Gio trnh V M Thut

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

GIO TRNH V M THUT 1

V BT ST
TI LIU THAM KHO DNH CHO SINH VIN HC NGNH
KIN TRC

BIN SON: GV. HS. TRN VN TM

NNG, 2007

TRN VN TM

Gio trnh V M Thut

CHNG 1

CC KHI NIM CHUNG V V M THUT.

1. PHN BIT V K THUT VI V M THUT.
1.1 . V k thut:
V k thut i hi s chnh xc cao, nt v phi u, sc so, r rng, c
th v tng loi nt cng nh kch c ca nt, bi mc ch ca v k thut l
khi c bn v, c th lm ra c sn phm ging ht nh trong bn v.
V vy, v k thut thng phi dng n cc loi thc k, cc loi bt
v chuyn dng c u ngi to, nh khc nhau. V d nh v thit k kin
trc, v thit k my mc
1.2. V m thut:
V m thut phi linh hot, sng to, nt v sinh ng, phng khong
theo cm xc ca ngi v, bi mc ch ca v m thut ngoi th hin ci
p cn gi gm c tm trng ca ngi v.
V vy, v m thut thng dng cc loi bt v linh hot v nt, ph
hp vi tng cht liu mu v v khng dng thc k. V d nh v tnh vt,
phong cnh, v sng tc
2. PHN BIT V HNH HA VI V TRANG TR.
2.1. V hnh ha:
V hnh ha l mn hc c bn ca m thut, l v nguyn cu nhng
mu c nh, v trung thc vi mu.
V v nguyn cu nn cn v lu, v k, v mc ch ca hnh ha l rn
luyn c quan st, nm c cu trc mu v k nng th hin bn v.
2.2. V trang tr:
V trang tr l mn hc c bn ca m thut, l v khng hon ton l
thuc vo mu m ch da trn c s thc t ca mu ri cch iu, h cu,
sng to theo ca ngi v.
3. CC CHT LIU V M THUT.
Cht liu v m thut rt phong ph. Tt c cc loi cht liu, vt liu g c
th to ra vt tch th u c th c dng v. Tuy nhin, cc cht liu m
thng s dng l mu bt, mu nc, sn du, ch, bt st, mc nho, than, phn
mu, sp mu, sn mi Mi cht liu u c v p ring, u c sc hp dn
ring.

TRN VN TM

Gio trnh V M Thut

H1. V k thut: Chi tit my.

H2. V k thut: Bn trang im.

H3. V m thut: T Bi Hng,

nga phi, mc nho.

TRN VN TM

H4. V m thut: R.Hanna, phong cnh,

mu nc.

Gio trnh V M Thut

H6. V trang tr: Bi v SV, Trang tr

hnh trn, mu bt.
H5. V hnh ha: L Vn Cng, 04KT-HBK
Nng, Tng ton thn, bt st, A4.

H7. Cht liu sn mi: Bnh phong.

H8. Cht liu sn du: Tiepolo, Thnh Filippo

v c M vi Cha hi ng, 1739-1740.
H9. Cht liu mu bt: Trn Vn Tm,
Ph c Hi An, 40x55cm, 2001.

TRN VN TM

Gio trnh V M Thut

H10. Hai hnh trn: C. Moor, bn tri: bt ch. Bn phi: bt d en.

Hnh di bn tri: D. Sneary, ch mu. Hnh di bn phi: P. Marovich, phn mu.

H11. Hnh trn bn tri: S. Gordon, marker v bt d. Hnh trn bn phi: R. Hanna, mu nc.
Hnh di bn tri: G. Mellenbruch, tempera. Hnh di bn phi: C. Caple, phun mu.

TRN VN TM

Gio trnh V M Thut

CHNG 2

V U CT KIN TRC C
1. CHT LIU BT ST V CCH V.
1.1. nh ngha:
V vi cng c l bt v c u ngi bng kim loi, dng vi mc en.

H13. N. DaNa, k ha nt.

H12. Bi v SV, cng ph cha ng Lm, H Ty.

1.2. Mc ch ca vic hc v bt st:

Gip sinh vin kin trc nm c nhng
k thut c bn v cht liu bt st phc v
cho vic v k ha hay phc tho sng
tc kin trc sau ny.
1.3. Cc loi bt v mc v:
1.3.1. Ngi bt v:
- Bt my: Loi bt ny r, tin li,
c th m t kin trc tt, nt u.
- Bt my k ha: u ngi bt
c ct cho, cng c loi u ngi bt
cu to ht trn, c th biu hin c
nhiu cch v khc nhau.
TRN VN TM

H14. Bt st.

Gio trnh V M Thut

- Bt kim: C th thay u bt c cc s khc nhau, thch hp vi vic gia

cng hoc chnh l cc bn v k ho, tuy nhin d b hng.
1.3.2. Mc v:
Mc mu en, dng lng v c cha trong cc l, bnh.
Loi mc ny c bn rng ri trn th trng, tuy nhin ngi v nn chn
loi khng c ng cn trnh trng hp tt hay nhanh kh mc thng rt
hay gp phi.

H16. Nghin mc

H17. L mc nho.

H15. Thi mc nho.

1.4.

Phng php v:

Cch v bt st rt linh hot, mi ngi c mt cch ring th hin, song

thng thng khi th hin cc m nht ngi ta hay dng nt an trnh b
bt nh: an vung, an qu trm, an mt co... ging nh phng php v
bt ch hc. Nhng v tnh cht ng nt ca bt st l r rng, u v m
nn d to s tng phn mnh lit gia mu en ca mc v trng ca giy v.
Tuy cch din t bng bt st l rt phong ph nhng cng cn nn tun th
theo nhng bc c bn sau:
- Chn cnh, chn gc v, chn b cc m ta cho l p nht ri phn
tch, nhn xt, so snh i tng v t cc gc khc nhau, mc ch thc tnh
trong mnh linh cm th hin, tm ti ngn t sng to, t phng php v s
c ny sinh v sau mi theo cch ngh ca ngi v bt u v.
TRN VN TM

Gio trnh V M Thut

- Phc s b tng th hnh, v tng qut nhng nt chnh ca hnh, v vy khi

phc cn v nh tay d sa hnh nu sai. Trong khi phc hnh cn kt hp gia
o v c lng, so snh.
- Nu l c t, v su th cn kim tra v chnh hnh sau khi dng.
- i su khc ha, tm ra mt cch th hin thch hp cho mnh v nh sng,
bng , sng ti. C th l tm nhng mng ti, ln v trc v nhn tng quan
chung chnh l, tng m dn ln.
- Khi m nht c chuyn thch hp, hi ho th nhn mnh thm
cho phn trng tm, nhng v tr gn v lm m i nhng v tr xa to chiu
su ca khng gian. Mun hng s ch ca ngi xem vo phn trng tm th
cn x l en trng tng phn mnh lit.
i vi ngi v mi tip xc vi cht liu bt st hoc phn dng hnh
cha c vng vng, th nn dng hnh khi qut bng ch trc ri sau mi
dng n bt st t bng.
2. V U CT KIN TRC C.

H18. Vnh Xun Quang, 01KT-HBK N, 2001

TRN VN TM

Gio trnh V M Thut

H19. H Vn Phc, 2007.

H20. Phm Huy, 05KT-HBK N, 2005.

TRN VN TM

Gio trnh V M Thut

H21, Phm Ngc Vinh Dng, 2007.

H22.H Tuyn, 2006.

TRN VN TM

10

Gio trnh V M Thut

CHNG 3

V TNG THCH CAO TON THN.

1. S LC V GII PHU C TH NGI:
1.1. Cu to xng:
1.1.1. Cu trc xng s:
+ Ton b xng u c 22 xng gm 8 s v 14 mt. Ring xng
quai hm di c ng c.
+ Xng s ngi mt trc c hnh bu dc, trn to di nh.
+ Cu trc xng s cc la tui u c s khc nhau. Tr em cng nh
th phn hp s cng ln so vi t l u v cho n khi trng thnh th
n nh v hon chnh, cn i.

H23. Xng u ca ba la tui: Tr con, trng thnh, ngi gi.

TRN VN TM

11

Gio trnh V M Thut

1.1.2. Xng mnh v tay chn:

+ Xng ct sng: Gm
24 t chnh, ngn,
chng khp ln nhau.
Phn t trn cng gn
vi xng s, phn di
cng c 5 t gn thnh
mt khi lin tam gic
gi l t sng cng, gn
vi xng chu. Nhn
nghing ta thy hnh ch
S.
H24. Xng s nhn mt trc v sau.

+ Xng sn: Gm nhiu on xng c hnh cong, mt u bm vo

xng c, u kia gn vi xng ct sng to thnh mt hnh lng. C 2
xng khng gn vo xng c m ch gn vo ct sng, gi l xng ct.

H25. Xng phn thn nhn mt trc.

TRN VN TM

12

Gio trnh V M Thut

+ Xng n (xng
n gnh): Nm trn
phn vai pha trc.
Mt u xng n
gn vo u trn ca
xng c, u kia gi
ln xng b vai.

H26. Xng n gnh bn phi nhn mt trc v trn.

+ Xng b vai: Nm pha sau vai gia hai bn ct sng.

H27. Xng phn thn nhn mt sau.

TRN VN TM

13

Gio trnh V M Thut

+ Xng chu: C hnh nh con bm, nm phn cui ca xng ct

sng. Xng chu ca nam hp phn trn v cao, n th rng phn trn v
thp.
+ Xng tay: Gm xng cnh tay mi bn mt lng gn khp vi xng
b vai. Xng cng tay c 2 xng, xng ln l xng tr v xng nh
l xng quay. Xng c tay c 8 xng con kt thnh hai hng. Xng
bn tay gm c nhiu t nh khp vi nhau to nn bn tay vi cc ngn
tay. Phn trn gm 5 xng di khp vi xng c tay.

H28. Xng tay.

H 29. Xng chn.

+ Xng chn: Gm mi bn mt xng i khp vi xng chu;

xng cng chn gm 2 xng l xng chy di v to, xng m nh v
mnh. Xng c chn c 7 xng xp thnh hai hng v to nht l xng
gt chn. Xng bn chn gm nhiu t to nh khc nhau, k tip nhau
to thnh xng bn chn c 5 ngn.
TRN VN TM

14

Gio trnh V M Thut

1.2. Cu to c:
1.2.1. Cc c chnh trn mt v c:
+ Mt trc: Gm cc c chnh:
- C trn.
- C vng mt.
- C vng mm v
c cm.
+ Mt bn: Gm cc
c chnh:
- C thi dng.
- C quai hm.
- C c: C 2 c
chnh ko t sau tai
xung n ch lm
gia c. Ngoi ra
cn c phn sn
trc c gi l
"hu".

H30. C mt.

1.2.2. C mnh:
+ Mt trc: Gm cc c chnh:
- C ngc
- C bng v c rng ca.
+ Mt sau: Gm cc c chnh:
- C lng v c thang.
- Hai c mng ln.
TRN VN TM

15

Gio trnh V M Thut

H31. C mnh mt trc.

TRN VN TM

16

Gio trnh V M Thut

H32. C mnh mt sau.

TRN VN TM

17

Gio trnh V M Thut

H33. Cc c v phc hnh khi bn thn.

TRN VN TM

18

Gio trnh V M Thut

1.2.3. C tay: Gm c
cc c chnh: C b vai,
c cnh tay, c c tay
v c bn tay.

H34. C tay nhn mt trc.

H37. C tay nhn mt sau.

TRN VN TM

19

Gio trnh V M Thut

1.2.4. C chn: Gm c cc c chnh: C i, c bp chn v c mu

bn chn.

H35. C chn v v nguyn cu.

TRN VN TM

20

Gio trnh V M Thut

1.3. T l ngi ln:

T 16 tui n 60 tui th mt gia mt. Nhng qu 60 tui th mt li bt
u thp xung do xng quai
hm thp xung v cc c b
nho nn mi di ra, m t l
t mi n cm li ngn i.
C th pht trin hon
thin v cn i. T l cn i
1
nu cho l p l 7 u , tuy
2
nhin gia nam v n cng c
cht t khc nhau phn hng
v vai.
1.4. T l ngi Chu ,
Chu u:
Do v tr a l, sinh
hot, kh hu v dng ging...
nn t l ca con ngi trn
th gii: cao, thp, bo, gy
cng khc nhau. Nhn chung
th chiu cao trung bnh ca
ngi Chu l t 6 n 7
u, cn ngi Chu u l 7
n 8 u.

H37.

Gi

TRN VN TM

Trng thnh

H36. T l c th so vi chiu cao ca u.

Thiu nin

Nhi ng

Cn b

21

Gio trnh V M Thut

2. PHNG PHP DNG HNH TNG TON THN:

- Cng ging nh khi ta v tng chn dung, trc khi v cn quan st k
c im chung ca mu nh: t th, hnh dng v nhng c im khc..
- D kin b cc ri tm im tt cng trn v di ca tng. Tm
ng trc dc i qua hm c. Ly chiu cao u ca chnh bc tng lm
chun ri dng que o tm s u tng theo chiu cao, chiu rng ca
tng.
- Dng dy di kt hp vi que o tm khung ca u, tm cc im c
bit khc nh hai u v, hai vai, khuu tay. Cc im mng, u gi, bn
tay, bn chn...
- Da vo nhng im trn, kt hp tm cc ng hng ngang, dc,
cho theo t th ca mu phc nhng ng thng to c t l khi qut
chung cho ton thn. Cng lc hoc sau , dng que o v di kim tra th
dng v t l ca tng. c bit, nu tng t th ngh th ng di t c
phi ri ng gt chn tr.
- Phc ng cong ca hnh, v chi tit c th.
- Khi lm xong phn trn, c th bc sang giai on nng cao c tnh
ngh thut, tc l din t nt m nht v bng, nhm t khi v t cht.

H38. Tm khung b.
TRN VN TM

H39. Tm trc ng v t l u.

22

Gio trnh V M Thut

H40. Tm khung u v cc im c bit.

H42. Phc hnh chi tit bng ng cong.

TRN VN TM

H41. Ni cc im bng ng thng.

H43. V bng din t m, nht, sng.

23

Gio trnh V M Thut

3. BI V CA SINH VIN NGNH KIN TRC:

3.1. Tng ton thn.

H44. L Vn Cng, 04KT-HBK N, 2004.

TRN VN TM

24

Gio trnh V M Thut

H45. L Ng Nht Phng, 01KT- HBK N, 2001.

TRN VN TM

25

Gio trnh V M Thut

H46. Nguyn Khnh Linh, 05KT- HBK N, 2005.

TRN VN TM

26

Gio trnh V M Thut

H47. Trn V Tin, 05KT- HBK N, 2005.

TRN VN TM

27

Gio trnh V M Thut

H48. Nguyn Th Lan Hng, 2007.

TRN VN TM

28

Gio trnh V M Thut

3.2. Tng bn thn tham kho.

H49. Ng Th Thng, 2007.

TRN VN TM

29

Gio trnh V M Thut

H50. Lu Cng Tin, 2007.

TRN VN TM

30

Gio trnh V M Thut

CHNG 4

V PHONG CNH
1. PHNG PHP CHN CNH:
Tu theo tnh hung m chn cnh theo yu cu hoc theo thch. Tuy
nhin phi c mt ci chung nht l gc nhn phi gy c cm xc m c
a s chp nhn. C th l phong cnh , gc nhn phong ph v mng, v
hnh, c nhp iu, lm vui mt nhng khng b ri, khng b chung chung, u
u v mng khi v ng nt.
Ngi xung, ng ln hoc thay i v tr nhn tm ra mt cnh, mt b
cc p nht, gy cm xc nht.
2. PHNG PHP CT CNH:
Ging nh trong b phn ngm hnh ca my nh c khung hnh ch nht
(c ng dc ngang hnh ch thp gia), chnh l "ct" c cnh.
Phng tin ct cnh ca chng ta l mt ming ba cng c chic b th tr
hnh ch nht gia c 8cm x 5cm. C th cng thm ch en gia, dc, ngang
v ly giy dn ln u dy gi cho dy khng x dch. a tm ba ln ngang
tm mt v nhn qua l thng ct cnh.
Nh c ng dy ch hnh ch thp nn trnh c mt s trng hp c
bit theo nguyn tc b cc sau:

H51. Ct cnh bng ming ba.

TRN VN TM

31

Gio trnh V M Thut

+ Khng c chia i theo chiu ngang cng nh chiu dc.

+ Khng t hnh trng tm (ch im) vo ng ng dc gia ca
ng dy ch thp.
+ Bn gc ca bc tranh l cc im "cht", nn khng b tr con ng t
y ra hoc mt gc cy hay mt hn ...
+ Khng ct dc thn cy v tr mp tranh, hoc mt cy tr in hay
mp tng nh...
Ngoi ra, n gin c th dng hai bn tay ct cnh.
3. PHNG PHP V CY, NH, NC:
3.1. V cy:
Ngi xa ni 4 ci kh nht khi v thin nhin l: nht mc (cy), nh nhn
(ngi), tam vn (my), t iu (chim). V vy:
+ Cn nguyn cu, quan st k cc dng cy, cc tn l v nhng c im
ring ca tng loi cy v sao cho n gin m vn nhn ra c l
loi cy g.
V d:
- Cy nhn vm l c hnh trn.
- Cy thng vm l c hnh chp.
- Cy bng vm l c hnh tn.

H52. Cu to cc cnh cy, cc vm l.

TRN VN TM

32

Gio trnh V M Thut

+ Khi v cy khng nn ta k tng l m quy vo mng v khi ln, tr

trng hp cn c t mt s l gn. Cu lu cc khong trng trn vm
l, nu khng s d b b, ri nh ng rm...

H53. V tn cy c: xa-gn, sng-ti.

H54. V cy c nhng khong trng trong vm l.

+ Trong qu trnh v nn lc gim bt nhng g m chng ta cm thy tha

m a vo tranh khng p. ng thi cng c th nng cao, thp hay x
dch cy cht t.
+ Mi loi cy khc nhau th chiu hng bt php v cng nn thay i
to s phong ph v vui mt.

H55. Bt php khc nhau khi din ha cc loi cy khc nhau.

TRN VN TM

33

Gio trnh V M Thut

3.2. V nh:
+ Chn gc nhn p.
+ i vi nh kiu hin i, ch n vic t cht ca b tng, gch, ngi,
tn, ...
+ i vi nh c xa, bng tre l th cng ch n vic t cht .
+ Tm nhng mng ti, sng, bng chnh l m - nht hp l. Lu
n php phi cnh.

H56. (a). Dick Breary; (b). Michael: Din t phi cnh,nh sng, bng , cht liubng hai bt
php khc nhau.
TRN VN TM

34

Gio trnh V M Thut

3.3. Phng php v sng, nc:

Nghin cu v nhn xt tng trng thi ca sng, nc trc khi v, bi v
chnh n th hin thi tit, vn vt xung quanh.
Bng di nc th khng bao gi m hay sng bng hnh vt trn b
chiu xung. Do m hnh cc bng di nc v m v khng v ng vin
chu vi.
Mt nc tnh th bng di nc tng i r rng, nhng khi c gi, sng
gn ln tn th bng s b t on, mo m v s lp lnh mt tri nu c
nng.
ng nt v cng rt quan trng trong khi t cht sng, nc. Dng nt thng
t trn xung d to cm gic su. Dng nt ngang d to cm gic tri rng
mnh mng v dng nt cong, xon d gi ra sng.

H57. Kant, m chy: Nt cong gi nn la khi cun cun chy, tng phn vi nt ngang gi s
yn tnh, mnh mng ca mt h.

H58. Nt cong gi sng nhp nh.

H59. Savatri, trch chuyn k 10 ngy:
Nt cong gi khi.

TRN VN TM

35

Gio trnh V M Thut

4. BI V PHONG CNH CA SINH VIN NGNH KIN TRC.

H640 Nguyn Nht Huy, 01KT- HBK N, Cng Cha, 2001.

TRN VN TM

36

Gio trnh V M Thut

H61. L Trng Di H, 05KT- HBK N, Mt gc khu A, 2005.

TRN VN TM

37

Gio trnh V M Thut

H62. Trn H L, 05KT- HBK N, K ha mt gc vn, 2005.

TRN VN TM

38

Gio trnh V M Thut

H63. Trn ng Khoa, 02KT- HBK N, Cha, 2002.

H64. K ha ca SV H Phng ng, Cha Ma, ng Lm, H Ty, 2006.

TRN VN TM

39

Gio trnh V M Thut

H65. Bi v SV, Cng mt ngi nh c lng Mng Ph, ng Lm, H Ty. 2006.

H66. Bi v SV, K ha mt gc lng Mng Ph, H Ty.

TRN VN TM

40

Gio trnh V M Thut

5. MT S TRANH PHONG CNH THAM KHO V CCH DIN

T KHC.

H67. Din ha phi cnh kin trc.

H68. Kerry, bt st.

TRN VN TM

41

Gio trnh V M Thut

H69. Nhng con nai, v bng nt chm.

H70. Chn dung Lep Tolstoy, k ha nt.

TRN VN TM

H71. Senraifanin,Chn dung C. Browson, v chm,1974.

42

Gio trnh V M Thut

H72. Rod Henmi, bt st v nc.

H73. Robert Hanna, bt st m mu nc.

TRN VN TM

43

Gio trnh V M Thut

6. NG DNG BT ST TRONG DIN HA KIN TRC.

H74. Cu to cc tn cy v l.

H75. Phi cnh ni tht, bt st m bt d mu.

TRN VN TM

44

Gio trnh V M Thut

H76. Chad Moor, v phi cnh kin trc.

H77. Rod Henmi, K ha kin trc.

H90. Din ha ngi .

TRN VN TM

45

Gio trnh V M Thut

H91. Russell Stutle, bt st v mu nc.

TRN VN TM

46