Gi mi =
gi c

Yes

Reti

No
Chp gi mi vo.
c ngy v
ghi vo acc.

Ngy mi
= ngy
c

Reti

Chp ngy mi vo.

c thng
v ghi vo acc.

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

26

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Thng mi
= thng
c

Yes

Reti

No
Chp thng mi vo.
c nm v
ghi vo acc.

Nm mi
= nm c

Yes

Reti

No
Chp nm mi vo.

Reti

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

27

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Int-Key

P1 = 05
h

Yes

Lcall Func.

Yes

Lcall Inckey

Yes

Lcall deckey

Yes

Lcall OK

Yes

Lcall Run

No

P1 = 01h

No

P1 = 06h

No

P1 = 02h

No

P1 = 03h

No
Reti

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

28

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Mc Lc

Phn I. Tm hiu v h thng o lng iu khin ca nh my

nhit in Ph Li 2.
Phn o lng ca qu trnh cp nc, hi nc v nc ngng.
H thng DCS trong nh my nhit in Ph Li 2.
M hnh phn cp:
1. Cp iu hnh sn xut.
2. Cp vn hnh gim st.
3. Cp iu khin.
4. Cp chp hnh
Phn II. Thc tp xng vi ti : ng h trng hc.
I.
Nhim v th.
II.
o nhit s dng sensor LM335.
III.
Phng php chn thit b v s dng mch.
IV.
Phng php ghp ni cc thit b s dng.
V.
S khi.
VI.
Mch nguyn l.
VII. Cc thitb s dung.
1.
Khi chuyn i tng t s ADC0809.
2.
DS12887.
3.
VXL 89C52.
4.
Mch hin th LCD, n LED.
VIII. Phn mm.

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

29

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Tm hiu phn o lng iu khin ca nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2

30