Limits, Fits and

Tolerances

Ujjwal chauhan

TOLERA
NCE
impossible
to produce

It is
a part of
exact size and shape, thus due to in
inevitable innaccuracy of manufacturing
methods it is not possible to make any
part of precise dimension
The dimensions can be made to lie
between two limits, maximum and
minimum, this difference is known as
tolerance.

Need for tolerance

Variations in the properties of
specification

material introduces errors.

The production machines
themselves have some
inherent inaccuracies.
It is impossible for any operator
to make perfect settings.
Hence the part should be made
as inaccurate as tolerable to
the functional requirement.

Illustration of tolerance
Hole
Max hole size-Basic hole size=Upper
deviation
Basic hole size-Min hole size=Lower
deviation

Ways of expressing
Tolerances
1. Unilateral-It is taken when the total
tolerances
are taken in one
direction only.It is helpful to the
operator in machining.
eg Diameter of shaft25.00mm+0.02mm
2. Bilateral-It is taken when the total
tolerances are taken in both the
direction of a basic size.
eg Diameter of shaft-

Tolerance Accumulation
If a part comprises of several
steps each step having some
tolerance over its length then
overall tolerance will be the sum
of individual tolerance.

Compound Tolerance
It is derived by the effect
of tolerance by more
than
one
directional
dimension.

Limits
It can be defined as the maximum
and minimum values about which a
machined part can take value.
Consideration in deciding the
limits

Functional requirement
Interchangeability
Economics

Fits
When two parts are to be
assembled,
the
relation
resulting from the difference
between their sizes before
assembly is called a fit.

Clearance Fit
In clearance fit the largest possible
shaft diameter is smaller than the
diameter of the smallest hole,so
that shaft can rotate or slide
through with different degrees of
freedom.

Interference Fit
In this shaft the minimum
permitted diameter of the shaft
is larger than the maximum
allowable diameter of the hole.
The shaft and dia are attached
permanently.

Transition Fit
Diameter
of
the
largest
allowable hole is greater than
that of smallest shaft, but the
smallest hole is smaller than
the largest shaft.