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GTM Chuong 2
GTM Chuong 2
I RMS
1 2
=
i (t )dt
U RMS
T 0
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
1 2
u (t )dt
T 0
3
2.2 Qu trnh iu ha
M t
=
i (t ) I m sin(t + )
Dng in , in p
=
u (t ) U m sin(t + )
Im , Um : bin
: tn s gc
, : pha ban u
Tr hiu dng
I RMS =
U RMS =
Im
2
Um
2
4
2.2 Qu trnh iu ha
: pha ban u, ta c th
ni u2(t) sm pha so vi
u1(t), hoc u1(t) chm pha
so vi u2(t).
0 ta ni u1(t) v u2(t)
lch pha.
=0 ta ni u1(t) v u2(t)
ng pha
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
=
u1 (t ) U1m sin(t + 1 )
=
u2 (t ) U 2 m sin(t + 2 )
Ta ni u1(t) nhanh pha hn u2(t) mt gc th =1-2 (hay
ta c th ni 2 chm pha hn 1 mt gc ).
Nu ta ni u2(t) nhanh pha hn u1(t) mt gc th =2-1
=
u (t ) U m sin(t + )
Vct quay
u (t ) U m sin(t + )
Biu din di dng vct quay
=
u1 (t ) U1m sin(t + 1 )
=
u2 (t ) U 2 m sin(t + 2 )
Biu din di dng vct quay
Vct quay
u1 (t ) + u2 (t )
=
u1 (t ) U1m sin(t + 1 )
=
u2 (t ) U 2 m sin(t + 2 )
u=
(t ) u1 (t ) + u2 (t )
= U1m sin(t + 1 ) + U 2 m sin(t + 2 )
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
nh phc
=
f (t ) Fm sin(t + )
F= Fm e = Fm
{}
{}
=
f1 (t ) Im
=
Fm
Fm sin(t + )
Cc quan h
=
f 2 (t ) Re
=
Fm
Fm cos(t + )
FRMS
F
=
2
10
Cho : f (t ) F ; g (t ) G
VD : f (t ) =3cos(2t + 30o ) F =330o
g (t ) = 4 cos(2t 60o ) G = 4 60o
Tnh t l kf (t ) k F
3 f (t ) 3F =
930o
Tnh xp chng
f (t ) g (t ) F G
f (t ) + g (t=
) 5cos(2t 23,130 )
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
11
Cho : f (t ) F ; g (t ) G
VD : f (t ) =3cos(2t + 30o ) F =330o
g (t ) = 4 cos(2t 60o ) G = 4 60o
df (t )
Tnh o hm
j F
dt
df ( t )
dt
=
6sin(2t + 30o ) =
6 cos(2t + 120o ) j 2 F =
6120o
f (t )dt
1
j
o
o
3
3
f (t )dt =
sin(2
t
+
30
)
=
cos(2
t
60
)
2
2
1
j2
o
3
F =
60
2
12
uR
uL
Min t
uR + uL + uC =
e(t )
uC
e(t)
=
e
(
t
)
E
E
e
Min phc
m
R I + j L I +
I=
1
jC
I=
E
Em
R + j ( L 1C )
Ri + L dtdi + C1 idt =
e(t )
( R + j L j
1
C
E Pt i s
)I =
100o
10
0
2
36,87
I=
=
=
1
4 + j (2.2 2.0,5
) 4 + j3
13
Min phc
Mch xc lp
iu ha
Mch phc
H phng trnh
vi tch phn
H phng trnh
i s phc
Tn hiu iu ha
nh phc
14
in tr
i(t)
UR
Cung pha
IR
u(t)
=
iR I m cos(t + )
=
uR Ri
=
RI m cos(t + )
R
Min phc
IR
R
UR
I R =
Im
U R =RI m
UR = R IR
15
in cm
i(t)
UL
IL
u(t)
I m cos(t + )
diL
0
=
+
cos(
90
)
u=
L
LI
t
L
m
dt
iL
Min phc
IL
I m
IL =
U L = j LI m
jL
UL
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
U L = j L I L
16
in dung
i(t)
IC
u(t)
uC
UC =
U m
U m cos(t + )
UC
duC
0
=
jCU m
iC C = CU m cos(t + + 90 ) I=
C
dt
Min phc
IC
-j/C
UC
j
UC =
IC
C
17
in tr
in cm
in dung
IR
UR = R IR
UR
IL
jL
UL
IC
-j/C
UC
=
U L j=
L I L jX L I L
j
UC =
I C jX C I C
=
C
18
Tr khng
jL -j/C
1
Y=
Z
Dn np
U =ZI
I =YU
Z =R + jX =Z
R
I
jL
-j/C
U
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
Y
U
Y= G + jB= Y
Tr khng & Dn np
Z: Tr khng
(impedance)
R: in tr
(resistance)
X: in khng (reactance)
n v tnh []
Y: Dn np
(admittance)
G: in dn (conductance)
B: in np (susceptance)
n v tnh [S]
Z =R + jX =Z
| Z |: module cua Z
: goc lech pha gia u va i
= u i
Y= G + jB= Y
| Y |: module cua Y
: goc lech pha gia i va u
= i u
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
20
=
0
nt
U K =
0
vngkn
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
21
V d
i1(t)
i2(t)
5cos3t [V] 3
Gii
1H
S phc ha
I1
a
I3
I2
5 0o V
I
II
j3
-j3
1/9F
Nt a
I1 I 2 I 3 =
0
0
Vng I 50 + I1 + (3 + j 3) I 2 =0
i3(t)
I1 = 136,87 ; I 2 = 1 53,130
I=
3
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
281,87 0
22
V d
I1
I2
5 0o V
I
I3
I1 = 136,87 0
II
-j3 I = 1 53,130
2
I=
3
j3
281,87 0
U R1 = 1 I1 = 136,87 0
U R 2 = 3 I 2 = 3 53,130
U L = j 3 I 2 = 336,87 0
U C = j 3 I 3 = 3 2 8,130
23
V d ngun ph thuc
Tm i1 ? i2 ?
i
3sin4t 2
[A] 4
1
F
8
i1
uR
+
-
S phc ha
a -j2
I2
30 A
4
UR
b
I1 + I2 =
3
jI1 + I2 =
0
Gii
1
uR
2
I1 + I2 =
3 ( K1)
j 2 I1 + 0,5U R 4 I2 =
0 ( K 2)
U = 4 I (Ohm)
=
I1 3
=
I2 3
I1
I
+
-
2 45o
2 45o
1
UR
2=
i1 (t ) 3
2 sin(4t + 45o ) A
=
i2 (t ) 3
2 sin(4t 45o ) A
24
nh ngha :
Phn loi:
th vet p, vect dng
th vet tr khng, dn np
th vet cng sut
25
U =+
3 j 4 =
5 53,13
53,130
3
Re
+1
26
th vect v nh phc
Cho
Tm
U1 =
12 + j 5 ; U 2 =
9 + j12
U= U1 + U 2
Dng nh phc
U 2 =+
9 j12 =
1553,130
Dng th vect
Im
Im
12
53,130
5
53,130
22,62
0
12
22,620
Re
=390
Re
27
V d th vect v nh phc
a
jXL
Uac
b
jXC
Uac
Uab
Ubc
Tm R v XL nu bit I=2A,
Uac=100V, Uab=173V,
Ubc=100V (RMS)
U ab2 + U bc2 U ac2
cos = 0,865
=
2U abU bc
= 300 = 600
I =20 U ab =173600
0
U ab
R + jX L= = 43, 25 + j 75
I
=
R 43, 25
75
X=
L
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
28
th vng ca tr khng v dn np
Z2
R
Z2
Y2
jB
Y1
Y2
Y1
G
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
29
th vng ca tr khng v dn np
Z,Y
Biu thc tr
khng & dn np
jXL
Z= R + jX L
1
1
G jB
Z= =
=
Y G + jB G 2 + B 2
G
R =2
G + B2
jX
Z
1
2
G
+B =
2
R
2
R
R
jB
1
2R
1
R
30
th vng ca tr khng v dn np
Z,Y
Biu thc tr
khng & dn np
jXL
Z= R + jX L
1
1
G jB
Z= =
=
Y G + jB G 2 + B 2
B
XL =
G2 + B2
jX
1
1
2
G +
+B =
2
2
X
X
L
L
Z
R
jB
G
1
2X L
1
XL
31
th vng ca tr khng v dn np
Mch
R
Qu tch tr khng
Qu tch dn np
jB
jX
R
Z,Y
Z
jXC
1
2R
G
1
R
1
2R
jB
R
Z,Y
jXC
1
XC
jX
R
Z
1
2XC
Y
G
32
th vng ca tr khng v dn np
Mch
Qu tch tr khng
Qu tch dn np
1
R
jB
jX
Z,Y
jXL
Z
1
2R
R
1
R
jX
jB
1
XL
Z,Y
jXL
1
2X L
1
XL
R
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
33
th vng ca tr khng v dn np
Mch
Qu tch tr khng
Z,Y
1
R
1
2R
jX
Qu tch dn np
jB
jXC
Y
1
R
jX
R
Z,Y
jXC
1
2XC
1
XC
jB
Y
1
XC
34
Xt mt on mch m dng v p ti xc lp iu ha l
i(t)
i (t ) I m cos(t + i )
=
u (t ) U m cos(t + u )
=
u(t)
1
1
(t ) u (t )i=
(t )
p=
U m I m cos(u i ) + U m I m cos(2t + u + i )
2
2
p(t) > 0 : mch ang nhn cng sut
p(t) < 0 : mch ang pht cng sut
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
35
36
i(t) Z
=
u (t ) U m cos(t + u )
u(t)
Z
=
u i ; Z =
t0 + T
1
1
=
p (t )dt
U m I m cos [W ]
2
T t0
{ }
1
P UI
cos
Re U I
=
2
1 2
P = I m Re {Z }
2
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
37
P = UI cos
{ }
1
P = Re U I
2
1 2
P = I m Re {Z }
2
{ }
1
Q = Im U I
2
1 2
Q = I m Im {Z }
2
Bi ging
Gii tch Mch 2012
Ch2-2
38
38
i(t) R
in tr
u(t)
I m cos(t + )
p (t )
RI2
u(t)
i(t)
u = Ri
p (t ) = Ri
p(t)
RI cos ( t + )
2
m
1 2
p (t ) = RI m [1 + cos(2t + 2 ) ]
2
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
1 2
P = RI m
2
P = RI 2
Q=0
39
in cm
i(t) L
u(t)
I m cos(t + )
di
u=L
dt
p(t)
u(t)
i(t)
di
p (t ) = Li
dt
2
p (t ) =
LI m cos(t + ) sin(t + )
1
p (t ) =
X L I m2 sin(2t + 2 )
2
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
P=0
1
Q = LI m2
2
Q = LI 2
40
in dung
i(t)
u(t)
I m cos(t + )
i(t)
1
u = idt
u(t)
C
p(t)
i
p (t ) = idt
C
1 2
p (=
t)
I m cos(t + ) sin(t + )
C
1
p (t ) =
X C I m2 sin(2t + 2 )
2
Bi ging Gii tch Mch 2012
P=0
1 2
Q=
Im
2C
1 2
Q=
I
C
41
P = UI cos
Q = UI sin
=
S
P +Q
2
1
=
S =
Um Im U I
2
{}
{}
P = Re S
[VA]
Q = Im S
42