Professional Documents
Culture Documents
U G U G
G : G GUG, } H , SH},
GG GH} }H HH }G}} G
G
UG -G
U SH} UG G H GH }
G G H
U Gx x J G
:
} : H
! } G} Gv} U G H }
G} GH UG} ! G-G} Gx H J
: H G U U M UG G H J
GH xG} }
UGG
}xGUG
13 H H } U }
1428
SH} }G
SH} }G (G-G)
U (SH} U }G)
G GGU, } H , SH} GG
GH} }H HH }G}} G
G GU -G
G } G GU} J
}H } ( SH}) U U
S}H GG } U U }U--H }
G U J } x U x U} }H
} U ( GG }v -}H) }
GHG GU} U
U} J
G : }H } ( SH})
}U--H }
Hv , HGU U }S U },
G, G} -1, x,
MO. 9374031409
E-mail : maktabahind@gmail.com
SH} }G
}G-HG GM H U, H U
GUG } GU} H J
G } } vGUG x J
GUG G
GUG
SH} }G
}G-HG GM H U, H U
GUG } GU} H J
G} } vGUG x J
GUG G
GUG
SH} }G
G U SG GGU
G G L GU G
G U U U GUG UL J
S U } } - g G U}
U S SH} U H GUG J
(G-G)
SH} }G
}HGU :
G GGU, } H S, SH}
GG GH} }H HH
}G}} S G
G GU -G
:
}U--H },G}
2
SH} }G
} U :
SH} U }G (G-GU)
}HGU :
G GGU, } H S,
SH} GG GH} }H HH }G}}
S G
G GU -G
S GG : . 1432 ., . 2011 .G
}U--H },G}
}U--H } U }wGHGU G
}}
19,20 ,
} G } } GH ,
} S GUS U S},
}} GU :
H
022-23454429
H GU : 011-23284560
x
xG G }S U }, GU x ,
}}, x,
} G U
(M) 09373110621
S , x, } : 0145 2629385
}- : U U U U G J
SH} }G
G
SGUG
GUS
11
11
11
12
13
14
15
18
18
19
19
19
20
21
21
22
24
25
26
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
SGUG
G } U U 5 GU}
H }-
S S G U
S U S G S G
S U GU}
S }-GU<GU
xGSH U G UGU
U G U H 9 GU}
G U } 20
xGSH U GGU
M GU U GUGH
GUG xGSH } GG U U
GU U H
xGSH } G U G}
U GH } S U GU}
xGSH U GGU (G-GU)
xGSH U 3 GUG
SH} U H xGS H U 23 GG
GwG} U ^
xGSH GUG U 5 S
S } xGSH GUG
} xGSH U U GGU
GU U Gv} }
GU U GG
xGSH U 5 S }GUG
xGSH U 24 }SG }GUG
U xGSH } }wGHGU
xGSH S GH G ?
S vG GG
H U x
34
35
37
37
39
40
41
41
45
47
47
47
48
48
49
50
51
52
54
55
55
55
56
57
57
57
58
59
59
59
SH} }G
G
GUS
SGUG
G U
U U GH } M GU G
xH } (INK) U } ?
U HxG ?
SS U U S
G S U --U S }xGGU U }H
{ U U GG
}}} U GGU
}}} U GUG
}}} U 10 S
}}} U GGU (G-GU)
}}} U 26 }- UH
G U GGU
} U
G U U GUGH
G U H x
G U S GG
G U 8 }- UH
GUH LG S G
SH} U }GG
M GU U GUGH
GU}y U S S S
}G U
U, US U S x !
GwG} Gy } }GG
G SH GG U GGU
}GG U U S
G} U U S
}GG U
U GUS}
SGUG
84
84
90
91
93
94
96
99
100
100
102
103
104
107
107
108
109
109
110
110
111
111
112
113
113
114
114
114
115
116
SH} }G
GUS
G
SGUG
}G S
}G } U x
}G GU S GGU
}G } S }
}G } w
v U } xG-yG
}G U 26 }vLy yG}
U U
yGG Gy U gy
}G } UU
x wG
U} w
S} U yG G U w
}G U yGGU w
}G yS
}G U 30 }vLy yG
G U wG 2 zG U | v U
}G ~ U 12 }- U
116
G UGU y
~ U SH} U U U U S
S S U 14 }- UH
GUy
S S U yGGU
S yy yG U }y
}
S H U 11 }- UH
S yy U yGGU
S RU U
}G U x S xG SwGy x
}G U x S xG U } 15 GU}
128
116
117
117
118
118
119
119
119
120
120
121
121
122
122
124
126
127
129
129
131
132
132
132
133
135
135
136
137
SGUG
G 17 }- UH
}G x U zGSH
}G U G H
} } Gy} GU U U
G S }GGUG U G}H
GUG }G U GGU
M GU U GUGH
} U GGUU
G x} S H
U }G GUG U H | GUSGU
UH U G
GU } x U H
x }G G |H .....?
} } U G }Hx ?
U G GSGG } U
U x
, GUG G U GU
U v
U }G U H x U
GUG U H
U GUG U
}GH G } GUG G} !
G} | U GUG U G
GUG U }
GUG G} U GGU (G-GU)
}G GUSG U GUG
G} < U }G
U U vG }G
}G U }G U }GGU ?
G} | U }G G
139
142
143
146
146
147
147
148
148
148
149
149
150
151
151
152
153
154
154
154
155
155
156
156
156
157
157
158
158
158
SH} }G
GUS
G
SGUG
GUG U HzGG U |H x U G
GUH U x GUG G} G
GU GSG U GUH G U
G U v U ?
v }xG U vG G ?
G U GUG U v Gv} ?
}G U GU
}G} U GU U U }SH
100 UG U GH
x U x U GUG
GU U -G GH
100 zG U H }H
UGUG U UG
}SU U UG
GG GG U GU UzGGU
GU U x U S
GUH U
M GU U GUGH
H U U SG
SHHH
} }G G U S
xG U H U GH HG
U U 8 GU
(1) S }G G
(2) U }v U || U S G !
(3) } US }x !
(4) } x G G S ?
(5) G U H x U G G
(6) H G
(7) } U } |U H G
158 (8) x G U H G
159
159
159
160
161
161
163
164
166
166
167
168
168
169
169
170
170
170
171
171
172
173
173
174
174
175
175
176
177
}G GU
}G U GUGH
SHSG
SHSG G U GGU
SG
}G SG } U S S G
SHH U GUGH
}G U GGU
GH G
SHH S
SHH G
U }H x
x U }G
x U }G G U GGU
}G
G U zGH U S
S GS U } GU} }SGGU
G U G zGH U | v U
S U GGU (G-GU)
M GU U GUGH
S U GGU
G}G} S S U US ?
S G U LGG LS
S U GU} { H
H } U
U
G}}} } U
S U H U GU}
}^ U H SS GGUGU
SGUG
178
179
180
180
181
182
183
154
185
185
186
187
189
191
191
192
193
193
194
195
195
196
199
199
200
200
200
201
202
204
SH} }G
G
I UGU v U UGU
zGG G U H U GGU
G H U Gv}
US } U}
U x U US
H S H }G
H xZ U }G
SwG G} GUG G U vSG
GU
GU H
GUG G S GUH H U GU
H GH U 47
G} S G } | U
GG GUS U
M GU U GUGH
GG US U ?
SGG US U ?
GG U x
GG U Gv}
GG U }g
US }H} U SGG
GG U U} G U} G}
GG U } U} G U} GUSH
} }SH
GUS U
GUS U GM GG
GUS U }-GHGU U GM }SH
G}H SGUG ......?
xGHG GU} U GH
SGG U GU}
GG GUS U 21 GU}
GUS
SGUG
G
SGUG
G G GUS U }-GHGU }- UH
227
G
G
H
230
205
231
206 } S GGUG U H......
231
206 GG U G U vGS
231
206 GG U G wG
232
207 US GG U GH
}
U
G
G
H
207
232
208 GG U 6 GH
232
209 GG U U GH
233
209 U 5 GH
233
210 G}H U vHGU U 6 GH
235
212 GS GvGH } H U H
235
213 } G}H U H G}H
236
213 G}H } G
236
214 x } G x ....
236
215 SGU
237
215 G}H U GGUG U 7 GH
237
216 HU U GH
239
216 GGUS U 2 GH
239
216 S U
240
217 M GU U GUGH
240
2317 S U vGS}
240
218 S xGHG
240
218 { U U
242
218 S xGHG U Gv}
242
219 } U }vG U GG
243
220
244
S GUG GU
220
244
S GGUGU U Gv}
221
244
xH U Gv}
221
245
U Gv}
204
SH} }G
G
U GU
{ } S G ......?
, G}, wG xG US U ?
wG H G } U U U G G U
x S H G}
U U
}H U wG U
U U
x } wG
U S a
G} U {
U }x
xGHG H }v
U U GU}
xH } G U
SG U G U H U
H S U H U H S
U S
U } } H ?
U } } H
H } } H ?
}- } U } U H} U GUG
U S
x{ U S U
wG H } S
G U U x U LyG
SG x
wG U
} U } U
GUS
SGUG
245
246
246
247
248
248
248
249
249
249
249
249
250
250
251
252
252
252
252
253
253
254
254
254
254
255
255
255
255
G
SGUG
U
255
xH M}H
256
S H U UG
256
H (S x)
256
U GU ?
256
G} U x }G US U
257
U U H S GG
257
xG G S H UG US G G { 257
x S U x UG GU ? 257
H S H UG U U U }- GHGU 6 }- UH 258
H U { } G G
260
} U U } G G
260
U U UG S { U }SH 260
U UG U U U S GGU 261
x } } UG U U U GGU
262
H U UG U U U GGU
262
U U U U GGU
263
U } S x US U ?
263
U H H UG { U }SH 264
x UG U G S GSS U
264
{ S UG { US ?
265
} H UG U U U 6 GU}
265
M U U U GGU
266
U U U GGU
266
U xG U U U GGU
267
U U U GGU
267
U U U GGU
267
UGU U S}H S xG
268
SH} U 23 }-
269
SH} }G
} GU H GG, }} H S, }H
}} G} G G
GU} : G}
S S GU U }G GGU S x, G xGSH }G GG
xG GM U GU} S }
GHG J , }GG
(US) GG, (}G, }HG}) , xGG wGS
S GH } S U }-GHGU GU} G S GUGU
, GUG G U GSH U xGGU, G xG
} vG GG U G J GUG G U zGH } }xGH
GS } S U SwG S U U U}
} GU U GUG G U GUGH } vG x J
(GU -G }G, . 23, S. 647 , 648)
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
SH} }G
10
}GU} }} G U GGU U U S U
GU H U ! H GGU H-} H} S GGUGU
U GU U U U U GSS }
GUG G U S} J H
S U U }HGU, S
U }G-HG U H H (U SH} | U H
| S } UGU U } }- UH ) U GGUG wG GU U
U U SGG }SH G}H U S U
U SG S J H U
Sx }
U S G SG U }U GU} wGHS U H GH
H S }H }H U J
} G}H S SG
U wGHS S GG H
G G
G : H
! S U U
GGG U SH S U H G x
U S xG} U vG }G xG } vGS}
U, }GH } S U S U GGUH } |
2 } G U J
GH xG} }
GUG
}xGGU
27 -H } 1429 ./
29-7-2008
SH} }G
G U GG U
}G S
U SH GMGU U
S S U G U 16
GU} }SGUG
:
}S} U S U G}H S J
(H }}H U H
G-, H GS : 5942, . 6 , S. 185 )
}- UH : (1) xG U US | G-}H G U
S }H (2) G, S | G J
1wGHS U S }SH S U G H
U GGU
x 2G
H SG S U G 3GUH M }G-HG
UMx 4 S U }G-HG U GG GUG GH} Sx 5 G,
xGSH }G xG LS UMx 6 }SH S} } x
S U H U}
--} UGH
} : Hx G} H S x } G} ( : 14,
GH : 43) G}H U G-H} S LG UMx 7(
G SG ) GGGM GS GS }GU} H UMx
8(G SG U) H SGUG GM U Hx
9S }SH } x S U Gx
10 Gx |
G}H U x 11 SH} Sx
12 G} } x S S }SH } v UMx
13S
SH} U U G U xG Hx 14(U} G
U} 12 G GS GUGU) U G U S U GGU x
15S U U }G-HG U S S }} U SH UMx
16U xG } -G xG-H }H U H U
}
GHG UMx (G U UH GS }GU )
7
SH} }G
11
G U GG U
(G-GU)
G U GGU
M GU U GUGH
(}}GGG, . 10, S.
253,
GS : 17298 )
xH H x }GGU U U SG
GG S G}
S U
GG S GS} xG
G U H
}x U U S } }G U H
, } U H H U GG
2 { J ( U)
} GG U : H
U UGU U
8
SH} }G
12
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S
} M U G GGUGU wG x J
J
GU} : }
U}
U GU} S U U}H
G U S U xH H x }GGU U x J
(
xG
HH }G, . 1 , S. 93, GS : 11 )
x G U GU
G U H U x G , S G} }
U } zGG GU vGH U GG GH} GH
GU} , U } S }}
G} GGU
}G }S UGU U G G
} GU H x U U G , S S
G (} S}H ) U GUG U J
GU} : ! } U GU} S U
H J S GU GG U, } U J U wGS U G
(} S}H H ) U GUG U ,
S wGS S GU}, } | ! G S U
H J S GG U, } U J U wGS U G U
GUG U S GU}, x
S S U H J S GG U : } U J
S }} G} GGU
UGU U
GS U Hx U G G HG
9
SH} }G
13
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
x G
} S UGU U Gy} U G
}x, H
G GUH GU} H S S
U G U H U x G G
x J
(H }GH U, . 1, S. 130,)
GU } x |GU !
GG S G} GH
S
U U wGS GUH U x S U Hx }
GU G
x S} J S GU } zG U x GU
GU} : } U H GH U GG U 100 UG
}x J S : v }x ? } vG G x U
wG U J GU GU} : H S50
UG } x J S wGS GS U
U U GU U UG x GG
H U U UG } S S }} GU } x |GU
! S U } } UG v } ? GU
: U U G }G G
J U } U }GH} S GU H U }x
S U } U J
(GSS, S. 165, GH H, . 4 , S. 157 , GU} : 5101)
SH} ! G }G G SwG U
10
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
14
G U GG U
: S U S } GRU S }
J GU-GU U}
U GU} : H GG
U G S} U SG ( }GGU G
) xG G U }G G UG J
(}-GGH G HH GU, S.
468)
G S U GMGU U
S S 15 }- UH
1}G
2S H
3GU GG} U
11
SH} }G
15
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
UH GU U GGU } U U x
}SG J G U H U S J H U
U U , H } G S | U H
zGGH J HG G S S GG U U } Gv}
H
H U GSH U U H G U
J S}H U H U | S J U
U H U U G x GU
U H x J (}}GGG, . 1, S. 513, GS : 1112)
2 3 3 U {, (H U U)
U xH U GHH | U J U} G U} 3
U } }SU U
}SU U { H J GH SH} GG S }}
}G}} }G}} xGGH
GU} , }SU
U vG }GG } GU } U GU GRUH
U H } U U U U J (GH
GH}, . 1 , S. 182 ) S{ U H S (
H U U) S GG UH U U } U
G x GG xG-xG | U
H J U S{ UU H ( { H
UGU ) S ( H U U) U } }
12
SH} }G
16
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
G U GG U
x U G x GG U U G U
, (H U U) S U SGU U
H xH U U SG } H J S
S GG { U S G S U H x MG
S H U G U U U U U H S S
U U H U x J U H S{
xH U S S { MGG U U U S} 3 { J
S GG U { H J 2 { G U
{ }SG J x G, Ux U S | G
U H H U U U
J x U H xG H U
G x xG H xG x
H S } H S S } GM J
vS SH} H } H U S 3
G U U U H S GG U
S U UH U U U
HG U GGU { J H |
U U U U G U (xG G
SGG S U) U SGU J (H U U)
S U }SGG S GG U U 2 x UH} U
xH U G U 2 U 3 3 xH U S U
13
SH} }G
17
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
G U GG U
S S }H H U H H U G
U xg U S GG H U S
xH U U GSS H S }x H S S
, SGU H }SG U S U J U xg
S H U H , UH} U xH
x S S UH }S , U
UH} U xH S U U M SyGG U x S
U U SyGG U }SGG U xH (
xH) U U SG } GH U xH U
S x U H GSS U }SGG U, GG SH}
xH U {H U U UH U }SGG
U S J S U }SGG U S GUH
GG U U G H H H H
G { U U U U GG
SGU J H S{ U xH S MG
U U wG U U U }SG U { H U
3 3 { H J 2 U xH U GHH
U S J (GHH U H ) S U }SG
GGU U U xH ( xH) S S{ U
xH U GHH MG U U x Gy} U
U xH S U x S MG U U xH
Gy} U H J
(G}} U)
14
18
SH} }G
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
183,
}HwGGS)
G U G G H (H G M GU)
} : H
! } US
S U H } }
UG H } }H U J
(S-
}G, . 1 , S. 121 , GS : 55)
U G H
UH}
| G H U GS U }
: S GG G U UH} G S
U H U G H S S
GH J
G U U UH} G :
H
15
SH} }G
19
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
U H }} wG } x () U
S U } , } S wG ()
x } U (U) J S } Hx U
G U x GU} U S G H
U x J (-GH }, . 3, S. 21, GU} : 2754)
G U S GU G GUGH
GS }U } : G U U } S GU
G
SgGU } S 2 } G -
} } U 3 } Gx H
}
}G } S } U S x J (UGH G}}H, . 9,
S. 132, GU} : 26085 , H G HH GU HSSG, . 1, S. 402,403)
G U| U}G
x J
G U S} U GGU U (U ) S
G H U
S U G U| U}G
(}SHH GU, S. 291)
SGU U GG} }- SG
SH} }G
20
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
G ( U) U }x H U U U xG x
H
} } U G U GHGU v U H
H U | H J }G GU} , G G
U H H U U H U G
( SGU) U x U G G} wGHGU
S J wGS H U x U Hx S U
U GUGU G G ( SGU) G G
vGU U S U }SH S wGS U S U
}G U U S wG }U
x xG U }x }U U L GSS U SGU U
J S U }U U
U xx x G x G, G G
G S} SU J
(GH GH}, . 1 , S. 185, }HwGGS)
H U GMGU U S S
G U GUG
1 { : U H} } S H
G}} x S H U G U U G } U
U U H S H U S U U H U U } { J
2 U S} 2 { : 2 U
17
SH} }G
21
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U
G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
U S} S GG { U xH U G S H U
U S} U H | GU J
3 S U }SG U : U U S U
H }SG U J
4wG S} 2 { : 2 U w
S} S GG { U U x GU J
(GH}x, . 1, S.
3,4,5,
GG, GSS : 2 , S.
10)
}- UH : GUGZ } S x U GUG | x G
x G x }G | x J
{ U GU
US GG U { U } U S GG U
GSS U} G U} 2 GUG J SGU |x
U H U GG G H U GUG U {
Ux S GG G xGSH x J
(GU -G, . 1 , S. 218 , G, GSS : 2 , S.
10)
SH} }G
22
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
: } M GU G H
G U GG U
}
U U S U }G GG }H-GG U J
1 U
2S}H G J x G S GUH
U H U G x GU U
H x J (}}GGG, . 1, S. 513, GS : 1112, }HwGGS)
3 2 U {
43 }SU
U 53 H S 3 UH U 6GG
xG-xG U 73 H S 3 U } G
8
9 U xH U GHH U
10
S U U }SG U 11 U U }SG U
13 G U U GG S U
S GG { H J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 14, 18, }HwGGS)
1GUH M
2 x
3
4
vG G G U 5yG} S G U
6G G H G H GSS S< }
7G U } xG GM US S } H
8S{
S UH U 9S{ S U } G 10
19
SH} }G
23
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
S U SGU U 11 U xH U } H
12 xH U S x U U }SG U
13U
U }SG U vG |x xH ( xH) U U
SG } GH U 14x U G--U U
H GU U S U x x
SwG G--U U x U GUG
20 U SG U x
20
SH} }G
24
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
21 2 S } {
22 { } xH S
MG U 23 GG { U S U U
U U UGG U
24 GG U {
vG }SG U vG G U GG 25
} S}H U S S M GU UH} G
H
26 G G H GM x
| H GM UH wGU U U GU U GG
GU} U U HG } x 27G U
U U G U 28 G } ( }
U GSS x U GU ) GU J
( GU vG } U U U } } }S
G G U vG | U vG } U } U
U U } xG U GG G U GU )
GH G U J
G S U GMGU U
S S G U 15 }vM
1G U H U x
2U x
G U x
3G G S H xG } U
21
SH} }G
25
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
GUG U (} { vG | H } G}} S U
GUG x S U GH ) 4GUH U GGU U
xG} H UH U 5G G U
} 8} H vG UU 9U S
} { U GUG U G 10xH U }SG
U 11 S UH U U } G
12S{ S U SGU U
133 S
3 S U }SG U
14 { U x} S G U
15 G S U x U S x
G x J G U S U U }vM S
GG }vM U U S J
{ U x} U GG
SLG, L
GGU GG GH} }H }zG
}G}} } GH G}
}U--H }
U }yGG G GSS 2 SGUG 23 U G H
22
SH} }G
25
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
GUG U (} { vG | H } G}} S U
GUG x S U GH ) 4GUH U GGU U
xG} H UH U 5G G U
}
8} H vG UU
9U S
} { U GUG U G 10xH U }SG
U 11 S UH U U } G
12S{ S U SGU U
133 S
3 S U }SG U
14 { U x} S G U
15 G S U x U S x
G x J G U S U U }vM S
GG }vM U U S J
( GG, GSS : 2 , S. 22, 23 )
{ U x} U GG
SLG, L
GGU GG GH} }H }zG
}G}} } GH G}
}U--H }
U }yGG G GSS 2 SGUG 23 U G H
22
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J
26
G U GG U
: S } U M U G H
: { S x} x S S G U }yGHGU }vM
U S } GU , U GRU U }
x S S G U U, G G} J
U } SGUG 56 H : x} }U } x}
}S} } S U S US { U } { }
x} x, U x} S S G xGSH ,
S U U U US GG ,
U U x S S UG |x U
H S U S U S U S}H } S
( UG U GG) , U | x G xGSH U H
x J
( G, GSS : 2 , S. 23, 56)
}S}H S G xGSH
U S
S GMGU U S S }S}H
U }-GHGU 27 }- UH
G xGSH U } S x U
}x U }S}H ( S}H ) U
HG S S G xGSH G 2 x G
wGS U xH G U U UG
G } { GUS ( U) H GUS
( GH }) (10x10) S U} } {
G G xGSH U HGU 3S GG
S wGS GUG S U S} U U {H
23
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J
26
G U GG U
: S } U M U G H
: { S x} x S S G U }yGHGU }vM
U S } GU , U GRU U }
x S S G U U, G G} J
U } SGUG 56 H : x} }U } x}
}S} } S U S US { U } { }
x} x, U x} S S G xGSH ,
S U U U US GG ,
U U x S S UG |x U
H S U S U S U S}H } S
( UG U GG) , U | x G xGSH U H
x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 23, 56)
}S}H S G xGSH U
S
S GMGU U S S }S}H U
}-GHGU 27 }- UH
G xGSH U } S x U
}x U }S}H ( S}H ) U
HG S S G xGSH G 2 x G
wGS U xH G U U UG
G } { GUS ( U) H GUS
( GH }) (10x10) S U} } {
G G xGSH U HGU 3S GG
S wGS GUG S U S} U U {H
23
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
27
G U GG U
: wGS } M U G |H x
GSS S U} S G xGSH
U U} U 4x {H U U GSS
G G 5GG ( GG H) GG
GUS H GUS S U U }x | xGSH U
S U S} U U GG GSS { S GUH x
(10x10) S U} } G }S}H (
S}H ) x 6 U} G U}
S U} U
Gv} } 7G}} G}}} U , H S}H U H,
H, H xG S U} } |
U Gv} } 8G G } S x U GG {
H S U G H U G}H
{H GSS } H S }S}H x
SH} }G
28
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
}-SH S U H }SG U }G U GU }
x GU, U G vG }
G U GRU M U H U U G U G
GU U H G {H
} Hx }S}H x 12 U xHS,
H xG vG GG GM U {H
xH } G 13 G x GS G
H U G}H G H { U {H
x U U x H } | }S}H
x 14 x xGSH G H G}H SGU
G G {H G xGSH {H U {H
15 HxG HxG U U x
}-SH U xG } }U}}H |
}S}H 16 S} S}
x S U S }-SH G U S }
U xH S U G | x Hx }S}H
x 17 xGSH } U }S}H U S } U
S 18 x GM } H
}S}H }-SH x G }U G (DRUM)
} S U U UH SU U
U S S UH H S } U S } GU- GM
25
SH} }G
29
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
{H } H U S S UH SU 19
} x }S}H }H x
G x }-H G xGSH U H
G } GUG U x G G
xGSH U U} U S U x 20 }
{H G x US GG }S}H x U
U} U }S}H S S G
}vG } S } }H H, S U} U x
G 21 U GGU | U S } U GGU S H
U S GGU S U} U x 22 }S}H
U x S S U UG xG {x
U x 23}S}H U S U S S
U H x{ }vM 24 U
GSS G U U G G } S U
{ GUG HG U xHS S vG GG
U U U }GU GSS G S | } Gx
}S}H x 25x G UH U U
U GSS { U S U G G H
U G}H GUG G S }S}H x
26 {, UGU, , UH U S xG }M } {H
xG G S }S}H S S | G
26
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
30
G U GG U
: wGS } M U G |H x
xGSH 27 } U {H H xHS U
} Hx }S}H x S U }vM J x
G } {H G G J
(}S}H U } zGSH }H} U H GU -G
2 SGUG 37 248, G GSS 2 SGUG 55 56
GU } . 1 SGUG 14 15 }H-GG GU})
S U U GMGU U S S GwG}
xG S wG UH U 5 GU}
1wG, G U S UH U S
U } S x U SHG S x U G
xGSH } { GUG G J ( G, GSS : 2,
S. 26)
2wG x }U | S S U
U GU U U Hx wG | }U
GHH U }SU U xH S }
S U GG }-SH S xG U S wG U S G
U } xH H S wG U SG x }x
wG U GUH G J (G) 3x
}x U S x S U xGSH G } {
GUG }-SH } U UH x
27
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
33
G U GG U
: S U S } GRU S }
S S UH J
U U LyG
LyG S S UH G G
U J }-SH wG U UH G GU
U } | U J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 31)
H UG
1H H x S U x G
30
SH} }G
32
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
U G U U UGG xG G J
v Hx S G x ?
1x
} v Hx } SGU S S } G
x U U }vG } wG UH 2 U S U
v Hx U H wG U GGU U
U }vG } HG G J 3S GG
xHUG xG U S } Hx S G x v U
U }vG } wG UH U U } J x
U }vG } wG U } G x J
U S
S S U G
| G x J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 32) zGSS vS
SH} S }SH S GUGU
S }G H S U S U } S}
U S U U } xG S U UGG U U
H J 2 U S LyG }G
UH U S S G | J
U GGU G
GGU }SGGU
}
29
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
33
G U GG U
: S U S } GRU S }
S S UH J
U U LyG
LyG S S UH G G
U J }-SH wG U UH G GU
U } | U J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 31)
H UG
1H H x S U x G
30
SH} }G
34
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
GU S G U ?
} | GU , SzG ( H x U UG
) U G G J GU UHUG U xG U SU
S } | U J } | GU U GG U S U
S UGG U GM J
( G, GSS : 2 , S. 28, 112 xG)
{ U GU
1U U { U | S GG U
S GG G} Hx U J (G, S. 112 ) 2{ {
H } | ( | U GG) U
x { } U SGU S U U H
U J
(G, S. 32)
} U GMGU U S S
G } U U 5 GU}
1x G US GG U { } U GUG
x Gx U H GUG S U { H
x vS U G U S U GGU
J S GG x G | U G S U U GH
31
SH} }G
35
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
G U GG U
} U J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 32) 2 G
U Hx U G , S S } G
v U SGU U S G J (G, S. 33) 3SS U
S } GG G U GG
G G J
(G) 4GU S vG U G U G
U S GU U GUS} SU 5 U U
GG { S x }x U S GG
( ) { H J
( }wG, . 1 , S. 310)
H }-
} GU H GG, }} H S, H
}, GG}H --U, GG}H }, }G
SH, }g }H, G} S, }G G,
H} GG, GGU, GS G --U, GG
GH} }H HG H GGUG H GU }}
G} G G
GU} : U US S
G GSS U } GUG (x) S
H U U G U UG S GG }
U GGU vGU } x ( } U U
U } S ) U U U| S UH |
32
SH} }G
36
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
G U GG U
SH} }G
37
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
S U } U G US J (HU}}H U, . 4, S.
177
S S G U
S G U 2 GZ :- 12 S
GG } J 2S GH S xGGUH
U S } LU J 2 GZ }G S |
GG } G S GH } S xGGUH
U S } LU S G U G J x U
G S G x J
S U S10 G S G
1S
GG U 2 S G}
2 U GGU UH J (US, H S U S
U | Gv} ) 2S GG U S G}
H U U GGU } H H wG
G} xG S H 3 G H
(UG) } U wG G} wG xG
4 2 G S{
5G G xG G
U S 6x S }x G G
S } 7U S U Hx U S GG
34
SH} }G
38
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU } M
GU G Hx } S US wGS J
U S } x U S x G
8G
9LUG U GH }
10 S U }GGU
S GG } S U S GG S U U
G H S J }GU S }GG } GUG
GH }GG, G x }GG | GUS x x
GUS S, H
Lv UH S U S U
G ( U) GM x MG
U U x GSS x U
x GU U x J
S U S10 G S G
1vG
U U H S GG U
2 G 2 U H H 3
U H H 4 U H J
5U U U Hx U S
6 U S GG S
U U U U S U S U 2 S
7x S S U
8 U 2 G S GG S U 2
S } 9 G UG } U S GG
U S H 10 S GG G S
35
SH} }G
39
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
U S GG S U G S U G
H S }H UH J }GU S }GG
} GUG }GG U GH G x J U x
S } GUS S }GG GUS x H GUS S
G x }x }GG GU J G (}wGSS G
U S) GU }GG S x S G SU
J G }H} S S G H J
S U GU}
G S S U S S H S
G | x }GG | x, x G S S U
SGU G S }GG x G GU , }SU S }GG
x G J (}GUH GUHG }G G-
GGG, S. 91 ) }SU
} G UH SGU G J 2HxG
}GG G } GUGU Hx }GG x G GU J
(G, S. 92)
3}GG U GH GUUG Hx S G
}x U H }SG J (}GUH GUHG, S. 84) } }
} GU
U| | GUGU Hx
HG } | U U U S | G
36
SH} }G
40
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
} G G S S J GU} }SGGU
:
GUGU G U GGU S
}SU H
U GGU S J
(H }}SSxG H
G-, . 2, S.
S }-GU<GU
104 ,)
1, G, }, UG } G U
x S UH G x J (GH}x, . 1, S. 9)
2} G U S }}H S | G
G x J } G U x S G G
x J (G, G, GSS : 2, S. 26) 3 S G
J (GH}x, . 1, S. 12) 4G Hx U U
GG U } H S G xGHG J 5
G x G G US S S G S
S G U H H {H G {H x J (}wGG G
: GU -GG }G, . 1, S. 255 )
6 G U GU
GU US U G} J ( G, GSS : 2, S.
48) GU U U } GUS US S G
} S U | G } GU U U S Gv} J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 49)
7 U U
G G G } G J
37
41
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
G U GG U
: } M GU G H
xGSH U G UGU
xGSH U H G U UGU wG
J xGSH U G U GM U x
G | U xGSH U H S G G |
HG G | x, UGG H U
U U ~ S | G J
U G U H 9 GU}
, S G G , GwG} ,
S }G S , U, GU, S S
UH, UG S S LyG S S G
J x US U S GG U }G }SSH
MG S G U U vG xG x U G U S
}GG GUG U SU G }G J U G S S
vG } }GG G J S U G S }G S x J
1GUG
( G, GSS : 2, S.
107,
}wG, gH }G, . 1, S.
553)
S }SH U }G S HzGG } S} U U U
J S GUS} U }G }G }G -G
U S GG U U U S | 2 GUG }G U }
vG } U U U G U U G U S U} G U}
vG U SU J vG U U U
38
SH} }G
42
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
x }H }H , S GG U U|
G GG HGGU U| G }U}}H U H
U }G U , G
U G vG x
G U G U U }G U }G x J
x }G, } U GS S S
G v J GU-GU U}
GU}
U : US wGS U vS U x S U GwG} UH
G vG U G U x wG }GUyGG
(U }SSH vGGU vGGU S ) vG UH S
H G U U }G U J (H GLGU, . 1, S. 373, 374 )
2GUG }GG U vG S }G U G S
US GS U vG G U S xGM G
x US zG UH U G U
U G U vG Gy} G x U | U US GUG
}GG U vG x J GUG }G U vG }G U
G Gv} S S } x }G U GG
G G G , x S S U
GS ( G G H }G-}H) | HGGU GUG
}G U vG S G x J ( G, GSS : 2,
S. 108 , }wG, gH }G, . 1 , S. 555 )
GG S x U }GG U U vG }
39
SH} }G
43
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
U | G }G x J }-SH US
U GwG} S S vG wG }H }H
U G U U GUG U H }G x J S GU
} }GUG }H U G U U }GG G H }x U
{ zGG GwG} S wG | }G J x
U vG S xG x U U | wG }G
U U| H GH ( S vG }SSH
}G ) U }G x J ( G, GSS : 2 , S. 107)
4}G U G x S G S S U S }G
}x S U G G G H x G
}-SH S U G G U }G , GwG} S S U
G x J S U Gw}G U }G S U G
G S G x J
(G, S. 108)
5}G US GS ( G G H G}H) U
G U G U vG G S U S
}G U G U GG H G x G
x ( Gv} S S } x }G GG U US
S S U S G U x GG U S G
U G GG U S } G x J) }-SH
S U GwG} S U G G S G U
G U vG GwG} G U U
40
SH} }G
44
G U GG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
G x J x G U } x J
6} U U S wG G U S
S G , U GwG} S
U U U U U S S S
G x J
(G, G, S. 558 )
7
}G U S GG U S U S UGG U
x U } S G U x
U }GUG U S { U U UGG S }GG G Hx
U U U }GG G GUG x U }GG
G G U U x { GM
J S S G x }SH | H | S U
}GG x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 109)
8x UG xG U ( SG } M H U)
U wG U SU U G U U GUG G H GG S
x J ( }G v U GG U GU )
(G, S. 107 )
9x US U S GG S } U}
S U U U GUG , }-SH G U G S wG
U G x U G GUG J (
G, GSS : 2, S. 109 , }wG, gH }G, . 1 , S. 558 )
41
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J
45
G U GG U
: S } U M U G H
SH} ! }}U H
U
G U H U H ,
G S | G U S U
v ! } } GU, }vU }- }SGUG
U GU} :
S U } GH Ux J
(H }GSSxG HSSG, S. 557 , GS : 9326)
vG G S U S GMGU
U S S G U } 20
1 UMx
2 G G
U vG U : S U H G UMx 3
Ux 4GUG 5S 6}SG U GH x
42
SH} }G
46
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
: wGS } M U G |H x
xG S H U G G U
7 U SGU UMx
8}vM S x
9}SU
UMx 10 GG { vG M GU 11
Gx (G } GG { U
G H U
} xG U SUx) 12 GUxG U G G
GU x 13,14G U 2 G Gx
(HGU)
()
(15 17) S} U GGU U UH}
S-H GU Gx }G 3 S-H GU Gx
18 (}vM vG ) GH G UMx
19 G G { vG x G U }} UM x
20G G | UMx ( S GG S G G
U }H UH U S GG U S x U xx
{ U x S U G UMx)
H }SGGU
} SGU S -G G
U S vG G S GU} J
43
SH} }G
47
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
(G-GU)
xGSH U GGU
M GU U GUGH
GUG xGSH } GG U U
SHH
GU} : wGS
xGSH } U H U x { G x S U S
x S S S U x J ( GG x) J
(S- , . 1 , S. 117 , GS : 249)
44
SH} }G
48
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
GU U H
GG S- GH H
GU} : } U GS } x } UGU zG }
U J GU x S } H U }SH U
, } S U } }x J S 2 GU
x S } | H } ! S U S |
U x H U S U x HU x
S H J S U S3 GU x S } |
}G-}H , G Hx } U S U S
GU } zG U , S U zG U x GU } S
U GGUU G S x ! } S wGS U U S
x S S } H U } zG U U S U G}H
v ? : xGSH ( GUG xGSH)
U J (GSS <G GH } H GU, S. 179)
xGSH } G U G}
SH} ! ! S xGSH
U J xGSH } U x
H
G G} U }G U vG UH J
G } : S xGSH x
U U U }G U G vG x GU
45
49
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
xG S H U G G U
: wGS } M U G |H x
GUG , G Ux xx x J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
U GH } S U GU}
47, 48)
GG S S-H}
U , }}H
}} GG S- G SgGU
S
x, v G}, GUG }}, ,
SH
U GH } S ?
: G GU} H J (SGGH G, . 1, S.
117, GS : 286) GG S GH G}
U U }LH }} GG S G} GUMGU
G}
SH U}, }SS},
}, }G}
S GU U :
} U| ( v U ?) SHH
GU} : G U U GG GS U { U
S U J
(G, S. 118 , GS : 290)
G G GG GH} }zG GUH GGU }
}GU GS }-U U G GU} :
( xGSH GUG ) U x S
}SG U G U, GU xGSH U H
G U U }G U vG UH J S GS
U }G}H1 J GG GH
S
1. S GS S } J
46
SH} }G
50
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
xG } } U GU} : S } GU S
} S U
( xGSH) J (S- ,
. 1, S. 109, GS : 227 ) S GS S } U
U xGSH U U }G U vG UH
( xGSH) U G }yGH GxZ U S
U U GH } S GGU } x J
(GH GU, . 1 , S. 770,771)
xG G H H } S GG U U }
U GSH U U H xGSH U J H 2
U {, U S U x { wG S
, U S} x U S S U
U U }GG U S G U x U x
}G {, x SwG G} S U
UH G}} xGSH U U xG xGSH U
| { H, U H U GG G
H, GSS S< } (S S | Hx SU ) U
3 S{ U{ , U 3 U{ ,
U S }} 3 , U xGSH U x S
Hx , x G U } { {
47
SH} }G
51
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
H J G GSS 2 SGUG 42 : S~ H
GUH U } U , { G J
}} U U }H U , S x U
US U G G, xGSH US GUS} U xzGx }
U, U G | G, U H xG S
} G J U GU UGG H J
x }vM vG vG zGH U }SG J
(G}} U GUvG G-GU)
xGSH U GUG
3
1UH
U 2U } G 3}}
G J
(GU GH}x, . 1 , S. 13)
1 UH U
} } G S H U U U H U }
UH U } U G, x, S GGU U G U
x J S GG G U xH U },
U GU G G U U U GGU
U U U J GG xG-xG | U H U
S J } H U U xG
U G GM J x G } G ( vGS) U
}GGU J xGSH S GUH } xG }GSS
x }GG | G H U }H} G U
48
SH} }G
52
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
: S U S } GRU S }
xG S H U G G U
GUG , H }GG G x J H
}SH S } x S { x }SH
U }GGU J ( G, GSS : 2,
S. 38, GU -GG, . 1, S.
439, 440)
2U } G
U U U Hx H S U}
Hx U U } x SwG a U MG U
{H HG} J SUx U U S U
J GH U H | x {H S
xGSH x J U U x S x S
U G GUG J G U U H U { | GUG J
(G, G, S. 442 , 443)
3}} G
S U H S H U U U S} U G
x GM , S} U G x
S U x GG U S x xGSH
x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 39)
U S GMGU U S
S SH} U H xGSH U 23 GG
1x SH} U S U H x{ SGU
49
SH} }G
xG S H U G G U
53
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
G U H GM H GM J x
SwG x{ U H G x H GM J
2x U } H U } U (SG)
S } GUG J G } SGU U U
U } xGSH } x U U 2 } 2
} 3|, U U H U { GM
4U U G S U SG U } { 5U
U U H U 6G xH U G U
} xG {Hx 7 U GG U xGH {
8G U H { 9 U G {
10
U U { 11 GU } | H x
} U GU } xH H U { 12 S} U
x G S U U { 13 G (GU S U
GSS) U G { 14 U H
U G | 15 2 S U }H
U x U GH , GSS G U 16
U xH 17H U U
18 U S U U
19S
U G U HU { 20GU G ( G
U }x U U GSS) U x UG wG
GG S { 21 GU GH ( }x U M
50
SH} }G
54
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
xG S H U G G U
GwG} U ^
GwG} ^ xG { S H } vGS
G ^ }SG U H UGU G US x }G
U S vGS S GG
}SG U H J ^ GM S G x U
}SG UGU x J x GM S G x
xG ^ { }}U }-SH G GwG} }x ^
G U xH } { S U S G U GSS
| ^ U , x H }}U H
U S GSS U { GUG J x }}U H
}}U }x U S { SUx GwG} xG U
vGS U S ^ }SG U H UGU
J U GSS | { S }GGU x J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
51
40)
SH} }G
55
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
xG S H U G G U
xGSH GUG U 5 S
1}
U x S U S U
}wG S UH 2GH} S } } U UH
3GGU S GU (S) U G U x
} U GH wG , GH
, 2 xGSH GUG U J G U 2 }UHGU
x U HxG HxG GUG HxG
x xGSH GUG }x xGSH U Gv} x 4GG
S GUxG 5GUS ( wG
S) S GUxG J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 43,45,46, }H--GUG)
S } xGSH GUG
} U S x S U
H S x GUGH G U U H G
Hx U S } G xGSH GUG J G GH
x J (2) x } H G x U vG S H
S U GUG UH xGSH GUG G x J
(3) x GH} }x S U U S UGG xG
xGSH GUG J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 43)
(1)
} xGSH U U GGU
x }-SH } G
52
SH} }G
56
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
S } LU S 3 {, G S S
x J S U | GM U G U 3
G--U J x H xG } G U
G--U x H S SHS 3
{ U S x J S } ( H GU U
) G } G U Gv} } J }
G U G S } GG U
} G--U 3 { U GU} }GU} J ( GG,
GSS : 2 , S. 42, }wG gH }G, . 1 , S. 320, 321) G
xGS H U }} S } UH U U } G
x J xGSH } UH U U } G GUG U
G } S }vU J
GU U Gv} }
GU H S (xG }yGG) } , GU ( H)
U xGSH U } xGSH U U Gv} } HG
S U xGSH U G xGSH U vG U }g (
G ) U SHS ( {) U S
x }wG } : x , G GG
} G xGSH U U vG U }g U S
S U J ( }wG }G gH }G, . 1, S. 320)
53
SH} }G
57
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU } M
GU G Hx } S US wGS J
xGS H G } UH U U } | G J
GU U GG
x U G}}} } GU (SHOWER) S U
LG H U S U GGU } U U x } }
GUH GU U GGU J S G } S U G
GG GU} J GUH U GGU } U }
U 45 - U G U J HG S
U U 45 x U G U J
} U 5 GMGU U S S
xGSH U 5 S }GUG
1}G
2GH GU~G
3GU G
4G-GU
U
( 9 GH GH G}) 5G} {
vG S J
( GG, GSS : 2, S. 46 , }wG, . 1 , S. 339, 341 )
} S G G } H U G S S U
S GMGU U S S xGSH U 24 }SG }GUG
1GUGU G-GU
2GUGU }GHGU
3GG
G} 4GG SU G}
5GGU
6wGH }
7} (G) UU } U H
54
SH} }G
58
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
3 8 9 GU 10G-GU U
( 9 GH G H G} U xG M zG 10 U G)
11 }HS }H GU
12x }HS G U H
13 }
H U 14} (xH) U
U 15 xG S GUGU ( Gy} ) U
16
U 17x S U 18
UGG U H 19SGU S H U H 20SGG1
U wG U 21}GG USGU (S x) GSGU
( x) 22SSGU (-H ) 23GGU
U SwG { U H 24 S Hx
}H} U US x Hx J
( GG, GSS : 2 , S. 46 , 47, LH S, }wG, . 1, S.
341, 342)
U xGSH } }wGHGU
SH} }G
xG S H U G G U
59
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U
G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
xGSH S GH G ?
GU} } xG x} SGG
U S S } }G G x x }G x
UH U, U } G x S J
S U GSS |x U H xGSH x J
SGG S { H xGSH U GM J
( GG, GSS : 2 , S. 40)
S vG GG
x U GG xGSH U GG S
(STOOL) xG H U } J G
xGSH } S}H U U }x | GU J
H U x
H } x G xGSH } S H U
GM J
( GG, GSS : 2 , S. 40)
G U
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
60
xG S H U G G U
: } M GU G H
U U GH } M GU G
xGSH GUG U M GU G G
} G J }x U G UH U U G J (
GG, GSS. 2, S. 49) G U U GG J
(GU GH}x, . 1, S.
xH } INK U } ?
38)
U H U G } , H H U G
xG S (INK) U }, G} SH} U H
}v, } U Hx x xGSH
x J }H} U U S x U
{ GM H }GG G x J
( GG, GSS : 2 , S. 41, }HwGGS)
U HxG ?
HGU 9 S HGU 12 SH S U} G} U
xG HxG HxG x HGU HGU 2 (
S U S) 15 S U U}H G} } GM G
HxG HxG , x S HxG ( HxG U
GH}) G J G} U x S ,
wG HGU wG HGU U S wG x } GH
( } UH).. ..HGU U GG ...}G S HGU
(US HGU U) G}H U ... ... (}G U S)
57
SH} }G
xG S H U G G U
61
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
SS U U S
630 )
xGSH G } U S SS J GG
S GH }xGzGGUH
S U
SH U}, GUG}
GU} : U
wGS xGSH G } U, S } U G U
v U vS SS S S J (S- , . 1, S.
44, GS : 27) x G}}} U H (SLOP) yG}
U U U S GG GU U
x G J U | U U J
(}, . 1, S.
266,
}HwGGS)
G S U --U S }xGGU U }H
S S G} } U }
zGGG GU }H-GG GU} : GG S }}
G} G}H
GU} U U } } Hx
U S J S } G L-GUGU xGSH U H UG
58
SH} }G
62
xG S H U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
U } x HU } SU GH}, }SS},
}, SH }G}
U GS
U S }
GU} U
H GH S U SH
}
S U G}}} } GH U
{ J HG } S GS }-U G}H U J U
} S } wG } U U GU xG }
U U U : G} ! U H H
GGG G}
U S G}H
U U S } }xGGU GU} } Hx
U }} | J GG S }}
G}
GU} U } S GU xG S zG
U U U ? G : } H (
) J
(GU, H GSS, S. 16) H H GGG
U
G} U SGU } }xGGU J
{ U U GG
SH} }G
}}} U G G U
63
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
xG) U S } S J S U xG S}
U US GSS S S H { H
x ( xGSH x) }x
U S v x UH U S x | Hx x J S
S G} G}, GS U xGGUH J (GH GU, . 1, S.
761 ) U x S UH }x
H G GG {H x U U U -G GUG
x U x J
}SGGU ! } xGSH U }SH G,
S} S U S} S U }GGU xGSH U
U GUGU GG GU} J
G U S
U}
U vGS } 2 | ,
} U U}
U G} --U
} (G} S U H) , (U GG) Ux |
U}
S | U U U (
S S } H , S U } U} U }
) H
U }G, xG , }GG GH G
GU} : ! S U --U S
G }H J
(S-
}G, . 4, S. 154 , GS : 2352)
60
SH} }G
64
}}} U G G U
: wGS } M U G |H x
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
}} SS, S U, S G H } U GU} H :
vUH
H (
) } S GG U, U GH GU}
: }G}} ! (
) v } S G
U } }} } U M |, } S S 10
G} GH UM U }} } S U U SH}
|, } S S10 SH} | J
(}UH }SG, . 1, S.
189,
GS :
928,
LH UH G} M)
}}} U GUG
}}} } 3 GUG 1 2S }
U 3U S} 2 U }SG U J
( GG, GSS : 2 , S. 75, 77)
61
SH} }G
65
}}} U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
}}} S H U S GMGU U S
S }}} U 10 S
1S}H
GU U 2 U G}
} 3G} } U H ( x G
H) 4xH H 5 U G H
U U x U G U S U x U G
} GG U H U G UH 6H }
U U }SG U 7 U }SG 8H
S{ U U }SG U 9(} U H) G U
GHH U 10xH U GHH U U xG
x J x xG }-SH xG US S G
} S xG GHH GUG GHH H
G} } GM J
( GG, GSS : 2, S.
78)
}}} U U ( H U U } ,
G S | U H J }-SH U G xGS H
S U GSH U }GG GG U H }}} U
) S}H G U 2 U xH U U U US
S U G G} U GUS} (}-SH , , ,
, }^ xG) S } U H H ( x G
62
SH} }G
66
}}} U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
H) J x G x Hx G H
S S S } U S GG }SG U U U GSS
x H | U x x }}} x J U
S S GG G} } U 2 U G
S H U U S} }SG U, Ux G G
} S U U U U GSS
, x G | U x x }}}
x J }}} U }SG U GGU U U x
U GH 4 xH U S{ U
xH U S S U U H U S
U H S S{ U U }S U x^ U H
x U S S{ x U U }SG U J S
GG S{ S U }SG U J x U }
H xH S }SG U H | }}} x
U S xH U GGU H xH S U U GGU
H x }x S U GHGU J }}} } S U }SG
J
( G, GSS : 2 , S. 76, 78 xG)
SU H GG U S GU U S
GMGU U S S }}} U 26 }- UH
G x S H U H
63
SH} }G
67
}}} U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S
} M U G GGUGU wG x J
} G} U S ( GUS}) S S S
}}} GG J , , S}, x{U, , G , GUGG ,
GGUGU, xG S }}} GG xG
J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 79, H GLGU, . 1, S. 257)
2vU , }^ U S }}} GG J
x US S G U } ( S} )
S G} S }-SH U U } }}} GG J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 80)
}^, xG S }}} U S U U
GM S US S U S
U SGU GU S S U S J (G, S. 79)
G}, x G} G x U
U { S S S U S Gy}
U S }GG GG }x S S }}}
SU J
4 } U U| S x GUGH S U
J (G, S. 79)
5x US HUG, UGG, xG x U
} S xH U S S }}} GG J
6, }^ U wG U }S U
S S }}} GG J }x S H ,
HSU
3S
64
SH} }G
68
}}} U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
} GU H xG U S G
S G} U GH , }H U G J
7
S U G U G GU
G xGSH U x }}} U J
( G, GSS : 2, S.
68)
} U G xGSH S S U G }
U SGG G U
| G xGSH U } G x U U }S}
GUH G G G GUSGU U U
vGS Ux J S } }}} U SU J ( G,
8S
S S } vGS U xH S
S U }SG U J ( GG, GSS : 2, S. 69)
10 GGU U U }H U U
| }}} U SU J
(G)
11 x G}G} GU S G U H UGU
}}} GG J
(G)
12 S U S } } U GU
U S S U U S} |
}}} GG J
(G, S. 70)
9x
65
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
69
}}} U G G U
: S U S } GRU S }
U GU G H G U }}} U U
}GG G H } G U x } GU G
H }GG | G S G } G U J
13 GU
(G, S. 71)
14 x x} U H U } ( U
U U U) GUGUH G S xG x
16 G GG GUS S U x GU
}}} U J
( GG, GSS : 2 , S. 74)
17 x U S x }H }}}
U H U }^ S U vG }GG } }GG U S
S }} G-U }GG H }GG
H J ( GG, GSS : 2, S. 75 ) }x U }^
GU G }}} U U }GG G x J
66
SH} }G
70
}}} U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
18G
19S
xGSH GUG S U H GM U G
xGSH 2 U H 2 }}} U U 2 } U
U H 2 x x SGU xGSH G U
U | UGU J
( G, GSS : 2 , S. 76)
20 G S G xGSH GUG
S }}} | GU S | }}}
J
(G, 82)
21SH} x U } UH xG UH
H UH U x }SG SUx J
(G, S. 77)
22
U GSS G } U GH }
S }SG GM x } U
vG US U G S H U U GSS }SG
S x }}} x J
(G)
GG G S U H | x J (G)
24x, G xG U U U
U GUG J G xG U U }SG
23S
67
SH} }G
71
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
G U G G U
U J }}} U GG G S G U J
(G)
25} S G }}} U SU U
S U S } }}} U H U U
, S U }}} U S U U x J
(G, S. 76, GH}x, . 1 , S. 26)
G U G U U }G} }
} S S U U { S U }SG U
SU }}} U J
(GU -G }G, . 3, S. 416 )
}SGGU ! } }}} U }SH G,
S} S U S} S U }GGU }}}
U U GUGU GG GU} J
26x
xH x ......
U S U H (vG 12 x}),
H (vG 25 x}) }H U x} U U S
G SGU x, }x -U (U S })
G} ( UG) U }G U S S GU x J
( G U } xG GH U)
68
SH} }G
72
G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
G U GGU
} U
H GUHH G } GUH U GG S
H GS G} }S
U H G }
S US wG } U S } U S
HS } }S G U }G }S U
}G } G J wG H GG U :
H
U S v }G-}H GU} ?
GU} :
} US S M GU G U
G}H U} x U H H GGG
} }xGGU
U } U GH GU} J
(H GUHH G, S. 254)
G U U GUGH
}LH }} GG S G} G
G
S U GG U, SG HHU, SG
zG HU
GU } : } G G
U } } S U
U, U }GG
69
SH} }G
73
G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
U wGS
U, U }GG
U wGS
U,
U }GG
U wGS
U,
U }GG
U wGS
U , U } G G
U wGS
U }GG
U wGS
SGU H S
U } GH x J
(SGG }SH}, S. 203, GS :
385)
G U H x
GG S
GU} U U
SG U G U G U G}H , GU
x SHH
SG U}
U }x } GU} : v } }H} U H GH
S } GH U J S Hx }-G
v U G U U G G}H J U SG
70
SH} }G
74
G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
U x U
S
U U U GS G}H } , :
U GS G G}H } }H} , SGU
U , | G S
GM J (G }GU H GSU, . 40, S. 412,413
}HwGGS) H H GGG
U G}
U SGU } }xGGU J
x- x U GS v x H S S
}x GGU GzG U GS }
G U S GG
}GG SG U U G U UH}
U U J
}H U (xG Sv U U
S G U S) U UH} U Sv U
( ) Sv U }vG U H
H, ( }wG, gH }G, . 2, S. 66) H
SH} U U }GG SG
U
U Sv U G} S vG
U J S
GG x UH} U J }GG H
71
SH} }G
75
GU} }SGGU
U GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
: } M GU G H
G U G G U
U U :} : M SHH
(gH }G , . 2, S. 84)
U U : SHH ! S } U
U J (G)
x U G S Hx H G } U : H !
} S
U GU S } zGG GG GU} J
(G)
S U SU }
S
} H x J (G)
U } ( )
U U U (
}GG U | U HGH |) U }G
| }H H :} : H
, J
( }wG, gH }G, . 2, S. 82, GH}x, . 1, S. 57)
72
SH} }G
76
} G} |x J
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
G U G G U
U } U :} : S UU
GGU U J
( }wG, gH }G, . 2, S. 83)
G HH U GMGU U S S
G U 8 }- UH
G }G U GH x G U |
x }-SH vG U G J
G S H U H G U U Gv} J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 57)
( S }G GH} U S xGSH U
G ) | G U J H G G GUS H G,
}G } }xGH GUG G } J
3
( }wG, . 2, S. 81)
4 G U H SH} UH}
SH} }} U} }GUGU U U U H |,
G U xG S S J
73
SH} }G
77
}G G U G G U
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
5 G U H, U, , xHS xG U S
G , xG , S H, }
xzG-x U xG S U }GUGU U }S J
6 G U vG } }xGH S
G} U GGU J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 41)
7 x G S S H U
U S U J ( }wG , gH }G , . 2, S. 82)
8 x vG G x G
xG H J
( }wG, . 2, S. 83,84)
GUH LG S G
GG S }} GUG
GU} :
G U ( U) vG U GS :
(1) GUH LGG (2) S vG S} Hx
(3) SG U GGU G U (4) HS U
U SGU J (GH GH}, . 2, S. 27, S M)
74
SH} }G
78
}G G U G G U
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
(G-GU)
}GG U GGU
M GU U GUGH
U GU} G}
: GU} U G H
U G U S U
S x, 3 wGS H
U G U S }
x J GG U x : SHH
SH} ! GU GS } }G G U }
GUG G U SwGy SG , 28
S-y }GUGU U y } 9 } :
75
SH} }G
79
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
y--} UG } :
} ! y } }
y} U G y}
U GRU S xGGU
U S U y x
vGS } J
GGy S }} }G}} G} G-
vG Uy , }GUSS U}
GU}y
U S y }-U } yG U GRG U S }G
} , S wGS } wG GUwGy, }Gy
Gx, SG S} } }SMGU vGy }G
(Uy U, S. 20)
G vSG } S J
GU}y U S S S
SU }, SyG GU, GU GU S, GUG
x
U GGUGUy , GU}y
U U } } S S }G U S x J
x LSy y S U} x S } U}
y LS S vGS J
(UG G}}, . 7, S. 115, : GU} 18883)
}G U
SU G}, }SS}, }, S
76
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J
80
}G G U G G U
: S } U M U G H
}yG }
U }G
G }G , wGS }G
U GGUGy U, S U }G GU}y U ,
y x S U GGUGy U, S U G
GU}y x y J
wGS GU}y U GUG, GUM, }
wGGU U S x J (}}GG G , . 2, S. 21, GS : 1611)
U, US U S x !
S} ! GGy S }} }G}} G}
G-
vG Uy , G G-} U}
GU}y U }G U (GUG, GUM,
}, wGGU) U S S x U
x G}} y, GU}y, Gy yy U S }G
U yU Uy J GU}y U }xGy U S }G
Gx S U GG ( ) GUG U S x, y
U GS }G yU Ux y S U GUM U S G x,
x yU }G U S Gy x y GUG U G
} U S G x x yy U }SMGUy U
S }G Gx y S U }vU }U} U y G
UGU y wGGU U S G GU}y
x J
(Uy U, S. 21)
77
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
81
}G G U G G U
: wGS } M U G |H x
GwG} Gy } }GG
GGy S G} GUMGU G}
GUy G} y GG U x, }L }} ! }G
(U vGy ) GU} : , S ! wGS }G U GG
Uy S U S} } U GSS J GGy S
G} GUMGU
GwG} U }G
GU} J
(G, 22)
G SH GG U GGU
} GU H GG, }} H S, }H
}} G} G G
GU -G 9
SGUG 158 159 GU} : } SGG GGU U
}H GGUGUH } S S } G} }G J }G
G H x G xG U }}
J S GUS U vG U G G S } }
U }SGGU , U U S U GUG U H,
}S} x S U Gx } S U HwG (UH) G
S S U, S U S , GM S U SG
J H
GU} :
--} UG H } :
U G | H
G H} U S
J
78
SH} }G
82
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
}GG U U S
GGy S G S}y
S y
U G}y, GUG }}y, y, y
Sy
U GU} G , wGS
yGG G U, U }G U wG , S U LUG, S
GUy U }U}} U y }G Uy , yG y
GGUGy U S yGG y } GGUGy U J U S }G U
S} U yGGU y S U }U
y J S S U S} U G w y G U
S yG U x } U y }G
S }G U GUGy Uy , x S U LUG,
S GUy }U}} U y }G Uy ,
yG y GG U S yGG y } GG U J U S
}G U S yGG S} U yGGU y S
yU ({) y S S} U G U
y U S U UG U yGG U S }G
U } } y . (UG G}}, . 7, S. 129, GU} : 19049)
G} U U S
GGy S }} wG
GU}y ,
79
SH} }G
}G G U G G U
83
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
GGy S GGGU }
U wGS U
w }G Gy LUG S Uy J y
S S GU} : y} }G G x S }G U Gy
} yGU U y GGy S }G}} }SyGGU
U yGGU y} }y GUG x J
(SGGH wG, . 1, S. 284, GS : 808) S- S U y
: y} U S S yGG
} |
}G G ? S U : S S S J GU} :
y} S S S U }G G x S
Gy } y} }y x y }G}}
}x J
(S-S, S. 225, GS : 1309)
}GG U
GGy S GUy
S y
SU }, GU GU S, GUG x, SG }GG
U GU} GU : x }
S
y }G } U J GG U x,
S
! }G } US ?
GU} : (S GG U) LUG S U J
(}S }} G} G}, . 8, S. 386, GS : 22705)
80
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
84
}G G U G G U
: wGS } M U G |H x
U GUS}
}UG SS GU} }}y GG y }zyG G} wG
S GS U yyG GU}y , }} } U
S }G U y v } U x SG | y
y U U zGG | y }x }G U SG
x S U zGG U U Sy J } U U
GGU }y }G U
U GGU,
Gy U }G U GUS Gy S S x
S Gy GS U S S }G Gy J
(}y, . 2, S. 78)
S} ! y x }G Gy
Gy U vSy Sy Sw U G U
U} U GS U SGG yGGU S }G G S }GL}
y J }wGyS } G G U yGGU U y
J } ! y G xG S G
}G U SG GU} :
SH} }G
85
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
} wG w Gy (NORMAL)
GU U yGGU G S U x
J }G G S U y } S U
vU U S G S | U U
G (}-S y U } U G U
vGy GUG }G U) yv yG} v
( H S S G ) y
H S U U S U S{ H
J S yGG S G :
U y
}
y G} Uy (U) , y }
--Uy y -G}y
y S U } J
U GG G :
} yG U } y
() yG } S J
U yS} G :
U } S MG
y } G}y J
82
SH} }G
86
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
U }U}} S GUyG G :
y--} UG } : S
wG
U }U
S U J y }
G}y , G G U }U J }
y U y S } J
} U S Sy , Sy U
y GS U, U
xGG U U J
S GUyG wGy} U U Sy S } U J
U y3 y U G y y3 y U
U Sy }-S S wGS G J
y--} UG } :
U } S MG y
} G}y J y} GU}
U J
G J S U U
US S J
S U G U U J
v Uy LUG } J LUG }
G U U G
U UG xH }H U
83
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
}G G U G G U
87
: S U S } GRU S }
}Z U GG wG S{ } U J (GU GH}x, . 1,
S. 74) U} G U} y LUG U ySG
( U } G-G} H x) U J U yS}G
( H
S U S H S
S U GU U) Uy U S wG , S wG
(
U GU} Uy J S U U :H ! } x ! S wG H ) U
v Uy S yGG S } U
G} w U U 2 U } S yGG S
w U U U wGS wG w U
U U SGU U U a x G}
} , G U , S S} U U G
U S, S, H S H G} S
}H , 2 { GGU UH J U}
G U} y3 S U ySG
(U
} x S S H) G U S S yGG U
U U U J 2 S{ GGU UH
S S{ S{ U
} U } J 2 S
U } U S Uy J U U} G U} U
U U }vG (S vGGU }
84
SH} }G
88
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
v Uy S U yGG S2 S U J
S yGG S U U w U
U wG J y vGy xG } G} S
U }y x J U U vGy J S2
vGy }
G U H G} S G
U yGG UG S U S2 S S S
U S{ GGU UH S
{ { U }
U } J 2 vGy U S S U GU
Uy J GU } y G :
y}} GU, GU } Gy
U J S}
U
G}y --Uy J S} }
U U J }
x y () U
U S U } } x
y () }G}}
S U S J
y } zGG U GU y S U
U x x U GGU x
85
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
89
}G G U G G U
: } M U U US U U
( x) S S U x U
S } (
U GU ) zGG
Uy
U} U x }x S U }y
x GU S x S U
zGG
J x 2 S G vGy G y
v Uy wG J x GUG }G G y
SH} }G
90
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
}G G U G G U
U U S G }S (GU GS U G U
G }S U ) G, }-S G G :
) --}
( !
UGH } : } }
} | } wGy } |
} GG GwG S J
U }G wGy} U U (S{) U U
yGGU } U U
U S yGG
() yGGU J }G wGy} J
(}wGG G G, GSS : 3, S. 72,75 xG)
}- !
S} ! S yGGU }G } G y
GUG U S U xG }G x , G U S
U U G x y U }G U U
S G | U S S S
G Sy }vU U S U G U Gy
x G }SyG U S U U S
U x .
(G, S. 75)
87
SH} }G
91
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
H
U 6 GMGU U Sy S
H
}G U 6 yG
1 G : }G U , S S x }G G
S x U GUS} U Sy S U GM J
SH} U 5 G :
} U v, 2 2 U y U G
S S} G} ( }wG, . 2, S. 95) x
2 (x^ yU), (wG yU) }U}} G y U
}zGy GU }G LSy y x S U UG
S S U GSS S U }G } GUG
G ( }G) U x G }G x J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 48,GU GH}x, . 1, S. 58) y
U U UG U Gy , S U UG
S S S~ G SU G }G U | G} J
( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 48) y G ( }) UG S
S U x }Uy }x S S U U
w S GG U y ( vH S xH xG) }}
y J S UG S x }G x }x S GG U
yGGU S U x U G J (g }Gy, : 2, S.
103) S S x U S} }G Gy U
2 S~ G :
88
SH} }G
92
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
SH} }G
93
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
SH} yG U U (S U) }G G S2
S U w w S S}y }G Gx y x S U
| yG U U Gv} J
(g }Gy, . 2, S. 143)
4 vG : }G G S U vG GM J
}-S U }G GS U y GM U
GS U vG MG x vG GS MG S
G y }G x J y G} GUy U vG G}}
}H } }Sy yGUy ( vG U }
U }) U } U G-} Sy U }SgGU
(SGU ) S }G U GUy }} U } Sy
y J
SH} U S
(www.dawateislami.net) vG | U }S} U
H }G S-G zGG U G}H GU }
J y S} U vG } }G GU
U }SyG GU }G } y U SH}
| U }Gy U yG U }Gy U U G J
( }wGy, . 2,S. 30)
SH} }G
94
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
}G GS U }vM vGy wG y ?
xGM zGy S U} S U} 20 } GU }G GS
U S} U S U } GU GGy }}
G} G wG
GU}y : }G GS } y
ywG zGG U vG Uy S wGy}
J (GUy -G }G, . 5, S. 156) U x S
GyyG U }G } yyG U ( yG ) U vGU
Uy SyG ( ) }G } x | S
yG J
(G, S. 139)
5 : y U vU U } J (LH
S, . 2, S. 111) y G S y U GM
} y GG y G S U y J
(GUy G}x, . 1, S. 65) G- } U | GM
xG US | G } U SUy J (}wGwGS G
}wGy, . 2, S. 113) y y } G S U U y
91
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
}G G U G G U
95
: } M GU G H
x } }-S G U y G
S zGG GS U y | G U }G x J (G, S. 112)
y y U - U x S vG U U
U S }G Gy ? y GU y J x Gy S U
S U yx y }G J (G, S. 113) y GUG }G }
y GUG | GM }-S } y U
U G U GUG }G Gy J ( }wGy, g }Gy, . 2, S.
117) y SSG ( LS y) U zG, Sy
yG } }yGGU }G U y UGU }x GyyG
U yG } yG Sy vG U y U GU
Sy } Sy }SGGU G}
U
}y--Gy ( ) U y U, S U G
}wG U}
} }yGGU }G U y U
UGU GU y J (}y }S, S. 225) y }G zG }
}yGGU }G U y UGU x zG y } J (
}wGy, g }Gy, . 2, S. 116) y y U } } GU
GU U yGGU yG J ( }wG, . 2, S. 129) y }
U y U GM S }G | U
}-S G, }G yGGU (GGU) zG
}G S U S S U G H S S U GUG
y J y S RU x zG }x S } |
y GM }-S } y U } S RU
92
SH} }G
96
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
Uy J (g }Gy, . 2, S. 120) y S S } | SG
L GUGU U GU y GM J (G) S vG
} y U } S S Uy J
6 yv yG} : }G U v U
U MG U GM J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 77)
S}H
S}H U Sy GMGU U Sy S
S}H
}G U 7 GUG
v G} : GGUGUy yv yG} ( yv
) yG }G } S }x }G U zGG S U
} S S }G U GUG S | } U x
J (xG , S. 256) y SH} yv U yzGUG G GU
}-S xx US S G x
S yzGGUG G} , } UGU . ( }wG, .
2, S. 220) y zGG U v U v
v U }G x U x U } GUS
S} U U U y UGU J ( }wyG , . 2, S. 218)
2 GU} : y U} U GU} U G U
93
SH} }G
97
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
G y yU GU} U S wG
J ( }wGy, g }Gy, . 2, S. 163) y GU} y yU
y yU GUy J GU- GUy GUG GU} |
GUG, GU- , GU- Sy Sy J (G)
y GUG, ~, Sy GU } GU} GUG J x GG
SGG U }G U Ux y x J (G) y wG
S }GG U yvGU GG U GU} S vG
SGUyG x U wG SU S U SU wG
S U } GwG} y S~ Hy GUy S
} }GG y J wG SUy }x S S }G
} Gy y } x GU y
yvGU x y U G J (xG, S. 261, 267) y x GS (
Sw) wG} U x U wG }}U
y GUG U wG U G J (xG, S. 261) y x SGU y
wG }}U U wG wG yv yG} U x y GUG
U wG U v U wG
}}U y J (G, S. 262)
G ! G SH} }} S yvGU (
GwG}) U S GUG }G U Gy S Gv}
-G xG GU}, y }G GUy GU} U
U U U GUG J S yGG S
wG SUy }x GS G} U
94
SH} }G
98
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
S G }}U }x U Gy y U
| }G Z U GUG J
(}wGwGS G Gy, GSS : 3, S. 79)
y
wG U G U GUy | U zG G SUy
}x wG U G zGG U GGy S G
G
S } , G}y G}, }SS},
}, S }Gy}
GU} :
U G U }G wG U G U SGU
( S) J (SGG }S}, S. 370, GS : 735) GG
(}) U S U G y S } U} x J
U G} G x U zG U G Uy
G }} y U U G U zGG
S}y S y U wG xGyG J ~ U 2
vGy zG Gy U | Gv} U wG U G
zGG J
( Gy, GSS : 4, S. 19)
3 GU : y GUy S U } U y}} GMGU
}wG S U U GGU xG S SGG yG }}yG
(}) J (G}x, . 1, S. 69) y Sy G } |
GM U wG S J (G) y x GMGU y SGG
U }x y Sy U wG S U LU }-S
xG SvG S}Gy ( S U
}G) | y }G J (G) y x wG S GM
95
SH} }G
99
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
}x | GyyG U S ( Sy GUy
) }G } GUy U G S yU , S yGG
ySGy xG } | wG w y }G U G | U
U G }GU U S S | } U U} G
U} y G U wG S SU }-S GG U
U
U } } y G GM U wG
S SU J (G ) L GU xG Gy | U} G U}
y G U wG S SU | G Ux J
y }yGGU U y G GUG U 2 vGy } ~,
S GU U vGy } }} }GU ( y
}G G ) GUG J (}GU GUG, S. 226) y GUG U
US vGy } GUy U GUGUyG U } U }G GUS
x J (G}x, . 1, S. 69) y GUGZ } U GUy
U yG } }-ySSyG ( }) G y
U GU } G U Gy }x S G U S} }
SU U} S U} } U - GU w S
U U G} , S U yy S (
U) GU G U Gv} J ( }wGy, g }Gy, . 2, S. 320)
GMGU U SGG x GM
vS x
, } U
GUGU Uy J w ! GMGU S x }
GUS x y }G x J ( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 125)
96
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
100
}G G U G G U
: wGS } M U G |H x
}-S S
}
U
) G }G y G S S
G J
( U
SGG
G ! G ! G !
S S GMGU SGG y S U G
}GU U UGU U G} U Sw U
y U U y G S U
GMGU SGG U SUy J Sy }}U y
G} U } S U }G x J U UGU
x S }G } }y U GU SGG G
y Sw U U Uy J w ! S yGG
}G y J ( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 138,139 }HwGGS)
S y U U }x Sw } U} S G
SH} S SGG GMGU y S U G}
U y Sw U U U G} U }
}G S U }G x !
(}wGG G GUy -G, . 6, S. 254)
}-SH }
S} ! GUy U }}y U
97
SH} }G
101
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
wG G x x J GUG }S} G
S LSy GU GU G Swy J
yxG GU Sy U G}x xG SS yGU y
S} U } }S } }-Sy } GU}
} }- } }- } U GU U GzGG
G U }zGy y} y J G xG U GMGU U
SGG x U S S Sy U yy y J
U ! y} GU U } G J U !
S} SGG GU GU G y S
U y
S} U Sw MG U J
yGGU y} GU U x Sw Sw
S U } x x J
U
G y} GU G}
yy GU S U } U}
4 LUG : LUG } G U U
G U UG xH
}H U SH} | U GG wG S{
(GH}x, . 1, S. 74 xG)
U J
5 S : y SyG }vU }U}, y } }
U GU} G-G}y : } Gv}
U Sy a S UL , } 2 2
98
SH} }G
102
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
2 Gv} U UG S} J
(SGG }S}, S. 253, GS :490) y vGy } 2 S
GUG J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 81) y S } } GM
J } U } U G} U SwGy }GSS x US
S yGG S U U } y S x J (G,
S. 81, 82) y US } G }-S S (S U xG U
) M (GU} U xH ) GU (CARPET) xG
S U y x } x y U
S y S x J (GH}x, . 1, S. 70)
y U} ( Sx ) xg wG }y
G }G x J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 82)
U U vGS
U S U y S } y , G SGG }
} S U SGU y G xG }G y
S} y , S } SS U GG S}, x xG
wG y , U U L UUG } U U
U Sy }
US U wGyG y J S
GUy U GU xG U y,
xx Uy, U }x Uy J U U
U Sy } G}} U U U GG}y | U
99
SH} }G
103
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
: wGS } M U G |H x
}G G U G G U
y J U ! U U wGy} J
U U U U GGU
U (CARPET) U U GSS U U
U yU U v }GUGU U
U U G U v U yS3
S yGG U U v x y
U x J , }G U H }^ y xG
G } H S G y S yGGU U
U J S GU UG U G S U U
| S GG U U J x U U UG
xG y } (}-S , } U
U ) y yU w G U GG xG U
Sy U U x x y | U x J U
U y S x U } S
U y J ! U U U | U
y J (yzGS }}y U }U--H } U }yGG
Gy, GSS 2:SU 118 127 U }yG-G GU} J)
6 GU G : }G U vGy U U
y yU U y ( Gy) S
yU G GUG J (G}x, . 1, S. 70) 4 vGy
GUG } 4 vGy U GU U y yU 5
100
SH} }G
104
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
U S U x 5 U S U
G } S2 yS3 U S U
}xG } yS3 4 U S U
S Sy } GUG yG x J }xG U G }G }
U vGy }G } J
(xG, S. 290)
7 wGM SG : GU wG U S}
yy xG U S GU GUS ( y) U
}G S U J }x S} U G U GU GUS
x y }G G x J x GUS (H
) U S yGG U GU x y }G yG J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 84)
S-
UH
S- SU UH
U S GMGU U S S vG 25
1
yv yG} } zGG v U J
2 GUG U yS3 vGy U G GU y}}
}G U vGy } G} GU G, Sy }
GU U U U G y y3 y U
y3 y G J 3 G} GU U Sy S
G J 4 G} GU Sy U } }
U G U G J 5 GUy
U GU LUG U J 6 U S U y
101
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
105
}G G U G G U
: S U S } GRU S }
S S U J 7 y U LUG, S,
GU} S } U} G U} U
U U
}vG 8 GU} LUG S S wG (G
SH} U} S Uy S yGG U
y ) 9 S 2 S U } S
(G SH} G U S S S
S S } y S yGG U yU
y Uy S G} }G
}vM yG} G x) 10 GU
x }G zG (zGH } 4 S S G vG U
SH} U S G 2 2 vG U GU U
GUG GU GU G x GU U
|H U G x U S vG U S U H H
S S U J) 11 x zG U yS3 vGy U
S U y 4 U U S S U J S S
S U x zG } 2 vGy U
GU GUG }x yS3 5 (
S
GUS U ) vGy U S U U GU GUG
U x J 12 GUG, ~ Sy }vU
} y ( Gy) U U G 13 2
GU } y }U}} G J x U zGG | y
102
SH} }G
106
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
yU x S S x J 14 GUG,
~ Sy }vU U GU } y U x
wG }
U
y S S x x U U y }G
J ( }wGy, . 2, S. 269) 15 yGGU S}
Uy vGy zGG SS} U 2 J zGG
GU} U Sy J 16 ~ } yv
GUy U J 17 ~ } G GUy G J 18 GUG
U S U x 19 LUG vGy } U
U 20 S vGy } 2 U 21 S2
vGy S GU U 22 4 vGy }G }
yS3 vGy GU U 23 y S G y
S yy U 24 S S y S
S U 25 2 GUG 2 GUG U
} y3 ySG U GU ( y3
U U }vG) vGGU J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 85, 87, }wG, gH }G, . 2, S. 184, 203)
}}
U 6 GMGU U S S
}}
v G} U 6 S
1
yv yG} U 2 U
x G (Normal) G, U }
103
SH} }G
107
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
}G G U G G U
} y U 3 x U
GU M 4 yv U vGy S U 5 yv
MG U S 2 U{ yU 6 yv
U GU Sy (yv U GU
{ H U HU U U GGU H,
S S U )
( G, GSS : 3, S. 88, 90)
G
G-H U U x GMGU
U S S GU} U 11 S
H S U U S U
S{ H J (xG, S. 300) 2 S 3 U
yGG
G 4 U yS}
G 5 y3 U U S U GU
U 6 S U Sy G 7 } U 8 S
U | Sy U 9 yv U GU S G
10 yGG SGU vGy } 11 yS} vGy
U MG } Sy J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 90, 91)
1
}
} U GMGU U S S
}G}}
LUG U 4 S
1 LUG U v U J ( G, GSS : 3,
104
SH} }G
108
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
SH} U H L UG }
xH U U S (G) 3 LUG } G
U SGU U U S{
U G GUGU U xH
}H U SH} | U GG wG
S{ U (GH}x, . 1 S. 74) 4 U
LUG U H U MG U H v U LUG U
Gy} LUG v Gy} U (G) S }SGU
( GU} S LUG } U GUSH) U U U H
H U H} U G v U xG US GGU U
G J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 93) x H v
v U }G GUS x J ( }wG, gH }G, .
3
2, S. 218) LUG } y
U J
S. 93) 2
( G, GSS : 3, S. 93)
S
U GMGU U S S
S
GU} U 3 S
LUG S y U (GH}x,
S{
. 1, S. 73) 2 LUG S }
G U
U ( }wG, . 2, S. 247)
3 }GU ( y }G G ) U 2 U
1
105
SH} }G
109
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
Sy J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 95)
U S |
Sy y }x U y
S S y, 2 G y J
U J
( }wG, . 2, S. 246)
H U n
GUG} SHH
GMGU U S S S U 18 S
1
S } U 2 S S U
v U J 3 S } U} G U} y3
U 4 S } G} w 5 U
x } GU LwG w 6 S} U S U
G U S 7 S 8 H S
9 H G} S }H 10 S } y G}
U 11 U 12 U, U 13
w 14 S S y S U U
15 , U 16 U, U 17 , U
18
( G, GSS : 3, S. 96, 98)
G
U GMGU U S S
G
S U 4 S
2 S U } J S S Uy
106
SH} }G
110
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S
} M U G GGUGU wG x J
2 S vG U S S GUxG U 2 S{
UH 3 S 4
w J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 98)
G
GGU U GMGU U S S
S vG U H U 2 S
1 2 S U y S2 vGy U
U , 2 w U wG Sy J U}G
} yvGU xG } U S G} w U
wG } G J
(g }Gy, . 2, S. 262)
} U GMGU U
}
S S GU U 8 S
1 S S 2
w 3 x Gy (NORMAL) G
U G w Z U } Z J 4 G }
U J S U GGU U xH S
H U U H, x H U GGU {
UH} U xH S U { { }
H S xH S{ U
H 5 S GU } | S GG S GG H }
107
SH} }G
111
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
| G 6 U M GU
G (M } G zGGH ) ( G, GSS : 3, S. 98,
99) 7 GUH S xG }vU (GS G U S
GUH) U GU H } | U M GU G
S J (gH }G, . 2, S. 281) (8) M GU U G
G J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 102)
G
U GMGU U S S SH} U
GzGS
U 4 S
1, 2
GUG U S 2 S} U :
3 S yGGU, U 4 yGGU
(G 4 S. 103)
} U J
S
S U GMGU U S S
S U 3 S
1
GUG U Sy } GUG U}
U x Sy x }x S U} x
Sy } ywG | }vM S yGG G G
GGU U | Gy J (xG, S. 343, g }Gy, . 2, S.
300) 2 (GUG U ) GU Sy }wGyS G GUGy
Sy U S U} x J ( Gy, GSS : 3,
S. 107) 3 Sy GUG U } U} U S SSG
( LSy y) U Sy yG y
108
SH} }G
112
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
: S U S } GRU S }
}G G U G G U
S U} y J Gv} S U} U }GU
(yL S, . 2, S. 558)
yG}(1) J
}}
} U 14 GMGU U
}}H }}
Sy S }G U yvG 14 }SyGy
1 y U GUG G S U J (}wGy, . 2,
U } y GG y }G x
J 2 GU} } 2 U } 4 x U
GUS J (G}x, . 1, S. 73) 3 GU} U Gy }
S U x, 4 LUG } 2 GU} U y 5 S
} U U yGGU 6 GU } x U yGGU 7 S} }
S U U yGGU 8 S S} } U U yGGU
G U J (yL S, . 2, S. 214) 9,10,11 }GU U
LUG S } y3 S G (}x yGGU G }-S
, Sy, ) ySG U J (GUyGH GU, . 1, S. 259) 12 S
U wS S U }SyG U yU }}U
wS J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 106) 13 } y }
U LU y y U J x S
yGG | LU y GU} } S U y S xG GU}
} U y S } J } U U
y yGGU U } wG U U SU
S. 113)
109
SH} }G
113
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
}
x } U}
U
} U| y J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 106, }wG,
gH }G , . 2, S. 215)
GU LU x J 14 S
G} G J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 106)
S G} G GGG
U G}
G y S} GG y S }} }}G } }}G }
xGG
vG GU}y : GGy S G}
G GG G
} G} S Uy S
U x }S xG y J (G G}, . 1, S. 204)
x U GUGy
GGy S S SGUG
S
y U GG S , xG
U
GU} SM : y} } S U wGS yU }G S GUx
(U }^) U SGU U v U yU
S U }G U S U y GUy S
U G }xGGUy Uy y J
(}}GGG, . 2, S. 311, GS : 2761)
S} ! }G S }^ G y
yU U y G x J x
G S vHGU GH G } G
J x US U U U wGGU y S U
}G U S }^ SGU U J
110
SH} }G
114
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
}G G U G G U
S S}GH U }} U }
U yS GMGU U Sy S }G yG 29 y
1
y U ( }wyG , . 2, S. 445) 2 US U
S} U J 3 S} U J (GH}x, . 1, S. 98)
4 U U (}G } wG U U y wG} )
x G U U
U y | G
x S vGy G} U y GUxG U U J (G) 5 wG
wG S U
U J (G, S. 99) 6 wG
( US U }y U wG) S U
U (G)
U
7 G U J (G, S. 100) 8
} S U
U J 9 SU }
U S} x} S U M GU G }-S
U ( }wG, . 2 S. 460) (x
U y S U y }G )
}G }
10
}Sy U S GUG ,
, GU, yGU U x G S } GGU
x }G GUS x J x } SGU S U G
GMGU U y G J
}G } wS
11 }G U G S wGy ! ! U
111
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} U J
115
}G G U G G U
: } | } M G U } M
}G w U G
14
}SGGU GU S, US UxGG xG } w
w U GU GU G ( x G
}SGGU GU xG SGU G y G , x US
UxGG xG y w S w S} }x G
S } | U }G-GU J ( }wG, gH }G, . 2, S. 463)
15 S} Uy S} }G} }G U
w y S} }vM J ( G, GSS : 3, S.
177) }G} y G Uy , G }G }
GU Uy yG U x x, }
GU G xG S yGG w U U w G
G L} xG G , G }G
112
SH} }G
116
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
xG x SUG, y GU} xG G
S | J
G-} US U yGU
16 G-} US }G U GUS U y U
}G U } S SG }G U U x
J S U} U U U S w S S x U
}G } U x x} xG U }G } y
| G-} US J x S w U U
U }G } y G-} GU }G GUS
( }wGy, . 2, S. 464)
x J
}G S
17
}G Uy } y
J (x, S. 452) 18 }G S~ w S
Gy } U Lv U y3
U U
}vG vGGU xG J
( }wGy, . 2, S. 467)
}G } U x
19)
}} S | w }-S y xG
x J GUG } } x x J ( }wG ,
gH }G , . 2, S. 462) 20 }G MG U S U
G y } } S x y x U
S S G y }G GUS x x S U}
113
SH} }G
117
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
102)
}G GU S GGU
24 GG S U S}y U S 45 - S
S G U }zGS }G , x GG S y }zGS J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 179, }wG, . 2, S. 468)
}G } S }
25
S U } S }G y U
y3 GU} G y3 G U Gy GUS
x J (GH}x, . 1, S. 103) S U } S vGy
}G U S} S xG G U wG UG , x yvGU
U y } }vM J (G) 26
y wG y } U U y }
114
SH} }G
118
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
}G y x y }G GUS }x
}vM J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 103, x, S. 448)
}G } w
U Lv } y3 w S }G GUS
y U w U U w U
2 x S yGG yS3 U y
}G y x J x U w U G--Uy
y U }y w U x J (G, S. 104, G)
} GU H GG, }} H S, }H }}
G} G G
}G } U }-GHGU
GU} : (}G } x H ) GG U, SU
S U S }G } H H }x U Lv
}-SH GU} GUG LUG S } 3
, U G J (GU -G, . 7, S. 384)
27
v U } xG-yG
28 yvy yGUy } v
U GU
U G U v U
U GU G v U y }G GUS
x x yv yG} } S y }G MG J
( }wGy, . 2, S. 473) 29 GUy GU }G } S
xG-yG S S } GUS }G GUS y J
( G 4 GSS : 3, S. 182) }-SH
U }
115
SH} }G
119
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
}}
SH} U
}} H } } H SH}
S GMGU U Sy S }G U 26 }vMy yG}
1 S U S w J (G}x, . 1, S.
105) 2 UG S} J (G) S U U G x
S } y vGy } xG x S y J x
UG S U y U S G } G J
U U
3
S UG U J }-S S U
S yGG S L} xG U 2 U vy
x U U S U S U
y G J x U U H U U S
HU S | }vM J
( Gy, GSS : 3, S. 192)
yGG Gy U gy
4, 6
wG G U gy J x
}G MG U S gy y vGy } SGy U
Sy } }G MG U }}G x J x S
U GUxGy G U }G U vGy wGy} x y
}G G J x }G Gy y
116
SH} }G
120
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
: } M GU G H
}G G U G G U
}
x vGy } x y }G yG x S yGG
(g }Gy, . 2, S. 492)
G y xx x J
}G } UU
}G UU }vM yG} J
x Sy U }yGGU S SUy y U
U Gy x xG y y
U S G U Gy G J
7
x wG
8
}G } x wG J ( }wyG , . 2, S. 493)
wG-y} }GvGGUGU GGy G} G }
GU}y , } U y U SU }
GU} : }G } x wG
U J (S- }, . 1, S. 514, GS : 965) }y U
G S vG U, SyG 2 , U }U,
yG }G U
G}y G-}
x wG S }G GU} J }G U y }
: }G U y x wG S }G GU} J
GS }-U S y3 GU} Sy (GU)
}G U }vM yG} J G }G } }SH }G U H , }G U G U |
xH G }vM J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 193, }U-H }) () wG }G } ( yG }G } | )
117
SH} }G
121
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
xG Gy U x wG }vM yG (}) wG
}G } US Gy U S }-S x U } U
x wG }G ( Uy G) J (g
}Gy, . 2, S. 493,494) 9 yU U U x
S U x } J ( }wG, . 2, S. 493)
U} w
10 U} w (G, 347) }G U G |
( GG) U} ( 2 ) w J
( }wyG , . 2, S. 494)
U }G
GU}y : U} }G } w } U Gy
(GSS HH xG, . 2, S. 313, GS : 731)
U GU U } } U }
} v Gy !
(G Gy, GSS : 3, S. 186)
S} U yGGU w
S} U yGGU J ( G, GSS :
U }G
GU}y
: v G x U }G } S} U yGGU w
y S S G U w U x J (SGGH
wG, . 1, S. 265, S : 750) 12 } U U
w, } U G J } U xG SGU w U
U GMy w }vM yG US
xG-G SGG U yGy y G J ( G, SS : 3, S.
11 x
3, S. 194)
118
SH} }G
122
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
}G U yGGU w
13
US U } U S} }G G J S U |
}G U yGGU } U G x J U S
U U S U U yGGU LwG U U }G
MG U y }G MG U xx S }G
Uy U x Uy J (
}wGy, . 2, S. 496,497) 14 GMy wU ( xG}
xG) U J ( }wG . 2, S. 511) 15 GUS }
J (}GU GUG, S. 354) (x wG wG y G
}x U }SyG )
U }G
GU}y : }G } US U } y yU
SU U U yG } } wG y J (SGG }S}, S.
1597, S : 2995) 16 GU }G G (}-S
vGy }
G S2 }
) 17 US
U yU U J }-S GU} S }
S S S } J ( G, GSS : 3,
S. 197) S x } }S} U wGS y }S
119
SH} }G
123
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
G y , w ! y | }G S yGG G x S
U J GU} S } U} G U} U
U U }vG 18 GU}
U G US }GUG GU } G J ( G,
GSS : 3, S. 197) 19 GUy LUG } U wGy} U J
(G) 20 G} }xGS ( S G} S G
GUG U ) 21 S } GG } (
}wG, . 2, S. 54) 22 } (G) 23 GU U
S} U GU }G U } U G GH
}G G (GH}x, . 5, S. 319) (24) UzGGU U G
G } }G G U } | }}G J
(g }Gy, . 2, S. 53)
}G yS
}vM
yG} }G U G | S UG G J (
G, GSS : 3, S. 195) 26 }G U S y
S U x x U yS G
}vM yG} | }vM }x xGy Sy
S U} J x yS GU S S y y
Uy J x yS xG U S G xG
y S } U }G-GU J y yS S G}
w U wG U w y G U yzGS w (S
25 U yS S U }G G
120
SH} }G
124
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
: S U S } GRU S }
}G G U G G U
U G}} yGGU U U }G U yS y y
yS) }G U GS Uy J ( G, GSS : 3,
S. 195, 196)
yGGU U |G } U | GG x y
}}--Gy GU x J U G }-S , , ,
U GSS S S U w, U, xG
S G } S yS } U G J
w
wG U }S U } U } GG
U yS GMGU U Sy S }G U 30 }vMy yG
1
S UG }SS U U}U U
S } }G G J (GH GU, . 1, S. 198) 2 } } U
G J x S U S GUy SU
S GUG U U GU U U y }G
GUS x J ( }wGy, g }Gy,. 2, S. 491) 3 LUG
S } GMy y3 S U} ySG U (x vGy
yx G U wGGU S y G J) ( G,
GSS : 3, S. 198) 4
}G } S wGU S G J
x U S }G } y y G } G J
(G}x, . 1, S. 105) 5 }G } S U S
S} U J ( }wGy, . 2, S. 497) G S
}zGS }G J (GH}x, . 1, S. 98) 6 }G }
GG G UG } U J ( }wG, . 2, S.
498) 7 xG 8,9 y wS, wU J
121
SH} }G
125
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
126
}G G U G G U
: } M U U US U U
}- UH : G-} GU }G U }GU
G }GU }vM J (G}x, . 1, S. 105)
G U wG 2 zG U | v U
G U 4 vGy G }SyG U GS
U } GU} : S G S 4 } 4
}G-GUGy U yG S x G} GU} x J
(S-}, . 1, S. 436, GS : 428) G} S yGyG
GU}y : S S x } wG x S
U x } x S ( U GGU y-GU
U) }yG-y yG S U GUGU U G U
x }yG U S U} U yGUGU x
SG J (GGGG HgH }wG, . 1, S. 284)
123
SH} }G
127
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
}G G U G G U
G} }
GU}y : S U y
U SGy S U wGy} x GwG } x J
(gH }G, . 2, S. 547)
S} !
G U S10 vGy
}G G y wG } }G vGy zG G U
12 GU U Sy S 12 vGy U } Uy xy
! SyGU}y U S 2 zG G U y GU} J
S-
S- }} U GMGU U
Sy S }G ~ U 12 }- U
1
}G ~ J 2 x y S
U GUG G} J (GH}x, . 1, S. 111) 3 ~ U vGy
G U GUG U S SG SGU yU J 4 S U
GU S U zGG U y } U
y U U ~ J 5 S U y3 vGy J ( }wG,
. 2, S. 532) 6 S } GU , SGU y G
U wG J 7 yS3 vGy } GUy U yv
GUy (H v) U J ( G, GSS : 3, S.
86) 8 S yGG yv yG} Uy S yGG S3 vG
} H G} GU G U U{ yU
U v U J 9 U U G
124
SH} }G
128
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
GUy G J
GUGUy
} y S } y
() y S wG }xy
(}x) y } y
(H) y |S wy
() y y yGU
Uy (U) y RU Uy
(U) y RU Uy
(U) x Uy (U)
Gy (G) S U y
GU} U, } y
Gy Uy (U) y
}G Gy (G) S Uy
(U) y yGGU Gy
(G) SG U (U)
y G}y U }}
y GG S y () U
y GG GUGU U } J
10
G GU y U L GU G y J
( G, GSS : 4, S. 4, }wG, . 2, S. 534)
125
SH} }G
129
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU } M
GU G Hx } S US wGS J
11
G GUy G SU G :
!) --}
UGH } : } }
} |H } G
} |H } GG GG
S J
G :
} }xGGUy GU} J
(xG, S. 418)
x G GUy G | x LUG } x y
S U S S U J
12
~ U SH} U U U U S
GL H }
U 3
G S U J
~ } SH}
U S3 H
G
S U GMGU U
GG GH} S
S S S S U 14 }- UH
1
y }G } S x U | S
y S S J ( }wGy, . 2, S. 655) 2 x
S S U U y }G
126
SH} }G
130
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
J (G) 3 U yU U y S
S UGU U }G J (G)
4 U S yU y }G S U
S U } wG S y S S }-S
wGGU yy GU U G y }x S U
yGGU y }G S U y yy S
G S S ( U S U S
S y U) (gH }G, . 2, S. 655) 5 GUG yU S
}G y y S S S S U yGU SUy
G G (G, x, S. 455) 6 Sy }SyGy
}-S S, yGG, yS}, }, yvy
yGUy ( S xG } vG U H
H v) ySGy U yU S S S
y, }G x J (G) }x G }SyG , |
U yU U U ( G, GSS : 4, S. 58)
7 }G } x S10 yU , S U 2 S
S U UGU J (g }Gy, . 2, S. 655, G, GSS
: 4, S. 59) 8 y U (}-S LUG U U}
GUU} U
U U }vG S wG 2
S U } U
U U }vG S )
SH} }G
131
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U
G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
GU U H v U x) | x S
GUy
GGy S }} G} GGU
U wG } SU }, 2 GH} U }HU }wG,
U SU }
SyzGS GU} :M GU G
y} S v y ? GG U : S U S
| U ( xGzGy S) G J SU G GU
128
SH} }G
132
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
: } M GU G H
}G G U G G U
}
S GU} J
(G)
13 US GU } y S U x y S S
}G zG GUG J
(G}x, . 1, S. 127)
S S U yGGU
(14)
Gy G U U zGG U L
GU | G , S yGGU S} U U 2 S U,
U y, L GU G G U S} U J
S yy yG U }y
}
GU } } S U 14 J S }vGS U
U }S } S U S ( 14) y G U
(14) S U
S U }vGS GU} x J wG
U U y G U S U S Uy S G U
129
SH} }G
133
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
U x GMGU U S S
GUG}
S H U 11 }- UH
y S G S S S y
G } yG U y G } U x U GG
y wG S SU, S U GM U
GUS S GUS S S | S y J (
G, GSS : 4, S. 77, GH}x, . 1, S. 132) 2 US |
G } y U y} G S S
x, S S} S} U y S
U y} J GM U S }} y y
x U y S U y} y x
y S U GMy U S U y S
y x J
(G}x, . 1, S. 133)
3 S U y G GM U
G G-} }-ywGwG
U GU zGG
S } S U }g y S U S GU U
U zG } U G y S yy y
1
130
SH} }G
134
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
G GyyG U 2 Sy } S yy U
J
(GUy -G, . 8, S. 229, 233, }HwGGS)
4 y S M }G ( G }G) G y GU
S U G y ywG }vM
yG J ( }wGy, . 2, S. 703) 5 S yy }G }
GU U x ywG U y xx x
yU }G } S} U U U }G U }GU GU
U y S yy U U S S J (
}wGy, g }Gy, . 2, S. 704) G S } 3 S
G G H U} } G }x G S } x
S GUG , }-SH vGGU S U U S
Ux | J ( G, GSS : 4, S. 82 }HwGGS)
6 UGU HxG S S S | S
H x J (GH}x, . 1, S. 132) (7) S
H U H G} U S }} G }G U
H }-SH G, SvGH GUH, , vG S
} U x (1) S~ G, HG x
GU }}} U U S U G J ( }wG, . 2,
S. 699, G, GSS : 4, S. 80) 8 S U }
G U GUH U S U }yGHGU S
1
SH} }G
135
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
S yy U yGGU
10
wG U v Uy S }
U} S U} y3
U U v
U wG J MG }, 2 v
U Sy wG U S } S U
wG 2 GU} }SyG J ( G, GSS : 4, S. 80)
11 S yy U v Uy vGy
S } y S} J
(yL S, . 2, S. 700)
U : HxG U | S S
U | U S U U xG-H G U S
GS Hx U G S H U H J
S RU U
, } x} G } x
}G GU }SGU S xGG US
}y U GS S RU U }SyG S U yGGU
1. GUS G G U G}H
132
SH} }G
136
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J
: S } U M U G H
}G G U G G U
}G U x S xG SwGy x
1
SU }, SyG GU, GU GU S,
GUG x, SG }GG S, GS G SU
U GU} GH : x U y
U | U S} }G } G U xG } v y
S100 S wG S U GU} S y S}y J
(S- }, . 1, S. 506, GS : 946) 2 GGy S
}} }U
GU}y U GGy S U
G
U : }G U x S xG
x y U S v x y G} } S U xG
S y y J (}G }} }U, . 1, S. 154, GS : 371)
}G U x S xG U xx }x }G G
H U }G } S S U GUGU Gy J
(GUy -G, . 7, S. 254, }wGwGS)
133
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
137
}G G U G G U
: wGS } M U G |H x
S
S G-H U U GMGU U Sy S
}G U x S xG U } 15 GU}
1
} G }S } }G U GU} S }GG
S yU xG G J }GG S S } U
GU} U Gy } S U x G } y y yU
x U }GG S J S U } S xG G
J (GH}x, . 1, S. 104, }wG, . 2, S. 479) }GG S
U GUS G GU} S U y3 xG yU J G
} } }G U GU} U y3 xG U S xG } G
(GU Gy, GSS : , S. 114) 2 }U }S
} }G U x x Sy ( G) y GU} S
GU yU U S xG G J (G}x, . 1, S. 104)
3 }G U x Sy U G y S Sy U
S xG } U G J (G) 4 Sy U} G U} U
( yvG xG) x }
J ( }wG, . 2, S. 484) 5 wGy, }
xG U | Sy SUy J (xG, S. 367) 6 S U S
Gy } Sy U U S U }G U yGGU
U }G U GGU } U }G J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 184)
(x }G G H U U GGU US } U
U }G S } U H ) 7 U SH}
134
SH} }G
138
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
}G U x S xG y x S SH}
S U G U S U U zGy U G }yGGU S
U S S xG y }G S GU xx
S U SH} Sy ( G) |
x J (GH}x, . 1, S. 104) 8 x U S GU
x }G G U xG U G }G U
S} y xG } G J ( G, GSS : 3, S. 183,
}U--H }) 9 2 }G U x S xG y
S U yGGU U } S U }G U S} U
U wG J S U G U S xG J U
S U U }G U yGGU U U wG
J xG U S S S
yGGU J (GH}x, . 1, S. 104, gH }G, . 2, S. 483)
10 U }G U x S xG y y }G U Gy
U S xG S U wG
U (
G S) GUy U S w U S
}G U J S S G U Gy J }-S UG UG
U U } U x G-} US x y }G
y J ( }wGy , g }Gy, . 2, S. 485,) 11 ySG
2 U GMy }G U }vM J ( }wGy, . 2,
S. 486) 12 Gy U S} S xG y Gy ySGUGU S }G
135
SH} }G
139
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
U S U x U y } J (G)
13 x } ySGUGU U Gy ySG U y }G
GUS }x wGGU Sy J (G, S. 487) 14 yGGU
U U yGGU }G U x S xG G J
(gH }G, . 2, S. 482) 15 G U }G U x S
xG G J
G
G S }vU U S GMGU
U S S G 17 }- UH
1
G U S20 vG J S GUMGU G}
U G } S20 vG G J
(}GUSS- H S HH GU, . 2, S.
305,
GU} :
1365)
G U vG G U GUG G U S SG SGU
U J G U GUG U S H x G H
x J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 115 xG)
4 G U GUG ~ U | G G SU
136
SH} }G
140
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
: wGS } M U G |H x
}G G U G G U
J S U G GU 29 U M HH U
}H } G U S S J
5 }SG U G } U G U
x { U G | U J
( }wG, . 2, S. 598)
G x GU S U GUG J (G)
7 U G U S20 vG 2 2 U U
S10 SH} U S U J ( }wG, . 2, S. 599)
8 G U S20 vG U SH} U S | U
SU , }x S U }vM J (G) 2
vG GU U GUG J GU } G
U M GU | G GGU vG ( H,
S, xG) } S, GG S} | G J
9 GG U 2 2 vG U U G
2 vG Hx Hx U x S20
vG U U S U H | G J
6
H GG G U G }vM U G
137
SH} }G
141
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
GU-GU U}
U GU J
( }wG, . 2, S. 603)
11 x (GGUG SH} G U
) US S (G) U }G GUS
GU U vG } G U G U
U Gy} } vSG J (GH}x, . 1, S. 118)
12 2 vG |H x U S3 U S
U G } S S U H
x S3 U S U H U H }x
2 } x J x 2 GU U
4 J
(G)
13 3 vG G U SH} U x S
U H U 2 vG G J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 118)
x SS U ( S S GUH) GU U Gy}
x | G -}G U G G U
(G)
S }vU J
15 vG U } H U H
}SG } vG G J S vGGU U
(GH}x, . 1 S. 115)
G U J
16 G U wG U GRU M
14
138
SH} }G
142
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
H U zGH G SG | G
SU :-
17
S vG U U G | }SG J
( G, GSS : 4, S. 39)
}G x U zGSH
}G } UH 48 vG J } 17 vG GUG, 3
vG , 12 S }vU, 8 vG S xG }vU
8 vG zGH J
} }
} GU
S
S }vU
zGH zGH UH
}vU S xG GUG
vU
GUH
GU
12
GS
}xG
17
139
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
143
}G G U G G U
: S U S } GRU S }
}G U G H
}G U GU GH (GH ) S
}-U } , G }xG G } S U
G , GUH S }wGS G GUG ,
S U S U} x J
(gH }G, . 2, S. 300, G, GSS : 3, S. 107)
GS }-U } US G U S
S S U} G U U GUGH GU U
H S G U S }wGSS } U} G U
U }SH U U GUzGH (H) US GS GUS} U
U S H x U } U} G U
S S Hx, H x } } U GUG
G U SU G (G) U y}}
(}U}}H U) J
(G, S. 302, G)
vG }G U S GUH S GUx U
GH U G H SH U H } GM
}x } G J U H G
M GU G S Sx J
1 -H US U U G H } GH
J
(}UH }SG, . 1, S. 197, GS : 974)
2
(1)
! GRU, RU G U } } GU} J
140
SH} }G
144
}G G U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
(1)
( ) S U x }GGU x } S
|x J
4 SG GUG}
S33 ,
S33 ,
S33 99 , G }
(2)
U
G U (100 U G U H) S U x wG
x x S} U x U J
5 }G U U xH GSS U
G : 3
(G U U U H) xG}
S J } GU H GG }} H S }H
}GU G U G } }G
G} G G
GUG U GGU GU} ,
H
S S J
1.
} : } H
S }GGU }x (}x) S U S U
} G GU} H S U x } U
(U) J) 2. H
U S U } v
x S U U U J S U }U J S U G} J
GU J 3. H U } S MG S U S U }
} S xG} }HH GU} J
G} G} J H
141
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
6
(1)
145
}G G U G G U
: } M U U US U U
GS GU U xG H, xG UH} U
S10 S10 G J
( G, GSS : 3, S. 107)
GG S S
S } U
G}, GUG }}, , SH
GU} : S }G U U,
(2)
}xGGU zG
U x J
(}}GG G, . 10, S. 129, GS : 16928)
S H
8 GG GS
U }G, xG, }GG GH G
GU} : GUG }G U S10 }
( S) Gx H GH S U H G
}xGGU HG} GU} x J (zGS }S, . 8, S. 678)
S
9 GG S G GU}
SH U}, G} GH}, }SS}, }, SH
}G }
GU} : wGS }G U
7
1.
H
U S U } , , S U U U ,
S U H }U G} , S U } G , G U }
GU J 2. U G-G} H S U GU
S U GG S U U UG GU x S U GU }H J
142
SH} }G
146
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
GUG }G U GGU
(1)
} } Gy} GU U U S
GG S
S
} U , SG , G} G-H}, S G
, }G G}
U GU} GGUGU
: GU }
( S) Gx x
() GU Gx S S U G}H
H G} S zGGH U vG U J
(-GH } HH GU, . 2, S. 501, GS : 2528)
G S }GGUG U G}H
SU }, G GU S, GUG x, SG
}GG S
U GU} GH : S
}G GU U U xG
( S)
10
U S } G S } S U x x
G S x J
(zGS }S, . 8, S. 678)
(}G U G U }G }U--H } U }yGG
G GSS 3 SGUG 107 110 , H G-GUH
U} -- GU } }H-GG GU} H) J
1. --} UGH } : U } U GG G H U U
S SH} x} S wG H U S U J
143
SH} }G
147
GUG }G U GGU
GUG }G U GGU(G-GU)
M GU U GUGH
2 U G, G, }G G}
U GU} }xGGU , } L
U G H SG , G }G } S
M U G U S H U x }GGU x J
(H }GSxG HSSG, S. 320, GS : 5191)
30 -H }G U } 4 5 }
:
--} UGH } :
}G U G }G
S |H J
SH} }G
148
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
U, GU S G, S} U U, USH
SS, S G J
(LH GGU, S. 958)
} U GGUU
G x} S H
GG S }} }G}} G} G-
GU} : U x U } } U
S U } H , x S } U G H
| S U x} S H Hx U U
}G } SS U vG U GUG U U G }x
U U } x G
} U J
(UH U, S. 19)
U }G GUG U H | GUSGU
H GG }} G} G G
GU
-G 5 SGUG 110 GU} : U vG U
}G | GUS H GG -G S GUG U
SH} }G
149
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
UH U G
U } } , }vU } U }
SG U}
GU} :
2 wGS ( H
}UH
) }
} G }GUg } H J } U U
wGS H U U wGS G
U UH , UH U
U U J } GU U
U ? GG U : x GU H H (}G
}G U ) GU GG U, U : H wGS
GU G
U S U G GUG }G U vG
U GU} U x J
(}HwGG G : GG G, GS : 7047, : 4, . 425)
GU } x U H
U wGS U GU x J zG U U H
U GU} U H GU } x x GUS
U H UH U H U GU
H ! U H H H }G U } ,
SH} }G
150
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
U U GU } x U H |GU !
GU }^ H S} }
U : }} ! } U }H
U ? H : v ? GG U : }
U GU } x U H |GU ? U }
| Hx U, zG ! }G } S U
U }G GUG U U G U J
(UH U, S. 26)
SH} ! GUG U H U
wG G }G G
U v } x !
x }G G |H .....?
H, , U G,
GU} :
G}, }G H G
}G |H G H U
(GG }SH}, S. 346, S : 684)
U vG J
GU-GU U}
GU} , } |H
}G GUG x U GUG G GUG H GUG
U x }x x vG
}vM vG G H G }vM J
( G, GSS : 4, S. 50)
SH} }G
151
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
: S U S } GRU S }
GUG }G U GGU
} } U }Hx ?
H U } }G GU GUG U
} U }Hx J G} } } GU
H GG, }} H , H }, GG}H
--U, GG}H }, }G H, }g
}H, G} , }G G, GH} G,
GGU, GS G --U, }} GGU }G, GG
GH} }H G H GGUG H GU }}
GU -G, 8 GUG
G} G G
161 GU} : U }H H
U wG } J x x U S S
U vGS (U) U, SG U x U GUS S
wG Hx x GM S x J
GU} : U S } U
SHH
, U S wGS U (x }) }G G G U
S }G U vG J (SGG }SH}, S. 344, GS : 681)
U G GS }
}G U vG GH U x U vG
UH x }G GUG x GUyGG xx U
x GG } x H } U GU
} wGH vG H | U G U U
SH} }G
152
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
v GS U x } xG G xGH U
x vG } Hx J
( G, GS : 4, . 50, }U--H })
U x
G SH} x U } x
H G U }G G U S U G
U G U H x } U |H J x
GUGU U| | x G H
| U US GUH } }G} x SU
S SH} U -wGS U }G GU U H
x J H} H G H }x
U G G | U U } Hx
SH (CELL) Gy} S G U
UU}U , 2 GS GM G G
J Sx }
S vG GH }U G S
3
J G }
S GS U G}H
U S } GU} x :
~ (, GGU) ~ U S U
U H
J (S-}G, . 2, S. 4, GS : 453) GU-GU U}
GU} : U SG U }G
x H GM G U x
}}G J
(gH }G, . 2, . 33)
SH} }G
153
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
GUG }G U GGU
, GUG H G U GU
G U U Gv} vG } H U
U J vGUGy} U G}H } H GUG
x Gv} U H } U G
G U U U H G}H H G
UH J vG U x G} { H }G
GUG U J ( }wG, : 2, . 627,632) }x
}G GU, }G G } vG U H} U
HG} }G x J ( G, GS :4, . 50) H
GG -G } G GUG U wG x , GUG U
U GUG G H | U, G
}vGH
G U x }GGU x J ( }wG,
. 2, S. 626) vG GG U GUG G H U
U xG U U }G U
G}} U G | GU x G
U ? (gH }G, : 2, . 627) GG
G
, H,
, U G, G}, }G H
GU} : x GU} U
GGG
U H n ( }GGU) U J
(-GH }, . 5, . 436, G : 7178)
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
154
GUG }G U GGU
: } | } M G U }
U 3 Lv
U }G U H x U
U }G G |H x }H}
U U x |H U H
J ( xx x) ( G, GS : 4, . 50) ! x
H vG x U G xGH U
}G xG J }G} U U G x }x
}G} }-SH xG U }G} U GG x J
GUG U H
U G}} GUG }G U G
}x H U GM U GU}
U G G J HG GUS U vG }H }
GUG G U U J ( }wG, . 2, . 646)
SH} }G
155
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
U GUG U
GUG }G U G Hx ( H U
GU SH |) U G U (}-SH }
U U U } U GU GUG x } GUG G} U
xG) x U G | }vM G} x J
HG x Hx U }-x } ~
GUG U v GU U H J
}GH G } GUG G} !
-}GH }U U G }G } G Hx
}G GUG G} G } U G} | U
GUG U }G x GH }GG J (
G, GSS : 4, S. 57) }GUS GU}H }} GG }zG
GU} : }GH G U
G} G
G GS U } 12 vG zGH 2 2 vG U
G J UG } -H GUG U U
-H U 3
U
-H GUHGU G J U GU U
GU }G GUG U U G x U GUG U U
}GGU x GUG }G
x
}GGU x G x J
(SH} Gx, . 135)
SH} }G
156
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
G} | U GUG U G
U| }G G GUGU
GUG G} G HxG HxG
vG }G U G Hx J x | U
U HxG HxG GG } S
U GS S HGU 9 S HGU 12 S U G} G
Hx J
GUG U }
GUG G} } | U U U H }} G
U H U }} G U }G GG GS, }xG G J
SH} }G
157
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
LUG } vG
U
MG U U }} Gy} U U
vG LUG J GG } | U J U wGGUGU
GUG U 3 4 vG
} H G} GU U x GUGUG
3 U U
LUG U H J }x ~ U 3 vG } H G} GU
2 GM G J wGGUGU U GU
G } G U 2 M
G U x SGU,
U U H} U J
4 wGGUGU U ~ U 3 vG } G GU U
x
U U GUGUG U 3
U J
(}HwGGS G GU -G, . 8, . 157)
}G GUS U GUG
x GH GU U GUG }G GH GU} } Gx
GUS Gx GH GU} U GUG }G GU } GUG
Ux Gx GUS Ux J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 121)
G} < U }G
G
}g x U SH} H
G} < U } U GUG }g H
SH} }G
158
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
G} SH} } }G U GUG J
(gH }G, . 2, . 647)
U U vG }G
(MIDWIFE) }G Gx U } U
, }G GUG U U H GG J
(gH }G, . 2, . 627)
}G U }G U }GGU ?
}G | }G G U x
GH 6 vG U GH } }G GU
U GUG J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 121)
G} | U }G G
U }G } vG U }} G} U
}G U U G
U GU GS U G }} vG | G ~
} GU G U 3 U GU U U, U U
}H U 4 J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 124)
GUG U HzGG U |H x U G
} GU H GG, }} H }H
}} G} G G
GU} : } G-H}
G GU} : GUG GUG
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
2 SGG J
159
GUG }G U GGU
: } M GU G H
GUH U x GUG G} G
GUG }G GUH } vG zGH
G G U U H GUG U G}G }
H G 12 vG }vU U G J
( G, GSS : 4, S. 55, gH }G, . 1, S. 646)
GU GS U GUH G U
}G GU (U vG } SG SGU S H U
GHG zG U U) GS U }} GUH
U }vM (G}) GUS x GH }S
, }G xG U HG} J }-H G
GGU U GUH }G U MG U U
G H, x GU GS U v J
( }wG, . 2, . 44,45)
GUG U H U vG }G G} } Gx
GG} x J }x GHG xGM GH U vG
}G G U U vG } }G G J
( G, GSS : 4, S. 51, GH}x, . 1, S. 52)
G U v U ?
x G U GUG H G H 2 vG
SH} }G
160
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
U U vG GUH
GU} :
U U H GG
G U H 4 GUG H G GUG
U }G G ( }G) (2
vG) U G G U G ( |) vG
G GU J (GU -G, . 8, . 148 }HwGGS) GS
G S H vG S xG }vU
U UG J
v }xG U vG G ?
}xG U }G U vG xGM zG
vG G J vG }GU} G U
G }-SH H } U } G}H
GU U vG U }GGU }xG U vG U} G U} U
GU} ,
18 } J GU-GU U}
G ( H ) U }xG }
} H ( ) }SG 2 vG G
U G }vM G xG GG GU }G xG
G U, U x x }vM G} J ( G, GSS
: 3, S. 21) } GU H GG, }} H }H
}} G} G G
GU} : (
}xG) U vG }SG U U wG G
SH} }G
161
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
, U U (G G U GH)
| }U }vM J
(GU -G, . 5, . 153)
G U GUG U v Gv} ?
G GU U GUG , x
U GUG U | H x zGH x, G
U GHUG x J (LH S, }wG , . 2, S. 598)
}G U GU
U GU U
S }G} U GM }G-HG GU}
} U G} }H} U U } 9 H G U
H 12 H } U H HxG U UH J
GU H } G Hx U U }g U
( }G} }G}) }G G , U
}G G U G}} GUG U GU J G G
G Hx H J U HxG U G} U
GU }} G} U G Hx H J GU }G U
U --GU GU~G G U J U --GU GU~G U
}vG vG 2 UH 80 x} U} x U
U GU} U U 6 }G GUG U ~
SH} }G
162
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
J }-SH 2 UH 80 x} U} x U GU} 12 L
U U }G U 72 L 30 U 2160 L
12 } U vG 25920 L J U }
50 H U }G GU GU U U H
1296000 L G U x J G U GU} G
U U SGG (GGU) , U H G-H} U}
-G GH GU} J }-H 30
U }} }G U GU U 2160 L U GUGU
GUGU U }U U , 30 U }G U GU
x J GUGU GUGU GU} S H U
U ( GGU } ) GUG U U U
GUGU GUGU U 30 U }G U GU U
GUG } U U }HU J GG H U U
}G U GU x J 30 U GU} U
GG GH U G } U H }H
J x HGUG 50 H U GU U GU} } U
H U U } U} x J G GU~G U GU} U
G | x U } | Hx x J GG G U
GU | GU G U --GU GU~G }G U GU
U U G U | GGU GU U
U J xG } | GU U GH U U J x
SH} }G
163
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
-S }G} U H G}H U } U
GS } x, GG } H |
GUG U
G x -S | S U }SGGU x J
G SH} }S xG } U GU U U SG
U } U } H U } }G} U }} }G U
GU U U xGH GU} J (zGSH U H
: GU -G, . 8, .167)
}G} U GU U U }SH
G U G GG x }H} GU
}H} } 3 , 9 U }G }SS
U ( S U G} U S H U GU U } S
GG U S} U UH GU x U
GS S GU U J) }x G}H }g
G}H U } } GG U SS U J (U S }g
} GG S H GG U U} U) G U G
GU x }H} G}H U
}SS U ( U} U ) }H} U U
GU H GUH (U} U}) } G U vG
(}vG }UG ) J }}U U U } U GU U
J ( x US U }g U} U)
(}wGG G GU -G, . 8, . 154)
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
164
GUG }G U GGU
: wGS } M U G |H x
100 UG U GH
SH} ! }G U GU U GH }
GGU H J GH -G U G GU G
GUvG G-GU U } U } } J }GUSS
GU}H }} GG }zG G} G
LH GGU SGUG 728 GU} : GG
U } U G} }
U G }G}
U G} G-G}
} G GG
GU} U
100
} LS U UG }Lx GG
H
100 H U G } U Gv}
GU} J GU U } :
--}- UGH } :
GU} U } U G H U
} GU} G J
GH}x } GH U U }SGUH U
} UH GH GH}x UH GH
} : GH U U GGU } } U
GH GU U H U }vM GH
H U U } G} GHH U
GH U H J GUS} U GH U G U
HH H
U GU} :
SH} }G
165
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
U U U ?
GH U G U HH }H-GG GU}
GG GH G
, GG - GG -
} U GUH x J GG -
GU} U } x GU }H }
U U GG Ux J H
GG
H
U GG } GHHH
U G} } | U } G U J
GG -
GG U : (
)
} GU} U v GH x GG }
GHHH
G GH U (GG)
(
) U Gv} U (GG)
(
) U U J vG G U U
U G J (xG}G G H G H G, . 3, .295)
SH} }G
166
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
x U x U GGU
}}H }} GG - G gGU
U 2 U G, G,
}G G}
U G} } x U x
GG U x, U GG U : x GG -
-GU J GU}
U H -GU } H J
(GG }SH}, . 541, G : 1075)
GU U -G GH
G U GU G U GG -
U -GU U GGU U G
GU }H x U x x U GGU } -GU
}x U GUG U H U x H }
U x S U Gv} H x -GU
J U }SGGU wG GU GUG } H H
U U | } U GGU U }S xG
U H U U U }GU }SGGU wG U U
GU , GG x J GU-GU U}
GU U -G GH U U GGU
GU} : GU U GU} } U G vGU }S
U } } GU U U U }HU GUGU ( GUGU
U }HU U) x, x } } G U
SH} }G
167
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
: wGS } M U G |H x
GUG }G U GGU
SH} ! ! UGU GU U }
}S } | GH -G U GG GU S}H U U
J vU GU GUUG U GGU } , GUGU GUG U
H }HU U, U J GH -G U
--U H U GU | x GUGU |
}S } U U GGU x J GH U vG }}U
G zG U } GU} U U U
}H }-H GH U H GUGU -G U 12 H M
GU , GUG U U | SH} | U GGU
| GUG } H U U U }HU , |
U U }HU , G H
}S U} U H GH U U H
| U H M -GU U U
}Hx J GG
, H, , U G,
GU} :
G}, }G H GGG
100
x } -GU xG U }Hx
H U H U } U U} x J
(G xG, . 7, . 135, GU} : 3568)
SH} }G
168
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
GUGU U GU
GUGU U (HGU) U U U }x
U U () U GU
}x U G SH ( GM Gx) }
}SxGGU ( ) J }-H U }U, G U
}, U ( UH, SU U) Ux U
G, U UG, G} U H H, xGH}, G} xGH
H U H SH} U U GM G
(}) GG x } (}vGMG) (GUG)
UH U GU GUGU x U
(gH }G, . 3, . 333 xG)
U v U J
}SU U GU
}SU U U U U
U H U }G U Hx H U
H GHH J GUGU U ( U U} G
U} U U U H U H } ) xG
GM } H G} J (GH}x, . 1, . 187,188)
SH} ! }H} |U U} GU
U H GM } G |U }x
xx U GH G U U
G J
SH} }G
169
GUG }G U GGU
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
GG GG U GU UzGGU
SH} ! ! }G G U GH }
U GGU S S GU UzGGU SU }-SH
1 GU 2 GU~G (} xG U GU~G | U
U ) 3 GU 4 GUS} U UzGGU 5 S
H U Gx } U
6 GUH GUS U GUG U 7
} } U 8 G} U G G
U S x 9 GUG U G U
10 G G} U G} U UzGGU }-SH }, S-GU
x U J U GH | }
GU UzGGU SU J
GU U x U S
10,
S. 540,541)
(zGSH }H} U H GU -G }G 10
} SGUG 523 549 } SH, GUSLH GU} H
GU-SSH SS} G }GUSS GU}H }}
GG }zG G} G
U SGU H GGU
S SGUG U G H)
SH} }G
170
G U H U
GUH U
M GU U GUGH
H U U SG
GG S
S } , GG
U, SG HHU, SG zGHU
GU}
U H GH GU} : } US H S }
U, S } HG U H } G
U GG } GU } } S S G GUG }G
GUH U GG GU SH U U U
SH} }G
171
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
: S U S } GRU S }
G U H U
} S }G H x } S SH U S
GM x }x S GM x J
SHHH
} }G G GUH G U
SHHH U U GUH U GUH S
zGGH U SGG }SH} GU } : SH }HxG,
GU} :
G}HH G-H}
GUGZ U zGGH }G U }GG J
(SGG }SH}, S. 591, GS : 1163)
} }G G U S
H --U GH 21 S-SS }
16 17 } GU} :
--} UGH } : U
U wG x S
( ) U U
}} U } S
U G U US U
}H} U U U H
SH U U} U J
SH} }G
172
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
SHHH U U GUS} U G U
} S U GUH G, S S GUH U G
J U} S U} U 2 vG GG
vGS
S U S J ( G,
GSS : 4, S. 26,27) S } GU U wG U G,
U GU }} G H
| SU U vG } S GUG U 3
3 S-H wGHS G H U S GG vG }
GU U} Gy} U U S }Hx, S U ,
GH S GUG U U S | S G SU J
(}HwGGS G GU -G }G, . 7, S. 447)
xG U H U GH HG
}LH }} GG S GHH }G
S U SH }HxG,
U GU} H
G}HH G-H},
: } S HG U S
S J U U GG U :
! US U H ?
SHH
GU} : S U H }
xzG-x U, H, }- G , U
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
U H
173
G U H U
: } M U U US U U
U H }G G Hx S J
GS : 3892)
xG U GMGU U S S
U U 8 GU
(1) S }G G
GG S GH GGG
U S U H S S U U
U : } HU H
U GUS} ! } S
G } S }Hx U S }G G J
(GH GH}, . 1 S. 467) H H GGG
U
SH} }G
174
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
G U H U
G} U SGU } }xGGU J
H GU S }S} G
U x } U
(2) U }v U || U S G !
} SG GG S GH }SG
Hx U S U U GU} (
G) GU} U S SG U U }v U S
|| S J (GH GH}, . 1, S. 467) H
H GGG
U G} U SGU
} }xGGU J
}G } x} H
} H
(3) } US }x !
GG S SH }
S
}G G J S-G U vG H
U
x } GG U : H !
} S }
}x SU HU G} S } } S GG
GU} J (GH GH}, . 1, S. 467) H H GG G
SH} }G
175
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
U G} U SGU } }xGGU J
GGU }
} U H
(4)) } x GG S !
GG S G G}
U
S GG U : ! v U Hx
S S ? GU} : ! }
x GG S U U J
(-GH }, . 1, S. 543, GU} : 984) H H GGG
U G} U SGU } }xGUG J
x G } HU x
! } } } Hx !
(5)) G U H x U G G
GG S SzG SH}
U
H }G } G G U S S x J
S GU US S G U U U
HGGUGG
S U U UH GU}
SH} }G
176
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
| G } U GGU U SU ( U S
G } GGU U U H vG U x ) J S
}U U S
U }S}
U x x<}
U U S
U }S} U} U } GU} U x}
vHGU U S S SU (v U A.C. U H U
| !) J S U GH } U GUH
! } }HGU
J G U U : H
U S U | } }HGU U S GU} J (GUSSH }GU G GH GH}g, . 13, S. 247, 248) H
U G} U SGU
H GGG
} }xGGU J
GzG U S U H G
x U} U } x !
(6)) H G
GG S GS
GU} U }
GH G U S x J US G
U U US S }G
G U G SU , HG U }G G
J } SH} U U H
U GzG U} U
SH} }G
177
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
GU U U }G-}H S J
S U U G } GU} : } zGS U GH }
}H} S } H U GwG} U x
UG UG x , G U GUS} ! } U U !
} U } U GUH
H
GRU J GU} U }G } }xGH x J
(GH GH}, . 5, S. 52, }HwGSG ) H H G
G G
U G} U SGU } }xGGU J
S } U GGU
U ! } } } U
(7)) } U } |U H G
GG S- }GG G
G
SG U vG GU} : () S } } }
J U } U U U U :
() S } } } J U SG U
}G G J (G, S. 151) H H GGG
U G} U SGU } }xGGU J
} H U UH } U
U} { GU U
SH} }G
178
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
(8)) x G U H G
GG S GUS}
U U GG S G}G
}GSS }
,
U G | } J
U U }G G J
S-G U vG H G S U Hx : }
G U H GUGUH U }SGU ! v S S x ?
v U SGU Ux ? Hx S x
U S U G Hx U S G }x U, U
S GU U G U G S S
U G U J U SG
H G S U : Hx SG U vG H U
S} J (U GU}HH }G }SG }} g,
. 1, S. 261, U} : 72) H H GGG
U
G} U SGU } }xGGU J
} xGS U SH S GUH
G } S }- } H
SH} }G
179
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
}G GU
GU} }SGGU
: 1 }GG GU
}G U U GRUH U U U zG
H x U 2 vG G S G G} U S
}Hx J (S-}G, . 2, S. 100, GS : 586) 2 wGS
}G GU S GUx U }SH } (
}G G ) G U GU U zGH G H SGU G
H S U x wG x x S} U x S
(S- , . 2, S. 41, GS : 1287)
| G J
GS U U S GSS }SH } U
GG U GG S }H GH GU
GU} : }S } S GH } U GRU xG
GURU U G} S S H U GGU }
}xGH G SUG G H U } GU} :
GU GU U } G |H U S U xzG -x
U v U S S } J
(}GU, . 3, S. 396, GH GS : 1317)
}G GU U vG : S GHG U U} G U} S
S } S H U GG U U }G GU U
vG J
SH} }G
180
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
}G U GUGH
GG S
S U
GG U, SG HHU, SG zGHU
GU} : U 2 vG S U S
U x }G GUG U x S} x U J
}G U vG : S U vG zG H S
GH SGU -G U U
G G J ( G, GSS : 4, S. 25) }G GU U GU
| }G G SU J
SHSG
S }G U S , G GSH,
U GS }H, GUG }HH, SG H, SH
}SH, } U HH
GG S GS
S GU} U } !
x SU SHSG GG U G x
GG SU }G U U G H |
SU } } U | SU SH
} U | SU G} } U J
(S- , . 2, S. 44, 45, GS : 1297)
SH} }G
181
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
SHSG G U GGU
S }G U U U v G} U
S G U 15 } SG G :
U
S GUG U S G U LUG S
H S10 SG G U LUG U LUG }
3 } G U U S10 } SG
G U LUG S S
G U U G G S10 } SG G U S }
G U U S10 }
3 }
SG G U S S S 2 S U }
U S10 } SG G U S2 S }
3 } G U S U SG S10
} G S GG 4 vG G GH U G
U GH } S GUG S H 15 } GU S
x SG S10 S10 G vG } 75 }
SG G x 4 vG } SG U x
S300 } x J ( G, GSS : 4, S. 32) S xH
x U SU H } } U xH U J
(G, S. 33)
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
182
G U H U
: S U S } GRU S }
SG
GG S GH
S
U SH U}, }SS}
}
U }} } } SG H} GU} S GU U S
H} GU} , GU} : U US } U GUS U
2 vG zGH G U U :
SH} }G
183
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
H
} G} U S S G GH U (U)
GU U GG S GH GU U (U) S
GUGH GG} }x (}x) v U GU }
GU () S U }
() }} U wG H
( ) x G} } } (S U } GUS
() ) } } } Gx } } U }
G } } H S U } H }GUg U
} H S U U S } } SG --U U J
H ( ) x G} } U} } H }
} } Gx } } U G } S U
} S } U S S U U } H
}GUg U U S S } G U J (SGGH G, . 1, S.
393,
} U , GU-GU GU} U
}G U U :
J
(xG, S. 431)
}SH : G x U U} } zGS GUH U
H SG SU, vG ( vG }GU
U) U H U SU J (G)
}G SG } U S S G
}SG U S G U H G
M GU G H vG }
SH} }G
G U H U
: } M U U US U U
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
S 2 }
H }
184
G G }G G U } U
G J
(gH }G, . 2, S. 570)
U S SG U U U GS }
: S ! US U} U GUS U
S S } S SG U U G U H } v
(G)
xG U U S } J
G }G U}
S }GUH U
G }GU G U G GUH M S x wG }
SGU SG U} S SG
(G)
S S J
SG U vG S vG U U U GGU
( G, GSS : 4, S. 32)
} U J
( : 22, H GG : 36)
SHH U GUGH
GG S
S U
SH, , }wG SG, U
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
185
G U H U
: } | } M G U }
}G U GGU
}xG U 3 vG GUG G U 6 vG U
S G, 2 vG GU U S }
G, M } G G, H, S3
5 vG U } S, G S} (
GG S}H) | G J 6 vG U GU U
SH} U J H 2 vG S }vU
GU 4 GUH J ( U H)
U }G J (H G-GUH U}, S. 24, }HwGGS) 2 2
vG U U | G SU J G GSS 4 SGUG 15
16 : }xG vG }SG U SHH
U , wG U SH} S S G 2 S 3
S 3 SH} S 2 vG SH} U
zGGH J
( }wG, gH }G, . 2, S. 547)
GH G
G U G GU S H 2 vG }G
SH} }G
186
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
SHH S
G U }vG G U U H
U } ( G}) }G SHH S | S U
}} H GS Lg GH HwG} yGGU
H S } GG }H GH GU
G GH GGU }GgS H
GG xGS G}
S U G
GU} J S U U U }G }xG S
G U 2 vG }G zGH G U H
G} U vG } x x }
G SH}
U H
U G} S U (}-SH G} S
SH} }G
187
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
U S S-H GUG G H) U
x M SH} GG U x U :
} : H
U SH ! H
U ! }
GU U } } U, } G },
}} G U U H J U GGU U x GU}
H GU} U :
(} : S
U GU S 2 GGU ( } 2 U )
S Gx ! } GU U } } U } G
}, G U U H J) U GG vGS
U SH U H GH S G U H G
}x J (G- G U S } G GM )
GS , GG U| U
G} x x
SHH G
GG S GGGU
S U
GG U}, }SS}, }, SH }G},
SH} }G
188
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
GUG }}
U U } }
}G G J
(S- , GS : 1319, . 2, S. 52)
S U H 2 4 vG G J GS U } :
H vG } S GUG 3 -H US G
GU 3 vG } S GUG
U U G, S
4
S GU } vG G J ( G, GSS : 4, S. 34)
}G U}
GU} U : } }G G
} G J (G) GG S GH
G U
S U G G vG S
GU} : S U U G H
U GGGGU US } ( S) U GGU
GG G U U 2 vG }G G U H
U S
U
M | U G :
SH} }G
189
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
} : H
U S U } GH} U}
, U H
}HU G GG} U, G} H
U H }} U, } S G} U S }x
(}x) GH U (U) wG U GG
U S xG} x S SH} U, } H U x xG
}xGGU G xG} U U G G U
}GUGU S U S } S G } J
U }H x
GG S GS} GGU
S
U U SG
x SH } GG
U GG U : H
S G U U } GGU
J GU} : x G UM S
U H J GG U : GG ! G
GU} J Gv} GU} U : G U G
U vG }G G U G G :
1. GS U } S x }}G } (
H GG }} G} G G
U U , SHH (
) J }x }g G},
}G}} (
)
) U U H} J)
SH} }G
190
G U H U
: } M GU G H
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
} : H
! } S SH U
SSH U GGU }- }G}}
U GG S G} J SHH !
(
) } GG
U GG S
U GGU S G U } }- , U }
G J H ! U GUG } GGU } GUH GU} J
S GS} GGU
GU} :
G U GUS} ! } | , U U
} S , x U| { J (S- }, .
2,
S.
156,
GS :
1385,
S-}G, .
S.
336,
GS :
3589,
SH} ! G SS H U SGU
H U SHH U ,
S GS }U G U S GGU
SS U | G S G U x SHH U
GG G } GU } H }SGGU
S U v H} ? S } } U
SHH U Hx J
SHH U S } U
S Hx S U G
SH} }G
G U H U
191
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
x U }G
GG S }S G
S }
U G GSH, U GS }H, GUG }HH,
SG H, SH }SH, } U HH
U G U} ( }U G}) } U
} zG } x Hx,
}S }
GU H GH GU} LUG S U S
}G G U } U| S U GU} U
H
US U } G U S
G GU}, U S U , HG
} S U GRU U G SxGGU U GGU
U J (SGGH G , . 1, S. 363, GS : 1059) S x
U }G S }vU x U }G }SG J
( }wG, . 3, S. 80)
x U }G G U GGU
}G GUH U GG vG G
vG } U LUG S U S } G , GU},
H G S GU, }G U G U U
SH} }G
192
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
U zG H vG S G | G SU
wG , vG SH} U J
( G, GSS : 4, S. 136)
S vG x Hx U S vG }G G }}G
}G G, U G } }xGH S GH }
G Gy} U }xG U }G G J
G { } SwG U }
GGUU Hx US S } S US
H G S} SG H x US
GG xG UH GGH } U
GGU U U } S U H
vG }G }SG J
}G
GG S RU SgGU
S
U G G U, SG HHU, SG zGHU
GU} : U x U U G U U }G G
U SxGGU U, H GH S U x wG x J U
G :
SH} }G
193
G U H U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
--} UGH } :
U U G
G} U H ( ) U
U U x U }GGU
x U wG S H
( ) U ? U
U G J
(S-}G, . 1, S. 415, GS : 406)
G U 2 zGH U S
GG S GH GS
S
, GU} : G U 2 vG Gx
vG } S GUG U 15
Gx
H GH S U H } 2 S }GH } Ux
S H x J
(zGS }S, . 8, S. 681)
S GS U } 2 GU} }SGGU
GS S H 4 vG G, H GH S U
U x G} GU} x J (H }}H U HG-,
. 23, S. 281, GS : 611) 2 GS S H 4 vG
1
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J
194
S U G G U
: S } U M U G H
G, S x x J
(H }}H SG HG-, . 2, S. 77, GS : 2580)
G U G zGH U | v U
G U 4 vG G }SG U GS
U } GU} : S G S H }
}G-GUG U H GH S x G} GU}
x J (S-S, S. 310, GS : 1813) GH} S GG G
GU} : S S x } GH x
S U x } x S (GGUGUH G
U GGU -HGU U) }G-H H GH S U
GUGU U G U x }yGH U S U} U UG GU x
SG J (GGGG Hg, . 1, S. 284)
GH} }
GU} : S U H
U SG S U G} x GG } x J
(gH }G, . 2, S. 547)
SH} !
G U S vG
}G G H G } }G vG zGH G U
GU U S S 12 vG U } U Hx
! SGU} U S zGH G U GU} H J
SH} }G
U S |H x J
GU} }SGGU
195
S U G G U
: S U S } GRU S }
(G-GU)
S U GGU
M GU U GUGH
SU }, } U , G x,
GUG GG }, G} }wG
U
: } }HS U } M U G
U S U v U } } M U G GG
GU} } H x J
(H }GSSx HSSG, S. 280, GS : 4580)
GG } wGGUGU x
GG S GS
S } U
SU 2 GH}, }SS}, }, SH }G}
2 GU U S S xG ( xG U G
) GU} : 2 GU H GG US
G G } (S S ) GG
U U U S S xGH
G U U J U
U
SH} }G
196
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
G }x S { { U U GU
U U GSS xG GU} : U GGU
U 2 U GG } wGGUGU x J
(S-S,
S. 13, GS : 31, SGGH , . 1, S. 95, GS : 216)
S U GGU
S G } G x
S H S}H G H S U --U S
S~ SU J GS U } : U Hx
U S~ U } U G U S}H
U H J1 S Hx U x U H G
S H ( ) U GRU U x
S G x U S U SUx J (}, . 1, S.
268) 2 S G } GH S H S}H G
H U U G G H J (H
1
G M GU)
H U } S MG,
H ! } U ( })
S }x (}x) J2
1. (S-}G, . 2 S. 113, GS : 606) 2. (UgG HG-, GS : 357, S. 132)
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
197
S U G G U
: wGS } M U G |H x
U H GU} S G } U GH
S ^ xG GG H H U S U
U xG S } x U U 5 x S
S G } GH }}G 6 U
GUG G U H } 2 } S U |
GUH U GGU x |H U GUH U GGU }
U U x GU GGUH U GGGGU S S GGGG
LGG H U U} G U} 45 x S S }
}} U GU S U H }xGGU wG GU}
7 vS SH} U G U H
GUH U S} U GH , HG U
U S GG U S U } GUH U J
x US S U xx x 8 U GUG
G U H U GU UG S
G S G H 9 U 2 G U U
U ( ) G U U S GG G
U } H S S 10 US
}SH xG U U }GM} U GS 11 S vG U
12 SH} 13 G U G S 14 x
G U G S
U, H } U H 15
U 16 }x U GGU 17 S S
U S UH 18 wGG } wGG U
3
4
SH} }G
198
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
S G } U S U 19-25
} U, U SGU U, H GM U,
{ { , U , S} U GGU x U,
U } U S S U J 26 GUG G S GUx
U H U }GU} { U G U }GU}
27 G U H S S U U }SG GGU
U G U U S{ S S S
H U H S S U }GU} U {,
H U G S{ S S U }vM
{ } }-HxG U SS U U
H U U GG S U }GU} {H S
GG U v U S GU x G GG
U }-HxG U 28 G GSH U |
U x HU } S xG S | { H J (
G, GSS : 2, S. 131,132, gH }G, . 1, S. 615 xG})
29 S G S UH H S{ GU}
UH UH U (H G M GU
U S) G G :
H GH U RU S
} S vHGU G U U
} GGU (G) wG J
SH} }G
199
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
U S } G | }H H S GG
GS G}H x :
} : } H
S
}xGGU U SH U (U) J
(S-}G, . 1, S. 87, GS : 7)
G}G} S S U US ?
G}G} GU S S U }vM H H
GG J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 135) 2 G U
GU S G U GHGU H J (G) 3 G
U S G U SU , G Hx S U UU
SGU } GH J
(G)
1
S G U LGG LS
x G wGS U U S G U LGG
xGHG vG GUH U GGU }
S U LS U U GU U U J }x G }
U }}H S U UGU J W.C. S GG U
vG } GUH S 45 x U J S S }
U GUH S 90 x LGG J }G U
2 SH} GU } S GGGGU } U 2 S} }
S US U W.C. U LG J
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
200
S U G G U
: S U S } GRU S }
S U GU} { H
S S U vG G}} U wG U GGU
HG GG S } U GUxG GU}
U GSS { U U U H }x GH U {
U UGG x G G J
H } U
G} H GU, 2 U , GUG GG G,
}vU }- }SGUG , }G U
U GU}
zGGU : } } S U wGS SG } U J
(S-S, S. 14, GS : 34)
SH} }G
201
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
UH U U U J Hx S SG S
G S :
} : } GUH GG U S S G
(
) U U } (S) }
U H S x J (}, . 1, S. 267, }GU, . 2, S.
H H GGG
U G} U SGU } }xGUG J
72, GH}G, . 1, S. 220)
G}}} } U
SU } }, S }vU }U}
GU} : U xGSH G } U,
U S } G U U vS SS S S J
(S- , . 1, S. 44, GS : 27) }GUSS GU}H
}} GG }zG G} G
S GS U
U G GU} : x xGSH G U G} wG , S
} G U H | U } G
x U U, HU x G} U ,
UH U S | U SwGG U G}
S x, xGS H G } x S} Gx J
S S } S H U }}--G GU} x,
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
202
S U G G U
: } M U U US U U
S S SS } U } S U
x G U SS x J
(}, . 1, S. 266)
S U H U GU}
1 x S S UH H S S U
S , x SGU S G U H | GG
, }x }SG U H H U S G U J
GU -G }G 4 SGUG 598 : SH :
G UHG ( H) H SGU S S
U ? : 2 U }G U zGGH S U GGU }
UHG ( H) S UGG 2 x S ,
G U S U S, }-SH wG, , xG
UH, S x G S S Hx | H S SGU
U H S G x, U S }GG ( x) S
}x { H }SG 3 H U U
}G ( }GU ) S , U S SGU
, x U S SGU x S x x
3 H H SGU S , H
}SG U GGU (}-SH U, , ) U} S
U} 3 x U 2 S SGU x U x
U, x S SGU U H, U GGU
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
203
S U G G U
: } | } M G U }
J 4 H S G S vG x U S S }wG
( G U x) U S S U x U }1 S
G H x } S G S {
GUG , }x H H | S x 5 UU, y, U
UG, (U UGG G U GU} U
U S (COTTON) U G U H) S H U
Gv} } , S | SGU U H H U G 6 a
x vU U
UH U S S G S S U U GU}
, x U { S S, G S S U }vM
J 7 UxGG S S }G , x S U H ,
H S UGU U } H 8 (
S{) S S U }vM , x US U
U x, S (S{) S G 9 S H
S U S U H S U} } H }vM ,
}x S U S U SGU S S U SU J 10
G U H GGU U H H x S U H ,
S S x U GGU, S3 x S U
11 U H (S{) U} }
H U, ( U) GGU H , S GG U S
1. U } U }vG S U } }H-GG GU} J
SH} }G
204
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
LG } S Hx , }SG J ( G, GSS : 2
S. 132,134, GH}x, . 1, S. 48, 50) 12 H U
S}H U G-H} G v U S }vGS U
H x H } U} J H
}^ U H J
}^ U H SS GGUGU
U GUG GU U }G GU }^ } (AMMONIUM
CHLORIDE) G U H G } J
GUGH S} S HG , S U S} S
Hx vGS J S U G U U
S } GG GG U } U J v
HU H : S U }^ U H SS U
G G } H J }^ U }} G S} U
GUH HG }^ U H U S}H S U x
} S} U G} U S U S}H
U x U US (CANCER OF PENIS) S J
I UGU v U UGU
SH} }G
205
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
J S U HU S GU } }H-GG GU} :
G GH U U S GUS U : }
}GU } , } G x, U H U xG }SH}
I v U S , S : v }S} ? }
U : }S} US J S U U
Hx : x } US } U GGU G }
U G US
S }G S ! } S : U S
GGU ? H : x GUG G U H SH} GGU
SS (APPENDICITIS), }
GUG, S xZ U }G x !
zGG G U H U GGU
SH} ! GU | x U
U} GGU U S S ! GG S SGU
}HU
GU} : } SH, }G
H GGG, S G} GU
Gv}
U } zGG G U vG () G
G J (}}GGG, . 1, S. 488, GS : 1020)
SH} }G
206
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U
S } GRU } M U G J
G H U Gv}
zGG G U vG vG U (S{) G
SH GH (NORMAL) U
G S G U GGU
S } GU GH S U } GG H S
GUxG GG SGU
SGU x S } S GzGGU GSH x J
US } U}
zGSS ! UH S U H U} (COMMODE)
G} S US U GG U S x
GG H, vG U U U S
G | SU } G
G S H GUxG U U UG GH }
GU S S } U }-Gg }G
U J U} U S}H S S
, G U U GUG x U | GG J
U x U US
US } U} } S S U
SH} }G
207
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
UG U U U } J G S
U H H G U S}H J U GS GUH
} U GSS U }HU }G H GSS U
x U US G S UH U G wG } G ,
GGUGU S U U
}G U 2 S S} (1) H U
S}H U (2) U S}H U J
H S H }G
H } G S U}UH S}H
(}G) U H vGS J S U S}H
S }G S U xG} }G U x
H J v U S U U : H G
U S}H U H }G U SvGH U U
(1) U x U US (2) |x (U UG }vGG U
S S U x vHGU
) (3) GUv (SKIN INFECTION) (4) UU U }G
(VIRAL DISEASES)
H xZ U }G
G U U U H S SGU
HG S} UH S U U
GG GG U } U S J GSS G U
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
208
S U G G U
: } M GU G H
x U GG xZ } GH S U S S GU
xZ S MG J H U S}H
U x S S U H S U vGS
U J
US } U} w.c. U S}H G G
J SH U HGG S U} U }GUH } w.c.
U U U S S U }GGU SU J HU
UH w.c. Hx } U U
SU J x GU} U x GU U
S } S GM U SU J
U S } G} zGG G U | J S U GS
SH } : } } S U U U H
} x J (H }GSSx HSSG, S. 37, GS : 507) S U
GU U SH} U HH H (louval poul) U
: S U GU }^ GU | }^ S Hx }
}^ U G} GUG G U U SwG G}
( w.c., U} xG) U S}H MG U S vG
S }Z } S (}) U}G U }G }
GGU x ! SwG G} G U U -S }S
U xG (PROSTATE GLANDS) | G , GUGH
SH} }G
209
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
} G} x S U S} G
GU G U SwG G} U G U
S H G S} -S S S} G}H
GG GG U }G U GS J
GU
GU H
} U SG, G} G-H}
U G-G} GU U GUG G U
GU H U U J (S- ,
. 1, S. 35, GS : 2) wG U
x H } GU H
US U x G SU J (}, . 1, S. 262) GU
U GUH } U
SU }
} |H J U U x GU
S} U
U H U
zGG } U} x, G U U | U {
H UGU zGH U S v U
U H }}H J
GUG G S GUH H U GU
UH H GSS } U} U
H GH , U S} U } U GG
UH H }G U GG J U U}S U } U
SH} }G
210
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
U : S } SG, U US
U GUH Hx S }G U wG G Hx
J GUG G U H S H U U U GUG,
xS, G x U } G x J H S U
G--U } G J S U S G SH wG
, UH xG H ( }) H GH } GH
U S S GU GUxG | G S !
H GH U 47
GU} }SGGU
S U G}H S J
: }S} U
1 S U 2 } S 3
UH } S{ S H U U S UMx
4-5 2 GH S GUH UH U }S
G Gx 6 SGU { U S } U : G
} GSH U U H Hx 7 GUxG U GU
SGU S U S x 8 GS U
SH} }G
211
S U G G U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
S H U U S UMx 11-12 S~ H
U S } SvGH GUH ( GUH U GGU } U)
S GUH ( GUH U GGU U) S x J
13-14 G} S GU U GUGU GS GM S~ Hx J
S GG GUxG U 15 S GUH S~ Hx
16 U G x S U GGU x 17 U
S x 18 G S S U x 19 GM
U Hx 20-21 H GM }x U
S x 22-26 S H UG U S
GU U U U GGU ( S H GSS
G} U GGU) x, U S{ GGU x , }SG } }SH , , S H S}H UMx 27 S G U
vG | SGU }x U Hxx 28 -G }SH xG
UMx (U GS }GM} ) 29 S~ H U S }
UMx 30-31 xG } Ux
S } U SUx 32-33 x GU G}}} } G U
G H GS G}H U 2 {x
G 34 U UH S U x ( U U
x GU U H U
SH} }G
212
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
S} U zGG } U} x, G S U U |
U { H UGU zGH U S
v U U H }}H J) 35 S S U
U U wG H GSS GG U S { Hx (v U
S }GUG G}} wG U GGU x U )
GUxG U UHx 37 x S U
H H GH U G UMx 38 }S} U
S U H GUxG G UMx J
36
G} S G } | U
39-41 x H H} S U S
SH} }G
213
G G G U S U
GU SGGGU
GG
L U G GU U GUG H J
U US |U UzGGU S SH U,
}GGU GG }H GH
U S |
U S} GU GU} J S GG U S SH G
U J
S10 M GU G U
S U H } U GU} : }n U H
Hx | U S} U H J (UzGGU
S U GH UU } S v !) }x SH
U S} U }n H S U S
| ! U} U U UGU }S}
x J (GH GUH, S. 72) H GH GU} :
--} UGH } : }
S GG U Gv} } GU} :
U , G S Hx
GG U , S GU U,
U U H, U U
U S S }
H ( ) Gv} J
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
214
G G G U S U
: wGS } M U G |H x
GG US U ?
HxG G U x U }GU} S wG G U G
UH } U S S
S GG U J ( GG ,GSS : 2, S. 93) GG U H
}, }, } S , }, } , } S ,
U MONTHLY COURSE (}H US) xG
GUG | H J
SH} }G
215
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
SGG US U ?
wG } U S , S U SGG U
J (G) }}H }} GG S- }} S-H}
S U SH U}, }SS},
}
U G }U } U G U
xH }GU} S wG J S U H }}H }}
GG S- }} S-H}
GG U}
S GU J GU} : S } S
H } } GG , U x }
U U } } U }vG }G G
xGSH U }x UG { U }G G J
(}G }} }HU, . 1, S. 77, 78, GS : 140)
GG U x
GG U 6 x : 1 S 2 SG 3 SG
4 G 5 xH 6 }H J SGU x U LyG GG
J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 95) U G U xH
}GU} S GHS LyG }G wG UH S S G
x UG } Hx UG U J (G, S. 26)
: G}H H G U wG SGG J
( }wG, . 1, S. 524)
SH} }G
216
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
GG U Gv}
HxG G U } GUG- GM S U G
wG U G}H U GH } wG U xGG }
U} U { U G} } wG {
x S G}H { H U G} } S U
U G}H wGx (
{ H) } wG S G} } G}H
{ H wG x S UH GUS} US}
U } J
( GG, GSS : 2, S. 93)
GG U }g
GG U U} S U} }g 3 3
72 J x U } | U} GG U
SGG } U wG G S G }g
S10 S10 240 J
US }H} U SGG
x S10 S10 S G wG
x GG H } S10 U GG }
x J S U wG SGG ,
x H G U GG U S U G S10
S U} G S G wG SGG
SH} }G
217
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
, }SH U G US G U } } GG
GG
U G U } S10 S10
U } x H x 12 wG G H
GG U } x S SGG U x
U G }UG U US } 4 US }
S7 GG H } GG U
| GG U } x, GU SGG U wG x J
GG U U} G U} G}
U} S U} 9 S U } S GG MG x J GG
U G} 55 SH J S G} H U S
( GG H S }} H) U J ( GG,
GSS : 2, S. 94) S U G} S H wG x GG
U SGG 55 S U G} U wG
x | SGG J HU x US U 55 S U
G} U | GHS wG UH S x U S U
GG U G} } U GG } H x J
2 GG U } U} G U} GUSH
2 GG U } U} S U} 15 U GUSH
GM J ( }wG, . 1, S. 524) SH} U U
U }g GG H H U G
}G GS GGU S G}H U SU, }g GG
214
SH} }G
218
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M GU G S GU U J
U S } S x J
} }SH
GM U }g } vG wG
GG U x G G vG | , | GG J
( }wG, . 1, S. 523)
GU U
U G U x U }GU} wG
GU UH J
(GH}x . 1 . 37)
GUS U GM GG
vS SH} } } U U
SH} 40 U HG} G U
UH xGHG J U} ! GUS U GM
GG G H :
GUS U G S G }g 40 x
40 U | }G J HG 40
xGSH U H 40 S H wG U
H U U } } S vG
| xGSH U H }G G MG x J
SH} }G
219
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
x 40 U wG x MG
H S Gy} wG U S GUS U } x J
}-SH H U 2 } U wG U x
xGSH U U }G G xG U , 40 }
GUGU 2 } GU U U wG x S H
}U}}H 40 GUS U x J | }G G
G S U x, U U x S GUG
}G G GUG U | U S U J
US G U 40 S G GUS U wG
, x H 40 GUS ,
GU } 40 S G SGG U
J x S S H | }x
U U wG S S } | }SH
x 40 GUS U GU SGG U
x H U wG U }-SH
H 30 wG S
S } 30 GUS U GU SGG U }-SH
U 30 wG S U
50 wG 30 GUS U x GU
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
20
SGG U J
220
G G G U S U
: } M U U US U U
G}H SGUG x S U U GG U S
, xH, wG GUS (GH}x, . 1, S.
37) x 3 U S S H 15
U U G} xG U GG 3
S H x, | 15 G U
xG SGG J
( GG, GSS : 2, S. 99)
xGHG GU} U GH
U S H U GUS S U U
G G UH S G G U G G S
UH G J S U S H S U } U
G , G SH} G U U Hx U
U U
U GG S U S}
S S} S GG HG} J S GG }SH |
} G U G (GUS H) xGSH U HS
H U S xGSH U xGSH x J SGG }SH
U GM U }GGU S}H U J
SH} }G
221
G G G U S U
: } | } M G U }
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
SGG U GU}
SGG } }G }GGU G, S G S
SG G} J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 39)
2 }SGG ( SGG H) U U GU } GH
, GGU U, G U U GU GU U Hx
S U H U }} } | G J
1
3 SGG x S G U x U ( wG U
S) S U }H }H U G U U GUG }G
U SU }G U U vG MG S G U S
GH } xG S U }G U x, U G S S vG
} }G G, wG S S U G x J
( GG, GSS : 2, S. 107)
4 x UG xG U U wG U SU U
G U U GUG G H, GG S x J ( S S }
}G UHx)
GG GUS U 21 GU}
(G)
1 GG GUS U GH } }GG G G G}
SH} }G
222
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
SH} }G
223
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
SH} }G
224
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
U x x} xGH U GU SUx
U S GH } U S SH x J
GG GUS U GH } U S } S U
GHH S} UG G} S} U H SwG
xx S U GUG J x MG GG
GUS } S U H U 1 x GU Gy} U
U SGU ( {) G U }SG (G,
S. 104) G U S S ( }S
) J (GU -G, . 4, S. 364) U G U xGG S
} J S U }yGH xG U G U U
U }G } }H , x
G U
S U Sw xx } U GGU J }wG
} : S U }SGU GU U J v G |
S-GU U }SG ? G U G Gv}
( }wG, . 1, S. 543)
J
12 G U GH } x GG GUS MG x
G S U GUG , GUG GUG GUG
zGH GUG J
( GG, GSS : 2, S. 104)
11
GU -G . 4 S. 356 U S } U H S S
}wGG U U S } H SG S } (30.618 x}) S U GU}
J
(1)
SH} }G
225
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M U
G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
13 GG x S10 Gy} U S S
}G U G x U xGSH U HU
}SG U U SG U J (G, S. 105)
14 x S10 S U} } GG x vG U
xGSH U vG }G S } U xG SG
U G J
(G)
15 GG GUS U GH } S H | G}
S U S S S S J (G, S. 104)
16 U S vG G U SG U S U
GG U S S vG S GG U Gv} x
S GG } x J
( GG, GSS : 2, S. 104)
17 GG H SG U S U xg U GG
U S U } x J
(G)
18 U G U wG }G G H x
wG U S10 U}H S x G xGSH U
U }G G MG U S S } U H GG |
S10 x H GG S10 S U}
}-SH 6 U xGSH U U 4 U GUG
}G G x H GG U
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
226
G G G U S U
: } M GU G H
SH} }G
227
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
20 GUS } wG x U
G HG HS40 U | wG Hx MG
H S Gy} wG U S GUS U x x J
} wG U S GH x | GUS
} } x }-SH U H U 2 } U
wG U x J G G U x} U U xGSH
U }G, G xG U }x HS40
} | 2 } GU U U wG x S
GUS U x, }G U x, GUG G
xH GUG }G G U U J
(GU -G }G, . 4, S. 354)
21 GG H G U U U | G S
S H | G, S GG
}S1 U }SH U S U J (G, S. 355)
GG GUS U }-GHGU }- UH
GG GUS U GH } SH} S | SU
| U SU SH} U U } | G J
GU U U xH U U U U GSS
Hx G} J G US x SGU GU
1.
}S S, }S U }G }S J
SH} }G
228
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
H x U G H S UxGG U x
US | GSS U U U U G J
2 GU U GU S U } G
2 G} J
3 x GU GG}
G } G Hx }
G , L}H xG US S UGG S UG
G GU } U G , U U S, ^
(U) H S U U U U U S U } (U{)
S U S G} U S S U G S
H GU } U G J ( GG, GSS : 2, S. 48)
4 x GU U G U S U U H
S
RU U U U
G
U
S S-H GUG -H US S G
S G S U G
U H 3
S S } GU U U G
J 3 UH H HzGG UH S G SU
HzGG UH U S G SU x S U
S S } U GU }-G , U U
( GG, GSS : 2, S. 48)
wGH J
5 GRU GU, M SH}, GU G, G U
SH} }G
229
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
8 U }G U GUG H -}GH }U
SH} }G
230
G G G U S U
G } U H GH
M GU U GUGH
SH} ! U U GG }G Hx Hx
U US U H G U U}
US U H } U xG} H HG U } H
( S U U |) G}S U GH MG
U S GUH G S } U H GM J U
}- UH | GUH U H U H H U
U U G S GH U }S U
GG }G S GUGU J
SH} }G
231
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
} S GGUG U H......
G } S S
GzGGUG U H SH} G US S}H
U 1 GU 2 H SG 2 Sx 4 S
5 H U Sx 6 SS U Sx 7 UG }G xG
}G S| S U H, S SH S UH U UU
U 8 { 9 10 UH SGU
11 H 12 xG U J ( GG ()
(H ) U } S xG U
U S }H SU )
GG U G U vGS
GG H U , vHGU S S
U GUS} U }G } H J }-SH vU , S U
wG U G U }G S G, UG US xG J
GG U G wG
GG U G U S }G U S
U GH wG | x U , U U G
GU G}H -S U U }G GUG G U !
GH U S G J SH} SH} |
U S S | wG J G S vG
SH} }G
232
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
: wGS } M U G |H x
G G G U S U
21 (H G U M GU) G H U
S G}H U U S
wG } x J
US GG U 2 GH
G wG x vU
G S HS U S } U }} }H U }GU
2 x} { () { UH } wG U U
U { U U }} }H U
} x} H,
GU x J (}g 20 )
1
} U G U 3 GH
x S G} () SUG GG SGU
2 12 x} UH H, UH } wG
3 GSS H S } U xG H U
( U GUH U ) S
} U vHGU U} } LS x
3 U G S } SGU J
1
GG U 6 GH
1 x x} GU U GS GG U
SH} }G
233
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
H 2 25 x} xG 25 x} S UG U UH } ,
G U H U x} x} H J
GSH GU G SG } GH U 3
U S HS U U ( HS U U U, UH)
U U U xH H U H U
H J (}G GRU M U H } wG SGU U G
U Gy} ) 4 3 G , }xGG } 10 x},
H 10 x} U} GU x 20 x} GG
U } G x} { U S S}H U 5 }
GG S U zG GUH G { U S 25 x} SGU S}H
U 6 H, }S GU xGG } } LU
HG } } S G U J
GG U U GH
25 x} xG x U 15 x} 2 xHS
} H { xHS U H J
x GG S S U } } xG U
Hxx J
wG U 5 GMGU U S S
U 5 GH
}G U 2 } (H G U
SH} }G
234
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
M GU U S) GU U} } G }
3 G :
(1)
2 }G U (H G U M
G U ) G G-U | 3 } G H U :
( 2 )
U G GUH U S U S7 GSS U H J
3 } U G U U GSS G SG S S}H
U J }x GG U H 4 12 x} SGU 50 x}
xHGU G U x} { S 5 { UH U,
{ UH SGU, 250 x} }xGG }, { UH S J
SGU U U S U x} } }H G U H
U S U U } H J
U S}H : S } MG S S
} 2 S S x} SG } { U S S}H
U MG U J (}g GH U} G U} 92 )
3
(1)
} ! } G H } ! } wG } } U }} U
G GU} x J (2) --} UGH } : } } H, U
G H J
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
235
G G G U S U
: wGS } M U G |H x
G}H U UHGU U 6 GH
S } | x S U S S
G vU } GU 2 x G}H U |U
Hx 2 }} U U S } S xG
}} } U }H U SG } S}H U
S |U wG Hx 3 G}H G H U
U} { }} S S, { }} }
{ }} S }H U SG } H
} x 4 G}H G } SGU U G
S , x } | U xH
GUS} U } S
U} S U} S}H U J
GGUG x wG S x J S U
xH G S UH SU 5 GU,
}H, G}, xS S UH, xG}, U
G}H U x UHGU } } U { }} }
x} U S SG } S}H U }GU
6 3 x} S { 12 x} U U H
U { ( H U { ) U S G}H S}H
U GU } GUGU (U}, GU) J
1
SH} }G
236
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
GS GvGH} H U H
G}H x US GG H GS
J x G}H H
SGG } x
( U U } SG ) US S H GvGH}
J
} G}H U H G}H
G}H } G
x G}H } }yGH MG } G
xG 30 40 x} H U 100 x} } x} U,
xG H Sx UH UU 2
x} }H U H S
S S H x J
x } G x ......
S GUGU U 5 3 G J
(H G } M GU G) U MG }
G H J G U } U U H J
SH} }G
237
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
G G}H U J vG GU vG U
U J S U | } U U SU J
S{ x J G U H | G}H }GU J
SGU
3 3 x} G U U S U }H
H J S U }S }vG } H U { } }H
U S
SGU x x 2 6 x}
GHS U vU UH S S
x x J
1
U S GMGU U S S
GUG}
G}H U GGUG U 7 GH
( Hx U G H x U
H ) US UxGG 55 H U ( H U)
1
GS GM G U GG U U }}} HSU Ux
U U UGG xG }G } S U G}H xH }
G } { H J
G}H U | GUG G x
| H GU S SH} x J x 55 (H G
U M GU U S) G U } U U H
U } Hx
G
x U H } S | }GGUG x J x
SH} }G
238
G G G U S U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
G U G ( G GU U H) } U U U
S} } U S }H G }GU J
UG }UG x }G S x J S GG U
G G G U S} Z } }H U H |
U} (GUG S, H, S. 995) 2
(xG }x x U H ) US U (
UxGG) 11 H U { U G U H J
G}H U GGUG x J S G U {
U}
S U H | G}H }GU J
U H U G U G H U
H GG S wG 3
111 US
UxGG H U G}H U { H
U vG U { (GM U U H H } G )
G}H | }GGUG x | SGG }
x J (GUG S, H, S. 1296) 4 GGUG G}H U
H MG G}H S H U U { G U G U
S }S ( 30) G 5 G}H GG U GG U
S } G }G GU G}H G U
U xH U S10
G 6
S G
xH }
SH} }G
239
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
S U
}G U U G}H G
GG x 7 S G U G}H x S
U xGG S H U G U G SG GU
{ 21 } U UH G 2 U
U S xH H U J
}GU vG LS
U H x J
HU U GH
1 U 3 GU
GGUS U 2 GH
1 G
GU x J
U }GU} U H G
M GU S-H GUG U S } G
G U } U :
( H
} S }G GU} ) x S U G U } U U
x } U H (1) G U H (2) U J (}g :
GSH GU) 2
S G U xS }
vHGU GGUS US | x US GG U
GG U GGU , } U J (}g :
GSH GU)
1,2.
S S
SH} }G
GU SGGGU
U S H J
240
S U
wGG M U G H
UG U U U GGU
(}G S U )
H
M GU U GUGH
S U vGS}
S U GUS} : 1 S xGHG 2 S
GGUGU J
(GU GUG G, . 1, S. 10)
S xGHG
1 S U S S G UH U S S xSH
G S xGHG S G, ,
wG, , } | GU, GG GUS SGG U wG, },
SH} }G
241
S U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
G U GG U S U x S (}G), S
U x J x }S} G} U | x -G
GGU S GG U H S U x U x G} ,
S GG U U SH G US GG U SU)
G} S U, , H}G, H, , x{,
G, S U G, G U H
6 GHH U G S x |S U x, U
U }x 7 U G S U S
}xG G (GG) wG G, 8 GUS} U
H H G S{ 9 S U
G 10 S xH S }U U x
} wG x GG U x , U H
x U ( S) H x 11 S U x
5
SH} }G
242
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
a H x GG U x S S xGHG
J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 112, 113) 12 UH xx
U wG S xGHG J (G, S. 113 13 U S U
LyG , U, S U HG
(U) S xGHG J (G)
{ U U
vS G} } } U { U
S H U U J xGHG
, { U G | S xGHG
J S GG { { H x } |
S xGHG J
(}HwGGS G, GSS 2, S. 112)
S xGHG U Gv}
S xGHG U Gv} U x UG
U } S G Hx S U U U GUG ,
xG U U x }GG G H }G x J S
S } U }G G SwG x , x }G
U U S GG }G G UG J
S xGHG x } U UG
Hx S U U U x xG U U
}G G H }G }vM G} x S S }
SH} }G
243
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
UG U U U U }G G ,
U S GG }G G x J x S xGHG
} S U} UG Hx S U U U
S x xG U U }G G H }G x,
}x GHGU S, S }G U H J
( G, GSS 2, S. 111)
} U }vG U GG
S xGHG U } S S U} G
S } U S xGHG x xGG }-SH G,
H xG } S } G } SG } (4.374 x})
, HG x S } S G U} S S
} G } SG } S U} G x
S xGHG H S xG } S }
H} G H U wG UH U }
S Sx S H U S S G
LU SU, U UH G } S}
x J
( G, GSS 2, S. 111)
US UGG x S xGHG Hx
US x } U , }x }}G } U
, } U S} x G G J S
GGUGU } | }}G Gv} x J (G, S. 115)
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
244
S U
: S U S } GRU S }
S GGUGU
U x GHH , (S x, H, |S,
U, xG) U , G G U S
U x G} , wG U , (S U,
H, U, G) S U S GGUGU J (G, S. 113)
S GGUGU U Gv}
xH U Gv}
U xH U Gv} S U G
U J (G, S. 113, }wG, . 1, S. 620) G U
U } } S UH U } } xH UH
J S U vS x } H
S S U GG x UH , U ( x U)
SH} }G
246
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
S U
xH } UH H x xG S xGHG J
U Gv}
U U Gv} S U U,
G} U S xGHG GHH U S
GGUGU J ( }wG, . 1, S. 620, G, GSS 2, S. 113)
U GU
U GU S U U Gv} S
U U S G U S U GU | U S
U S GGUGU S G U, S U GU | S
GGUGU J S U S xGHG S G (GG)
}xG, S U GU | S xGHG J GU S }
xG ( }) S UH U S
U U S U } S (S U
x) S GG x G S (U) x
S S }H U x GH }SH S x
GGUGU } GGUGU, xGHG } xGHG, GHGU S GG U
| U U UH J }-SH }xG
| xH } U 1 Hx UH x
1.
U G GU xH } U S Hx S
S U Hx U J
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
247
S U
: } | } M G U }
U Gv} x J
( v U
S S } GHH U (}vS ) S U
x S }H) U S S U Gv} x U
S U } S }H U J S U S
xGHG GGUGU }UU }vM G ( U)
S x S S G U Gv} x } U
S H }xG U S U }vM
| }vM x (}) } U
S xGHG J (GU -G }G, . 4, S. 390,391)
{ } S G ......?
, G}, wG xG US U ?
1 U G} x S S U S x
SH} }G
248
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
G} U x wG U S
S { S x S, HG S G} }G G
SU }x S G} S }}} U SU 2 wG
S S G} } G , S GU
S U x ( U S U S x )
x G GU S U x U
{ GM J wG S (S) S U U
H, G ( U U) U H { GM J (
G, GSS 2, S. 123) 3 x S G} S
SU GU S U x U S U S
GH { U GM J (G) 4 G G}
S }SH ( }H ) S x, U GU
( S U S ) U Hx U x,
| U J (G, S. 124) 5 G S xG xG
S U x U S U xH x G U
x (G) S G} G S U x U
G} S x S U S Gy} x
G} U x J x G} U US U G S
xH x U x J
wG H G} U U U GGU
G G} G U GwG}
SH} }G
245
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
xG S wG GG U vG UH wG
G} x x xG U S US UGG xG S
H, S S U S Gy} U
G} U x J S }G G SU J
x S H G}
G} x S HS H x x S
U | G S G} }G GG , H S G}
x S HS H x , S U S U S
U } UGG U }G G }G LS x J
( G, GSS 2, S. 126)
U U
}xG1 U 2 U
113)
GHH G , S (G), U, },
(G .S.113)
}xG xG U U J
2
}H U wG U
}H U x }H }
U wG G x{ U HG S U J
( G, GSS 2, S. 114)
1. }xG U { S U vG wG xG }
HU U G J)
SH} }G
249
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
U U
1 U U S U U U
UG G , UG U x J (GH}x,
. 1, S. 46, G, GSS 2, S. 114) 2 S UG
U S U G x, x UG } G
x | U x J ( G, GSS 2, S. 114)
x } wG
x, H, UH } wG GU x U
x G wG } S ( H )
U , xG { U x J
(G)
U S a
S U GH }} U a S }
U v Hx U , H | U J
( G, GSS 2, S. 117)
G} U {
G} U { S , H G U {
U }x G J
(G, S. 115)
U }x
U }x (U }x) x } }H U S x
SH} }G
250
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
H } G x H U , x }G } GUGU
S (U) x U }H S U
S S S G S Hx U , GU } U G J
(GH}x, . 1, S. 46,48, G, GSS 2, S. 115)
xGHG H }v
G S }v G U UG UG S
(U) x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 116)
2 S U UG ( U U ) U
U S U S }H} , x UG } Hx
{ }G G H x }x { H J (G)
1
U U GU}
1 U H S } () U x U x
S G , x S H U }
, x S S }H U x SGU S U}
G U S S U US SGU
} xG ( U S U S U x
GGU H ) SGG S }
x } (S) LU x U }GUGU
x S U S J
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
251
S U
: } M GU G H
( G, GSS : 2, S. 52) 2 H S S U
U U S U x, , }G S } G
, S S G U x S } S }
( G H S) U G S
H H x S } U { G S U | GM x
} H U x G S S G} G
J (G) 3 H U U U
x x S } S U G }GSS S U x
}GSS U U J
(G)
xH } G U
H xH SGU U
G U x S U x xH J G
GU x U | S } }H HU |
GUG U U U S S U x }G
} H U U J x } x,
| x S U} S }
U S S U G G U J S
GG S } US U U x J H S
G U UG U } U H GSS G
U U GU G U U }H} J
SH} }G
252
S U
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
SGU GU H U
SGU GU G} S G U
UG G, UG S }x { H J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 116)
H S U H U H S
G U H S S U H, U
S x S S UH U UG } Hx
UG U x J (GH}x, . 1, S. 48, G, GSS : 2, S. 117)
U S
U UG S x S U S}
UG U , x S U S Hx
S U HG Hx U U x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 117)
U } } H ?
U xG US S (}-SH S, , ,
|G, , xG S } S US) S U
HG U , } } H x x{
S U } G S U GHG U GU U S
x UU J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 117)
SH} }G
253
S U
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
U } } H
U } } H x { U
}^ U xG S}H U 3 { S
U x S U J } H (
U xGU) } G S U
U x GUGU { S U x J
(G, S. 64)
}U U U ( GSS) S S } U
U x J
(G)
H } } H ?
} H S H, , S, UH
(G, S. 65)
U }vM J
3 }- } U } U H} U GUG
{ U G U U J H
} U U GU GUG U U }
U GS US GGG U S U
U G U H x, G S GUH UU 3 }- }
U S } U S x ! U} G x, } G U
xG { }vU }U}
S H }
, GGUGU U UGU U { H
SH} }G
254
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
S } UH x U } x {
G U S S H} J U x
UH }M } } U U 100 } U H S
U G UGU !
U S
S U U S U S HG (
U) | U S U U S U S
HG | U S U }vM S U HG
( G, GSS : 2, S. 66)
S | }vM J
x{ U S U
x{, G U S x UG } Hx UG
(G)
U U G Hx J
wG H } S
US U } S wG UH U U } SG x
S GU () U SG
U S HG} U UH U U } U U
x UH U U U xG }G S
( U GSS) wG xH } U } U
U S U S G x S U x
x U x x S S } U xH SwG U
( G, GSS : 2, S. 63)
x J
SH} }G
255
GU} }SGGU
S S G} | J
: S } U M U G H
S U
G U U x U LyG
G U U }GU} S LyG UH U ,
UG } Hx { GM { H J
(G, S. 117)
SG x
x SG x H S U G}
x S (U) J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 117)
wG U
x }G G xG } S }
wG }G x }
S U G wG U }G x J (G, S. 114)
} U } U
} U } U U J
(GU -G }G,
1 |x U G} S (U) S
} x S (U) x SH
( S } U U SU, U) J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 115)
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
256
S U
: wGS } M U G |H x
S (U) UG U S (U)
S S x S S U x |x
x U S S x U x J
2
xH L}H
(G, S. 116)
}1 UH UG S x J
S H U UG
(G, S. 116)
} U H x G G (
S U}) } G U x G
x U J
(G)
1 H
H (S x)
( x |S U S x) H U
U G J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 124) 2 H (
x |S U S x) U { } Hx U
J (G, S. 116) 3 H U U x
S GUH x U J
(G, S. 118)
U GU ?
U U H S
1.
} U U UG J S U M}H | U J
SH} }G
257
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
S U Hx x U J (G, S. 124)
G} U x }G US U
S U S GHH G} U GG
U GUH , S}H U U GG U x S U
x H U , U }G U S x x
S U H }G G }G x }x G}
(U x xG ) GG S GHH x G} x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 124)
U U H S GG
U H x U ( S) H x S
}G G U }G } SwG
U , U (U) } U H
S }G } } US (GG) , U
U H x U ( S) H x GG U H
x S}H } H U }} U wGHGU
G} U zG S }S J
(G, S. 124,125)
S S U }
S xG } U J
(G, S. 54)
xGG S H UG US GG {
S x H xG S S }
SH} }G
258
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
U (S G, x, wG xG) { } x U U
G U S U U GM , x U { S
U } { S U x x
} { S } { Gx x
} S U} } S 3 U H
( G, GSS : 2, S. 119)
}SG J
x S U x UG GU ?
x S x }x S U U , x
GU S | GH U HG} x S U S
vGGU ( S) S U U GM
} { H U x, S x} (
US GUS} U U}UH xG) S { U G J (G)
H S H UG U U U
}-GHGU 6 }- UH
1 x S GUGU ( H S xG)
} { } GU ( GGU S) G
S U x GU U S G U } U
wGS GGU | S GG G U x U G S
S U GUG U, x UG U GH U U GG
G U x J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 120) 2 x
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
259
S U
: wGS } M U G |H x
{ H GG G H }x | S U x
U S wGS GGU } S S G G U
U SU S (H G H) U GGU } U S
U GGU } U J S S U GGU U (H U GGU })
, x { S GU G (S
GU H H G ) U J (G) 3 H
S } G U U U H
S G S UG | U x |,
UG } x U G S U {
Ux UG 2 U J (G) 4 H
S U U, S U S UG U U
GSS |x x | U x U x H U
G U |x S 2 } { S2
} G U U S |x U } {
J x S UG S U } { U G H
x , U U UG |x {
x S } G U S S UG |x U
{ S U x J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 120) 5 UG
U } { U } wG G H U
G S Ux U S U HU S S
U U x wG G
U J (G, S. 121) 6 GM U U }
SH} }G
260
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
{ U x }wGHGU vG U }wGHGU }
U | U x J
(G, 122)
H U { } G G
GU } 1 SGUG 35 } U (
} { G U) Gv} S vG G }
{ , x GG U ( S S G GG,
, , S} xG) } { (H, H xG U
GG) S ( xG) }
{ G U G J
} U U } G G
GU-GU U}
U} :
U U UG } | G U x
SH U } xGH U
S U H x U x U S U U }
G G J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 121)
U U UG S { U }SH
x UG { U } } U UG U
S U | U UG U H S
UG U x H GM G S U G
J } GU H GG, }} H S,
SH} }G
261
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
}H }} G} G G
GU -G
(}G) H SGUG 792 GU} : H GM
U U U U G x J 4 (}G)
SGUG 585 GU} : S} HS H GM G
U U G} J H GLGU } : U
G U U U G} J (H GLGU, . 1, S. 170)
SH} U U U U UG { J
x S { U UG U S H GSS
GG U H U U H U U x }H UG
U } U S x } } S U | { H J
U UG U U U S GGU
UG U U U U S GGU | U
} U UG H U S H H , UG U
US SHG xG S S GG U U S UG
U U GSS U | J U
S H U U xGH U
S U U H x x UG U
G SHG U GSS U S
U x U UG xG S U S GU J S
G}H U GG GM U U U G
xGH S GUH U U U | U
SH} }G
262
S U
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
US G G J U U
M U U GSS U H G}
} U U GGU S | U UH
}U}}H U xG {H S S } US U
GG U H U U S S xG
U GGU S GG U U GU M
GSS | {H U U }x U} MG } U
H U U UG U U !
x } } UG U U U GGU
x } } UG H U H | H
UG U xG S } U U U
GSS | , U H H H
SG | H , S GG H S x
H SG S x G xGH U
S U H x x UG } U U
U x U S U S UG xG GU
J GM } U U xG }GU GGU MG
} { H J
H U UG U U U GGU
}GU GGU U U U H
GM , H U } UG U | U U SU J
}-SH M}H U x, S } H U U
SH} }G
263
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
S U
U U G xGH U
S U U H x x U x J G UG
S U U GSS | S GGU U U SU
J }x GG GM U U U U
UG, GGU } x x G J
U U U U GGU
U (CARPET) U U GSS U { U
HU U U U }GUGU U
{ U HU G U U U S
S GG { U HU U x
U U x J , }G U H }^ U
xG G } H S G S GGU
U U J S GU UG U G S U U
| S GG U U J x U U
UG xG } (}-SH , }
U U ) U G U xGH
U S U U H x x | U
x J U U S x U
} S U J ! U U
U | U J
SH} }G
264
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
S U
U } S x US U ?
UG } S x Hx, U } Hx
} { U SGU x Hx U x x
UG x GU J ( G, GSS : 2, S. 119)
U H H UG { U }SH
UG } U H Hx } { H
S U x x H U v } , S UHGU U
GM U S x} S { HU x } U
Hx U S U v U x J
(G, S. 120)
x UG U G S GSS U
UG U U GSS U x U
U S x , U { H (
UH }H} U US GSS } U Hx x
}H} U }-SH S S x }x }H} U
S U U S GSS , S U { UG U
{ ) x G S S U S U U S GSS {
H | U x, H S U UG
(GSS) { H | U }x S S } x }G
G U }H} U S GSS { x U
{ }G U G U ( G) S U
SH} }G
265
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
{ H U xG-HG }H} { H
}G U G ( U) U G J
(G, S. 121,122)
{ S UG { US ?
{ H S { S U x U S
S x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 119)
} H UG U U U 6 GU}
1 }
UG } Hx U GU x GUGU }H U G
SGU U S UG U x x }H U U
S U S UG } GU J (G, S. 122) 2 S
}SH } G } S G LS }G
S U } U U Gv} J (G) 3 } x }
Hx | S GG U x J (G) 4 U U
G U S H S } S x xG
Hx , }H S U x U { GM
x G U U } S U U ( H
U) UH U S }G S ( U x) xG
}H S U x J (G, S. 123) 5 S UG U }H
U U U H () x S |x U
x J (G) 6 x } UG } Hx U
SH} }G
266
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
(xG S U U ) { S U x (S S
GUH) }H UGU J (G)
S U U UG U U
US S }S} U UG } S Hx
xGH x} U S U G Ux U U Hx G
U J (S S } G x xx x) J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 127)
M U U U GGU
M U x GSS S (U) S GU
{ S G U x} SGG { S (M) U
x xG { U x, x }H} U
U S (U) | { S U x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 125)
U U U GGU
x S G U S } S G , S
U }^ U S}H U H,
, H xG { U G S GUGU { H
UGU , S U | GM U S U G U
SH} }G
267
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
U }GUGU J
(G, 121)
U xG U U U GGU
H U G S , GU, H xG S } Gx
vG x, S GG H S U
x S S } S U H H } U
GUGU J , S, H, xH GUS} U {
U G S U G U vG x
vG H } Gx { GM S U x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 122)
U U U GGU
U }} G U
}^ U xG ( }^ U U U H
G ) H U HUG xGG }} G
} }S} , UG S S GU H U
(S U) S UH U J (G) }x
GH U G , U S U G U GSS
U S H UH x H xGG US GG
U | U S } S GSS U UGU x
{ U U U GM J
U U U GGU
}G (}G U) } H S Hx, S
SH} }G
268
S U
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
G, x, } x S
xG S U x J x }SH U U H
S Hx S }^ xG H U
xG H | U x x S U U
U S S x { U x J
( G, GSS : 2, S. 123)
UGU U S}H S xG
SH} }G
269
SH} U 23 }-
SH} U S GM
GU
G H SH}
U S S SH} U 23 }-
M GU U GUGH
GG S G} GGU
U xG } GH S
} GU H x
S GH U
U } U H
GU} U }
M U Gx } S G} GH GU}x }
SH} }G
270
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
: } M GU G H
SH} U 23 }-
406,
GS : 1662)
SH} H } } U
G} }x} (U.K.) U U SH} | U
G UG } G} , } U
}S} U x H GHGU small health S U
} }- }GH } }vU GGU U }
GHGU U U U U H
J S U SU U G} S G
UH U } (U}) S GHGU , xH
S H J } S U U } U U
U GG U, U U }Z U GUH vG }S }
| J } Hx U Hx : } |
S ! } S vG U} S H x G x }x } U
}
SH} | x J G GU} Hx :
G H }U wG U SU }
SG SG G}} GU H U } }
S U GGU
}S-GU
U GU U SG
GU H J H
SH} }G
271
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
SG G}} H } U U x ! U
SH} U zG S | }G U
x J G U SH} S} GUGx
U S zG S | }G } U GU} J
SG U } } Lg
S } }
SH} } }- GUH
SH} ! ! SH} H
SU }, G x 2 GH} U }HU }wG,
U U G U} !
SH} | U S S SH} } |
SH} U }- U} U GGU {} J
H
H SH} | SH} U }- xG} U
GUH U, GU S S S }G } G H
} SH} x U HH S UH U }}H
U
}} G U GUG}
x J xH } ^ HU U x S
}wGHG zGG x } |U H, vH S}
U G H U UH H GzGGU } G
U } G U SGU --U S U
SH} }G
272
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
}- GUG U HS U G H GUU x J
}- } SH} U GU U}
GzGG G U }zG H} U H U }SH }
GH} U H }-g }GH }
SH} } GGUG }GU} J
GH} U G J GH SH}
| S SH} US GG , 1429 S
U }- } }H H ( 2008) } US U
H SH} U }- U} U SH} U
}HS }- U GGU S }H H UUx U
U HU }H-GG : 1 S U }- } } }U | U
G vG 24228 S 2 G Hx H
}-SH } (HxG) U Hx|x 3275 S
SGU U H U vG 34633 3 GGU/
GHGU SyGG U zG S | }G U
vG 3000, } U H Hx|x 136245 (U
H S G S HS) 4 zG GGU
U vG 26052 J
} S GU S| }- GUG
U } }- } H
SH} }G
273
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
2 } }- GUG US !
H } (U) U U SH} U U
H H U SH} U }- }GH S S
S H } G GU H , GU U GG xG
}Z S S U } G HyGGU , GS U } S}
} xG U }GUG } GS G H , }
SGU G vGS U U S HGU U | S
S U S , H x } G
, G U S H } SH } S vS
x S U GU} U U J GUS} S } T.V.
, S U x} U } }
} U J G GU U U S } , }G
}xG U } G | U } }U-H } U U S | U 3 US ,
} S U U } GU U H G
GUS} S US S U } SG GSH U, GU U
}GH US GU U , S U GSS } S U
J }x zGSS ! } H x U HGG U S GU
xG-H U } } U GS H J ! GUGU
GM G U } x U GSS Hx J U
GS } SH} U G}} SH}
SH} }G
274
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
SSH x GU } GRU U }}
U J } | U U x J GU U H
S U } H H U , } Gx
} H }G GRU } U U J }x
} G}GU U wG }U U U GU U HS
U }G } x, U SH} S |
GU}, S S U } H U G G x J
U }GU xGS H } xG H
G x, S x x} H G U U} U ! }
SH} U S | }G } U Hx J }-
U U SG U --U
GU
S } H } x S zG , U SG }H J
} SH} U }- }GH S S U
U U S x}G U } GU U H
U H UH vG ^ | U GG S G
, U GS } }- GUG U SG Hx J
} SH} U }- U} U {} }
U H U J
H U} S U }
SH} { } }
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
275
SH} U 23 }-
: wGS } M U G |H x
3 SU }
U S x
(US) U xHG G (Sx{) U
U H }wGHG zGG x U G }H ,
}G G G GUG S US |x
J S T.V. V.C.R } J GS U
S} US U H J } UH }U GUS
U GH J U G } US }U--H }
U U S | U US } G SS
GGU } , }H} GS H S J S
S }-SS U } GHGU } H SH} U
SH} U S | } } MG U J
}- }GH U } U Gx U } U Hx J
} G S U
vG xG U S S
} U} x J SH} U }- }GH S S
U --U S U GS } }- GUG Hx J
} H, } SH S G xG H
G ! S wG Hx }x S GU S
} } GUG S S S
GGUGU J
SH} }G
276
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
J x SH} U S }H U }- U} U
U SG S | } J G GURU } U
GG }- G} U SH U G U U } }G
U S U}
U } }}H J U G }
U } | RU UM U} U} U} J U
U } S } GUS} xG H U x J } wG
} U SH} U S | }G
} S x GU S , }
SwG GU S U GGU S} H
G J } wG SH} G MG U :
S }SGGU S U
xG} U } SH} U
U } S} U GS }H
H Gx SGU HS } }S SG SG G}} GU U
S }U S }SU GU H , } | GG
} x} U US U G S : GG U},
J U } H x J }
}SS}
SG U S } g G S Hx J H
U UM }G J
| S }} M U G G S U
U ! } |x x !
SH} }G
277
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
v G U U } UH
U G G S
4 S{ S }H x
(US) U U SH} U U
SH} }G
278
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
: wGS } M U G |H x
SH} U 23 }-
GU U H U S S } }G x -}GH
}U U G U | S J } SH}
U }- }GH U --U U S} S} } G
GSH G}} U GS S SH} } U U
G} U U H U J
GH} GUU S}-x } GS GGU | G | }
S }x G} S S }S} }GU }
5 } x H
(US) U U SH} U U
H H U } x S U GU J } S
x U S US U }G U } G |
x H J GU} } U S U Hx
U U xG (
) } SUx J zGSS ! U
x U GGUG U UH | G J H
U U} S H G x | Gx S U U U S
x, U } SH} U SH} U
zG S | }G } U U SG GSH U J
S S | }G } H , G SH}
U GU U U }- UH } H } }-
SH} }G
279
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
GUH U J
} x S
U S | Gx xG U H SH} U
}- }GH S S x J } G GGU G}} U
S S S U G} U SG GSH U J
U} U S
U } } UU
(S} wG)
6 GUH U }
}UGH H (H) U U G}} SH}
U U GHS U } H U GS S xZ U }G
} }H J G GU U } } H } }
} SH} U SH} U H, H
}G }SGGU U UGU S S x zG
S | }G } U J -G U U H
}- GUG , | S | }G }
U U }G U U } 2
H J U vG }} U UU H U G,
S | }G } x H H, H U }SG U
S U x | GU S H } }}
Gx U G vG 25 } H, H
SH} }G
280
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S
} } M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
GU GUGU U U } U
H U U } GRU
G H U U wG
H H H H
7
SGU } U SG }H x
(US) U UG vU U U SH}
(G} vG 55 SH) U U GHS U }
SH} U SH} U zG S | }G }
S GG S }GM} J S | }
SH} U }G } UH G U GUG x S
}x } GU }G wG U } 3 SH U SGU
} U H GU} }G U HU GG U U
S J U GU} }G U } G
SH} }G
281
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
: S U S } GRU S }
SH} U 23 }-
}x : H
! } SH} U zG S
| }G } }SSH 12 zG H G U UMx,
H
} SGU } U SG S G J
| 12 zG U } U} H
x } } U H x, } G G SGU }
x J GG } S S } 12 zG
S | }G } H G U U
G}H | U J
} G zG S
zG S | }G } U U SG J
} xG U G H G U G SGU
8
U SHG U G
(US) U U SH} U U
H H U } GU}, } x xG
x U Hx } Gx U GU} H}G U
U , } S U G--U S G ,
S} }x U U S S U S S UH J
} SH} U SH} U zG S
| }G } U U }G } }x
H G U GUH U GUG | S U J
SH} }G
282
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
U } } SH} U G H x
GU U }G GRU } U SHG U H
xGxG U G }x J } wG U } |
SH} U }HxG J
} G GUH
} US US GG SH} U zG S |
}G } U G } x J S U U
}-SS U S SH} U U
x J
vGUG U }GH G U U ( } G) }
GGU G}} U GS S S U G} } }xGH J
x G U } } U S
H Sx
(S} wG)
SH} ! SH} U S | }G
} G} v GH x U GGU SH GU
U } U H U}
H x J } GU H GG
GU -G 24 SGUG 184 GU} : }G
} --U G }}G }SH} vG GUH J (
}S} U }}G } G }x GUH U GU )
G-H} GU} : HS }S} SHG ( U
SH} }G
283
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
: } M U U US U U
SH} U 23 }-
}S}) }G } S U HH GM
J (S G }GSSxG, . 1, S. 312, G GS : 714, LH GS, }S)
9 }-
} SGG x
SH} }G
284
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
SH} U 23 }-
U J } S S | }G U
G S } U x J }G } H vGGU
xG G U U SGG U G
}x J GG SH} SH} U
SH} U zG S | }G } | GU H
}G U wG} G}} SH} U
U
SH} U S | }G U
GSS S } U U } S --U S U
} } U }UH S U G x G
S UH SGG } }- } }U}}H
G SGG U J } } U U SGG
v U | G } }H U !
H S Hx GU U x
| U ! U H S
10
GGx }H x
SH} }G
285
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
vS GGx J S U GH} } }
}HGU SH} U U }HxG S , }
GH U G U H U zGGU S
HS } GU U U
SH} U SH} U S | zG }G } U
U U } U S GG G U
SH} U S | }G } U U wG wG
, US SH} U U GUGU }H
x | Gx G U U x G GU
U G S } zGGG U} U
U
| G }-SH }G U GU }H, H U
H S , S G U GHS }H, xG J U
GU U U H } H H G } S
| }G } U } U J } S
| }G } U wG} H vGGU
xG G U } | G }x U H
! S }G } U U --U S } GGx U }SH
U GH GU} J
| GG xG U H
} U U SSH GGx
xGzGGU
GG GU} J
S GG SH} U S
| }GG } U U --U S } GH GGH
SH} }G
286
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
} H x J
2 GH} } S-GU U
} U G w }
11
S U --U
(G G U )
SH} }G
287
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
U G S GU S U GU} x,
U
G S | }G U G S } U GHGU U
US SH} U U J U U SH}
} zGG }G U G GUH GUH U
H SH} U }HxG G GG }G}
| S | }G } U J H H GGG
U G} SGU } }xGUG J
}G H U S }G
}G U }G wG
(S} wG)
12 H }H, U }
H } (U) U U SH} U G
U GHS U
} GU U GU
}G GUG U U G J } G wG U } U
SH} U }U }- }GH S S x J
} | GU U U GG S | }G U
HU } S U U G G U
SH} }G
288
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } G }G S M
U G S U S SH U x }GGU x J
U J U } GS }}H } }
GU U U } SH} U }G
} U U U --U | U
SH} U }G } U H U G U
GUH U U GUG , HG | }G }
U | U H G U J U }
U U 4 SH U GS xG U }x H U
} S }GM} J } U xG
U, U
} SH} U S | }G
} U UMx U H H U G }xx J
} S | }G } S U U
MG U J } U H | G U U J
U GS } H
} U H U } S
}H}H GU} J S | }G } U U U
--U | }H U vG 3 SH S } }
} S S | }H x J
vHGU
}xx }x x } }x x
SU } H G x U
(GGU wG)
SH} }G
289
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
: } M GU G H
SH} U 23 }-
13 } }SH GH x
H } (U) U U }G}} SH} U
SH} }G
290
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
(S} wG)
}- G} G}H U --U S
H } U SG }H x
SH} }G
291
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
}- }GH S S ) GU U U } |
U | SH} U zG S | }G } U
U SGU U S H MG U J
| S | }G S S }G U M
S } S H GG
U GRU G
S U }H S U S } SH} U }-
}GH S S }GSS Hx J
S
U S } H S. 1985 . U SH
S | }G U GSS S } U | J
} | SH} U S }G } U }
} U S | }G } H S
vGGU xG G }x J
S }G } U U
--U S } x S U U SG S , GURU
G }H J S SGU} U H } }- G}
G}H U MG U J }- G} U --U
S
} H } U SG | S x J1
H } SU S U H } U | vS } }
1. } H S
U GUGUH U S G G } S }GU
SH} U }- }GH } H } U SG UH J }HS }U--H }
SH} }G
292
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
15 xG H x
G (H SH} S{) U U SH} | U
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
U S |H x J
293
SH} U 23 }-
: wGS } M U G |H x
S }- } GG GU} J } G S } GG U :
}} ! } H v Gv} ? 30 U H
}- GUGUH U }SGU ? }} GU}, !
GURU U }- GUGUH } SGU U J
}- } U G U GS H }
} 30 U }- GUGUH } GGU SH U
S x J
}- GUGUH } SGU U
U --U S } }UH S x }-
GUGUH U U --U U S H U G
S }- G x, G U } U }} U U
, }- GUGUH U }SGU } S}
U }GGUG S U J
Gx S , wG GUG xG} U S H, GUGUH } H
S|, wG G G S , GUGUH } H
16 H GU U U
SH} ! }- SH}
| SH} S| U H G} U }U UH
H , SH} U U , U
, H SG, |, xG }G} wG GU
U U, U U U S U S vU
}G, S U G, zG S | }G U ,
SH} U 23 }-
SH} }G
294
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
}- G} U G}H, } U }- GUGUH
U }SGU SH} U G}H }HxG J
S GG
U H S U } Hx x J
S S U U xG H U GG}
S U} U H v U GUG S
H S S MGG U ! U xG
GS U H GS }-U U :
GU} }SGGU
1 U U H U U H U GG J(1)
2 x H GH } GG US U wGS U
GG GU} } H S S U } S SG
J(2) 3 U H GH, S U GU, S}
G} U }wGHUG U U SG }
}H ( }) Hx U U S H SH |
J(3) }GUSS GU}H }} GG }zG G} G
GU} : H
U SH S S U GS
G} }wGHUG U SH S GSS G G} } J
(}H }G, . 1, S. 200) 4 S-GU U }S}
} } GSH U U }S} | U S J(4)
1. S-}G, . 4, S. 305, GS : 2679 2. SGG }SH}, S. 1311, GS : 2406)
3. S-}G, . 4, S. 314, GS : 2694 4. S- }, . 1, S. 158, GS : 243
SH} }G
295
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } U M U G
H
S S G} | J
17
SGG x
H } (U) U U SH} U U
GHS U SH} U U SH} U U
U H } U, } GU
U U SH} U zG S | }G
GHGU U U } U U
U }x } SS U GS S SG S }GM} J U
U } U GG G x, v U
S G U U G} | x
U S H SU, G S U }xG G | U J
S U } H S G} UH x ! } U GG } |
S }G , S S} } } U J
U S GH } xG x J U U SH}
U U U H J } U
S xG} wG U : G
? } S } S
} GSH U U SH} U 12
zG S | }G } S U U
U H G | }x,
U SGG x J } 12 }G }
SH} }G
296
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU S }
M U G GGUGU wG x J
U U wG U H J } H } S |
}G } U vGGU xG G }
|
S HwG x U SGG
U xGxG U G }x J }G U S
} U GG H S J
vG xG U S S } }U}}H G SGG
x J v U xGHG S S |
}G } U U --U S } H U |
Hx J
} G } S SH}
U }- }GH
S S U U } }SMGU J
} xGS U SH S GUH
G } S }- } H
SH} ! !
S | }G
U --U S US GG } U } ! }} U
S , H U G} UH H
G} U G H J }x G }
U GM U U H } HG} J
S U GH U S U GGU }
SH} }G
297
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } SG S }
} M U G S GU} U } GUG }Hx J
S U SH U J S U } }x
} }H S U H G} J }-SH U
H }x }x S U }- } S G
S U GGU } | J S
S-H -GU U } 216 } H G
U
GGUGU :
--} UGH } : GU
U U } S
} GGU } J
18
S }GH U H U !
H } (U) U U SH} U U
H H U H U G S } GU U
GzGG U U SG GSH U H }x } S U
G S U S H U SwG
J GG} SG GSH U H U G zGSS !
} G-}H UGU U } }G U S xGGUH
J GU GU} x S U
GU U GU Hx U G GU S S
x S } U ! T.V. U U }
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
M GU G S GU U J
298
SH} U 23 }-
: S U S } GRU S }
GG H } H , } GU} }
U wG S , H GSS U xHU U x U
S GU U } SH }GGU U U U
} vG | S xHU U U } Gx !
S UG zGSS U x } S xHU U U (x})
U GH U H U U |
! H xGG } SG } x } S J }
}} SH} U SH} U S | }G
} U U U J } | }G } U U
}x } H J U }SSH GU U U
} H G } SH} U zG S |
}G } U U SG GSH x, }G }
H S | , GRUH
vGGU xG G
} x S H J U GGU G}} SH}
} G zGGU GU} } S H U S |
}G } U U J U }SSH zGGU U S
} SHG U S} Hx G U GU} } , x
S x x S } U H J }U--H
} U U S | U US S
GGU G S HG U U x x U U }
} x } v x ! S GG }U--H } S
SH} }G
299
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } G }G M GU Gx }
GU} U S U GUG UMx J
G H U SH G U } } SS G}}
} | SH} U S }H U U U
G} U } }SMGU x J G}} SH} } |
G}} } GS wG | U U U J
SH} U }- U} U U
} G
GHGU }- U G} (G}}) U GS S
SH} U }- U} U G } U J
}zG
SH} GGUG }G}} GUMGU H GGH }-
U U G GH G} U GUG U
GU U U UH S }GH } S G
U }GH H GU} U } | U } G
U }GH U U U S } U Gy} GU
U SG GSH U J H
SGU} J
SGU} }SGGU U GG
G HH H S
SH} U }- }GH U J
S U } } U }G U U xG
zG U U S | GGG Gx xG
Hx G SH} U zG S | }G U
| U S} J S GG }G } U U
SH} }G
GU} }SGGU
} H G J
300
SH} U 23 }-
: } M U U US U U
--U S G U }S LwGS J
S GG SH, , S G}, GUG
}}
U GUG S }S U } U
S H G U GU | G } H x J
x xx U GU GU
G U H x GGU SHH U
19 }
H } (U) U U SH} U
U U } }xG G U U G U H
G U HGU U GG U, }G} }Z U
S H U xzG-x U }G GUS} U S
U SG } U J } H SG H H ,
} U U H SG U }G U U G
H U U U ! } U SUH } G
, H
U U U } H } }S }
G U GU ! } H SG S S U G
U }GUG xG} }
SH} U }-SH } (HH ) } GH U J
} GU U G MGG U J
SH} }G
301
GU} }SGGU
M } U J
: } | } M G U }
SH} U 23 }-
} }GH} } SG }, }H H }
GU } H SH} U SH H vG}
S | }G U } U U
U U GG SH} } }G U G}
U U xG J } wG G U S S S |
}G U G} U } }SMGU x J } }G U
G U GSS S U G S G v
U } H U| | }G } U U J H
G G U G Gy} | x !
} G G U S SH S | }G U GSS
S } U U SG GSH U J S } x U
GH U }GG H HGUU S U GU
GSH , S U } GGU G
S , } U
} GSS x U ! }
U US US
GU} } }H ! G } vGGU xG G ,
G }G } U SH} U x G U }
S | S UH, } H } U S} } xGG
Hx J
} H
U x } x
S U SHG U G}G }S}}} U H J
}-SH } U GG }G } GG Hx
SH} }G
302
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S } S } M U G
H
S S G} GH GU} J
20 } G 3, 4 GU} H !
H } (U) U U SH} U U
x U | S S U U U} U
U vG | U G S x Hx J }
U U ( U U S } G
) SH} S G }G J U| H
} (U) U SH} U GH}
SH} }G
303
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S U S } GRU }
M GU G Hx } S US wGS J
}- }UG GUG } } H zG S |
}G } GM U U, } GGU SH }
SG S U, S U S } x S U }GUG
}H } xGSS U U| U|
S HG G ! U } H } GU
H U zGGU S U Hx : GU}
} GG U GUG , }G GU U
H G } GUG } } H
S | }G } U U G U H J
} zG S | }G } U U SG GSH
U J GUGU S S U }GG | U
U(1) S U } H U UGU H MG
x, vGGU xG G S Sx U U} U,
G } vGGU G S S , } S
H S }} SGU x S | U H J
} S | }G S S U GGU }
H U x | x } x S G U J
}G S S U} } } U U S
U U }GU } }
1. } H S
U G } US
S U SH }U--H } S GH U J
}HS }U--H }
SH} }G
304
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: S wGS U U GU H S U S
} GRU } M U G J
U GxG G U J
} G }
}GH } (H ) } S G} U H}
GSH U G GHGU } GHGU }- U
G} (G}}) U GS S SH} U }-
U} U U H | U J
SU ! U SG
S GG S SU
21 } 12 SH S H S }GM}
H } (U) U U SH} U
U S GG U } U 12 SH U GH GS xG
U HU } H U } S }GM} J U } }
SH} U zG S | }G } U U
J wG} } }HGU U }HxGG SH} S J
GU U U } }- }GH U --U
J } S }GM} U GU U
zGGU S U : SH} U 12 S |
}G } }SSH U U U H
U x
}G H G } H H
S H U |U GH U
SU }
U SGU } GM U} x J }
SH} }G
305
GU} }SGGU
G} |x J
: } M GU G H
SH} U 23 }-
U H J
S | }G } S
U U --U S } G GUH H
} S }- } GG GU} S GG } G
} } | x J
} H U } } SHH
{ | Hx U G} U H S
SH} ! SU U US U G } SS
U } | GS S }G } U U wG
U G }x }x } }SH GH , }
H , U , G U 3
H U H S xG xG GG
U HGUG G U GUH U S G | GGU
U G H J } |H US }
S U GU H
} S G J }
GH } U x
U RU xG U
J | S U RU, | RU, 2
| RU | RU, GH } RU RU RU
U J 25 S- U } 49
SH} }G
306
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } US S M U G U }
} M U G } x U H }xGGU J
50 } GH :
--} UG H } :
H U H S}
G} U SG, U
, S GG
GU} S
}H
S U U
G} GU H J
SH} }G
307
SH} U 23 }-
GU} }SGGU
: } U M GU G H
S U H U GUG H GUG G G J
22 x U x S} U G }H x
H } (U) U U SH} U U
H H U } }G GUG U H x S
x } xzG J zGSS ! U } x U x S}
U GSS U J } GURU G S xGGUH SH}
U }H} S H J S }SS
U G GU SU S J } G
U U J
} SU GU }H x S
U S U SH} U }
SH} U zG S | }G } U U SG
}H J } S | S, GU
U
GRU U S U H vGGU xG G } G
U } U x S U, }
GU H U }GSS S Hx x } H S U
x J
S }G } U U --U
S } }- }GH S S x } G
SH} U }- U} U vGGU U H U U J
S }G U SGU US
} GG
(S} wG)
SH} }G
308
SG U
GU} }SGGU
: S U } } M U H
U } } S } x GU S U H SxGGU U x J
23 } } U
H } (U) U U SH} U U
(GGU wG)