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Lp trnh hng i tng
Lp trnh nh hng i tng
Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
c xem l:
Cch tip cn mi, hiu qu hn
Gip tng nng sut
D dng bo tr, sa i, nng cp
Mc ch:
Gim bt thao tc vit trnh
M t chn thc th gii thc
Nhc im:
Khng s dng li c cc on m
Khng c kh nng kim sot phm vi truy xut d
liu
Mi d liu trong chng trnh l ton cc
D liu c th b sa i bt c v tr no trong
chng trnh.
Cc th tc c chung mt chc
nng c nhm li vi nhau
Mi m un c d liu ca ring
n
Lp trnh cu trc
Ra i vo nhng nm 70:
Chng trnh c chia nh thnh chng trnh con:
Th tc (Procedure)
Hm (Function)
Cc chng trnh con:
c lp vi nhau v c d liu ring
Trao i qua: tham s v bin ton cc
Lp trnh cu trc
Ch :
u im:
Nhc im:
10
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Khng kim sot c s thay i d liu khi c nhiu chng trnh con
cng thay i mt bin chung.
Khng tit kim c ti nguyn.
ng gi d liu (hn ch truy cp). (Th hin vic tru tng ha, ng
goi vo cc lp)
Cho php s dng li m ngun (Th hin vic k tha).
12
13
14
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L h thng c c im sau:
Gm tp hp cc i tng
S ng gi ca 2 thnh phn:
Thng bo
Gi & nhn thng bo
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i tng (Object)
C th l mt thc th vt l.
C th l mt khi nim tru tng.
Human entities:Employees, Students, Customers, Salespeople.
User-defined data types:Time,Angles,Complex numbers,Points on the plane
c nh ngha l s th hin ca mt lp
Chnh l cc thc th trong h thng c xc nh bi ba yu t:
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Phng thc l:
Cc hm ni ti ca i tng
C kiu tr v
Tn gi khc: hm thnh vin
18
Lp (Class)
Lp l mt khi nim, mang tnh tru tng, dng biu din
mt tp cc i tng
VD: Trong bi ton qun l bun bn xe hi, mi chic xe l mt i tng,
khi nim Xe hi l lp i tng ch tt c i tng xe hi.
Ch :
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Lp v i tng
Lp v i tng, mc d c mi lin htng ng ln nhau,
nhng bn cht li khc nhau:
Lp l stru tng ho ca cc i tng. Trong khi , i
tng l mt thhin calp.
i tng l mt thc thcth, c thc, tn ti trong h
thng. Trong khi , lp l mtkhi nim tru tng, chtn
ti dng khi nim m tcc c tnh chung ca mt
si tng.
Tt ccc i tng thuc vcng mt lp c cng cc thuc
tnh v cc phng thc.
Mt lp l mt nguyn mu ca mt i tng. N xc
nh
cc hnh ng khthi v ccthuc tnh cn thit cho mt
nhm cc i tng cth
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Tru tng ha
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Truyn thng ip
Thng ip:
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S ng gi
Khi nim:
L c ch rng buc d liu v cc thao tc trn d liu
thnh th thng nht.
ng gi gm:
Bao gi: ngi dng giao tip vi h thng qua giao din
Che du: ngn chn cc thao tc khng c php t bn
ngoi
u im:
Qun l s thay i
Bo v d liu
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S k tha
Khi nim:
Kh nng cho php xy dng lp mi c tha hng
cc thuc tnh ca lp c
c im:
Lp nhn c c th b sung cc thnh phn
Hoc nh ngha l cc thuc tnh ca lp cha
Cc loi k tha:
n k tha
a k tha
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S a hnh
Cho php cc lp c nh ngha cc phng thc
trng nhau: cng tn, cng s lng v kiu tham s,
cng kiu tr v. Vic nh ngha phng thc trng
nhau ca cc lp k tha nhau cn c gi l s np
chng phng thc.
Khi gi cc phng thc trng tn, da vo i tng
ang gi m chng trnh s thc hin phng thc
ca lp tng ng, v do , s cho cc kt qu khc
nhau
V d: Lp ngi, lp nhn vin, lp sinh vin u c
phng thc Show().
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Bc 1: M t bi ton
Bc 2: c t yu cu
Bc 3: Trch chn i tng
Bc 4: M hnh ho lp i tng
Bc 5: Thit k tng qut
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u im ca OOP
u im chnh:
Loi b cc on m lp li
To ra cc chng trnh an ton, bo mt
D dng m rng v nng cp
Rt ngn thi gian xy dng h thng
Tng nng sut v hiu qu hn
Chng trnh c thit k theo ng qui
trnh
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Mt s ngn ng OOP
Ngn ng lp trnh C++
Ngn ng lp trnh ASP.NET v
C#.NET
Ngn ng lp trnh Java
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Cu hi n tp
Th no l lp trnh phi cu trc?
Th no l lp trnh c cu trc?
Th no l lp trnh hng i tng?
Th no l Lp v i tng?
Cc c tnh ca lp trnh hng i tng?
Tru tng ha l g? im ch ?
Tnh ng gi?
Tnh k tha?
Tnh a hnh?
Cc ngn ng h tr lp trnh hng i tng?