*

310027

O341

Email: squ@zju.edu.cn

Gleiter
Gleiter 1989, Gleiter 1995, Gleiter 2000

100nm

6
Wang et al. 2002

<0.5%

2004
Lu et al. 2004 2009
(Lu et al. 2009Chen

Chen et al., 2003Shan

Shan et al. 2008Jang Greer 100nm

2.25GPa 25% Jang &
Greer 2010

2.

2.1

1
2

24mJ/m
2

625mJ/m
111 112 112 111

10 12 10 11

1122 1 123 (Christian 1995)

1 (Lu et al.2009)MatrixTwin

(Lu
et al. 2004)(You
et al. 2011, You et al. 2013)

(Hong et al. 2010)

3.8
Tian et al. 2013
Greer Mao 1nm
(Jang et al. 2012, Wang et al. 2013),
2

2 (Lu et al. 2009, Bufford et al. 2011,

Jang et al. 2012, Wang et al. 2013) CTBITB
Twins
Lu
Lu & You 2014Wei
Wei 2014

Hall-Petch
Huang 2014

(Lu et al.
2009, Li et al. 2010)Li

1 y
d

y 1 2

y ln d

y 1 ln

y 1

(You et al. 2013) 3

CLS (Misra et al. 2005, Li & Zhang

2010)

5nm
jog (Zhou et al. 2014)

f pin

0 ,

bf

jog M

f pin 0
bf M Taylor

3 (Zhou et al. 2014)

4 (Zhou et al. 2014)

(Jin et al. 2006, Jin

et al. 2008, Wang & Sui 2009, Chassagne et al. 2011, Ezaz et al. 2011,
Zhu et al. 2011)Jin

 5a2
5b

5 (Jin et al. 2006)

6 (Jin et al. 2008, Wang & Sui 2009)

Luo
20nm

7 (Luo et al. 2014) GT

Li
(Li et al.
2014a, 2014b, 2014c)
8 20 70

 8 (Li et al. 2014) SB cracking:

TB crackingAngle between the TB plane and the
load direction:

2.2

Zhang & Zhu 2014Zhang et al. 2014

9
10

9 Misra et al. 2005

10 Zhang & Zhu 2014

Strength:

11 (Misra et al. 2005)


Hall-Petch
y h 1 2 100nm

CLS (Misra et al. 2005, Li & Zhang 2010)

11 (Misra et al.
2005) Strength: Layer thickness: Interface crossing:
Deformation involves glide of single dislocations confined to
individual layers: Deformation assisted
by mechanical advantage of dislocation pile-ups
Dislocation bowingFew nm to a few tens of nm
Sub-microns to micronsDislocation pile-up

(Hoagland et al.

2004, Li & Zhang 2010)(Koehler 1970)

(Hoagland et al. 2002)(Rao & Hazzledine 2000, Zhu et al. 2008,
Li et al. 2009)

1 3 1 2 Cu-Nb h 2 5nm 2.5GPa

Misra et al. 2005
Yan Cu/Au

12(Yan et al. 2013)

12 Cu/Au (Yan et al. 2013)

Dislocation-interface reactions: -

2.3

1984

Ti/Al2O3
Zhang

(Zhang et al. 2006)

Fang
(Fang et al. 2011)
13

Wei
(Wei et al. 2014)

14

13 (Fang et al. 2011)

Engineering stress: Engineering strain: GNG foil
CG bar-4.5 mm-4.5 mmGNG/CG bar/

14 (Wei et al. 2014) True stress

True strain

2.4

1960 Klement Au-Si (Klement

et al. 1960)
Co 6.0GPa

Spaepen
(Spaepen 1977) Argon STZ
( Argon 1979

STZ

Wang Cu-Zr
Wang et al. 2007 Johnson
(Hays et al. 2000, Hofmann et al. 2008)

1/2

1.2-1.5GPa 10% K1C 170 MPam

-2

G1C 340 kJm Hofmann et al. 2008

15 /

15 (Hofmann et al. 2008)

3.

3.1

NVE
NVT NPT

EAM Daw &

Baskes 1984 EAM

Ei

1
U rij rij

2 j i
j i

U r i

16

 16
Virial Egami et al. 1980;
Chen & Yip 1991

1 1
1 1

mi vi vi i
r r
i 2
2 r r

r rij

i i
i mi vi

rij i j
i i i
Zimmerman 2000; Zimmerman et al. 2001

i i0 Det Fi

i0 i Fi i
i

-1

-1

10 s 10 s

NPT Parrinello & Rahman 1981

Honeycutt & Andersen 1987

ijkl
i j
k l
fcc
12 1421 hcp 6 1421 6 1422
Mises Shimizu et al. 2007
STZ
Mises
Mises

1
2
Tr m I
2

Mises

Mises

0.03 STZ

Mises Cheng et al. 2009

1
N

N
i 1

Mises 2
(iMises ave
)

N iMises i Mises iMises

Mises

3.2

1fs

Marian et al. 2004Olmsted

et al. 2011Swygenhoven et al., 2004Schiotz et al.
2003, Li et al. 2009,Li 2014Li et al. 2010, Jin et al. 2008
Rao & Hazzledine 2000, Shao & Medyanik 2010
Cao et al. 2009
Lu et al. 2011(Li & Ghoniem 2009, Zhou et al. 2012)
Kulkarani et al. 2009; Zhou et al. 2010Zhu et al. 2012
Holian & Lomdahl 1998

3.2.1


(Wang et al.
2013)

0.63nm

(Cao & Wei

2007, Li et al. 2010, Stukowski et al. 2010, Qu & Zhou 2010)2007
Cao 17(Cao & Wei
2007)Cao <110>
35nm 536000
= 3.1 11.3nm

 17 (Cao & Wei 2007) True

stress: True strain: Sampletwin free

(Lu et al. 2009, Li et al. 2010,Wei 2011)Li

Li
18

Hall-Petch
Wei
1/2

d
-1/2

Lu Li

 18 (Li et al. 2010) Stress:

Strain: Average flow stress: Twin-boundary
spacing: Yield stress
Qu
0.01nm/ps
V ( r ) A R r R r A 267nNnm 2
3

R r R 4nm r
19(Qu & Zhou 2010)

 19 (Qu & Zhou 2010) Indenter force:

Indentation depth

Zhou
(Zhou et al. 2010) 80nm120nm1.99nm
26 20nm 1730000
13nm I
1nm

201
23

20 (Zhou et al. 2010)

Zhu Zhu et al. 2007
climbing image nudged elastic band(CINEB)
21absorption 0.49eV

 direct transmission 0.67eV

Zhu
780MPa
3

24-44b 0.013-0.023

Zhu absorption-desorption-transmissionADT
22 JtmsJabs Jdes 1 2
1 2 ,int

int

0 d h d b int h d

21 -Zhu et al. 2007Absorption:

Desorption: Direct transmission:

 22 ADT Zhu et al. 2007

Absorption-Desorption-Transmission kinetics for interfacial dislocation
density int evolution: --
Atomistic calculation: Expt measurement:
strain-rate sensitivity: strain-hardening coefficient:

Sansoz
(Afanasyev & Sansoz 2007, Deng & Sansoz 2009a, Deng
& Sansoz 2009b, Deng & Sansoz 2010, Wood & Sansoz 2012)
231

2
y 1
3

 23 (Deng & Sansoz 2009a, Deng &

Sansoz 2009b, Deng & Sansoz 2010, Wood & Sansoz 2012) Tensile stress:
Uniaxial strain: TBSCRSS:
Number of twins per unit length

3.2.2

Wang Cu/Nb
24(Wang et al. 2008) Cu/Nb

Wang (Wang et al.

2009)Wang (Wang et al. 2012)
Cu/Nb


24 Cu/Nb (Wang et al. 2008)
Wang Cu-Zr
1.09 GPa 13.8%Wang et al. 2007
/
25
/

25

/Wang et al. 2007STZs triggerd by

dislocation activity near ACI-

independent STZsACI sliding: -


Abdolrahim
(Abdolrahim et al. 2014)

Hall-Petch
CLS
5nm
26Abdolrahim

26 (Abdolrahim et al. 2014) L: h:

3.2.3

Zhou
(Zhou & Qu 2014) 27
20%

28

Zhou

0.47 nm , -,
. 29 , . ,
, ,
, 1 nm
,

27

28 (Zhou & Qu 2014)

 29 (Zhou & Qu 2014) Force:

Displacement: Fine: Coarse:
Indentation at fine surface: Dislocations
Indentation at coarse surface: Elastic deformation:

3.2.4

Zhou (Zhou et al. 2013)

STZ

 STZ
30

30 STZ Zhou et al. 2013

Zhou / STZ
31 17% 18%
17%
31a

45 17.28%/
31b STZ
STZ
STZ
31c 18%
31d

 31 Zhou et al., 2013

Zhou
(Zhou et al. 2014) 32a 3.27at.%
12% 10nm

32b 3.43at.% 18%

STZ

33 0
8% 0

STZ

32 (Zhou et al. 2014)

33 Mises (Zhou et al. 2014) Fluctuation of local

Mises strain : Mises Atomic percent of pre-existing

shear band: Density

cr STZ 34
9.1%
34a 3.94GPa
9.8% 34
b 3.73GPa 3.73GPa
3.94GPa

34

(Zhou et al. 2014)

Wang
Al88Fe7Gd5Wang et
al. 2013

35

 36
STZ

STZ
Wang

35 Wang et al. 2013Cycle

36 Wang et al. 2013After 275

cycles: 275 monotonic loading: GlassCrystal:

Atomic fraction: D : Average D :

Cycle number: Average grain size

4.

3
/

111722641122221811321202

[1] Afanasyev K A, Sansoz F. 2007. Strengthening in gold nanopillars with nanoscale

twins. Nano Letters, 7: 2056-2062.
[2] Argon A S. 1979. Plastic deformation in metallic glasses. Acta Metallurgica, 27:
47-58.
[3] Abdolrahim N, Zbib H M, Bahr D F. 2014. Multiscale modeling and simulation
of deformation in nanoscale metallic multilayer systems. International Journal of
Plasticity. 52: 33-50.
[4] Bufford D, Wang H, Zhang X. 2011. High strength, epitaxial nanotwinned Ag
films. Acta Materialia, 59: 93-101.
[5] Cao A J, Cheng Y Q, Ma E. 2009. Structural processes that initiate shear
localization in metallic glass. Acta Materialia, 57: 5146-5155.
[6] Chassagne M, Legros M, Rodney D. 2011. Atomic-scale simulation of screw
dislocation/coherent twin boundary interaction in Al, Au, Cu and Ni. Acta
Materialia, 59: 1456-1463.
[7] Christian J W, Mahajan S. 1995. Deformation twinning. Progress in Materials
Science, 39: 1-157.
[8] Chen K S, Yip S. 1991. Atomic-level stress in an inhomogeneous system. Journal
of Applied Physics, 70: 5688-5690.
[9] Cheng Y Q, Cao A J, Ma E. 2009. Correlation between the elastic modulus and
the intrinsic plastic behavior of metallic glasses : the roles of atomic
configuration and alloy composition. Acta Materialia, 57: 3253-3267.
[10]Deng C, Sansoz F. 2009a. Near-ideal strength in gold nanowires achieved through
microstructural design. ACS Nano, 3: 3001-3008.
[11]Deng C, Sansoz F. 2009b. Repulsive force of twin boundary on curved
dislocations and its role on the yielding of twinned nanowires. Scripta Materialia,
63: 50-53.
[12]Daw M S, Baskes M I. 1984. Semiempirical, quantum mechanical calcuation of

hydrogen embrittlement in metals. Physical Review Letters, 50: 1285-1288.

[13]Egami T, Maeda K, Vitek V. 1980. Structural defects in amorphous solids: a
computer simulation study. Philosophical Magazine A, 41: 883-901.
[14]Ezaz T, Sangid M D, Sehitoglu H. 2011. Energy barriers associated with slip-twin
interactions. Philosophical Magazine, 91: 1464-1488.
[15]Fang T H, Li W L, Tao N R, Lu K. 2011. Revealing extraordinary intrinsic tensile
plasticity in gradient nano-grained copper. Science, 331: 1587-1590.
[16]Gleiter H. 1989. Nanocrystalline Materials. Progress in Materials Science, 33:
223-315.
[17]Gleiter H. 1995. Nanostructured materials: state of the art and perspectives.
Nanostructured Materials, 6: 3-14.
[18]Gleiter, H. 2000. Nanostructured materials: basic concepts and microstructure.
Acta Materialia, 48: 1-29.
[19]Hoagland R G, Kurtz R J, Henager C H. 2004. Slip resistance of interfaces and
the strength of metallic multilayer composites. Scripta Materialia, 50: 775-779.
[20]Hoagland R G, Mitchell T E, Hirth J P, Kung H. 2002. On the strengthening
effects of interfaces in multilayer fcc metallic composites. Philosophical Magzine
A, 82: 643-664.
[21]Hays C C, Kim C P, Johnson W L. 2000. Microstructure controlled shear band
pattern formation and enhanced plasticity of bulk metallic glasses containing in
situ formed ductile phase dendrite dispersions. Physical Review Letters, 84:
2901-2904.
[22]Hofmann D C, Suh J Y, Wiest A, Duan G, Lind M L. 2008. Demetriou, M. D.,
Johnson, W. L., Designing metallic glass matrix composites with high toughness
and tensile ductility. Nature, 451: 1085-1089.
[23]Honeycutt J D, Andersen H C. 1987. Molecular dynamics study of melting and
freezing of small Lennard-Jones clusters. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 91:
4950-4963.
[24]Holian B L, Lomdahl P S. 1998. Plasticity induced by shock waves in
nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations. Science, 280: 2085-2088.

[25]Hong C S, Tao N R, Huang X, Lu K. 2010. Nucleation and thickening of shear

bands in nano-scale twin/matrix lamellae of a Cu-Al alloy processed by dynamics
plastic deformation. Acta Materialia, 58: 3103-3116.
[26]Huang X X. 2014. Size effects on the strength of metals. Acta Metallurgica
Sinica, 50: 137-140.
[27]Jang D C, Li X Y, Gao H J, Greer J R. 2012. Deformation mechanisms in
nanotwinned metal nanopillars. Nature Nanotechnology, 7: 594-601.
[28]Jang D C, Greer J R. 2010. Transition from a strong-yet-brittle to a
stronger-and-ductile state by size reduction of metallic glasses. Nature Materials,
9: 215-219.
[29]Jin Z H, Gumbsch P, Ma E, Albe K, Lu K, Hahn H, Gleiter H. 2006. The
interaction mechanism of screw dislocations with coherent twin boundaries in
different face-centred cubic metals. Scripta Materialia, 54: 1163-1168.
[30]Jin Z H, Gumbsch P, Albe K, Ma E, Lu K, Gleiter H, Hahn H. 2008. Interactions
between non-screw lattice dislocations and coherent twin boundaries in
face-centred cubic metals. Acta Materialia, 56: 1126-1135.
[31]Klement W, Willens R H, Duwez P. 1960. Non-crystalline structure in solidified
gold-silicon alloys. Nature, 187: 869-870.
[32]Koehler J S. 1970. Attempt to design a strong solid. Physical Review B, 2:
547-551.
[33]Li L, Ghoniem N M. 2009. Twin-size effects on the deformation of nanotwinned
copper. Physical Review B, 79: 075444.
[34]Li Y P, Zhang G P. 2010. On plasticity and fracture of nanostructured Cu/X
(X=Au,Cr) multilayers: The effects of length scale and interface/boundary. Acta
Materialia, 58: 3877-3887.
[35]Li L L, Zhang Z J, Zhang P, Wang Z G, Zhang Z F. 2014a. Controllable fatigue
cracking mechanisms of copper bicrystals with a coherent twin boundary. Nature
Communications, 5: 3536.
[36]Li L L, Zhang P, Zhang Z J, Zhou H F, Qu S X, Yang J B, Zhang Z F. 2014b.
Strain localization and fatigue cracking behaviors of Cu bicrystal with an inclined

twin boundary. Acta Materialia, 73: 167-176.

[37]Li L L, Zhang P, Zhang Z J, Zhang Z F. 2014c. Intrinsically higher fatigue
cracking resistance of the penetrable and movable incoherent twin boundary.
Scientific Reports, 4: 3744.
[38]Li X Y, Wei Y J, Yang W, Gao H J. 2009. Competing grain-boundary- and
dislocation-mediated mechanisms in plastic strain recovery in nanocrystalline
aluminum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America, 106: 16108-16113.
[39]Li X Y, Wei Y J, Lu L, Lu K, Gao H J. 2010. Dislocation nucleation governed
softening and maximum strength in nano-twinned metals. Nature, 464: 877-880.
[40]Li X Y. 2014. Atomistic simulations of bauschinger effects in nanocrystalline
aluminum thin films. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 50: 219-225.
[41]Lu L, Shen Y F, Chen X H, Qian L H, Lu K. 2004. Ultrahigh strength and high
electrical conductivity in copper. Science, 304: 422-426.
[42]Lu L, Chen X, Huang X, Lu K. 2009. Revealing the maximum strength in
nanotwinned copper. Science, 323: 607-610.
[43]Lu L, You Z S. 2014. Plastic deformation mechanisms in nanotwinned metals.
Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 50: 129-136.
[44]Lu Y, Song J, Huang J Y, Lou J. 2011. Surface dislocation nucleation mediated
deformation and ultrahigh strength in sub-10-nm gold nanowires. Nano Research,
4: 1261-1267.
[45]Luo X M, Zhu X F, Zhang G P. 2014. Nanotwin-assisted grain growth in
nanocrystalline gold films under cyclic loading. Nature Communications, 5:
3021.
[46]Misra A, Hirth J P, Hoagland R G. 2005. Length-scale-dependent deformation
mechanisms in incoherent metallic multilayered composites. Acta Materialia, 53:
4817-4824.
[47]Marian J, Knap J, Ortiz M. 2004. Nanovoid cavitation by dislocation emission in
aluminum. Physical Review Letters, 93: 165503.
[48]Olmsted D L, Buta D, Adland A, Foiles S M, Asta M, Karma A. 2011.

Dislocation-pairing transitions in hot grain boundaries. Physical Review Letters,

106: 046101.
[49]Parrinello M, Rahman A. 1981. Polymorphic transitions in single crystals: A new
molecular dynamics method. Journal of Applied Physics, 52: 7182-7190.
[50]Qu S X, Zhou H F. 2010. Hardening by twin boundary during nanoindentation in
nanocrystals. Nanotechnology, 21: 335704.
[51]Rao S I, Hazzledine P M. 2000. Atomistic simulations of dislocation-interface
interactions in the Cu-Ni multilayer system. Philosophical Magazine A, 80:
2011-2040.
[52]Shao S, Medyanik S N. 2010. Dislocation-interface interaction in nanoscale fcc
metallic bilayers. Mechanics Research Communications, 37: 315-319.
[53]Swygenhoven H V, Derlet P M, Froseth A G. 2004. Stacking fault energies and
slip in nanocrystalline metals. Nature Materials, 3: 399-403.
[54]Schiotz J, Jacobsen K W. 2003. A maximum in the strength of nanocrystalline
copper. Science, 301: 1357-1359.
[55]Shimizu F, Ogata S, Li J. 2007. Theory of shear banding in metallic glasses and
molecular dynamics calculations. Materials Transactions, 48: 2923-2927.
[56]Stukowski A, Albe K, Farkas D. 2010. Nanotwinned fcc metals: Strengthening
versus softening mechanisms. Physical Review B, 82: 224103.
[57]Shan Z W, Mishra R K, Asif S A S, Warren O L, Minor A M. 2008. Mechanical
annealing and source-limited deformation in submicrometre-diameter Ni crystals.
Nature Materials, 7: 115-119.
[58]Spaepen F. 1977. A microscopic mechanism for steady state inhomogeneous flow
in metallic glasses. Acta Matallurgica, 25: 407-415.
[59]Tian Y J, Xu B, Yu D L, Ma Y M, Wang Y B, Jiang Y B, Hu W T, Tang C C, Gao
Y F, Luo K, Zhao Z S, Wang L M, Wen B, He J L, Liu Z Y. 2013. Ultrahard
nanotwinned cubic boron nitride. Nature, 493: 385-388.
[60]Wang C C, Mao Y W, Shan Z W, Dao M, Li J, Sun J, Ma E, Suresh S. 2013.
Real-time, high-resolution study of nanocrystallization and fatigue cracking in a
cyclically strained metallic glass. Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences of the United States of America, 110: 19725-19730.

[61]Wang J, Hoagland R G, Hirth J P, Misra A. 2008. Atomistic modeling of the
interaction of glide dislocations with weak interfaces. Acta Materialia, 56:
5685-5693.
[62]Wang J, Hoagland R G, Misra A. 2009. Mechanics of nanoscale metallic
multilayers: From atomic-scale to micro-scale. Scripta Materialia, 60:
1067-1072.
[63]Wang J, Misra A, Hoagland R G, Hirth J P. 2012. Slip transmission across fcc/bcc
interfaces with varying interface shear strengths. Acta Materialia, 60: 1503-1513.
[64]Wang J W, Sansoz F, Huang J Y, Liu Y, Sun S H, Zhang Z, Mao S X. 2013.
Near-ideal theoretical strength in gold nanowires containing angstrom scale twins.
Nature Communications, 4: 1742.
[65]Wang Y M, Li J, Hamza A V, Barbee T W. 2007. Ductile crystalline-amorphous
nanolaminates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America, 104: 11155-11160.
[66]Wang Y M, Sansoz F, LaGrange T, Ott R T, Marian J, Barbee T W, Hamza A V.
Defective twin boundaries in nanotwinned metals. Nature Materials, 12:
697-702.
[67]Wang Y M, Chen M W, Zhou F H, Ma E. 2002. High tensile ductility in a
nanostructured metal. Nature, 419: 912-915.
[68]Wang Y B, Sui M L. 2009. Atomic-scale in situ observation of lattice dislocations
passing through twin boundaries. Applied Physics Letters, 94: 021909.
[69]Wei Y J. 2011. Scaling of maximum strength with grain size in nanotwinned fcc
metals. Physical Review B, 83: 132104.
[70]Wei Y J. 2014. Investigation of mechanical behavior of interfaces in
nanostructured metals. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 50: 183-190.
[71]Wei Y J, Li Y Q, Zhu L C, Liu Y, Lei X Q, Wang G, Wu Y X, Mi Z L, Liu J B,
Wang H T, Gao H J. 2014. Evading the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma in
steel through gradient hierarchical nanotwins. Nature Communications, 5: 3580.
[72]Wood E L, Sansoz F. 2012. Growth and properties of coherent twinning

superlattice nanowires. Nanoscale, 4: 5268-5276.

[73]Yan J W, Zhu X F, Yang B, Zhang G P. 2013. Shear stress-driven refreshing
capability of plastic deformation in nanolayered metals. Physical Review Letters,
110: 155502.
[74]You Z S, Lu L, Lu K. 2011. Tensile behavior of columnar grained Cu with
preferentially oriented nanoscale twins. Acta Materialia, 59: 6927-6937.
[75]You Z S, Li X Y, Gui L J, Lu Q H, Zhu T, Gao H J. 2013. Plastic anisotropy and
associated deformation mechanisms in nanotwinned metals. Acta Materialia, 61:
217-227.
[76]Zhang G P, Zhu X F. 2014. Design of high-performance Cu-based nanolayered
materials: on strengthening and toughening abilities at the nanoscales. Acta
Metallurgica Sinica, 50: 148-155.
[77]Zhang J Y, Liu G, Sun J. 2014. Size effects on deformation and fracture behavior
of nanostructured metallic multilayers. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 50: 169-182.
[78]Zhang Y, Wang W H, Greer A L. 2006. Making metallic glasses plastic by control
of residual stress. Nature Materials, 5: 857-860.
[79]Zhou H F, Zhang L F, Qu S X. 2012. Temperature effect on critical shear stress
for twin boundary migration. Computational Materials Science, 60: 231-233.
[80]Zhou H F, Li X Y, Qu S X, Yang W, Gao H J. 2014. A jogged dislocation
governed strengthening mechanism in nanotwinned metals. Nano Letters, 14:
5075-5080.
[81]Zhou H F, Qu S X, Yang W. 2010. Toughening by nano-scaled twin boundaries in
nanocrystals. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering,
18: 065002.
[82]Zhou H F, Qu S X, Yang W. 2013. An atomistic investigation of structural
evolution in metallic glass matrix composites. International Journal of Plasticity,
44: 147-160.
[83]Zhou H F, Zhong C, Cao Q P, Qu S X, Wang X D, Yang W, Jiang J Z. 2014.
Non-localized deformation in metallic alloys with amorphous structure. Acta
Materialia, 68: 32-41.

[84]Zhou H F, Qu S X. Investigation of atomistic deformation mechanism of gradient

nanotwinned copper using molecular dynamics simulation method. Acta
Metallurgica Sinica, 50: 226-230.
[85]Zhu T, Li J, Samanta A, Kim H G, Suresh S. 2007. Interfacial plasticity governs
strain rate sensitivity and ductility in nanostructured metals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 104: 3017-3668.
[86]Zhu X F, Tan J, Wu B, Zhang G P. 2009. Two different types of
shear-deformation behavior in Au-Cu multilayers. Philosophical Magazine
Letters, 89: 66-74.
[87]Zhu X F, Zhong C, Cao Q P, Qu S X, Wang X D, Yang W, Jiang J Z. 2008.
Understanding nanoscale damage at a crack tip of multilayered metallic
composites. Applied Physics Letters, 92: 161905.
[88]Zhu Y T, Wu X L, Liao X Z, Narayan J, Kecskes L J, Mathaudhu S N. 2011.
Dislocation-twin interactions in nanocrystalline fcc metals. Acta Materialia, 59:
812-821.
[89]Zhu W P, Wang H T, Yang W. 2012. Orientation- and microstructure-dependent
deformation in metal nanowires under bending. Acta Materialia, 60: 7112-7122.
[90]Zimmerman J A. 1999. Continuum and atomistic modeling of dislocation
nucleation at crystal surface ledges. Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University.
[91]Zimmerman J A, Kelchner C L, Klein P A, Hamilton J C, Foiles S M. 2001.
Surface steps on nanoindentation. Physical Review Letters, 87: 165507.

Mechanical Behaviors and Deformation Mechanisms of Novel Nano-structured

Metals
Shaoxing Qu*Haofei Zhou
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China

Abstract
Nano-structured metals and their alloys possess superior mechanical properties.
The defects inside or on the surfaces of the nano-structured metals, including grain
boundaries, dislocations, twin boundaries, voids, cracks, the second phases, etc., can
influence the materials strength and toughness significantly through their nucleation,
evolution and interactions. This review article surveys the advances in microstructure
characterization and mechanical testing, as well as computation and simulation on
strengthening and toughening mechanisms of several novel nano-structured metals. It
is also proposed that the comprehensive investigation is necessary on nano-structured
metals to obtain the specific mechanical behaviors and primary deformation
mechanisms at atomic scales.

Keywords Nano-structure, metals, microstructure characterization, mechanical

*

Email: squ@zju.edu.cn

testing, strength and toughness, computation and simulation