1 .

Quy lut phn b lc hng knh :

Gi L 1 l lc hng knh tc dng ln bnh rng , nu
khng c khe h gia nh rng v v th lc hng knh
ch xut hin bng y .
Do c khe h lc hng knh s tng dn t bng ht v
bng y .
Cng thc tnh lc hng knh tc dng ln 1 bnh rng :
L 1 = 0,7 pf = 0,7bD 2 (p d p h )
Trong :
+

D2

ng knh vng nh .

B rng bnh rng .

Nu khe h gia v v nh rng ln th p sut

phn b khc i v lc hng knh c gi tr ln hn .
tng ti trng hng knh ta c th dng cc phng
php :
-

Ch to ng y hp l c phn u ng y b .

Ch to ng ht ln v h p h .

2 . Lc gy ra bi momen quay :
M

2M

truc
L2 r d
truc

Lc L 2 lm tng lc tc ng ln bnh rng b ng

.Nu chng ta gi L l tng hp lc th :
-

Bnh rng ch ng

:
L = 0,75bd p

Bnh rng b ng :
L = 0,85bd p
Ti trng ring :
p=

L
ld tr

Trong :
+

chiu di trc

VII . ng c thu lc bnh rng :

C kt cu nh bm bnh rng nhng ch to chnh
xc hn nn t tin hn. Trong nhiu trng hp,
mt bm bnh rng c th lm vic nh mt ng c
nu nh a vo n mt dng cht lng c p sut ln
lm n quay .
Ch :

Do tn tht c kh ln nn p sut dng cht lng

khi ng cng yu cu ln.

Khi ng khng ti ng c piston roto : 0,5 n 1,5

at
Khi ng khng ti ng c bnh rng tng ng:10
n 15 at
Momen quay tc thi ca ng c bnh rng l :
M ld pb ( 2Rm + m 2 - l 2 )

 pb (

m 2 Z m2 l2 )

Trong :
+

chiu di n khp
N ld M

Trong k thut thng dng cc gi tr trung bnh ca

momen v cng sut , ta s dng cc cng thc gn ng
cho ng c bnh rng thng :

M ld

pb
( Z 1)
10

Ncm

M d M ld C
V
N ld

R 02 bn
( Z 1) kW
306

N d N ld c
Trong
+

R0

bn knh vng c s

cm

chiu rng bnh rng

cm

S vng quay :

n ld
nd

Q
q

QQ
q

cm 2

tng moment quay ngi ta dng ng c nhiu

bnh rng .
-

Yu cu ca dng c nhiu bnh rng l gim ma st

trn b mt lm vic ca cc chi tit , c th l :

+

Gim ti thiu khe h trong cc trc bnh

rng n khp chnh xc

+

m bo khe h bnh rng khng c vo thnh

Gim lc tc dng ln trc bng cch khc phc

v
lc hng knh
VIII . Vt liu ch to v yu cu cng ngh :
-

V bm: C432_52
C421_41
+

Hp kim Al hoc thp .

Gi trt nm trong v bm :
+

Hp kim gang , hp kim Al .

cng b mt 130 n 180 HB .

Bnh rng :
+

Bnh rng cao p p > 100 kG

cm 2

, u = 5ms .

Thp Hk 20X . 40XH 18XHBA 18XH3 .

Thm carbon 0,25 n 0,5 mm .
cng 58 n 60 HRC .

Bnh rng p sut nh p < 100 kG

cm 2

, u < 1ms .

Thp 45.50 kt hp ti , , ram t 0 cao .

cng 180 n 250 HB .
-

Trc bm :
+

Thp hp kim 20X , 12XH4 , 12XHBA , 13XHBA .

Thm carbon , ti t HRC = 62 64 .

Vi bm s dng trt dng thp 40X , 40.50 v gia

cng nhit t cng t 54 n 56 HRC .
IX . Tnh bm bnh rng :
1 . Tnh m un m: cho Q, p, n
Q 7Q Dmbn 7 Q m 3 bZ 2 n

Trong :
D mZ
b bD bmZ

Chn

Q 7 m 3 Z 2 bn
b

P ( at )
b

10
1 - 0,65

25
0,5

m3

Q
7Q bZ 2 n

70
0,7 0,4
0,25

n:( v

ph )

2 ) Cc kch thc khc ca bnh rng : ( khng dch

chnh )
D 22 m( Z 2)
D o mZ cos o

( o=20 )
o

h = 2m
b bmZ

L = mZ
3)
vh (1,5 2) m s
vd (3 5) m s
4 ) Ch khi tnh trc :
Tnh bn trc bm theo ti trng tc dng :
Gi fmax l cong ln nht ca trc .
l

l chiu di lm vic gia 2 ca trc .

Ta phi m bo :
f max
0,00005 0,00001
l

Phi tnh ton khe h gia bnh rng v v ln hn

bin dng ca trc .

-

Tm mi bin php gim ti trng hng knh tng

bn cho trc .
5 ) Chn :
C th dng 2 loi :
Loi ln .
Loi trt .
a ) Loi trt :
Kch thc nh nhng phi s dng kim loi mu .
Ti trng ring tc dng ln b mt trt :

py

L
2b / D

Trong :

b/

Chiu di

ng knh .

Nu trt lm bng hp kim ng - ch - thic :

kg
p y 80 100 cm 2

l du nhn

cht lng lm vic

p y 20 25 kg

cm 2

cht lng lm vic l

du ho .
-

Vn tc vng trn b mt trt :

v 5m

Khe h hng knh gia v trc :

s1 D d (0,0015 0,003) d

l : chiu di lm vic gia 2 trt

+

Nu p thp :
D
0,9 1,1
l

Nu p trung bnh :
D
1,1 1,5
l

Nu p cao :
D
1,5 1,75
l

b ) Loi ln :
Xc nh h s kh nng lm vic ca :
C LK t K m (nh ) 0,3

Trong :
+

Kt

c trng cho dng ti trng :

Km

Kt = 1, 2 :

ti trng ng .

Kt = 1

ti trng tnh .

h s chu nhit :

t o 100 o C K m 1

i vi bm c p < 100

kg

cm 2

; h = 5000 n 6000 gi

ta chn bi a .
3 . BM VA NG C CANH GAT :
I . Kt cu v nguyn l lm vic :
1) Bm cnh gt tc dng n:
Bm gm c v hnh tr (1) trong c roto (2) t
lch tm 1 khong e, trn roto c cc bn phng 3 c th
trt trong rnh ca roto v lun c khuynh hng i ra t vo
thnh v bm nh l xo 4 . Khi roto quay , cc bn phng
ny gt cht lng v gi l cnh gt . Phn khng gian gii hn
gia roto vi v bm c gi l th tch lm vic .
Nguyn l lm vic :
Gi s khi lm vic roto quay theo chiu mi tn, th
tch cha cht lng vng A tng, p sut cht lng gim v
cht lng c ht vo bm qua ng ht 5. vng B, cht
lng b nn, p sut tng v cht lng c y vo ng
y 6.

 cht lng khng b chy ngc t B v A cng nh

khng b kt trong cc th tch lm vic th phi b tr
sao cho khi cnh gt ny bt u gt cht lng (v tr I) th
cnh kia bt u thi khng gt cht lng na (ra khi v
tr II).
Lu lng tc thi ca bm ph thuc vo din tch b
mt lm vic v tc vng ca cnh gt, nh vy lu lng
bm nh nht khi cnh gt bt u vo v tr I hoc ra
khi II v ln nht khi cnh gt v tr C.
bm c lu lng u hn: tng s cnh gt Z ln t 6
n 12
Gc gia 2 cnh gt:

360 o
a=
Z

cht lng khng chy ngc t bung ht v bung

y , ta b tr cc g chn AB , CD c chiu di thch hp
khi bm lm vic lun c mt cnh gt nm trong g
chn , ngha l gc chn ca AB , CD phi bng a .
Vic gt cht lng c thc hin khi cht lng i qua
AB , lu lng nh nht khi cht lng A hoc B v ln nht khi
cnh gt v tr thng ng .
cnh gt lun c xu hng i ra t vo v bm , ngi
ta ni thng cc u rnh trn roto vi bng y cht
lng c p sut cao i vo rnh thay th nhim v ca l xo
y cnh gt i ra .

Hai bm kho st trn trong mt vng quay ca roto ( 1

chu k lm vic ) thc hin mt ln ht v mt ln y nn
gi l bm cnh gt tc dng n.
Nhc im ca bm CG tc dng n l c lc
ngang tc dng ln roto do chnh lch p sut gia
bng y v bng ht. Do phi hn ch p sut
lm vic ca loi bm ny .
khc phc nhc in trn ta dng bm cnh gt tc
dng kp.
2 ) Bm cnh gt tc dng kp:
Kt cu :
Mt trong ca v bm khng phi l mt tr , tm
roto v tm stato trng nhau , khng c lch tm .
BC v FG :

2 cung c bn knh khng i r1

DE v AH

2 cung c bn knh khng

i r2
Khi roto quay theo chiu mi tn , cht lng c ht
vo t CD sau c a vo EF.
Ti pha kia , cht lng c trt vo t GH , sau c
a vo AB .
Vy ta c :
CD , GH

Hai bng ht ni vi ng ht

AB , EF

Hai bng y ni vi ng y

Nh vy trong mt vng quay ccos 2 qu trnh ht v

y cht lng : bm tc dng kp .

Cc bng ht v bng y c ngn cch nhau nh kt

cu ca v bm lm cho cc cnh gt lin tip nhau gt trn
cc cung ng tm .
Do lc hng trc trit tiu ln nhau ( 2 bng y i
xng ) nn p sut lm vic trong bm tc dng kp c th
ln hn trong bm tc dng n .
cnh gt trt d dng trong rnh , cnh c th b tr
nghing 1 gc = 6 n 13 o ngc pha chiu quay ca
roto .
3 ) Cc thng s lm vic v u nhc im :
Nhc im ca bm cnh gt :
So vi bm bnh rng, bm cnh gt c p sut lm
vic thp hn do c lc hng knh v s lm kn trong bm
cnh gt khng th tt htso vi bm bnh rng.
Bm tc dng n :
p < 20 at
Q = (5 - 150) l/s
n = (1000 - 2000) v/ph
Bm tc dng kp :
p < 70 at
Q = (5 - 200) l/s
n = (1000 - 2000) v/ph
Hiu sut nh thua bm bnh rng:
0,5 0,8

u im ca bm cnh gt :

- Kt cu nh gn, n gin.
- C kh nng iu chnh lu lng m khng phi thay i
s vng quay bng cch thay i lch tm e (bm tc
dng n).
- S dng trong h thng bi trn, truyn ng thu lc,
h thng cng ho tay li.
- Lm vic tt hn vi cht lng l du, nu dng nc th s
r st s gy ra ma st ln gia cnh gt v rnh lm gim
kh nng lm vic.
II . Lu lng ca bm cnh gt tc dng n
1) Lu lng trung bnh
2) Lu lng tc thi
r

bn knh stato

chiu dy cnh

s cnh

chiu cao lm vic ca l cnh

h0

chiu cao lm vic ca l cnh v tr

cao nht
h0 = 2e
1 ) Lu lng trung bnh :
Gi
fA

din tch to bi cnh gt v hai v tr

lc bt u v kt thc
gt

Ta c :
Q = fAbZn Q
Tnh ton trong 1 pht :
Q = 2neb ( 2r Z )

Q = Ql

Trong :
Q 0,8 0,9

2 ) Lu lng tc thi :
a ) ng hc ca cnh :
Gi R = O2D l khong cacchs t tm roto n u
cnh , R thay i theo gc quay ca cnh .
0 R 0

Xt tam gic O1O2D :

R r cos e cos( 4)

Vy :
R r cos e cos

h R (r e) r (cos 1) e(1 cos )

Trong :
+

re :

bn knh roto
nh cos 1 :

h e(1 cos )

b ) Lu lng tc thi ca bm :
Q u CF

Trong :
+

din tch lm vic ca cnh gt :

F = hb

uC

vn tc vng ca trng tm phn lm

vic ca cnh gt .
h

u C R
2

Cos 0

u C r cos e cos 0,5e1 cos

u C r 0,5e1 cos

Khi khng k chiu dy cnh th :

Q = bhuC
= r 0,5e1 cos eb1 cos
Vy :
Q e b r 0,5e1 cos 1 cos

Kt lun :

Q thay i ph thuc gc :
90 o ,270 o

Q min (r 0,5e)eb

Qmax = 2.r.e.b.

180 o

Khng
270 360 o

xt

trng

hp

0 90 o v

trng

hp

v c hai cnh gt lun phin nhau gt cht lng

90 o 270 o .

Khi b qua 0,5e th :

Qmax = 2Qmin

Bm tc dng n nhiu cnh gt :

Qmax = 2reb
Qmin ph thuc s lng cnh gt v ph thuc vo im

bt u i vo g chn lm vic tng ng vi gc

min

a
2

vi

360 o
Z

So snh ta thy lu lng u hn bm 2 cnh gt .

c ) S hao ht lu lng khi xt n b dy cnh :
Gi
Q 4/

lu lng hao ht do b dy cnh

Q 4/

bm 2 cnh gt
Q4

Trong :

vb

vn tc tng i ca cnh trt trong

rnh .
dh

v = dt

l sin

Xt bm nhiu cnh gt th c ta thy c

Z
1
2

cnh

lun chim ch trong bung y :

Z
Q 4/ lb sin sin a ...... sin 1 a
2

Gi Q 4 l lu lng ca bm khi k n chiu dy

cnh .
Q Q Q /

3 ) iu chnh lu lng:
i vi bm tc dng n c th iu chnh lu lng
bng cch thay i lch tm e:
Nu 2 tm trng nhau:

e0Q0

: cnh gt ch

khuy cht lng trong khu vc lm vic, khng thc hin

vic ht v y cht lng.
Nu 2 tm lch nhau e max Q max
X dch thnh v v pha bn kia, my lm vic i
chiu, bung y tr thnh bung ht.
III . Lu lng ca bm tc dng kp :
c im : Do cc cung BC , DE , FG , AH c bn knh
khng i v ng tm vi roto nn chiu cao lm vic h
ca l cnh cng khng i , do cc cnh thay nhau gt cht

lng trong 2 cung DE , AH nn lu lng khng thay i theo

gc quay .
Ta c :
h = r2 r1
uC

r2 r1

M :
Q 2hbu C

Nn :
r2 r1
b
2

Q 2 r2 r1

Q b r22 r12 2nb r22 r12

Khi k n chiu dy cnh :

Q Q Q

Vi :
+

h/

chiu cao cnh

Ta c :
h/

r2 r1
cos

Nn :

Q 2nb r22 r12 2bZn

Nhn xt :

r2 r1
cos

Q ca bm cnh gt tc dng kp = const nn do p

sut lm vic cng khng i . l u im ni bt ca
bm cnh gt tc dng kp
IV . Lc tc dng trong bm cnh gt:
1) Lc tc dng ln b mt cnh gt do chnh lch p sut
Tnh lc tnh Moment cn t suy ra moment quay
ca trc bm:

Bm tc dng n :
chnh p gia 2 bn mt cnh :
p p d p h

Lc tc dng ln cnh : P = b.h.p = b.h.p

lv

Lc P t ti trng tm C ca phn lm vic ca cnh

gt, Moment cn tc dng ln cnh :

O2C = P. (R-0,5h)
R = r e cos
h e
1 cos
2 2

M p lv b e r 0,5e1 cos 1 cos

Vy :
M p lv K M
V :
K M be r 0,5e1 cos 1 cos
M dao ng theo , t gi tr ln nht khi

180 o

P.

M max 2 p b e r

Bm tc dng kp :
Vi :

r1 r2
2

Ta c :
M 2p r2 r1 b

r1 r2
2

M pb r22 r12 : khng ph thuc

2 ) Lc tc dng ln cnh gt:

a ) Lc ly tm :
Sinh ra do khi lng ca cnh trong qu trnh chuyn
ng quay cng roto.
Plt = m.ar
+

: khi lng cnh gt

ar

: gia tc ly tm, gi tr ph thuc vn tc

quay ca roto
ar =

h*
/ 2 R
2

Vi :
+

h* :

chiu cao c cnh

h*
Pl m2 r
e cos
2

Nhn xt: Lc ly tm ph thuc gc quay thay i

theo t .

h*
180 o Pl max m2 r
e
2

Lc ly tm c xu hng p cnh gt vo thnh v

bm.
b ) Lc qun tnh ca chuyn ng tng i ca
cnh gt trong rnh:
Khi roto quay, cnh tnh tin trong rnh vi vn tc thay
i, gy ra lc qun tnh. Gi a l gia tc ca chuyn
ng tnh tin trong rnh ca cnh:
Pqt = - m.a
a

dv d 2 h d 2 e1 cos

dt dt 2
dt

a e2 cos

Lc ny c xu hng y cnh t vo v bm hoc ngc

li tu theo gc .
0 0 90 o / 270 0 360 o cos 0, Pqt 0

: lc qun tnh ko cnh

tr li (ngc chiu lc ly tm).

Pqmax khi

180 o :

Pqt max me 2

c) Lc to bi p sut cht lng tc dng ln chn

cnh y cnh i ra t vo v bm:

Pp p lv b canh

Lc tng hp tc dng ln cnh gt :

P P p P lt P qt P ms

Do c th b qua lc Pms nn :

h*
P max pb m 2 r
e me2

Lc

l nguyn nhn gy ra s mi mn u cnh

gt v v bm, khi s vng quay cng ln ( ln) th

cng ln, s mi mn din ra cng nhanh .

gim bt lc
3mm

c th gim chiu dy ca cnh gt :

3) Lc tc dng ln roto (lc ngang) i vi BCG tc

dng n:
Proto p 2r b p lv 2r b

Trong r l bn knh stato

Lc ny do chnh lch p sut bng y v bng ht
tc dng ln roto. hn ch lc ny th trong thc t phi
tin hnh s dng phng php gim p sut lm vic:
p 20 30at

( Bm tc dng n )

i vi bm tc dng kp th lc ny khng c do
p sut lm vic c th n 70 at.

V. Tnh bm cnh gt :
Hnh dng ng vin stato ca bm cnh gt :
Mt stato khng phi l mt tr trn xoay m gm 2
mt tr bn knh R , r o ni vi nhau bng nhng ng cong
chuyn tip . Hnh dng ng cong chuyn tip ny xc
nh kh nng lm vic ca my v n xc nh ng hc
v ng lc hc ca cnh gt trong bm do phi khng
c t bin vn tc ca cnh gt v nu c t bin th
lc qun tnh s lm cho cnh gt khng tip xc vi stato
hoc t qu mnh vo stato dn n vic ma st lm cnh
gt mn nhanh v lm vic c ting n .
ng CA l ng cong Archimde :
r0 a

Vi :
a

R r0

V :
t

Vn tc tng i gia roto v cnh gt l :

Vy :

R r0
dp d
r0
t
dt dt

Ti C :

R r0

W = 0 , sau t

R r0
. Do ta phi

khc phc hin tng ny bng cch thay i ng Arch

bng 2 on :
-

CD

Tip tuyn vi ro

DA

ni tip cung bn knh R

Ta c :
ID =

R1 - R1cos

HC =

ro

- Rcos

V :
HC = ID
Nn :
R1

r0 R cos
1 cos

Phng trnh ng thng CD :

r0
cos

Vit phng trnh cung DA theo to cc :

Xt tam gic O1OY2 :
OO12 O1Y 2 OY 2 2O1YOY cos

Vi :

OYO1

M :
OO1 = R R1
O 1 Y = R1
OY =

Nn :
2 2R 1 cos R 12 R R 1 0
2

Mt khc :
OO1
O1 Y
OO1

sin
sin
sin sin
O1 Y

OO1

sin
cos 1
O1Y

Gii phng trnh trn vi

R 1 cos R 12 cos 2 ( R R 1 ) 2

Thay cos v rt gn :
R R 1 cos R 12 ( R R 1 ) 2 sin 2 ( )

Xc nh vn tc ca cnh gt trong roto ( W ) trn

on CD :

d
r0 sin
cos 2
dt

Xc nh vn tc ca cnh gt trong roto ( W ) trn

cung AB :

d
R R 1 sin
dt
W

Xt 2 tam gic O1DB v OCB , ta c :

R
BD O1D R 1

BD BC 1
BC OC
r0
r0

Vy :
BD = BC DC
=

CD arctg

r0 tg r0 tg CD

R r0 sin
r0 1 cos

R r0 cng nh th D cng gn C .
R r0 cng ln th D cng xa C .
Khi

CD
4
2 8

Cnh gt chuyn ng cng vn tc quay

u

=c
Ti trng tm cnh gt :

Trong :

l

2

vi :

chiu di cnh gt

Ti x :
aW

d 2
cos 2 2 sin 2
2 r0
2
dt
cos 3

a U 2

a C 2W
0

aW

aU

a C0

aC

Nhn xt :
Trn CD ta thy a W

aU

Hiu 2 gia tc ny hng t tm n mt stato , lc

qun tnh hng t stato n tm . V

vy lc ly tm

khng m bo nn cnh gt vo stato , do cnh gt t

vo stato .
2 iu kin thit k :
W tng dn sau gim dn .

aU aW

ln to sc p cnh gt ln stato khc

phc lc ma st .
Thit k li :

r0

2 R r0 2
2

4 R r0
2

aW

4 R r0 2
2

aU aW
2r0 R

Nn R r0

4 R r0
2

4 2 l 2

4
8

V d :

; N 8 R 1,15r0 0,0775l
4

; N 12 R 1,27 r0 0,136l
3