Tiu lun 4

PHN A. GII THIU CHUNG

I. G
1. nh ngha:
g l dng c hoc thit b dng nh hnh, nh v cc chi tit (cc thnh
phn) trong qu trnh gia cng, n lm tng nng sut, cht lng ca sn phm, gim
chi ph sn xut v nng cao kh nng cng ngh ca thit b.
2.Cng dng
- p dng g vo trong gia cng lm tng nng sut.
+ S dng g trong sn xut th nng sut khng ph thuc vo trng thi tm sinh
l ca cng nhn.
+ S dng g trong sn xut th thi gian lm quen vi cng vic gn nh khng
cn v nng sut n nh sut qu trnh sn xut.
+ S sn phm b hng, ti ch s t i rt nhiu khi s dng g.
- Nng cao cht lng sn phm.
+ S dng g trong sn xut ng u ca sn phm cao hn, do t l sn
phm hng, sai quy cch gim.
+ Cht lng sn phm khng ph thuc vo tay ngh cng nhn.
- To kh nng linh hot trong sn xut: Dng g trong sn xut gip cho vic
thay i dng sn phm nhanh hn cho khch hng, nht l nhng n hng c sn
lng nh.
- To iu kin tha cc tiu chun rng buc trong sn xut:
Dng g trong sn xut th d dng t c cc tiu chun: + Tiu chun v qun l v m bo cht lng sn phm ISO 9000.
+ Tiu chun v c x x hi SA 8000.
+ Tiu chun v mi trng ISO 14000
- Tng kh nng linh hot ha trong sn xut.
- S dng tt g gip cc c s gii quyt c vn v cc tiu chun rng
buc i vi cc sn phm may cht lng.

- Gim cng lao ng ca cng nhn.

- Gim nh s cng thng v ci thin iu kin lm vic ca cng nhn, khng cn
s dng th bc cao.
3. Phn loi
g c chia thnh cc loi sau:
-

g gia cng
g kim tra
g lp rp
g gia cng
Da vo dng sn xut (sn xut n chic, sn xut hng lot, sn xut hng
khi), vo hnh dng v kch thc ca chi tit, ngi ta chia g gia cng thnh
cc loi: g vn nng, g chuyn dng, g vn nng lp ghp, g
tho lp v g vn nng iu chnh.
g vn nng
g vn nng c dng cho sn xut n chic, ch th, trong cc phn
xngdng c v sa cha. g vn nng cho php g t nhiu loi chi
tit khc nhau (c hnh dng v chi tit kh nhau). Cc g vn nng
thng dng l: mm cp cc loi, too my, u phn , bn quay, mm
quay v.v. g vn nng c chnh xc thp v thi gia g t chi tit
ln hn so vi cc loi g khc. Tnh vn nng ca g loi ny l kh
nng iu chnh cc chi tit kp cht.
g vn nng lp ghp
g vn nng lp ghp c s dng trong sn xut n chic (ch th)
hoc sn xut hng lot nh. g loi ny c lp ghp t nhng chi tit
c ch to sn v c lu gi trong kho. c mt g gia cng
c th ngi ta chn mt schi tit g c ch to sn em lp ghp
li vi nhau. Thi gian lp mt g trung bnh khong 2-3 gi.
chnh xc gia cng chi tit trn g vn nng lp ghp ph thuc vo
cht lng lp rp, mn v trng thi ca cc chi tit nh v. Vi cht
lng lp rp bnh thng th chnh xc gia cng t cp 3. Cn vi cht
lng lp rp cao th chnh xc gia cng c th t cp 2. Sau khi gia
cng xong, tt c cc chi tit, g li c tho ri ra v chuyn vo kho
bo qun.
g tho lp
g tho lp c dng trong sn xut hng lot nh v hng lot va. V
chc nng th n l g chuyn dng, bi v n c lp cho mt lot cc
chi tit c th ging nh g vn nng lp ghp. Khi lp lot g ny
c th phi sa cha mt s chi tit v s dng mt s loi chi tit chuyn
dng. u im ca loi g ny l qu trnh lp rp n gin. Nhc

im ca chng l cng vng khng cao do phi s dng cc mi lp

ren.
g vn nng - iu chnh
g vn nng iu chnh c dng trong sn xut hng lot va khi
vic s dng g chuyn dng v g vn nng khng em li hiu qu
kinh t. g vn nng iu chnh gm cc chi tit c lp vi nhau c
th iu chnh thay i. khi thay i chi tit diu chnh th thn g v c
cu truyn ng c gi nguyn (cc chi tit ny l cc chi tit khng tho
lp). Vic kp cht ca g vn nng iu chnh c th thc hin bng
tay hoc c kh. C cu kp c kh c th lp ngay trn g hoc lp ring
bit.
g chuyn dng
g chuyn dng c s dng cho mt nguyn cng nht nh, v vy
n ch c thit k cho mt chi tit nht nh. Cc g loi ny cho php
t g nhanh v chnh xc g t cao. gim gi thnh ca g ngi
ta thng dng nhng chi tit tiu chun. Thi gian s dng g chuyn
dng l 3 5 nm. Sau thi gian g khng m bo chnh xc cn
thit, cho nn ngi ta phi thay i g mi.
g kim tra
g kim tra c dng kim tra phi ( hoc chi tit) cc nguyn
cng ca quy trnh cng ngh, ng thi n cn c dng kim tra cc
b phm lp rp ca sn phm.
g lp rp
g lp rp c dng thc hin cc mi lp ghp cc chi tit li vi
nhau to thnh cc cm lp rp hoc sn phm. Ngi ta thng dng
cc loi g lp rp nh sau: kp cht cc chi tit c s ca n v lp
rp; g t chnh xc cc chi tit lp rp; to bin dng ca cc chi tit
lp rp v nn, p khi lp rp c nhu cu.
Ngoi ra, g c th phn loi theo kh nng iu chnh, kh nng s dng hoc
mc trang b co s dng.
* Theo kh nng s dng
+ g dng chung ( g vn nng ): l kiu g c th dng gia cng cc chi
tit c hnh dng, kch thc v vt liu tng i khc nhau m khng phi hiu
chnh hoc thay i g n kt cu ca g.
+ g chuyn dng: l kiu g ch dng thc hin cng vic gia cng mt chi
tit c hnh dng, kch thc v vt liu c nh duy nht. Khi thay i i tng sn
xut loi ny khng dng c.

 g chuyn dng c u im l vi mt ln iu chnh my c th gia cng tt c

cc chi tit trong l sn phm t chnh xc cho. Do c th nng cao nng
xut lao ng, gim thi gian ph v sc lao ng ca cng nhn. u im ny cng
th hin r trong sn xut hng lot ln v hang khi.
Tuy nhin, trong sn xut n chic v hng lot nh, s dng g chuyn dung s
khng kinh t v chi phi cho thit k ch to g lm cho gi thnh sn phm cao,
khng rt ngn c thi gian chun b sn xut.
+ g t hp
g t hp l g c t hp li t nhng chi tit v b phn tiu chun ha
c ch to sn v c dng li nhiu ln g t nhiu loi chi tit khc nhau.
g ny c dng trong sn xut n chic, hng lot nh, hng lot ln v hng
khi. So vi cc g vn nng v g chuyn dng, s dng g t hp c hiu
qu kinh t rt cao bi v chi ph v thit k v ch to g loi ny cho sn phm c
th tng i thp, rt ngn c thi gian chun b sn xut khi chuyn sang sn xut
loi sn phm mi.

* Theo kh nng iu chnh

+ g c nh l g c hnh dng v kch thc khng thay i c, n ch
dng cho mt chi tit c hnh dng, kch thc v vt liu nht nh.
+ g iu chnh c l g c th thay i hnh dng v kch thc sau cho ph
hp vi nhiu vt liu v hnh dng, kch thc gia cng khc nhau.
* Theo mc trang b cho thit b chnh
+ g ci thin nng sut, cht lng l dng c ph nhm nng cao nng sut v
cht lng chi tit gia cng, n khng lm tay i g v tnh nng k thut ca thit b
+ g ci to, bin i tnh nng ca thit b l g c trang b thm nhm ci
to phn no hoc bin i tnh nng ca thit b v d nh g xn mp nguyn liu
trn my may. Thng thng kiu g ny sau mt thi gian nu tn sut ng dng
cao ln th n s c ghp vo thit b chnh cho ra mt loi thit b chuyn dng.
II. C G
1. nh ngha:
- C g thng c s dng rng ri trong thit b may cng nghip. N
gp phn tng nng sut v cht lng cho sn phm may, gim nh thao
tc cho cng nhn .

C g l cng c cn thit trong dy chuyn may khi cn cc sn phm c

ng u vi chnh xc cao, cht lng m bo .Vic s dng c g
to mc chuyn mn ho cao
- Ngy nay vi s a dng ca sn phm, s pht trin ca cc loi vt liu
mi, cng cc loi thit b may cng nghip l cc loi c g rt a dng v
chng loi , kch thc, hnh dng.
Mt s c g trong thit b may cng nghip c tiu chun ho
2.Cng dng
- Rt ngn thi gian may
- May chnh xc hn.
- Tit kim lao ng.
- Gim bt cng on.
3. Phn loi
a.Theo mc trang b cho thit b chnh
- C g ci thin nng sut, cht lng: l dng c ph nhm nng cao nng sut v
cht lng chi tit gia cng, n khng lm thay i g v tnh nng k thut ca thit
b.
Vd: c chn dn hng...
- C g ci to, bin i tnh nng ca thit b l c g c trang b thm nhm ci
to phn no hoc bin i tnh nng ca thit b v d nh c g to dn, hoc xp ly
trn my may. Thng thng kiu c g ny sau mt thi gian nu tn sut ng dng
cao ln th n s c ghp vo thit b chnh cho ra mt loi thit b chuyn dng.
b. Phn loi theo ng may
Stt

Loi c

ng may

p dng

May gp
mp

ng may c
bn ,o s mi, th
thao, lt,vv..

May cun
mp

o jacket, bo
h lao ng, cc
dng khc.

May bc
mp

n , tr
em ,hng dt
kim,qun o
thng, vest,
jeans ,cc dng
khc.

May bc
vin, mp
bc

dt kim, qun
o th thao,
tm,hng tr em,

Gp hai
mp

Hng tr em,
lt,th thao,
tm,ng phc

Cun np

o s mi cc
loi,o dt kim,
jacket.

Vin dy

Qun o ma, che

y t, bc
thm, qun o ph
n, tr em, o th
thao, pijama, tri
ging, bn, cc
dng khc

May dy

Cc may hng
n, quai, dy
chun, dy tht
lng, qun tr em
v n.

Cp may
lng

jeans, jacket,
denim, cp qun
tr em ngi ln
cc loi .

10

May ni 2
ng

jeans, jacket,
hng ng phc,
bo h lao ng,
o khoc, vy, bt,
ga tri ging,..

11

Vin bng
chn p

Hng n, tr em,
lt, trang tr,
cc dng khc,

12

Vin
ni,bc
mp

lt

13

Chia
khong
cch

Tha khuy, nh
nt qun o, cc
loi sn phm c
tha khuy, nh
nt ,

14

Ct

Ct tng phn
may thnh sn
phm.

15

Xp li

o, vy tr em,
vy ng, vy d
hi, cc loi hng
thi trang.

16

Hng vt
liu dy

Ti, vali th thao,

ti gn, giy.

17

C dn
hng

Dng cho cc
cch may thng
thng.

Ti liu tham kho

GS. TS. Trn Vn ch, g, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2006
http://www.anysew.vn/default.aspx?CateID=43
http://tanhopphat.vn/shop/category/2016/0/0/cu%CC%83-ga%CC%81-ca%CC%81cloa%CC%A3i.aspx