Anten pht

fo = fHF + fIF 1,25 MHz

9600 Kb/s
Tin tc bng gc

1,25 MHz

iu ch - tri ph

BF

1,25 MHz
MIXER

fIF = 70 MHz

HPA

FI

fHF 1GHz

Anten thu
fo = fHF + fIF 1,25 MHz

FI

1,25 MHz
LNA

MIXER

9600 Kb/s

Gii iu ch, tri ph

fOS 1GHz

Tin tc bng gc

BF

fIF = 70 MHz

Hnh 3.2 - S thu pht v tuyn.

1,25 MHz

9,6Kbps
Tin tc

1,25 MHz

70 MHz
BF

BPSK

920 MHz
Mixer

Lc

HPA

1,2288 Mcps

fIF = 70 MHz fHF = 850 MHz

PN

Hnh 3.3 - S khi pht BTS.

1,25 MHz

920 MHz

Lc vo

LNA

1,25 MHz

70 MHz
1,25 MHz
Mixer

9600 bit/s
1,25
GiiMHz
BPSK

BF

Tin tc

1,2288 Mcps fIF = 70 MHz

70 MHz
9600 bit/s
PN
c
ng
b
fOS
=
850
MHz
LNA
Mixer
Gii BPSK
BF
Lc vo
PLL
920 MHz

1,2288 Mc/s fIF = 70 MHz

Hnh 3.4 - S khi thu ti MS.

PN c ng b
fOS 850 MHz

PLL

Hnh 3.4 - S khi thu ti MS.

Tin tc

RF vo

RF ra

S khi b K LNA dng 3 tng FET.

tp m thp (Noise l tp m, khc vi nhiu l dng tn hiu l t ngun tn hiu khc ti interference) th c nhit b khuch i nh l n xng m. Bi No (mt ph cng sut tp m) th
t l vi kT (k: hng s Boltzman, T: nhit tuyt i, tnh theo Kenvin), cn P (cng sut tp m
nhit) = W.No, vi W l bng thng tn hiu thu.

Vi cc b khuch i thng thng th bn cnh vic khuch i tn hiu u vo n cn cng

thm c tp m nhit vo tn hiu lm cho S/N li ra b gim so vi li vo. Trong khi cc b
khuch i LNA do cng ngh ch to c bit (c nhit nh khi hot ng) nn khng cng thm
tp m m ch khuch i tn hiu li vo thi. iu ny dn n vic l nu cng vi mt tn hiu li
vo (bao gm tn hiu c ch v tp m+ nhiu thm vo do knh truyn) th LNA s cho tn hiu li ra
c S/N ln hn so vi b khuch i thng thng. V vy LNA thng c dng trong cc
trng hp tn hiu thu c b tn hao ln do knh truyn, S/N thp nh l trong thng tin v tinh...

LNA thng dng ngay st ng-ten thu l v NF (Noise Figure, c ngi dch l h s tp m) ca
tng u tin th c vai tr quyt nh ti NF ca ton h thng thu.
B LNA thng c t ngay sau Antenna v n c h s nhiu NF thp, li G cao. Khi , trong
cng thc FRIISS, khi ta tnh h s nhiu F cho ton h thng th khi G ca LNA cng ln v F cng
b (tng th 1) th dn n h s nhiu ton h thng cng b, iu ny gip ci thin t s SNR ca
tn hiu trc khi vo my thu.

HPA: mch khuch i cng sut cao

Trong thng tin di ng do c im thng tin truyn rt di v thng tin phi

truyn qua cc mi trng khc nhau do thng tin b hp th, suy hao Chnh
v vy, tn hiu mun truyn i xa th tn hiu cn phi c khuch i vi cng
sut ln bng b khch i cng sut ln HPA m bo cho cng sut bc x
b c c tn hao ng truyn v t c cng trng ln v tinh.
HPA thng c h s khuch i t 40-60 dB kt hp vi anten to ra cng
sut bc x ng hng (EIRP).

MIXER: b trn tn
Tn s sau khi qua trn tn khng phi l tn s tn hiu m l tn s trung gian hay cn gi l trung
tn ((c gi tr c nh). Trung tn c gi tr thp hn tn s tn hiu. Tn hiu trung tn sau i tn
c a ti gii iu ch. Mt s b thu FM, AM khng cn i tn m thc hin gii iu ch tn
s tn hiu hay cn gi l b thu siu ti sinh. B thu ny c nhc im l rt nhiu v khng tuyn
tnh trong sut di bng tn hiu. V th, ngi ta phi thc hin i tn s tn hiu thu c xung
thp hn (b thu i tn)
Tn s thu c trn anten chc chn l tn s tn hiu v tn s ny khc tn s trung gian. Tuy
nhin ta quan tm nht khng phi l tn hiu m l tin tc cha trong tn hiu. Trc khi trn tn th
cc b lc cng hng tn s tn hiu v cho tn hiu qua. Cn trn tn thc cht l lm thay i
tn s tn hiu v cc mc ch m bo h/s k,trn tn nhiu ln th ln u tin c th s trn tn ln
gim nhiu nh v nhiu trung gian. Tn hiu trung tn vn cha tin tc nh tn hiu u vo
anten.

1. Sau b trn tn phi c b lc loi b tn s nh v cc hi bc cao, sau mi a n

b khuch i cng sut ri a ra anten pht i.
2. Cng sut u ra b trn tn ty thuc vo cng sut tn hiu u vo IF, LO ca mixer v
ph thuc mixer l loi tch cc hay th ng. Cng sut ny c iu chnh c hay khng
ty thuc vo mch mixer thit k hoc theo datasheet IC ca nh sn xut.

Khng phi trn RF vi IF m l trn IF + sng sin c pht ra t oscillator hai sng ny trn vi
nhau (beating) to ra cc hi (harmonics) sau dng b lc ly ng ci hi tn s truyn.
u thu th li trn RF vi sng sin ly li IF.

Nhng mc ch chnh ca trn tn l chuyn tn hiu t tn s cao xung tn s thp hn vic

gii iu ch c th d dng thc hin v t kt qu tin cy hn.

Mc ch ca b dao ng ni-trn tn l lm thay i cc tn s sng mang RF a vo thnh mt

tn s trung tn IF chung, thay i tn s c th t c thng qua s trn knh hoc cng knh.
S cng knh l phng php s dng cho cc b knh TV. Mt transistor thc hin dao ng ni ti
tn s f0 = (39,5 MHz) + (tn s knh c chn fc). Trong qu trnh cng knh to ra 4 tnh phn c
bn:1 tng=f0 + fc,1 hiu=f0 - fc ,f0 v fc. u ra mch in cng knh thc hin chn hiu ca hai
tn s l f0 fc = 39,5 MHz bng cch s dng 1 b lc thng thp ti u ra ca b cng knh.

B lc bng thng:

Mch lc thng di cho qua cc tn s nm trong khong t

f 1 ti f2 v chn tt ccc tn s nm ngoi di ny. rng ca di thng
c tnh bng B = f1 f2, tn s trung tm fo = (f1.f2)^1/2