CHUYN MCH GI

GVHD :Th.s Ng c Thun

Nhm : 9
Trn Vn Mnh
Nguyn Nam D
Phm Tun Anh
L Th Kim Dung
LOGO Nguyn Hng Qun
Nguyn Thnh Chung

Cng ngh chuyn mch

Contents
1.
1.Hn
HnCh
ChCa
Ca Chuyn
Chuyn Mch
MchKnh
Knh
2.
2.K
Kthut
thutCa
CaChuyn
ChuynMch
Mch Gi
Gi
3.
3.Cng
CngNgh
NghChuyn
ChuynMch
MchIP
IP
4.
4.Cng
CngNgh
NghChuyn
ChuynMch
MchATM
ATM
5.
5.DEMO
DEMO nh
nh Tuyn
TuynDng
DngOSPF
OSPF

Hn ch Ca Chuyn Mch Knh

S dng bng thng khng hiu qu :
rng bng thng c nh 64kbps
Knh dnh ring cho 1 cuc gi
Tnh an ton :Tn hiu thoi truyn trn 1 ng
duy nht nn d b nghe trm
Kh nng m rng km
Thit b 2 u phi chy cng tc

Hn ch ca chuyn mch knh

Hn ch ca chuyn mch knh

Chuyn mch knh ch truyn trn 1 ng c nh

Chuyn mch gi
Khi nim :
Mng chuyn mch gi (packet switching) l
truyn d liu dng nhng khi nh,ring bit
gi l gi tin (packet)
Da trn a ch ch cha trong packet
pha nhn,cc gi tin s c lp rp li theo
th t thch hp thnh 1 thng ip

c im ca chuyn mch gi
Gim c tr ti cc node trong mng
X l li v sa li hoc truyn li gi nhanh
hn so vi chuyn mch bn tin
Do gim c lng thng tin cn truyn
li,gim tc nghn v tng tc truyn tin cng
nh kh nng phc v ca mng
C th nh tuyn cho tt c cc gi theo cc
giao thc khc nhau

Cc thnh phn ca chuyn mch gi

Mng chuyn mch gi gm cc thnh phn c bn
sau y :
Trm (station)
Nt mng (Node)
Cc ng truyn dn (Link)

K thut chuyn mch gi

Cc bn tin cn truyn c chia ct thnh cc
thnh phn nh hn gi l gi tin
Mi gi li c a thm phn iu khin
mng c th nh tuyn gi n ch.
Nguyn tc chuyn mch l ti tng nt gi
c nhn,lu tm v chuyn tip ti nt tip
theo cho n khi n ch cui cng

K thut chuyn mch gi

B1 : Phn on cc gi pha pht

Chuyn
Mch
Gi

B2 : nh tuyn cc gi

B3 : Ti hp gi pha thu

Nguyn l ca chuyn mch gi

K thut chuyn mch gi

Ty thuc vo giao thc truyn thng m c th
c nhiu mc phn chia bn tin thnh cc gi c
chiu di khc nhau.
Ngoi nhng thng tin c ct t bn tin,gi
cn c chn thm cc phn u (tiu ) v
ui phc v cho vic nh tuyn qua mng

K thut chuyn mch gi

Trong mng chuyn mch gi cc gi tin c
chuyn qua mng t nt ny ti nt khc theo
nguyn l Lu m v pht chuyn tip.
Mi nt sau khi thu mt gi s tm thi lu gi
mt bn sao ca gi vo b nh m cho ti khi
pht chuyn tip gi ti nt tip theo hoc ti
trm ca ngi s dng
Chuyn mch gi c th p ng c yu cu
hot ng truyn tin mt cch nhanh chng,k
c khi c s hng hc mt phn hay nhiu tnh
nng khc ca mng

K thut chuyn mch gi

K thut chuyn mch gi s dng 2 phng php
tiu biu chuyn cc lung gi t ngun ti ch
2 phng
php

Lc d liu
(Datagram)

Mch o
(Virtual Circuit)

Chuyn gi theo Datagram

Mi gi c x l c lp
Cc gi c th i theo bt c ng thch hp
no
Cc gi c th n ch khng theo th t gi
Cc gi c th tht lc trn ng i
Bn nhn phi sp xp li cc gi mt trt t v
khi phc cc gi tht lc

Chuyn gi theo Datagram

Phng php Datagram khng c thit lp v gii
phng kt ni
Do giao thc thng tin ca Datagram cn c tn
l giao thc phi kt ni (connectionless)

Chuyn gi theo Datagram

Gi s rng trm A c 3 bn tin 1,2,3 cn gi
n B.Trm A truyn s liu n nt 4 (chia
gi).Nt 4 c th to tuyn gi qua nt 5 hoc 3

Chuyn gi theo Virtual Circuit

ng i c to trc khi gi cc gi d liu
Cc gi yu cu cuc gi v chp nhn cuc gi
c dng kt ni (handskare)
Mi ng i c gn mt s ID
Mi gi cha ID ca ng i thay v a ch
my ch
Khng cn tm ng cho tng gi
ng i khng dnh ring

Chuyn gi Virtual Circuit

Chuyn gi theo Virtual Circuit

Trc khi gi c chuyn i th c 1 gi gi l
c hiu c gi t nt gc,trong cha a
ch nt gc
C hiu ny s chy qua cc nt,i n u n
t hng chim kt ni qua nt

Chuyn gi theo Virtual Circuit

Knh o VC gn ging nh chuyn mch knh
v knh o c gii phng khi kt thc qu
trnh chuyn tin
Cng 1 thi gian th mt PSE c th c nhiu
VC n 1 PSE khc

Chuyn mch gi theo Virtual Circuit

Vn kch thc gi
Gi s mch o t X n Y qua nt a,b
Bn tin gm 30 octet
Thm 3 octet gn u gi
Nu ton b bn tin gi nh
1 gi n 33 octet
Times
truyn l 99 vtg (33 x 3)
Gi chia lm Data lm 2
Mi gi gm 15 octet thc
v 3 octet tiu Times = 72

Vn kch thc gi
Mt vn trong chuyn mch gi l kch thc gi
c s dng trong mng c mi quan h cht ch
gia kch thc gi v thi gian truyn dn
Phi thit k gi sao cho c di thch hp m
bo truyn gi nhanh nht

ng dng ca chuyn mch gi

CIRCUIT

X25

GO ON

FR
ATM

MPLS

Mng X25
X.25 l mt dch v mng din rng, ra i vo
nhng nm 1970.
Mc ch ban u ca n l kt ni cc my ch
ln (mainframe) vi cc my trm (terminal)
xa .
u im ca X.25 so vi cc gii php mng
WAN khc l n c c ch kim tra li tch hp
sn .

Mng X25
Chn X.25 nu bn phi s dng ng dy
tng t hay cht lng ng dy khng cao .
X.25 l chun ca ITU-T cho truyn thng qua
mng WAN s dng k thut chuyn mch gi
qua mng in thoi .

Mng X25

Mng X25
Thut ng X.25 cng cn c s dng cho
nhng giao thc thuc lp vt l (physiscal) ,
lp lin kt d liu (data link) v lp mng
(network) to ra mng X.25 .

Mng X25

Theo thit k ban u, X.25 s dng ng dy

tng t to nn mt mng chuyn mch
gi, mc d mng X.25 cng c th c xy
dng trn c s mt mng s.

M hnh mng x25

X25
Hot ng 3 lp cui.
Kim sot li ,lung tt.Nhng
Bng thng c nh (64kbps)
Dung lng qu thp ,khng ph hp vi nhu
cu s dng dch v a mi trng.
Phi thit lp cc mng chuyn mch gi nhanh.
( FR ,ATM ,)

Cng ngh chuyn mch IP

Khi nim :
nh tuyn bn tin 1 cch c lp
C cu nh tuyn v chuyn tin linh ng,hiu
qu,phi kt ni
IP l giao thc chuyn mch gi,c tincy
cao v kh nng m rng cao
Khuyt im
IP khng h tr cht lng dch v (QoS)
Vic iu khin lu lng rt kh thc hindo
phng thc nh tuyn theo tng chng

Cng ngh chuyn mch IP

Khi nim
nh tuyn bn tin mc cch c lp.
C cu nh tuyn v chuyn tin linh ng,hiu
qu,phi kt ni
IP l mt giao thc chuyn mch gi c tin cy
cao v kh nng m rng cao
Khuyt im
IP khng h tr cht lng dch v (QoS)
Vic iu khin lu lng rt kh thc hin do
phng thc nh tuyn theo tng chng

Cng ngh chuyn mch IP

Hnh mng IP

Cng ngh chuyn mch IP

M hnh OSI v TCP

IP Header

IP
IP Header
Header

11

Frame Header
Header IP
Frame
IPHeader
Header

11

II

Frame Header

IP Header

IP Header

IP Header

Cc phng php nh tuyn

Static routing:Ngi qun tr mng thit lp 1 con
ng i mc nh t trc cc d liu ch
c truyn trn ng i .
Dynamic routing:l qu trnh trong cc b nh
tuyn t ng iu chnh theo s thay i m
hnh mng hoc lu lng lu thng trn mng.
Default routing:l 1 dng c bit ca static
routing.

Cc giao thc nh tuyn truyn thng

Distance Vector (nh tuyn theo khong cch
vector):Cc router gi nh k bng nh tuyn cho
cc router lng ging.Khi nhn c th cc router
ny s update bng nh tuyn v li gi cho cc
router khc trong mng.
Link State (nh tuyn theo trng thi kt ni):s
dng thut ton tm ng ngn nht trc SPF.
Phng php ny i hi x l nhiu hn distance
vector nhng kim sot hu ht qu trnh nh
tuyn v p ng nhanh nhng thay i.
Hybrid : l phng php kt hp nhng c im
tt nht ca 2 phng php trn.

nh tuyn trn mng Internet

Mng Internet l mt mng rng ln .N bao
gm cc Domain khc nhau.
S nh tuyn bn trong cc domain gi l nh
tuyn trong.
S nh tuyn gia cc Domain khc nhau gi l
nh tuyn bin.

nh tuyn BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

L giao thc nh tuyn cng bin trn Internet
dng vi TCP/IP
BGP tch ly cc thng tin cn thit cho nh
tuyn (chi ph ,s hop, an ton ng i) ri
sau mi trao i vi cc domain khc .
=> Gim thiu bng thng trao i khng cn thit
gia cc domain vi nhau.

Cng ngh chuyn mch ATM

ATM

(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) phng thc truyn

khng ng b s dng k thut chuyn mch gi cht lng
cao.
ATM

kt hp tt c nhng li th ca k thut chuyn

mch knh v chuyn mch gi vo mt k thut truyn thng
duy nht.
S

dng cc gi c nh gi l cc t bo, n c th truyn ti

mt hn hp cc dch v bao gm thoi, hnh nh, s liu, c
th cung cp cc bng thng theo yu cu.

c im
ATM c mt c im rt quan trng l nhm
mt vi knh o (VCI) thnh mt ng o (VPI)
p dng phng thc chuyn mch a ch
(Address) cn gi l chuyn mch nhn (Label)
nhm gip cho vic nh tuyn c d dng.
VCI: Virtual Channel Identifier
VPI: Virtual Path Identifier

Quan h gia cc kt ni trong ATM

c im
V kha cnh truyn dn, ATM l mt phng
thc ghp knh khng ng b s dng cc gi
c kch thc nh v c nh l 53 bytes gi l
t bo ATM (ATM cell).
Cc t bo nh cng vi tc truyn ln s
lm cho tr truyn v bin ng tr gim nh
i vi cc dch v thi gian thc, ngoi ra kch
thc nh cng s to iu kin cho vic hp
knh tc cao c d dng hn.

Kin trc mng ATM

M hnh giao thc chun

ca B-ISDN

Mt phng qun l
Qun l lp (Layer Managerment)
Qun l mt phng (Plane Managerment).
Nhim v l to ra s phi hp gia cc mt
phng khc vi nhau. Qun l mt phng khng
c cu trc phn lp, qun l lp c cc lp
khc nhau nhm thc hin cc chc nng qun
l c lin quan ti cc ti nguyn v thng s
nm cc thc th c giao thc.

Mt phng ngi s dng

C nhim v truyn cc thng tin ca ngi s
dng t im A n im B trn mng.
Cc c ch nh iu khin lung, iu khin tc
nghn, chng li u thc hin ti mt phng
ny, mt phng ny cng c cu trc phn lp.

Mt phng iu khin
Lp bc cao (High Layer): Tng ng vi 3 lp
trn cng ca m hnh OSI.
Lp vt l (Physical Layer): ng vi lp 1 (lp
vt l) trong m hnh OSI.
Lp ATM (ATM Layer): c th coi nh nm ti l
di ca lp 2 (lp truyn d liu) trong m
hnh OSI.
Lp AAL (ATM Adaptation Layer): c nhim v
thc hin vic kt ni vi cc giao thc ca lp
cao hn.

T bo ATM (cell)

UNI Cell Format

NNI Cell Format

nh dng header
GFC ( General Flow control) l trng iu
khin lung chung.
VPI (Virtual Path Identyfier) v VCI ( Virtual
Channel Identyfier) l hai trng nh tuyn cho
cc t bo trong qu trnh chuyn mch.
PT ( Payload Type) l trng ti thng tin xc
nh xem t bo ny mang thng tin khch hng
hay thng tin iu khin. N cng xc nh qu
ti ca t bo thng tin khch hng.

nh dng header
CLP ( Cell Loss Prioryti) l trng u tin b t bo
dng ch ra kh nng cho php hoc khng cho
php b cc t bo khi c hin tng qu ti xy ra.
+ Nu cc t bo c CLP = 0 th c mc u tin
cao.
+ Nu cc t bo c CLP = 1 th c mc u tin
thp.
HEC (Header Error Check) l trng kim tra li
phn tiu . N dng pht hin li ghp bit v
sa li cho ng cc li ghp bit n .

ATM Network

Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLS

Trong nhng nm gn y,ngnh cng nghip Vin

Thng v ang tm mt phng thc chuyn mch
mi c th phi hp u im ca IP (nh c cu nh
tuyn ) v ca ATM (nh thng lng chuyn mch)
Cng ngh MPLS ra i
Vic nh tuyn cc gi da trn cc nhn c gn cho
mi gi
H tr nhiu giao thc khc nhau
Cho php chuyn ti gi rt nhanh trong mng li v nh
tuyn tt mng bin bng cch da vo nhn

So snh gia cc cng ngh:

58

So snh gia cc cng ngh

Cng ngh

IP

ATM

MPLS

59

So snh gia chuyn mch knh v gi

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