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Tuesday, November 10, 2009

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Swimming Pools ( )

( )
(Survival skill ) (
(
)
Swimming Pools ()

Concrete Fiber-glass Steel Reinforced Tank

Content ()
CAD & Design Tools
Singapore: M&E and AutoCAD
Revit MEP 2010
MEP Systems
M&E Systems vs Buildings
M&E Systems
Scope of M&E Systems

Swimming Pool MEP Systems Pool Specialist Contractor Installation

M&E:

Architects Structure Engineers Coordinate Lighting Specialist

M&E Architectural

Consultants

I. Introduction
II. Water Quality
III. Codes, Rules & Regulations
IV. Safety
V. MEP Systems
VI. Other Pools & Fish Ponds

M&E
M&E Design: High-Rise Buildings
Testing & Commissioning Process

HVAC
HVAC: Introduction to Design
HVAC: Building in Hot & Humid Climate
M&E Basics: Pipe & Duct Sizing
HVAC: Duct Sizing with VBA
HVAC: Duct Sizing

VII. Construction
VIII. Pool Maintenance
IX. Natatoriums - HVAC

Automatic Control Systems

HVAC Control (01) : FCU

X. References
Plumbing
Sanitary Plumbing: Introduction

Specialist
Specialist Contractors Fittings Supply ( )
Supply Calculation Code / Regulation Requirements
Technical Support

I. Introduction
( )

Chemical Treatment Continuous Filtrations

Domestic Water Supply: Introduction

Water Tanks ( )

Swimming Pools
Swimming Pools ( )

Fire Protection
Fire Protection : Introduction

Smoke Control: Pressurization Systems

Fire Sprinkler (Wet) System, S'pore

Underwater Light Swimming Pools

Electrical
Electrical Power Distribution

Public Pool Private Housing

Public Pool
Ladder
MEP
System

Sustainable, Green and Environment

Green Buildings: USGBC's LEED/
S'pore GreenMark
Understanding LEED
Green Energy
Clean Air:
Clean Water:

Sign In

MEP Systems Life Cycle Cost

MEP Systems
(Continuously)

Engineering Exams
USA: EIT and FE Exam
-----------------------------------Recently Updated
HVAC: Duct Sizing with VBA
Swimming Pools ( )

II. Water Quality

Environmental Health Quality ()
Water Quality
i. Physical Quality ( () ... )
ii. Biological Quality ( )
iii. Chemical Quality (Residual Chlorine, PH, other concentrations, etc.)

-----------------------------------mail me: ko_chaw@yahoo.com

Please consider the environment before printing.

Labels
Water Filtration & Treatment Systems

AutoCAD (1)

CAD (2)

Control (2)

Electrical (1)

Environment (8)

Fire Protection (5)

()

General (1)

HVAC (10)

Fixtures Fittings Corrosion

MEP Design (7)

MEP Systems (12)

Treatment Continuously

Myanmar (2)

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() dead skins

Singapore (3)

Swimming Pools (1)

Testing and Commissioning (1)

USA-EIT/PE (1)

....

VBA (1)

Water Supply (4)

Public Pools Lockers, Showers & Toilets Facilities

About Me

Shower

Bladder Drainage
Shower ()

)

() Water Treatment System Circulate Pumps
Circulation Turnover MEP
Section
Turnover Private Pools
()
Wadding Pools - (
Code Requirements
)

Residual Chlorine ( )
Treatment System Lint Catcher

Filter (Sand Filter, DE Filter, Cartridge Filters, etc.)

Skimmer ( Filtration Systems Fitting
) Scum gutters
( Balancing Tank (Surge Tank)
- , 189 m )
Treatment System
One Side Opposite Side
Treatment
Inlet

View my complete profile


Water Quality Health & Safety

III. Codes, Rules & Regulations

Environment, Health and Safety
( )


Public Pool Code
Public Pool Operate Water Quality report

Regulation water quality
Technology

Regulation Safety Pool Water Depth
1.2m (4.0 ft) Pool Life Guard
Specialist Contractor Swimming
Pool Specialist Licensing Process / Exam / Registeration
State of California Energy Conservation Energy Efficiency
Regulation California State Energy Commission



WebLinks

Code Fulton County Codes
[ http://waterworldinc.net/CodeSection/FultonCountyFiles/FultonCountyCodes.htm ]

IV. Safety
1.
( )

( ) Lifeguard
on duty
( )
(Outdoor)
Public Pool Lifeguard
Notice
First Aids Kits
WaterQuality Kits

Private Pool

Pump Suction Pool

Pump Spa Pool
2. Water Treatment System Water Quality

a.
b.
c. Residual Chlorine ( ) () Water treatment

Water Quality Monitor

V. MEP Systems
A. System Components
Swimming Pool MEP System Components
1. Circulation Pumps

2. Water Filters (Sand, D.E, Cartridge, etc.)

3. Water Treatments Systems
4. Water Balancing (Gutters + Balancing/Surge Tank System (or) Skimmers Systems)
5. Water Supply Make-up and Overflow Fittings
6. Pipe & Fittings (Water Inlet Nozzles, Pipings, Valves, Strainers, Main Drains, Channel
Grating, Skimmers, Vacuum Inlet, etc.)
7. Back Wash Holding Tank (or) Backwash Absorption Pits
8. Underwater Lights (Low Voltage)
9. Pool Heaters
10. Electrical Control Panel

Swimming Pool Schematics

Ref

Description

No

Ref
No

Description
Balancing Tank

Circulation Pumps

Sand Filter

10

Pump Suction

PH Adjuster

11

Main Drain Sump

Chlorinator

12

Vacuum Point

Floor Inlet Nozzles

13

Make-Up Water

Swimming Pool

14

Over-Flow

Scum Gutter

15

Back-Wash Tank

Strainer Busket

16

Drain Sump

(Surge Tank)

1. Circulation Pumps
Water Treatment
Pumps
Water Treatment System (pressure head loss)
Turn Over Rate
Pool Turnover Rate Pool Water Volume Pump Flow rate
Pump Flowrate= ( Pool Water Volume / Turn over period ) + Safety Factor(say 20%)
Unit
Pump Head Filter Pressure Loss

2. Water Filters (Sand, D.E, Cartridge, etc.)

i. Cartridge Filter
ii. Sand Filter
iii. DE (Diatomaceous Earth) Filter
Pool / Water Featurs cartridge filter

 Sand Filter DE Filter

DE (Diatomaceous Earth) Filter

Sand Filter DE
Maintenance
maintenance

Filter Back wash
Sand Filter DE
() DE makeup DE
Cancer

DE
Backwash DE Environment
Control
Capacity Sand Filter

weblinks supplier web

site
Sand Filter DE Filter
Sand Filter

Ref No

Description

Qty. Req'd.

Multiport Valve

Pressure Gauge

Valve/Tank O-Ring

Flange Clamp (Valve-Tank)

Sand Shield

Lateral Assembly W/Pipe

Filter Tank (SM1700T)

Lateral-One Piece / Screw on

10

9a/9b

Drain Cap Assy (1 5/16 Dia)

10

System Mounting Base 1

11

1 Elbow Adapter 1

12

1 Straight Hose Adapter 1

13

Hose

14

Hose Clamp

15

5/16 X 3/4 Mounting Screw Kit

16
17a /b

Pump

3' or 6' Cord Set

Pump Pump () Filter

Sand Filter Freeboard ()
Freeboard Backwash

D.E Filter

Ref No

Description

Qty. Req'd.

Manual Air Relief w/O-ring

Manual Air Relief Assembly

Pressure Gauge

O-Ring Kit

Manual Air Relief Nut

Upper Filter Body

Label Pack

Clamp System including:

8

Clamp, Clamp nut and Bolt, Hang tag,

Metal Reinforced Seal and Labels

9

Clamp Bolt and Nut

10

Label Pack*

11

Metal Reinforced Seal

12

Retainer Nut 5/16-18

13

Washer

14

Top Collector Manifold

15

Retainer Rod

16

Flex Air Relief Assembly

17

Outlet Elbow O-ring

18

Outlet Elbow

Filter Element Cluster

19

Assembly (Complete set of elements,

collectors, Locators, Manifold, ect.

20

Filter Element

21

Filter Element Short

22

Inlet Diffuser

23

Element Spacer

24

Filter Element Locator

25

Bulkhead O-Ring

26

Bulkhead Fitting

27

Lower Filter Body

28

Label Pack*

29

Drain Plug w/ O-Ring

30

Strap Kit (Optional)

2 straps, 2 Screws

31

O-Ring (2 Req.)

32

Variable Flow Valve (Optional)

33

Slide Valve 2 SKT (Optional)

3. Water Treatments Systems

(Chlorine)
Water Treatment System
Residual
Chlorine Residual Chlorine
[ Limits EHS codes

NEA Regulations 1mg/ L
3mg/L Ref APPENDIX 6: Water Quality Standards For Swimming
Pool, Code Of Practice On Environmental Health 2005 with Addendum 1,2 &3, 2009 Jan
]
Chlorine (Tablet) Tablet Chlorinator
Chemical Tank Pump (NaCl )
Chemical Calcium hypochlorite
Ca(ClO)2
PH Level Residual (Free) Chlorine
Activity Alkaline
(7.2 < pH < 8 ) [ Limits EHS codes

NEA Regulations -pH 7.2 to 7.8
Ref APPENDIX 6: Water Quality Standards For Swimming Pool, Code Of
Practice On Environmental Health 2005 with Addendum 1,2 &3, 2009 Jan]
Algae () Scale ()
Water Quality Chemical Treatment
Chemical
Specialist

4. Water Balancing (Gutters + Balancing/Surge Tank System (or) Skimmers Systems)

Treatment


Archimedes

Balancing (Surge) Capacity
Balancing Water Circulation System Configuration
Balancing Balancing Tank (Surge Tank)
Skimmer Boxes
i. Balancing Tanks (with Scum Gutter etc.)
ii. Skimmer System
Scum Gutter Overflow Balancing Tank
(Surge Tank)

 ( - )
Skimmer System (
) Skimmer
Weir Skimmer Box Pollutants
Skimmer Pollutant Treatment System
Skimmer

Balancing Tank Capacity (Required Surge Capacity)

(avg 65L for Aseans, 85L for US)
(assumed 20-25mm)

 Allowance for Pumping System and System

Recirculation Delay

5. Water Supply Make-up and Overflow Fittings

Water Supply Make-up
Fittings
Sand Filter / DE filter Backwash ( Filters
) Filtered Treated Water

Make-up ()
Water Supply Fittings Balancing Tank (Surge Tank)
Low Level
Fittings
Backwash


Save Environment, Conserve Water !

Water Treatment System
Overflow Fittings
Balancing Tank (Surge Tank) Balancing Tank (Surge Tank) Overflow

Balancing Tank (Surge Tank) Overflow

Drainage System

Balancing (Surge) Capacity (Treated Water

)

( )

6. Pipe & Fittings (Water Inlet Nozzles, Pipings, Valves, Strainers, Main Drains, Channel Grating,
Skimmers, Vacuum Inlet, etc.)
Pool Water Treatment System Pipe & Fittings
Water Inlet Nozzles ( )
Pipings & Fittings ( )
Pumps Fittings (Strainers, Valves, Check Valves, Flexible Connectors, etc.)
Treatment System Main Drains, Channel Grating,
Skimmers, etc.
Pool Maintenance
Vacuum Fittings Vacuum Fittings
Filter
7. Back Wash Holding Tank (or) Backwash Absorption Pits
Filter Backwash Pump Capacity
Drainage Line Drainage Buffer
Back Wash Holding Tank (or) Backwash Absorption Pits
Backwash Operation Pump Capacity (Flowrate) x 10
minutes

8. Underwater Lights (Low Voltage)

Underwater Light
( 24V ) Water Seal

wattage Architect Special Lighting
Effect Lighting Specialist

Conduit Conduit


9. Pool Heaters
Pool Heating (Heat Pumps,
Electric, Gas, etc.) ASPE (American Society of Plumbing
Engineers) Data book Design Temperature
Minimum Acceptable = 75F (24C)
Competitive Swimming and Diving = 78-82F (25.6-27.5C)
Commercial (Club, Motel, Apartment): 82-90F (27.8-32.2C)
Residential: 75-85F (24-26.7C)
Heat Pump Energy Efficient DX Air-Con
Outdoor Unit Compressor Heat

Energy Conservative State of California Energy

Efficiency Standard regulations
Energy Outdoor Pool Chilled Water
Heat Exchanger
10. Electrical Control Panel
Water Pumps Underwater Lights Electrical Control Panels

Electrical Safety RCCB

Pool Circulation Timer
Underwater Lights Step-down transformer
Treatment Plant Ventilation Fans

B. MEP Equipments' Capacity Calculations

MEP Components

1. Circulation Pumps Capacity Calculation
2. Filters Capacity Calculation
3. Balancing (Surge) Capacity Calculation
4. Pipes Sizing

1. Circulation Pump Capacity Calculation

Pump Water Flowrate
Pool Turnover Rate Pool Water Volume Pump Flow rate
Pump Flowrate= ( Pool Water Volume / Turn over period ) + Safety Factor(say 20%)
Unit
Pool Water Volume
Pool Water Volume
Volume Rectangle x x
Retangular Rectangle
AutoCAD Area ()

Safety Factor

( ) US gal
7.5 gal / ft3
Depth Area x Depth Depth Average Depth

http://www.waterwarehouse.com/

 SI Units
Geometry

Capacity Total (m)

Length (m) X Width (m) X Average Depth (m)

Rectangular
Pool:
Long Diameter (m) X Short Diameter (m) X Average Depth (m) X
Oval Pool:

0.785
X 0.785

Diameter(m) X Diameter(m) X Average Depth(m) X 0.785

X 0.785

Circular Pool:

Pump Flowrate Litres 1 m 1,000 Litres

Pump Head
Pump Head Static Head Pipe & Fitting Losses
Filter Pressure Loss

California Energy Commission - 2008 Building Energy Efficiency Standards

H = C x F
H is the total system head in feet of water.
F is the flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm).
C is a coefficient based on the volume of the pool:
a. 0.0167 for pools less than or equal to 17,000gallons.
b. 0.0082 for pools greater than 17,000gallons.

2. Filter Capacity Calculation

Filter Area Regulation
Filter factors (gpm/ft):
CA Title 24: 2008

Fulton County

Cartridge

0.375

0.375

Sand

15

14 to 16

Diatomaceous Earth

Unit (gpm/ft) SI Unit 1 gpm/ft= 40.74 lpm/m

Manufacturer's Recommendation
Filter Area DE Sand Filter

DE Filter Area Sand Filter

Capacity Sand Filter

Sand Filter Cylinder Filter

Diameter A = d / 4 Filter

Manufacturer's Technical Data

3. Balancing (Surge) Capacity Calculation

i. Bather Load

(avg 65L for Aseans, 85L for US)
Bathing Load Density Bathing Load
Density Regulation

Water Depth

Bather Load (m / person)

Shallow Water (under 1m deep)

2.2 (23.7 square feet)

Standing Water (1 - 1.5 m deep)

2.7 (29 square feet)

Deep Water (over 1.5 m deep)

Very Deep Water (over 2 m deep)

4.0 (43 square feet)

4.0 OR Maximum DESIGN Bather load
(whichever is less)

Ref: The Swimming Pool Operators and Owners Resources Pages, UK

[http://www.caromal.co.uk/Resource Page 1.HTM]

Regulation Private Pool

ii. Wave Volume

Pool Area Wave Volume 20
25mm Assume
iii. Allowance for Pumping System and System Recirculation Delay (
)
Balancing Tank (Surge Tank) Pump
Pump

Pump Vortex
Cavitation Water Level
Balancing Tank (Surge Tank)

iv. Balancing (Surge) Capacity

Assumptions
Bather Volume, v0 = 0.06 m/person ( 60 L / person )
Water Wave Height , h = 0.025 m (25mm)
Pool Size

Sr.

Pool ID

1 Public Pool
2

Area
(m)

Bathing Load

Depth Volume
(m)

(m)
V=

( m/
person)

Volume
Bathers Wave

Total

(m)

(m)

*N=

v1=

v2=

(m)
v3=

A/L)

Nxv0

Axh

v1+v2

300

1.4

420

2.7

112

6.7

7.5

14.2

40

1.1

44

5.0

0.5

1.5

30

0.4

12

0.75

0.75

Private Pool
1

AxD

Persons

Balancing Water

Children
3 (Wading)
Pool
Bather Load *N integer () round up

Children (Wadding) Pool

(450mm)
Bather Volume Wave Volume
Turn Over ( - )

v. Balancing Tank (Surge Tank)

Dimension
A
B

Description
Clearance Below Pump Suction
Fitting
Minimum Water Level to avoid
Cavitation

Value
75-100 mm
300 mm (or) Pump Requirements

Pool Balancing Active Height

Calculate from Balancing Volume

Make-up Range

100 mm (and) < C

Clearance Below Strainer Busket

> 50 mm

Clearance Below Overflow Pipe

25 mm

Water Inlet above Top of Overflow

Pipe

25 mm

Pool Balancing Active Height (C)

Pool Balancing Active Height (C) = Balancing Volume / Balancing Tank Area
Make-up Range D
Make Up Range (D) Active Height (C)

Make-up Fitting FreeBoard Space

vi. Balancing for Skimmer Systems

Make-up Overflow Level
Bather Load Wave Volume Flap Weir / Floating Weir
TWL (Top Water Level)
Overflow Level LWL (Low Water Level) Make-up

Free Board Height = T.W.L L.W.L C

Free Board Height = Balancing Volume / Pool Area
Floating Weir Skimmer
Skimmer Balancing Pipe

4. Pipe Sizing
Regulation Domestic Water
Supply Sanitary Drainage
Fulton County Maximum Flow velocity

i. Pressure piping : < 10 fps

ii. Vacuum lines : < 5 fps
California Energy Commission - 2008 Building Energy Efficiency Standards

i. Return line : < 8 fps

ii. Suction line : < 6 fps
Standard 2008 Residential Compliance Manual

Table 5-3 6-Hour Turnover Pipe Sizing
Pool Volume (gallons)

Minimum Pipe Diameter (in)

Min

Max

Return

Suction

13,000

1.5

1.5

13,000

1,7000

1.5

17,000

21,000

21,000

30,000

2.5

30,000

42,000

2.5

42,000

48,000

48,000

65,000

3.5

Gravity / Gradient Flow Line Manning Equation Gradient Flow Chart

Size

VI. Other Pools & Fish Ponds

A. Pools for Water Sports:
Swimming Competition, Diving, Water Polo, Synchronized Swimming
Swimming Pool Rules Tolerances

Pool
Fdration Internationale de Natation (FINA) (Fdration Internationale de Natation (FINA)
is the International Federation (IF) recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for
administering international competition in the aquatic sports (its name translated from French
is "International Swimming Federation").
na.org web site FINA Facilities Rules
FINA Facilities Rules [http://www.fina.org/project/index.php?
option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=119]
Swimming Pool Specialist
Idea

Competition Pool Diving Pool

Specialist
i. Turn Over = 4 hr
ii. Water Inlet Bottom Inlet, Slowly
iii. Balancing Tank (Surge Tank) at One Edge of the Pool : No Scum Gutter Required, Direct
to the Balancing Tank
Balancing Tank (Surge Tank)
( Public Pool
Regulation ) "This is the beauty of
water. "
Pool

Water Treatment Specialist
Standard The Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) Treatment and quality
standards for pools and spas
PWTAG Website [ http://www.pwtag.org/home.html ]

B. Swimming Pool vs Fish ponds

Swimming Pool
Biological Filter
Quality
Aquatic Plants

Swimming Pool Chlorine Biological Filter

nitrites nitrate
Bacteria Chlorine

Swimming Pool Treatment System

Project Service

(Koi Fish )

C. Other Pools and Some Notes

Water Fountains, Water Fall, Water Features and Display
Display Pattern Pump Capacity
Water Treatment Circulation Pumps
Display Pattern Pump Set
Control
Spa Pools: Spa Jet Pumps
Leisure Pool BAS (Building
Automation Systems) Automatic Controlled Blower
Wave Travels but Water does not. Water Only Moves Up and Down.

Zero Entry Pool

Online Link
My Dream Pool by Hayward Pool Products [ http://www.mydreampool.com/ ]
Checklist

VII. Construction
i. Coordination with Architects & Structural Engineers
ii. Aesthetic (Architectural Appeal)
iii. Spaces for MEP Systems, Equipment Logistic Routes
iv. Ventilation for Filtration Plant
v. Water Pressure vs Structure (similar to water tanks)
vi. Before Concreting: Installation of Pipe Spools, Box-ups for Pool Fixtures and Lighting, Electrical
Conduits, etc.
vii. Water Proofing Installations to prevent water leaks ( water proofing membrane, double slabs, puddle
flanges, etc.)

VIII. Pool Maintenance

i. Cleaning / Vacuum
ii. Filter Backwash
iii. Water Quality Check
iv. System Check
v. Pool Winterizing [ http://www.poolandspa.com/page107.htm ]

IX. Natatoriums - HVAC

i. Evaporation Rate Calculation
ii. Environment Control and Humidity Removal

X. References
Web-Links
1. Code & Regulations
i. National Swimming Pool Foundation, USA: Code Links [ http://www.nspf.org/Codes_Links.html ]
ii. NEA Singapore - Code Of Practice On Environmental Health 2005 with Addendum 1,2 & 3 Chapter 7
Swimming Pool, 2009 Jan
[ http://app2.nea.gov.sg/cop_copeh_sp.aspx ]
iii. NEA Singapore - Swimming Pool License
[ http://app2.nea.gov.sg/onlinesvcs_swimmingpool.aspx ]
iv. NEA Singapore - Swimming Pool License Renewal Application
[ http://app2.nea.gov.sg/NEADownload.aspx?res_sid=20081202770387696494 ]
v. USA, Georgia Counties: Codes Lists
[ http://waterworldinc.net/CodeSection/CountyList.htm ]
vi. USA : Georgia Counties: Fulton County Codes
[ http://waterworldinc.net/CodeSection/CountyList.htm ]
vii. USA : California Energy Commission - Resource Library [ http://www.title24learning.com/page.php?
pg=resourselibrary.php ]
viii. Western Australia : Code of Practice for the Design, Construction, Operation, Management and
Maintenance of Aquatic Facilities (October 2009) pdf download
[ http://www.public.health.wa.gov.au/cproot/1893/2/CODE OF PRACTICE-AQUATIC FACILITIES
2009.pdf ]
ix. Western Australia : Code of Practice for the Design, Construction, Operation, Management and
Maintenance of Aquatic Facilities (October 2009) Online
[ http://www.public.health.wa.gov.au/3/914/2/code_of_practice.pm ]

2. Reference Standards
i. Olympic Standards : Fdration Internationale de Natation (FINA)
[ http://www.fina.org/project/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=119 ]
ii. Anthropometrics: (United States Swimming)
[ http://www.usaswimming.org/USASWeb/DesktopDefault.aspx?TabId=234&Alias=rainbow&Lang=en
]
iii. PWTAG : Treatment and quality standards for pools and spas
[ http://www.pwtag.org/home.html ]
iv. USA : California Energy Commission - 2008 Building Energy Efficiency Standards
[ http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-400-2008-001/CEC-400-2008-001-CMF.PDF ]

3. Online Articles

i. Swimming Pool Fundamentals.html [ http://www.watermaid.ca/swimming-pool-fundamentals.html ]

ii. USA : Georgia Counties: Fulton County Codes (Good Reference)
[ http://waterworldinc.net/CodeSection/CountyList.htm ]
iii. Wiki Swimming_pool [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool ]
iv. Pool Operations [ http://www.jazziepools.com/services/poolops.asp ]
v. Swimming Pool Sanitation Article
[ http://www.pressreleasepoint.com/swimming-pool-sanitation-make-your-swimming-pool-clean-andsafe-health ]
vi. Pool Care Guide: from Dohenys Water Warehouse
[ http://www.waterwarehouse.com/swimming-pool-care-guide.aspx ]
vii. The Swimming Pool Operators and Owners Resources Pages, UK
[ http://www.caromal.co.uk/Resource Page 1.HTM ]

4. Pool Fittings Manufacturers / Suppliers

i. Pentair Water Pool and Spa [ http://www.pentairpool.com/ ]
ii. Hayward Pool Product [ http://www.haywardnet.com/ ]
iii. Hayward : Pools Fittings Owner's Manual Download
[ http://www.haywardnet.com/inground/products/manuals.cfm ]
iv. Hydrotech (uae) [ http://www.hydrotechuae.com/ ]

Posted by Ko Chaw - at 5:59 PM

Labels: MEP Systems, Swimming Pools

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