Lecture 27 Seismic Loads per IBC

Analysis of earthquake induced strong ground motion is a multi-discipline study

of geology, soil mechanics, seismology, structural dynamics, mechanical
vibration, probability, and statistics. It is an evolving science. Great research
efforts are undertaken annually through the federal, state and private sectors to
develop accurate methods of prediction, analysis, design and retrofit to lessen
the impact of potentially catastrophic earthquakes. The seismic structural design
portion of the IBC greatly simplifies the underlying science of strong ground
motion and is incorporated into Sections 1613.
Section 1613 Earthquake Loads
List of seismically-related definitions used throughout the remainder of the
Code.
Section 1613.1 Scope
Every structure and portion thereof, including nonstructural components
that are permanently attached to structures and their supports and
attachments, shall be designed and constructed to resist the effects of
earthquake motions in accordance with ASCE 7, excluding Chapter 14
and Appendix 11A.
Exceptions (earthquake analysis not required):
1. Detached one- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design
Categories A, B or C.
2. Seismic-force-resisting wood-framed structures complying with
IBC Section 2308.
3. Agricultural buildings with no human occupancy.
Section 1613.5.3 Site Coefficients and adjusted maximum considered
earthquake spectral response acceleration parameters
Ground motion accelerations are determined from IBC Figure 1613.5.
These include:
Ss = Earthquake spectral response acceleration at short (0.2 sec.)
periods.
S1 = Earthquake spectral response acceleration at 1-second
periods.

Lecture 27 - Page 1 of 11

Section 1613.5.6 Determination of Seismic Design Category

Seismic Design Category A, B, C, or D see IBC Tables 1613.5.6(1)
and 1613.5.6(2).

Section 1613.5.6.2 Simplified Design Procedure

Step 1: Determine Ground Motion Spectral Response Acceleration:
SS = Ground acceleration at short (0.2 second) period
= see Figure 1613.5(1)
S1 = = Ground acceleration at longer(1 second) period
= see Figure 1613.5(2)
Step 2: Determine Site Class:
Site class is based on seismic shear wave velocity, vs, traveling through
the top 100 feet of ground.
Site class is determined from Table 1613.5.2 on p. 303
Step 3: Determine Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response:

SMS = FaSS
where: Fa = Site coefficient based upon Site Class
= From Table 1613.5.3(1) p. 304
SM1 = FvS1
where: Fv = Site coefficient based upon Site Class
= From Table 1613.5.3(2) p. 304
Step 4: Determine Design Spectral Response Acceleration:
SDS =

2
(SMS) per IBC Equation 16-39
3

SD1 =

2
(SM1) per IBC Equation 16-40
3

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Step 5: Determine Response Modification Coefficient R:

R = From ASCE 7 Table 12.2-1

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Step 6: Determine the Effective Seismic Weight of Structure W:

W = Effective seismic weight of structure
= Total dead load of structure +
1. In areas used for storage, a minimum of 25% of the reduced
floor live load (floor live load in public garages and open parking
structures need not be included)
2. Where an allowance for partition load is included in the floor
load design, the actual partition weight or a minimum weight of
10 PSF of floor area, whichever is greater.
3. Total operating weight of permanent equipment
4. 20% of uniform flat roof snow load where the flat roof snow load
Pf exceeds 30PSF.
Step 7: Determine Seismic Importance Factor IE:

Seismic Importance Factor IE

Occupancy Category (per IBC 1604.5)
I or II
III
IV

Lecture 27 - Page 6 of 11

IE
1.0
1.25
1.5

Step 8: Determine Seismic Base Shear V:

V = CsW
where: Cs =

S DS
R

IE

Cs =

S D1
R
Ta
IE

Use
largest
Cs
Cs =

Where: Ta = approx. fundamental building period (sec.)

= Cthx
h = ht. of bldg (feet)
Structure Type:

Steel moment-resisting
frames
Concrete momentresisting frames
Eccentrically braced
steel frames
All other structural
systems

Ct
0.028

x
0.8

0.016

0.9

0.030

0.75

0.020

0.75

0.5S1
if S1 > 0.6g
R

IE

Cs > 0.01
Step 9: Determine Vertical Distribution of Seismic Shears:
Fx = CvxV

where: Cvx = wxhx

wihI

where: h = height above base (feet)

w = portion of weight at that level

Lecture 27 - Page 7 of 11

Example
GIVEN: The 2-story office (Category II) building shown below. The
building has the following features:

Location = Delhi, NY
Exterior ordinary reinforced masonry shear wall for resisting
seismic forces
Steel framing to support gravity loads
Soil characteristics = very dense soil & soft rock
Roof dead load = 26 PSF
2nd Floor dead load = 89 PSF
Exterior walls = 95 PSF (per height of wall)
Flat roof snow load = 24.5 PSF

REQUIRED:
1) Determine the seismic base shear.
2) Determine the vertical distribution of story and roof shear

2 stories @
12 = 24-0
tall

60-0 wide
100-0 long

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Step 1: Determine Ground Motion Spectral Response Acceleration:

SS = Ground acceleration at short (0.2 second) period (Fig. 1613.5(1))
= 20% g for Delhi, NY
= 0.20
S1 = Ground acceleration at longer (1 second) period (Fig. 1613.5(2))
= 6% g for Delhi, NY
= 0.06
Step 2: Determine Site Class:
From Table 1613.5.2, Site Class = C (since soil = very dense soil & soft rock)
Step 3: Determine Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response:

SMS = FaSS
where: Fa = 1.2 from Table 1613.5.3(1) (since Site Class C and Ss < 0.25)
SMS = 1.2(0.20)
= 0.24
SM1 = FvS1
where: Fv = 1.7 from Table 1613.5.3(2) (since Site Class C and S1 < 0.1)
SMS = 1.7(0.06)
= 0.102
Step 4: Determine Design Spectral Response Acceleration:
SDS =

2
(SMS) per IBC Equation 16-39
3

2
(0.24)
3
= 0.16

SD1 =

2
(SM1) per IBC Equation 16-40
3

2
(0.102)
3
= 0.068

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Step 5: Determine Response Modification Factor:

R = From ASCE 7 Table 12.2-1
Basic Seismic-Force Resisting System = Building Frame System

R=2

Ordinary reinforced masonry shear wall

Step 6: Determine the Effective Seismic Weight of Structure:
W = Effective seismic weight of structure
(100 ft)(60 ft)(26 PSF) =
Roof DL:
(100 ft)(60 ft)(89 PSF) =
2nd Floor DL:
Ext. Walls DL: 24 ft(60 + 60 + 100 + 100)(95 PSF) =
TOTAL W =

156 kips
534 kips
730 kips
1420 kips

Step 7: Determine Seismic Base Shear:

V = CsW
where: Cs =

Use
largest
Cs

S DS
0.16
=
= 0.08
R
2

1 .0
IE

S D1
Cs =
R
Ta
IE

Cs =

0.068
= 0.15
2
0.22

1 .0

0.5S1
if S1 > 0.6g
R

IE

Cs > 0.01
V = CsW
= (0.15)(1420 kips)
V = 213 kips

Lecture 27 - Page 10 of 11

Where: Ta = Cthx
Ct = 0.020
h = 24 ft.
x = 0.75
Ta = (0.020)(240.75)
= 0.22 seconds

Pick largest Cs = 0.15

Building

Ground
V = 213 kips

Step 8: Determine Vertical Distribution of Seismic Shears:

Fx = CvxV
where: Cvx = wxhx
wihI

where: h = height of mass above base (feet)

w = portion of weight at that level

Wroof = 156 kips + (730 kips)

= 338.5 kips

Froof

Wroofhroof = 338.5 kips(24)

= 8124 kip-ft

12
W2nd = 534 kips + (730 kips)
= 1081.5 kips

F2nd
12

W2ndh2nd = 1081.5 kips(12)

= 12978 kip-ft
Wxhx = 8124 kip-ft + 12978 kip-ft
= 21102 kip-ft

V = 213 kips
8124kip ft
(213kips)
21102kip ft
Froof = 82.0 kips
Froof

12978kip ft
(213kips)
21102kip ft
F2nd = 131.0 kips
F2nd =

Check:
82.0 kips + 131.0 kips = 213 kips ???
213 kips = 213 kips OK

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