Global Competitiveness and

Strategic Alliances
Values

The defination of values

Values are beliefs that guide, actions and

judgments across variety of situations.
Milton Rokeach
Values are the constellations of likes and
dislikes, viewpoints, inner inclinations,
rational and irrational judgements, prejudices
and association patters that determine a
persons view of the world.
Edward Springer

Features of values

Values represent basic conviction that specify

mode of conduct is socially preferable to an
opposite mode of conduct
Values are manifested in thoughts, speech
and actions
Values are inherent in all cultures and
societies
Values guide people to take specific positions
on societal issues

Features of values

Values are relatively stable and enduring as

these are passed from one generation to
another
Values are the most central to the core of a
person
Values provide standards of morality

Types of values
Graves has identified seven values ranging
from the lowest (reactive) to the highest
(existential)
1 Reactive : Unaware of oneself and others as
human beings, reacts to basic physiological
need
2 Tribalistic: High degree of dependence,
strongly influenced by tradition and the power
exercised by authority figures: wants strong
directive leadership

Types of values
3 Egocentrism: Believes in rugged
individualism, aggressive and selfish,
responds primarily to power, desires
individual; responsibilities, wants to work
alone in an entrepreneurial style
4 Conformity: Lower tolerance for ambiguity,
difficulty in accepting people with divergent
values, desires
5 Manipulative: Strives to accomplish goals by
manipulating things and people, materialistic,
actively seeks status and recognition

Types of values
6 Sociocentric:Desires to be liked and go along
with others rather than get ahead, dislikes
materialism, manipulation and conformity,
seeks primarily the social relationship which a
job provides
7 Existential: High tolerance for ambiguity and
for people with divergent values, outspoken
on inflexible systems, seeks full expression of
growth

Types of values
Terminal
Is an ultimate goal or aim of a
person, it might include
comfortable life, family
security, sense of
accomplishment, self respect,
freedom
A Comfortable Life a
prosperous life
An Exciting Life a stimulating,
active life

Instrumental
Relates to the means for
achieving the desired outcome
or end

Obedient dutiful; respectful

Broad-minded open-minded

Formation of values

People indoctrinate values from their parents, teachers,

friends, media, television, radio, newspaper and all those
whom they admire and thus, try to follow.
Values are qualities that define people, organizations
and products / services at their most basic level. They
establish a foundation onto which expectations and trust
(or distrust), is built. Organizational leaders must take
responsibility for the values the organization and their
products / services and employees demonstrate. Taking
responsibility
for
planning
their
values
allows organizations to plan their corporate culture and
reputation with confidence.

Factors influencing formation of values

Family factors: parents

Social factors: school, religious, political
Cultural factors
Personal factors: intelligence, ability
Organizational Factors: peers, boss,
subordinate

Organizational values
I.

Communication-Up, down, and sideways within the company, with

customers and vendors, in terms of openness, frankness, clarity,
frequency, accuracy, timeliness, and brevity.

II.

Cooperation (Teamwork)-Among individuals, departments,

divisions, branches, and so on.

III.

Coordination-Horizontally between departments in terms of plans,

activities, and systems.

IV.

Standardization-In terms of forms, files, procedures, reports,

performance evaluations, equipment, training, recruitment,
orientations, communications, and so on.

Role of values in Global Competitiveness

Healthy competition is competition to improve

value for customers, or the quality of products
or services relative to their price.
Value-based competition is positive sum.
When value improves, both capable firms
and consumers benefit.
Competition must be based upon values
which generate results in the long run.

Thank You!